The Timeline

HISTORY OF GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ

GIMNAZJUM IM. ANNY WAZWÓNY GOLUB-DOBRZYŃ

POLAND

The history of Golub dates back to the 8th century. There was a first

settlement then on the River Drwęca. It was captured in 1231 by a few Teutonic

troops.

Golub was a bridge-head situated at the borderline of the Chełmińska Land and

it was thought to protect against the Prussian assaults.

The village of Golub was

mentioned in written

sources for the first time (as villa Golube)1254

Golub with its vicinity was handed over to Wolimir, Bishop of Włocławek by the

Commander of Dzierzgoń,

Konrad Stange

1250

1260

1270

1280

18. IV 1293

Wisław, Bishop of Włocławek granted Golub to the Teutonic

Order

1295

1290

Teutonic earth

and timber fortifications were built

1296The Teutonic

knights started to

build a castle

1254 1293

Golub was granted

civic rights

1320

1330

1300

Foundation of the

Teutonic town

1340

1300

The first and main phase of

erecting a brick castle

was completed

Commander von Sack

played host to Siemowit,

Duke of Dobrzyń

1306 2.02. 1306

King Władysław Łokietek with

Lithuanian troops tried to seize the castle – in vain

1330 − 1332

The Teutonic Knights erected a castle in the years 1296-1306

Presbitery of Golub church

was built

1300 − 1320

Building of the nave of Golub church

1320 − 1350

1310

1410

1420

1430

1400 1440

During battle of Grunwald died, among others,

Mikołaj de Roder,

Commander of Golub1410

All the town rights were

confirmed by Grand Master

Michael Kuchmeister von

Sternberg

14211410

The First Treaty of Toruń returned the fortress and

town to the Teutons

1411

1409-1411 – The great Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War

King Vladislaus Jagellon’s

troops seized Golub

1410

1420

1430

1400 1440

The War of Golub

King Władysław Jagiełło captured the town and laid siege to the

fortress by cannonfire. The siege and defense were described by Jan

Długosz in his Annals.

He writes that the Teutons and Silesian regulars who helped them were forced to burn down the buildings behind the outer

defensive walls and kill the horses kept there. The defense of the high castle, which was bombarded by 14 cannons, also proved fruitless. The commander and 50 Teutonic knights fell, and 40 Silesian soldiers were

taken prisoners.

20 − 26. 08. 1422

1450

1460

1470

1440

1454

Golub was chosen to be the

seat of royal starosts

1454-1466 The Thirteen Years' War

Teutonic mercaneries took over the town by deceit but

the castle was defended for 2 years by a Czech troop loyal to the king and commanded

by Andrzej Puszkarz

Grot of Ostrów was the castle’s leaseholder

1455

The rule of commanders

ended

1456 1466

Golub became part of Poland as

a result of a peace treaty

signed in Toruń

1460

1510

1520

1530

1500 1540

1511

1540

By the order of the king Sigismund I the Old the castle was renovated by bishop Konopacki

For nearly 100 years the Golub Starosty is held by

the Kostka family

1524

Starosta Stanisław Kostka of Sztemberg

(Szymbark) initialized the

renovation of the castle1527

1560

1570

1580

1550 1590

1600

Jerzy Kostka became the Golub starost

1594

The town was handed to Jan Kostka, later the voivode of

Sandomierz, a senator, a candidate for the

throne of Poland, the castellan of Gdańsk, Grand Treasurer of

Prussia, steward of Malbork and secretary to the King Sigismund II

Augustus1555

On the strength of a family contract

Golub is passed to Krzysztof Kostka

1557

1610

1620

1630

1600 1640

Princess Anna Vasa, the sister of King

Sigismund III, ruled the Golub castle

1611 - 1625

Anna Vasa was an educated and intelligent woman, knew

six languages and took up many scientific fields, eg

botanics. She grew many rare plants in castle garden and

was the first to bring to Poland and grow... tobacco.

The meticulous reconstruction changed the Gothic walls into late-Renaissance facades: the

walls were topped with an attic, the square towers were replaced

by rounded ones, and the elevations

got new rectangular windows

1616 - 1623

1630

1640

1650

1620 1660

King Sigismund III Vasa

stayed in Golub

1623

6. 02. 1625

Princess Anna Vasa was dead

The castle remained in women’s hands –

Golub Starosty was assumed by Queen

Constance of Austria

1625 – 1631

The first Swedish invasion of the

castle1626

1626 - 1629Polish-Swedish War

The starosty was given to princess Anna Catherine

Constance1632 – 1638

1650

1660

1640

1670

The starosty was passed into the hands of Queen Cecilia Renata –

the wife of Władysław IV

Vasa

1638 – 1645

1655-1660Polish-Swedish War

11. 1655

Swedes occupy Golub for 2

years. The town was

damaged.

A town map of Golub by M. Haftka,

1655

13. 10. 1657

Golub was liberated by an allied imperial

army.

1690

1700

1680

1710

Dobrzyń was granted some privileges and the name of the Suburbs of Golub by Zygmunt Działyński, the

voivode of Kalisz

1684

The church tower was

destroyed in a thunderstorm

1720

1689

Golub from 1774

1700 – 1721 The Great

Northern War 1716

The town was damaged

1730

1740

1750

1720 1760

15. 06. 1721 Jakub Działyński

confirms the privileges of Przedmieście

Golubskie (Suburb of Golub)

and endows the settlement with new

land.

Marcin Działyński also confirms the privileges of

Dobrzyń.

The Seven Years' WarA destruction of the town

and the impoverishment of its citizens followed due to recession, robberies and

war contributions.

6. 08. 1740

1756–1763

1780

1790

1800

1770 1810

Count Ignacy Działyński gives the settlement

Przedmieście Golubskie Dobrzyń civic rightsand calls it Dobrzyń,

presenting the town with his family crest

1772

The First Partition

Golub included in Prussia.

17. 09. 1772 the town’s comissar was von Gaudi

1789

A Protestant congregation

was established1. 11. 1780

The congregation set about to building its

church, funded by King

Frederick II of Prussia

1782

18. 01. 1784

A ceremonial consecration of the

Protestant church with the participation of 800 colonists and a

military orchetsra from Toruń

1800

1810

1820

1790 1830

The Napoleonic army was

stationed in Golub

1806 – 1807

1793

The Second Partition – both towns

under Prussian

rule

The Third Partition

1795 1807 – 1815 Golub and Dobrzyń

remained part of the Duchy of Warsaw

The march of Napoleon

Bonaparte’s troops

1812 – 1813

Drwęca became a natural

border between Prussia and

Russia 23. 06. 1815 May 1815

Antoni Wybranicki becomes the

owner of Dobrzyń

Prussian administration

took over Golub

14. 11. 1815

1830

1840

1850

1820

1823 – 1827 Antoni Wybraniecki,

owner of a nearby estate in Sokołów, helps

financially to build the church in Dobrzyń

1860

Cholera epidemic in Golub

1831

Flood in Golub

1833

Cholera epidemic in

Golub

1853 Fire in Dobrzyń – a large square was marked

out in front of the church

1857

Golub, 2nd half of the 19th c.

1870

1880

1890

1860

A new church tower was erected

in Dobrzyń

1880

25. 07. 1886

1900

Fire consumed almost all northern

part of Golub

School building is

built1899

1893

Dobrzyń larger than Golub – with 201 houses and

3665 citizens: 1212 Poles, 94 Germans and 2359 Jews,

whereas Golub had 2893 citizens

1910

1920

1930

1900 1931

28. 07. 1914 Outbreak of WW I

German soldiers from Golub broke the gate

on the bridge over the Drwęca and entered Dobrzyń

A protestant church was

built in Golub

1909

Emperor Wilhelm II, fond of Teutonic

architecture, found the means to renovate the

castle1907

1920

19301910

General Józef Haller’s Blue

Army marched into Dobrzyń

16. 01. 1920

1931

Crossing the river, the army marched into Golub and was

enthusiastically greeted by its

citizens

January 1920

17. 01. 1920

The town was finally returned to Poland

August 1920

Golub was attacked by

the Red Army

1933

19341932

1935

1936

1937

1938

Renovation of the roof and

some rooms for the museum

were carried out at the castle

1937

Old Dobrzyn City Map

Dobrzyń before WW II

1938

1938

1939

19421940

1941

The German police arrested 20 Polish citizens of Dobrzyń and about 230-260 Jews and deported them to Bydgoszcz.

The Jews of Dobrzyń were shot a few weeks later.

1943

1939 – 1945 The Nazi Occupation, the mass murder of Jews in Golub and

Dobrzyń, the ruin of the Polish intelligenstia, the forcible enrolment

on German People’s List (a. 90% of the town’s citizens)

14. 09. 1939

November 1939 Another transport of Jews from Golub and Dobrzyń – they died,

among others, in death camps and the

Warsaw Ghetto

Autumn 1939

About 250 citizens of Dobrzyń and Golub were imprisoned, including all priests of both parishes

1940

1941

19441942

1943

1945

1943-1944

Three synagogues (two in Dobrzyń), the former school and Jewish bath

were taken apart

A training camp was organised

for Hitlerjugend at the castle

1941–1944

23 stycznia 1945

Towns Golub i Dobrzyń

were liberated 1939-1942

German invaders destroyed

numerous houses in the Jewish

part of Dobrzyń

1950

1960

1970

1945 1980

A public library was opened in

Golub

Golub and Dobrzyń were

united to make one city

Golub-Dobrzyń was the seat of

the powiat

Reconstruction works at the Golub

Castle were executed

1948

01.01.1956 – 31.05.1975 1959 – 1969

05.05.1951 1962A school building

(presently housing

School ComplexNo. 1) was

opened

1. 01. 1990

1980

1990

2000

1970 2010

The Powiat of Golub-

Dobrzyń was established

Polish President

Aleksander Kwaśniewski

stayedin Golub-Dobrzyń07.2001

Building a 2nd bridge

over the Drwęca

New Fire Brigade

Headquarters was

opened

05.2003

1986-1988