Timeline of Philippine historyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search

This is a timeline of Philippine history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Philippines and their predecessor states.

See also: History of the PhilippinesSee also: List of the oldest schools in the PhilippinesSee also: list of Presidents of the Philippines

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Centuries: 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th · 21st

10th century

Year Date Event Reference900 End of prehistory. Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest known Philippine

document, is written in the Manila area in Kawi script.Rise of Indianized Kingdom of Tondo around Manila Bay.

11th century

Year Date Event Reference

1000People from Southern Annam called Orang Dampuan establish trade zones in Sulu

1001Song Shih document records tributary delegation from the Buddhist Kingdom of Butuan on 17 March.

12th century

Year Date Event Reference1175 Kingdom of Namayan reaches its peak.

13th century

Year Date Event Reference1240 Tuan Masha'ika, an Arab, travels and introduces Islam to Sulu.

14th century

Year Date Event Reference1380 Karim Al-Makhdum arrives in Jolo and builds a Mosque.1400 Birth of the Baybayin, Hanunoo, Tagbanwa, and Buhid scripts from Brahmi.

15th century

Year Date Event Reference1457 Sultanate of Sulu founded by Sharif Al-Hashim.[1]

16th century

Year Date Event Reference1500 Rise of Kingdom of Maynila under the Bolkiah dynasty1521

16 MarchFerdinand Magellan lands on Homonhon with three small ships, named the Concepcion, Trinidad and Victoria. Magellan calls the place the Arcigelago de San Lazaro since March 16 is the feast day of Saint Lazarus

28 March Magellan reaches the Philippines29 March Blood Compact between Magellan and Rajah Kulambo of Limasawa31 March The first mass on Philippine soil is celebrated.

7 AprilMagellan meets Rajah Humabon of Cebu and enters into another Blood Compact. Humabon and his wife are baptized into the Catholic Church.

27 April Magellan is killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle of Mactan.

1525Spain sends an expedition under Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaysa to the Philippines. The Loaysa Expedition failed

1526Spain sends another expedition under Juan Cabot to the Philippines. The Cabot Expedition also failed

1527 Spain sends a fourth expedition under Alvaro de Saavedra to the Philippines.

1529Saavedra's expedition returns to Spain without Saavedra who died on the way home.

1536The Loaysa expedition returns to Spain. One of its survivors is Andres de Urdaneta, its chronicler.

1543 Spain sends a fifth expedition under Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines. The Expedition succeeds

2 FebruaryVillalobos arrives in the Philippines and names the islands of Samar and Leyte as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of Spain, Philip of Asturias

1565 13 February

Miguel López de Legazpi arrives in the Philippines with four ships and 380 men

8 May Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in the countryPhilippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

1567 Dagami Revolt (1567) [2][3][4][5][6]

1568The Portuguese, under the command of General Gonzalo de Pereira, attack Cebu and blockade its port.

1570 The Portuguese again attack the colony and are repulsed.May Legaspi sends an expedition under the leadership of Martin de Goiti to Manila.

1571 19 May The ruler of Manila, Rajah Suliman, wages war against the Spaniards

24 JuneLegaspi establishes the Spanish Colonial Government in Manila and proclaims it the capital of the colony

1572 20 AugustLegazpi dies and Guido de Lavezaris succeeds him as Governor-General (1572-1575)

1574 23 November

The Chinese pirate captain Limahong attacks Manila but fails

2 December

Limahong again attacks Manila with 1500 soldiers but again fails to defeat the Spaniards

December Lakandula leads a short revolt against the Spanish. [2][3][4][5][6]

1575 Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres(later renamed as Naga City) established by Captain Pedro de Sanchez

25 August Francisco de Sande appointed Governor-General (1575-1580)1579 Diocese of Manila established1580 April Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza appointed Governor-General (1580-1583)

King Philip II of Spain becomes King of Portugal, ending the Portuguese harassment of the PhilippinesThe Spaniards institute forced labor on all male natives aged 16 to 60.

1583 10 March Diego Ronquillo appointed Governor-General (1583-1584)August A great fire destroys Manila

1584 16 May Santiago de Vera appointed Governor-General (1584-1590)1585 Pampangos Revolt (1585) [2][3][4][5][6]

1587 Conspiracy of the Maharlikas (1587-1588) [2][3][4][5][6]

1589 Revolts Against the Tribute (1589) [2][3][4][5][6]

1590 Missionaries from the Society of Jesus established the Colegio de Manila in Intramuros.

[7][8][9]

1 June Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1590-1593)1592 Miguel de Benavides's Doctrina Christiana in Chinese published1593 Doctrina Christiana in Spanish and Tagalog published

October Pedro de Rojas appointed Governor-General (1593)3 December

Luis Pérez Dasmariñas appointed Governor-General (1593-1596)

1595 Diocese of Manila raised to an ArchbishopricDiocese of Nueva Segovia established.Diocese of Caceres established.Diocese of Cebu established.Colegio de San Ildefonso founded in Cebu

1596 Magalat Revolt (1596) [2][3][4][5][6]

14 July Francisco de Tello de Guzmán appointed Governor-General (1596-1602)

1598Colegio de Santa Potenciana, the first school for girls in the Philippines, established

[10][11][12][7]

1600 Pedro Bucaneg inscribes the oral epic Biag ni Lam-ang

17th century

Year Date Event Reference1600 The Dutch attacks the archipelago in a tactical offensive during the European war

between Spain and the NetherlandsBandala System is formed by the Spanish Colonial GovernmentThe Galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico begins.

1601 Igorot Revolt (1601). [2][3][4][5][6]

1 August Colegio de San Jose is established [7][13][14][15]

1602 Chinese revolt of 1602 [2][3][4][5][6]

May Pedro Bravo de Acuña appointed Governor-General (1602-1606).

1606 24 JuneCristóbal Téllez de Almanza appointed Governor-General (1606-1608) by the Audiencia Real.

1608 15 June Rodrigo de Vivero y Velasco appointed Governor-General (1608-1609).1609 April Juan de Silva appointed Governor-General (1609-1616).

1611 28 AprilUniversity of Santo Tomas established as the Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario (later renamed the Colegio de Santo Tomas).

[7][16][17]

1616 19 April Andrés Alcaraz appointed Governor-General (1616-1618) by the Audiencia Real.1618 3 July Alonso Fajardo de Entenza appointed Governor-General (1618-1624).

1619University of Santo Tomas, then known as Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santissimo Rosario, recognized by the Holy See.

[16][17]

1620Colegio de San Juan de Letran established as the Colegio de Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo.

[7][18][19][20]

1621 The Colegio de Manila raised to the status of a University and renamed as the Universidad de San Ignacio by Pope Gregory XV.

[7][9]

Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622) [2][3][4][5][6]

Bankaw Revolt (1621-1622) [2][3][4][5][6]

1624July

Jeronimo de Silva appointed Governor-General (1624-1625) by the Audiencia Real.

July Fernando de Silva appointed Governor-General (1624-1626).1625 Isneg Revolt (1625-1627) [2][3][4][5][6]

1626 29 June Juan Niño de Tabora appointed Governor-General (1626-1632).

1627University of Santo Tomas, then Colegio de Santo Tomas, authorized to confer degrees by Pope Urban VIII.

[16][17]

163222 July

Lorenzo de Olaza appointed Governor-General (1632-1633) by the Audiencia Real.Colegio de Santa Isabel established [7][21][22]

1633 29 August Juan Cerezo de Salamanca appointed Governor-General (1632-1635).1635 25 June Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera appointed Governor-General (1635-1644).1639 Cagayan Revolt (1639) [2][3][4][5][6]

1640Universidad de San Felipe de Austria established as the first Public University in the Philippines

[7][23]

1643 Universidad de San Felipe de Austria closed down [7][23]

Ladia Revolt (1643) [2][3][4][5][6]

1644 11 August Diego Fajardo Chacón appointed Governor-General (1644-1653).1645 The Colegio de Santo Tomas raised to the status of a university and renamed as

University of Santo Tomas by Pope Innocent X, upon the request of King Philip IV of Spain.

[16][17]

Zambales Revolt (1645) [2][3][4][5][6]

Pampanga Revolt (1645) [2][3][4][5][6]

1647 Dutch besieged the Spanish in the Battle of Puerto de Cavite.1649 Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50) [2][3][4][5][6]

Pintados Revolt (1649-50) [2][3][4][5][6]

1653 25 July Sabiniano Manrique de Lara appointed Governor-General (1653-1663).1660 Zambal Revolt (1660) [2][3][4][5][6]

Maniago Revolt (1660) [2][3][4][5][6]

Malong Revolt (1660-1661) [2][3][4][5][6]

1661 Ilocano Revolt (1661) [2][3][4][5][6]

1662 Chinese revolt of 1662 [2][3][4][5][6]

1663 8 September

Diego de Salcedo appointed Governor-General (1663-1668).

Tapar Revolt (1663) [2][3][4][5][6]

166828 September

Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz appointed Governor-General (1668-1669).

166924 September

Manuel de León appointed Governor-General (1669-1677).

1677 21 September

Francisco Coloma appointed Governor-General (1677) by the Audiencia Real.

21 September

Francisco Sotomayor y Mansilla appointed Governor-General (1677-1678) by the Audiencia Real.

167828 September

Juan de Vargas y Hurtado appointed Governor-General (1678-1684).

1680 May 12University of Santo Tomas placed under Royal Patronage by King Charles II of Spain.

[16][17]

1681 Sambal Revolt (1681-1683) [2][3][4][5][6]

1684 24 August Gabriel de Curuzealegui y Arriola appointed Governor-General (1684-1689).1686 Tingco plot (1686)

1689 AprilAlonso de Avila Fuertes appointed Governor-General (1689-1690) by the Audiencia Real

1690 25 July Fausto Cruzat y Gongora appointed Governor-General (1690-1701).

18th century

Year Date Event Reference

17018 December

Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri appointed Governor-General (1701-1709).

1709 25 August Martín de Urzua y Arismendi appointed Governor-General (1709-1715).1715 4 February Jose Torralba appointed Governor-General (1715-1717) by the Audiencia Real.

1717 9 AugustFernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda appointed Governor-General (1717-1719).

1718 Rivera Revolt (1718) [2][3][4][5][6]

1719 11 October

Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta of Manila becomes acting Governor-General (1719-1721).Caragay Revolt (1719) [2][3][4][5][6]

1721 6 August Toribio José Cosio y Campo appointed Governor-General (1721-1729).1722 Colegio de San Jose conferred with the title Royal.1729 14 August Fernándo Valdés y Tamon appointed Governor-General (1729-1739).1739 July Gaspar de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1739-1745).1744 Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829)1745 21

SeptemberArchbishop Juan Arrechederra of Manila becomes acting Governor-General (1745-1750).Agrarian Revolt (1745-1746) [2][3][4][5][6]

1750 20 July Jose Francisco de Obando y Solis appointed Governor-General (1750-1754).1754 15 May Mt Taal emits magma and destroys the towns of Lipa, Sala, Tanauan and Talisay.

26 July Pedro Manuel de Arandia Santisteban appointed Governor-General (1754-1759).1759 June Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta appointed Governor-General (1759-1761).1761 July Archbishop Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra of Manila Manilaappointed Governor-

General (1761-1762).1762 Silang Revolt (1762-63)

Palaris Revolt (1762-1765)Camarines Revolt (1762-1764)Cebu Revolt (1762-1764)British forces looted and plundered many of Manila establishments through the so-called Rape of Manila.

22 September

British fleet entered seizes Manila Bay as part of the Seven Years War

5 October Manila fell under the British rule; start of the British occupation.

6 OctoberSimón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-General (1762-17614) by the Real Audiencia. Provisional Government established in Bacolor, Pampanga with de Anda as dictator.

2 November

The British East India Company commissioned The Rt Hon. Dawsonne Drake became the first British governor-general of the Philippines until 1764.

1763 Dabo and Marayac Revolt (1763)Isabela Revolt (1763).

10 February

Treaty of Paris implicitly returns Manila to Spain.

28 MayDeaths of Gabriela Silang, the only Filipina to have led a revolt, and her husband Diego.

176417 March

de Anda hands over the control of the colonial government to Francisco Javier de la Torre, newly appointed Governor-General (1764-1765)

11 JuneThe last of the British ships that sailed to Manila leaves the Philippines for India, ending the British occupation.

176510 February

Royal Fiscal of Manila Don Francisco Léandro de Viana writes the famous letter to King Charles III of Spain, later called as "Viana Memorial of 1765". The document advised the king to abandon the colony due to the economic and social devastation created by the Seven Years' War. The suggestion was not heeded.

6 July José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez appointed Governor-General (1765-1770)Governor Raon orders the minting of parallelogramic-shaped coins called barrillas, the first coined minted in the Philippines.

1769 23 July

The Society of Jesus in the Philippines is expelled by Raón after receiving a dated later from Charles III's chief minister Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea on March 1, 1767. The Jesuit's Properties are confiscated by the Spanish Colonial Government

1770 July Simón de Anda y Salazar appointed Governor-General (1770-1776)

1771Moro pirates traveled all over the country and raids many fishing villages in Manila Bay, Mariveles, Parañaque, Pasay and Malate.

17749 November

Parishes secularized by order of King Charles III of Spain.

177630 October

Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General (1776-1778)

1778 July José Basco y Vargas appointed Governor-General (1778-1787)

1780

Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos del Pais de Filipinas (Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines) introduced in the Philippines to offer local and foreign scholarships and professorships to Filipinos, and financed trips of scientists from Spain to the Philippines

1783 Bishop Mateo Joaquin de Arevalo of Cebu establishes the Colegio-Seminario de

San Carlos(later renamed as the University of San Carlos) from the old building of the defunct Colegio de San Ildefonso, which was closed down in 1769 after the suppression of the Jesuits.

1785 Lagutao Revolt (1785).20 May University of Santo Tomas granted Royal Title by King Charles III of Spain. [16][17]

178722 September

Pedro de Sarrio appointed Governor-General (1787-1788)

1788 Ilocos Norte Revolt (1788).2 April Birth of the greatest Tagalog poet from Bulacan Francisco "Balagtas" Baltazar.1 July Félix Berenguer de Marquina appointed Governor-General (1788-1793)

17931 September

Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León appointed Governor-General (1793-1806)

19th century

Year Date Event Reference1805 Nueva Vizcaya Revolt (1805)1806 7 August Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1806-1810)1807 Ambaristo Revolt (1807)

1808 MayFrench Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte installs his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain.

1809 22 JanuaryKing Joseph Bonaparte gives Filipinos Spanish Citizenship and grants the colony representation in the Spanish Cortes

1810 4 March Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar appointed Governor-General (1806-1813)1812 19 March The Spanish Cortes promulgates the Cadiz Constitution

24 September

The first Philippine delegates to the Spanish Cortes, Pedro Perez de Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto take their oath of office in Madrid, Spain.

1813 4 September

José Gardoqui Jaraveitia appointed Governor-General (1806-1816)

17 March The Cadiz Constitution implemented in Manila16 October

Napoleon is defeated in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig

Octoberr British General Duke of Wellington drives the Napoleonic forces out of Spain

1814Ferdinand VII proclaimed as King of Spain; Conservatives return to the Spanish Cortes

1815 18 June Napoleon is defeated in Waterloo15 October

Napoleon is exiled in St. Helena's Island

1816 Cadiz Constitution is rejected by the conservative government and Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes is abolished

10 December

Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1816-1822)

182230 October

Juan Antonio Martínez appointed Governor-General (1822-1825)

182514 October

Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca appointed Governor-General (1825-1830)

1828 Earthquake strikes Manila destroying many of its buildings1830 23 Pascual Enrile y Alcedo appointed Governor-General (1830-1835)

DecemberManila is opened to the world market

1835 1 March Gabriel de Torres appointed Governor-General (1835)23 April Joaquín de Crámer appointed Governor-General (1835)9 September

Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona appointed Governor-General (1835)

Chamber of Commerce is formed1837 27 August Andrés García Camba appointed Governor-General (1837-1838)

Manila is made an open port.1838 29

DecemberLuis Lardizábal appointed Governor-General (1838-1841)

Florante at Laura is published.

184114 February

Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri appointed Governor-General (1841-1843)

1843 17 June Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1843-1844)1844 16 July Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa appointed Governor-General (1844-1849)

184926 December

Antonio María Blanco appointed Governor-General (1849-1850)

1850 29 July Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía appointed Governor-General (1850-1853)

18524 December

Glowing avalanche from Mt Hibok-Hibok.

185320 December

Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1853-1854)

1854 2 February Manuel Pavía y Lacy appointed Governor-General (1854)28 October

Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1854)

20 November

Manuel Crespo y Cebrían appointed Governor-General (1854)

18565 December

Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1856-1857)

1857 12 January Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero appointed Governor-General (1857-1860)1859 Jesuits return to the Philippines

Jesuits takes over the Escuela Municipal and establishes the Ateneo Municipal1860 12 January Ramón María Solano y Llanderal appointed Governor-General (1860)

29 August Juan Herrera Dávila appointed Governor-General (1860-1861)1861

2 FebruaryJosé Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González appointed Governor-General (1861-1862)Jose Rizal, Philippines' National Hero is born.Escuela de Artes Y Oficios de Bacolor established as Asia's oldest vocational school.

1862 7 July Salvador Valdés appointed Governor-General (1862)9 July Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham appointed Governor-General (1862-1865)

1863 3 June An earthquake leaves Manila in ruins1865 University of Santo Tomas made the center for public instruction throughout the

Philippines by royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain.

[16][17]

Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Manila Observatory) established by the Jesuits

24 March Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1862-1865)

25 April Juan de Lara e Irigoyen appointed Governor-General (1862-1865)1866 13 July José Laureano de Sanz y Posse appointed Governor-General (1866)

21 September

Juan Antonio Osorio appointed Governor-General (1866)

27 September

Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866)

26 October

José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1866-1869)

1867Colegio de Santa Isabel established in Naga by Bishop Francisco Gainza, OP of Nueva Caceres, through the royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain.

1869 17 November

Suez Canal opened

Colegio de Santa Isabel inaugurated as the first Normal School in Southeast Asia7 June Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866)23 June José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1869-1871)

1871 The Gabinete de Fisica of the University of Santo Tomas established as the first Museum in the Philippines.

[16][17]

The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas is established as the first schools of Medicine and Pharmacy in the Philippines.

[16][17]

4 April Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez appointed Governor-General (1871-1873)1872 200 Filipino soldiers stage a mutiny in Cavite.

17 February

Priests Mariano Gomez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (together known as Gomburza) are implicated in the Cavite Mutiny and executed.

1873 8 January Manuel MacCrohon appointed Governor-General (1873)24 January Juan Alaminos y Vivar appointed Governor-General (1873-1874)

1874 17 March Manuel Blanco Valderrama acting appointed Governor-General (1874)18 June José Malcampo y Monje appointed Governor-General (1874-1877)

1875The Colegio de San Jose incorporated into the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas.

[24][25][16][17]

187728 February

Domingo Moriones y Murillo appointed Governor-General (1877-1880)

1880 20 March Rafael Rodríguez Arias appointed Governor-General (1880)15 April Fernando Primo de Riverae appointed Governor-General (1880-1883)(1st Term)

Manila is connected through telegraphic cable Europe by Eastern Telecom.

18 JulyTwo shocks of an earthquake create destruction from Manila to Santa Cruz, Luguna. Tremors continue until Aug 6

1882 3 March Jose Rizal leaves for Spain to continue his medical studies2 June Jose Rizal begins writing the Noli Me Tangere(novel)

1883 10 March Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1883). (First Term)7 April Joaquín Jovellar appointed Governor-General (1883-1885)

1884 Required forced labor of 40 days a year is reduced to 15 days by the Spanish Colonial Government.

21 June Rizal finishes his medical studies in Spain1885 1 April Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1885). (First Term)

4 April Emilio Terrero y Perinat appointed Governor-General (1885-1888)1887 29 May Noli Me Tangere published.

October Rizal starts writing the El FilibusterismoThe Manila School of Agriculture is established.

1888 10 March Antonio Molto becomes acting Governor-General (1888)Federico Lobaton becomed acting Governor-General (1888)Valeriano Wéyler appointed Governor-General (1888-1891)

10 December

La Solidaridad established

1891 28 March Rizal finishes writing El Filibusterismo in Biarritz, FranceEl Filibusterismo published in Ghent, BelgiumEulogio Despujol appointed Governor-General (1891-1893)

1892 26 June Rizal arrives in the Philippines from Europe via Hong Kong3 July Rizal forms the La Liga Filipina7 July Rizal is arrested for establishing the La Liga Filipina17 July Rizal is exiled to Dapitan

1893 10 March Federico Ochando becomes acting Governor-General (1893)Ramón Blanco appointed Governor-General (1893-1896)

1894 8 July Bonifacio forms the Katipunan1896

1 JulyRizal is recruited as a physician for the Spanish Army in Cuba by Governor Ramon Blanco

6 August Rizal returns to Manila from Cuba

19 AugustThe Katipunan discovered by the Spanish Colonial Government. Katipuneros flee to Balintawak

23 AugustRevolution is proclaimed by Bonifacio at the Cry of Balintawak. Katipuneros tear up their cedulas

26 AugustAndres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other Katipuneros board Rizal's ship to Barcelona. They offer his rescue but Rizal refused

30 AugustRevolutionary Battle at San Juan del Monte. Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims a state of war in Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.

2 September

Rizal Boards the ship Isla de Panay for Barcelona

3 October Rizal arrives at Barcelona4 October Rizal is imprisoned in Montjuich by order of Capt. Gen. Despujo6 October Rizal returns to Manila as a prisoner31 October

A new group of the Katipunan is formed in Cavite headed by Emilio Aguinaldo

13 November

Rizal arrives in Manila and incarcerated in Fort Santiago

20 November

Rizal is interrogated for charges against the Spanish Colonial Government

13 December

Camilo Polavieja becomes acting Governor-General (1896-1897)

30 December

Rizal is executed at Bagumbayan

1897 22 March The Katipunan holds its election. Emilio Aguinaldo is elected as president15 April José de Lachambre becomes acting Governor-General (1897)23 April Fernando Primo de Rivera appointed Governor-General (1897-1898)29 April Katipuneros arrest Andres Bonifacio and his brothers Procopio and Ciriaco on

orders of Aguinaldo with sedition and treason before a military court of the Katipunan.

8 May The Katipunan convicts and sentences Bonifacio brothers to death

10 MayAndres Bonifacio and his brothers are executed at Mt. Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite.

31 MayAguinaldo establishes a Philippine republican government in Biak-na-Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan.

10 AugustAguinaldo begins negotiating with the Spaniards colonial government in Manila with Pedro Paterno as representative.

15 August A 7.9 intensity estimated earthquake hits Luzon's northwest coast1 November

Constitution of Biak-na-Bato ratified

14 December

Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Aguinaldo and Governor Primo de Rivera signed

27 December

Aguinaldo is self-exiled to Hong Kong following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato

1898 8 February The Katipunan is revived by Emilio Jacinto and Feliciano Jocson11 April Basilio Augustín appointed Governor-General (1898)

24 AprilThe US government promises support in exchange for his cooperation. Aguinaldo agrees

26 April The US declares war on Spain.1 May Commodore George Dewey attacks Manila19 May Aguinaldo and his companions return to the Philippines from exile

24 MayAguinaldo proclaims a dictatorial government and issues two decrees which show his trust and reliance in US protection

12 June Aguinaldo proclaims Philippine Independence23 June Aguinaldo changes the dictatorial government to revolutionary government.15 July Aguinaldo creates a cabinet15 July The Malolos Congress in established17 July US reinforcements and troops arrive in the Philippines.24 July Fermín Jáudenes becomes acting Governor-General (1898)13 August Francisco Rizzo becomes acting Governor-General (1898)13 August Wesley Merritt appointed Military Governor (1898)14 August The Spanish surrenders to the US after at mock battle of Manila29 August Elwell S. Otis appointed Military Governor (1898-1900)September Diego de los Ríos becomes acting Governor-General (1898)15 September

The Malolos Congress meets and elects its officers.

10 December

Spain and the US sign the Treaty of Paris. Article III provides for the cession of the Philippines to the US by Spain and the payment of 20 million dollars to Spain by the US.

21 December

US President McKinley issues the Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation

189920 January

US President McKinley appoints the First Philippine Commission, known as the Schurrman Commission

21 January The Malolos Constitution is promulgated by Aguinaldo.

23 JanuaryThe Malolos Republic government is inaugurated. Aguinaldo takes his oath of office as President.

4 February Hostilities break out between the Filipino and US forces.6 February The US Senate ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Spain

4 March The Schurrman Commission arrives in Manila6 May Aguinaldo creates a new cabinet20 May Aguinaldo's moves face opposition from Apolinario Mabini and Antonio Luna5 June Antonio Luna assassinated

1900 21 January The Schurrman Commission returns to the US.

16 MarchUS President McKinley appoints the second Philippine Commission, known as the Taft Commission

5 May Arthur MacArthur, Jr appointed Military Governor (1900-1901)3 June The Taft Commission arrives in Manila23 December

Partido Liberal established

20th century

Year Date Event Reference1901

2 MarchThe Army Appropriation Act, also known as the Spooner Amendment, is passed by the US Senate.

23 March Aguinaldo is captured by US authorities.1 April Aguinaldo takes an oath of allegiance to the US.17 June El Colegio de San Beda established4 July Adna Chaffee appointed as the last US Military Governor (1901-1902)

4 JulyA civil government is established in the Philippines with William Howard Taft as the first Civil Governor (1901-1904)

18 July The US organizes the Philippine Constabulary

28 AugustSilliman Institute, later known as Silliman University, is established as the first American university in the Philippines

September The first Filipino members of the second Philippine Commission are appointed27 September

Guerillas, headed by the Filipino Captain Daza, attack the US military barracks in Balangiga, Samar

28 September

Balangiga massacre occurs

20 OctoberA U.S. Marine battalion arrives on Samar to conduct the March across Samar operation

4 November

The Philippine Commission enacts the Sedition Law

14 December

An earthquake estimated of magnitude 7.8 shakes Lucena City.

1902January

The first labor union of The Country, Union de Litografose Impresores de Filipinas, is organized.

21 JanuaryThe Philippine Commission calls for the organization of Public Schools in the Philippines.

30 March The US Marines leave Balangiga16 April General Miguel Malvar surrenders to the US forces

MayGovernor Taft negotiates with Pope Leo XIII the sale of the friar lands in the Philippines

July Philippine Commission passes the Philippine Organic Act1 July Cooper Act is passed by the US Senate. Philippine Assembly is established4 July Americans proclaim the end of the Philippine-American War, however

fighting continues17 September

Pope Leo XIII formally bestows a Pontifical title on the University of Santo Tomas

[16][17]

12 November

Bandolerism Act passed by the Philippine Commission. All armed resistance against US rule are considered banditry

1903 Governor Taft enunciates the policy of The Philippines for the Filipinos1904 1 February Luke Edward Wright appointed as Civil Governor (1904-1905)

19 OctoberThe Manila Business School is renamed the Philippine School of Commerce (later the Polytechnic University of the Philippines).

19053 November

Henry Clay Ide appointed as Civil Governor (1905-1906)

1906 20 September

James Francis Smith appointed as Civil Governor (1906-1909)

3 DecemberSt. Scholastica's College established by the Benedictine Missionary Sisters of Tutzing

1907 3 June Centro Escolar University established as Centro Escolar de Señoritas.30 June First Congressional Elections held

1908 18 June The University of the Philippines is established in Manila.1911 27 January Mt Taal erupts, and kills 1,334 people

16 JuneDe La Salle University-Manila is founded as De La Salle College by the Brothers of Christian Schools.

28 December

Tricentennial of the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas [16][17]

1913 1 September

Newton W. Gilbert appointed as acting Civil Governor (1913)

6 October Francis Burton Harrison appointed as Civil Governor (1913-1921)

1914 27 JulyIglesia ni Cristo (largest independent church in Asia) is registered to the government.

1916 16 October The Jones Law is passed establishing an all-Filipino legislature

16 OctoberManuel Quezon elected Senate President while Sergio Osmenna is elected as House Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of the Philippines

1917 11 January The first cabinet of Filipinos under the US regime is organized.10 March Ambos Camarines Dissolved; Split into Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur.

1921 5 March Charles Yeater appointed as acting Civil Governor (1921)14 October Leonard Wood appointed as Civil Governor (1921-1927)

1927 7 August Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1927)27 December

Henry L. Stimson appointed as Civil Governor (1927-1929)

1929 23 February Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1929)8 July Dwight F. Davis appointed as Civil Governor (1929-1932)

193030 November

The Communist Party of the Philippines is formally established

1932 9 January George C. Butte appointed as acting Civil Governor (1932)29 February Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. appointed as Civil Governor (1932-1933)

20 JuneAdamson School of Industrial Chemistry (ASIC) later known as Adamson University was founded by George Lucas Adamson

26 The

October

Communist Party of the Philippines is declared illegal by the Supreme Court

1933 15 JulyFrank Murphy appointed as the last Civil Governor of the Philippines (1933-1935)

193424 March

The Tydings-McDuffie Law, known as the Philippine Independence Law, is approved by US President Roosevelt.

10 July202 delegates are elected to the Constitutional Convention in accordance with the Tydings-McDuffie Law

30 July The Philippine Constitutional Convention is inaugurated1935 8 February The Constitutional Convention creates a new constitution

15 February The Philippine Constitution is signed14 May The Philippine electorate ratifies the Constitution in a referendum17 September

Manuel Quezon elected President in the first Philippine Presidential elections

15 November

The Philippine Commonwealth is inaugurated

15 November

The Office of Civil Governor is abolished

1941 11 November

Manuel Quezon re-elected as President

8 December Start of the Japanese Invasion of the Philippines20 December

President Quezon, his family and the war cabinet move to Corregidor Island

26 December

General MacArthur declares Manila an open city

28 December

Filipino and US armies retreat to Bataan

30 December

Manuel Quezon takes his oath of Office at the Corregidor Island

1942 2 January Japanese troops enters Manila3 January Masaharu Homma appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942)

3 JanuaryGeneral Masaharu Homma declares the end of American Rule in the Philippines

3 January Martial Law declared

13 JanuaryAll forms of opposition against the Japanese forces declared subject to death penalty

23 JanuaryAn executive committee, composed of Filipinos, is formed by General Homma as a conduit of the military administration's policies and requirements.

17 FebruaryThe Japanese Military Government issues an order adopting the Japanese educational system in The Country

20 February President Quezon and the war cabinet leave for the US11 March General MacArthur leaves for Australia to take command of the South Western

Pacific Area

13 March The Commonwealth government is moved to the US

29 MarchThe People's Anti-Japanese Army or Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (Hukbalahap) is organized.

AprilA pro-US resistance movement is organized, mainly to provide data to the US on enemy positions

9 AprilBataan, under US commander General Edward King, is the last province that surrenders to the Japanese armies.

26 May Corregidor Island falls to Japanese forces8 June Shizuichi Tanaka appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942-1943)

14 JuneThe Commonwealth of the Philippines becomes a member of the United Nations

30 December

The Kalibapi is organized by the Japanese

1943 28 May Shigenori Kuroda appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1943-1942)

20 JuneJapanese Premier Hideki Tojo nominates an all Filipino 20 member Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence

4 September

The Philippine Preparatory Commission for Independence drafts a new Constitution which provides for a unicameral national assembly

20 September

The 108 delegates to the National Assembly are chosen by the members of the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence.

September Jose P. Laurel elected President of the Philippines by the National Assembly14 October The puppet government is inaugurated. Laurel takes his oath of officeNovember The Philippine economy collapses, the shortage of rice becomes serious.

1944 May The puppet government inaugurates the Green Revolution Movement.

1 AugustSergio Osmena assumes the Office of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines after the death of Manuel Quezon

21 September

US forces raids Manila

26 September

Tomoyuki Yamashita appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1944-1945)

20 OctoberGeneral MacArthur lands in Palo, Leyte, accompanied by President Sergio Osmena and US troops

23 OctoberThe Commonwealth government of the Philippines is re-established in Tacloban, Leyte

8 DecemberPro-Japanese Philippine generals Pio Duran and Benigno Ramos organize the Makapilis

1945 4 February US troops enter Manila22 February Hukbalahap troop leaders arrested by the US forces

24 FebruaryThe Battle of Manila ends. The Japanese surrender to the combined US and Filipino troops

27 February MacArthur hands over Malacanang Palace to Osmena.3 March The US and Filipino troops recaptured Manila.

22 MarchThe families of pro-Japanese President Laurel and Speaker Aquino leave The Country for Japan to seek refuge

5 June The Congress elected in 1941 convenes for the first time5 July General MacArthur announces the liberation of the Philippines6 August The American forces drop an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan.9 August The American forces an atomic bomb over Nagasaki, Japan.

15 August The Empire of Japan accepts defeat12 September

Jose P. Laurel is arrested by the US army

DecemberManuel Roxas separates from the Nacionalista Party of Sergio Osmena Sr and joins the Liberal Party

1946 20 April Manuel Roxas wins in the last Presidential Election under the Commonwealth

4 JulyThe United States recognizes the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines

30 September

The Amended Tenancy Act is promulgated.

1947 28 January President Roxas issues an amnesty proclamation to collaborators6 March HUKBAHALAP declared illegal

15 AprilPresident Roxas dies from a heart attack at Clark Air Field; Vice President Quirino Assumes the Office of President

17 April Elpidio Quirino takes his oath of office as President of the Philippines8 September

The Philippine representative to the Far Eastern Commission, Carlos P. Romulo, signs the Japanese Peace Treaty

1950 31 AugustPresident Quirino appoints Ramon Magsaysay as Secretary of the Department of National Defense

1951 August The National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) is established1953 10

NovemberRamon Magsaysay is elected President of the Republic of the Philippines

30 December

Magsaysay takes his oath of office

195421 July

The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty is signed in Manila, creating the South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)

15 December

The Laurel-Langley Agreement is signed

195717 March

President Magsaysay dies in a plane crash; Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia assumes the presidency

14 November

Carlos P. Garcia elected President of the Republic of the Philippines

1958 28 August The Filipino first policy is promulgated1961 7 December Diosdado Macapagal elected President of the Republic of the Philippines

30 December

Macapagal takes his oath of office

1965 9 November

Ferdinand Marcos elected President of the Republic of the Philippines

30 December

Ferdinand Marcos takes his oath of office

196826 December

A new Communist Party of the Philippines established by Jose Sison

196929 March

Jos Sison formally organizes the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines, The New People's Army

7 November

Ferdinand Marcos re-elected President of the Republic of the Philippines

197017 November

Elections for 315 members of a Constitutional Convention held.

1971 1 June The Constitutional Convention assembles to rewrite the 1935 Constitution. The

Convention elects former President Carlos Garcia as its head.

14 JuneGarcia dies and former President Diosdado Macapagal takes over the top position at the Convention.

21 August Plaza Miranda bombed during the election campaign of the Liberal Party22 August President Marcos suspends the Writ of Habeas Corpus

1972 Suspicious bombing incidents increase all over The Country . The MNLF launches its campaign for the independence of the Muslim provinces.

21 September

President Marcos signs the Martial Law Edict (at that time not publicly announced).

22 September

Marcos places the entire country under martial law

23 September

Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. is arrested

23 September

The implementation of martial law is officially announced

26 September

The whole country is proclaimed a land reform area and an Agrarian Reform Program is decreed.

21 October Marcos passes the Tenant's Emancipation Patent21 October The first major armed defiance of martial law takes place in Lanao del Sur

22 OctoberThe battle between the MNLF and the government troops ends with the latter regaining control of the city.

29 November

The Constitutional Convention passes the new Constitution of the Philippines.

1973 Misuari leaves The Country for Libya to solicit armed support from Muslim countries for the war in Mindanao.

10 JanuaryA plebiscite referendum is held among the citizens' assemblies to ratify the new Constitution

AprilThe National Democratic Front (NDF), the united front organization of the Communist Party of the Philippines, is formally organized.

27 July Marcos' term as President extended by virtue of a referendum1974

27 FebruaryPresidential appointments to local elective positions declared legal by virtue of another referendum

1 DecemberJose Sison's essay entitled Specific Characteristics of Our People's War published

1976 4 January New people's Army Spokesman Satur Ocampo arrested26 August Kumander Dante of the New People's Army arrested16 October Martial Law allowed to exted by virtue of a Plebicte23 December

Tripoli Agreement signed

17 AugustAn earthquake of 7.8 magnitude and a following tsunami (flood wave) kills 8,000 people on and off the coast of Mindanao.

197720 January

The Armed Forces of the Philippines enters into a ceasefire agreement with the MNLF.

4 MarchPresident Marcos issues a decree creating the autonomous Bangsa Moro Islamic Government

10 November

The CPP head Jose Maria Sison arrested

16 December

A referendum is held, the result of which again empowers the President to continue in office, and to become Prime Minister as well.

1978 Rodolfo Salas takes over the leadership of the Communist Party of the Philippines.

8 April Members of the Interim Batasang Pambansa are elected.1983 August 21 Benigno Aquino, Jr. assassinated1984 Philippine parliamentary election, 19841986 February 6 Philippine presidential election, 1986

EDSA Revolution ousts President Marcos; Corazon Aquino becomes president1987 Philippine legislative election, 19871991 Senate rejects renewal of U.S military bases in the Philippines1992 Philippine general election, 1992 (Fidel V. Ramos is elected)1995 Philippine general election, 19951997 Asian financial crisis1998 Philippine general election, 1998 (Joseph Estrada is elected)

Centennial of Philippines Independence2000 President Estrada declares an "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic

Liberation Front (MILF).President Estrada impeached by House of Representatives

21st century

Year Date Event Reference2001 EDSA II Revolution ousts Joseph Estrada; vice-president Gloria

Macapagal-Arroyo becomes presidentEDSA IIIPhilippine general election, 2001

2003 Oakwood mutiny

2004Philippine general election, 2004 (Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo elected to a six-year term)

2005Hello Garci scandal (Legitimacy of declared election winners questioned)

2006A state of emergency was declared in February in response to coup rumours.

2007 Philippine general election, 2007Manila Peninsula mutiny

2009 Three International Committee of the Red Cross volunteers were kidnapped by the rebel group Abu SayyafDeath of former president Corazon Aquino.Great Flood because of Typhoon Ondoy

23 November

Maguindanao massacre

201010 May

The 2010 Philippine general elections took place.

9 JunePresident-elect Benigno Aquino III won the Presidential election, being the 15th President of the Philippines.

30 JuneInauguration of the President-elect Benigno Aquino III took place, officially declaring him as the 15th President of the Philippines.

23 August The hostage crisis in Manila took place, killing eight Hong Kong

holidaymakers.

16 October

Typhoon Juan, officially as Typhoon Megi, hits northeastern Luzon at Sierra Madre, creating widespread damage over Luzon. (to 18 October)

December Vizconde Massacre Case Finished.Result Webb's FreedomDecember Philippine New Banknotes Released

2012 15 October

The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro is signed which seeks for the creation of a new autonomous political entity, Bangsamoro replacing the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao.