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박종언 김연지 김다혜
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Timeline of Cambodian history
The origins of the Khmers
Prehistory of Cambodia
Evidence of pots dating back to 4200 B.C.
Stable, organised societies that spoke languages similar to present day Khmer by 1st century A.D.
Khmer people were some of the first people to adopt religious and political ideas from India.
Funan Period
1st to 6th Century
Cambodia composed of a
collection of small states –
Funan was one
Funan was a major sea port – major role in transmission of culture into Cambodia including the introduction of Hinduism.
Chenla Period
6th to 8th century
Another one of the states that
existed during the Funan period
Gained independence and conquered Funan
When the king governing this empire (Jayavarman I) died, the kingdom was divided into Land Chenla and Water Chenla
Khmer Empire/Angkorian Era
9th-13th century
King Jayavarman II brought the remnants of Chenla together under his control
The famous Angkor Wat was built during this era by King Suryavaman II as a devotion
to a Hindu god, Vishnu
Jayavarman VII was
another King that existed
during this era Mahayana Buddhist
Around 13th century,
Theravada Buddhism was
introduced by monks from
Sri-Lanka which eventually
became the prominent religion in
Angkor
Dark Ages of Cambodia
After the death of King Jayavarman VII
– empire experienced great decline
Angkorian kingdom lost control of the
peripheries
Involved in power struggle between Vietnam and Siam/Thailand
French Colonial Period
1863 – King Norodom signed treaty with French to establish protectorate and eventually became a colony of the French
WWII also occurred during this era and the Japanese empire occupied much of Cambodia during 1941-1945
Eventually the French governor general enthroned Norodom Sihanouk as king thinking he was easy to manipulate
However Sihanouk helped Cambodia gain independence from the French in 1953
Pol Pot• Born in 1925 and died in 1998
• Leader of Khmer Rouge
• Member of French Communist Party
• Became leader of Cambodia in 1975
Khmer Rouge
Motto- To keep you is no benefit. To destroy you is no loss
Attempts at agricultural reform which led to famine, diseases and death
Killed many intellectuals, city dwellers, minority people
Approximately 2.1 million people died (21% of the Cambodian population)
Year Zero
Cambodia; Phnom Penh taken over by Pol Pot
Drastic revolution:
All moved to the countryside to become agricultural workers. Money becomes worthless, basic freedoms are curtailed and religion is banned.
genocide
The total death toll during the next
three years is estimated to be at
least 1.7 million.
Idea behind year zero?
1975:
Cambodia re-named Kampuchea
1976:
Re-titled Democratic Kampuchea
1977:
War with Vietnam
1978:
Vietnam invades Cambodia
1979:
Vietnamese forces take Phnom Penh. Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge troops
flee.
The people’s republic of Kampuchea is establied.
1989:
Vietnamese troops withdraw and the country is re-named the state of Cambodia.
Uneasy Peace
1991 - A peace agreement is signed in Paris. Sihanouk becomes head of state.
1993 - The monarchy is restored, Sihanouk becomes king again. The country is re-named the Kingdom of
Cambodia.
The government-in-exile loses its seat at the UN.
1994 - Thousands of Khmer Rouge guerrillas
surrender in government amnesty.
1996 - Deputy leader of Khmer Rouge Ieng
Sary forms a new party and is granted
amnesty by Sihanouk.
1998:
Pol Pot dies
2004:
Norodom Sihamoni son of Shihanouk becomes king.
2005:
Tribunal to try Khmer Rouge leaders gets green light from UN.
Many Khmer Rouge leaders are tried and given varies punishments.