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Time Use Statistics
Margarita F GuerreroUNESCAP Regional Adviser on Statistics
Inter-regional Workshop on the Production of Gender Statistics6-10 August 2007New Delhi, India
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AloneChildren age 0-9
Other hh member
Others
07.00-0.710 Woke up the children x home07.10-07.20 Had breakfast Talked with my family x x07.20-07.30 ..".. ..".. x x07.30-07.40 Cleared the table Listened to the radio x07.40-07.50 Helped the children dressing Talked with my children x07.50-08.00 Went to the day care centre, by foot ..".. x travel-on foot08.00-08.10 By bus to job Read the newspaper x travel-by bus08.10-08.20 By bus to job ..".. x08.20-08.30 Regular work x working place08.30-08.40 x08.40-08.50 x08.50-09.00 x09.00-09.10 x09.10-09.20 x09.20-09.30 x09.30-09.40 x09.40-09.50 x09.50-10.00 x10.00-10.10 Break: had coffee Talked with a colleague x10.10-10.20 Regular work x working place
LocationTimePersons present
Main activity Secondary activity
Elements of Time Use Data
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What is time-use data?
reference population activity
wherewhere with whomwith whom for whom/purposefor whom/purpose
time duration number of episodes
context
for for how longhow long how oftenhow often
whowho does does whatwhat during a during a dayday
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Objectives of Data Collection
Measurement and analysis of quality of life or general well-being
Measurement and valuation of unpaid work
Improving estimates of all forms of work Policy analysis
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Analyses of Time Use Data
Allocation of time by activity and … Individual characteristics: sex and …
Geographic areas (urban/rural) Age group Employment status Poverty status
Household characteristics of head of household Household composition Access to services
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Analysis by Activity Classes
Main activity Which activity categories to use?
Simultaneous activity Which pairs of activities to focus on?
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Design of Time Use Surveys: Basic Components
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Information From Time Use Surveys
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Decisions: Scope and Coverage
Describing activities Classification of activities
Recording time and action Position- point in time Duration- length of time or period Sequence- relative to other actions
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“Clock time” among Soussou of Guinea
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Issue: Simultaneous Activities
Unpaid work is often undertaken ‘together’ with other activities Domestic work and domestic work Domestic work and child care Work and domestic work and child care Work and media use
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Issue: Contextual Information
Who does what– where, with whom, for whom, paid?
Gives meaning to activities Different context, different activity Aids recall
Survey Instruments Background questionnaires
Household Individual
Time diary
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Pre-Coded or “Light” Time Diary
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Stylized Questions
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… Stylized Questions
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24-hour Diary with Open Time Intervals
Contextual Information
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24-hour Diary with Fixed Time Intervals
AloneChildren age 0-9
Other hh member
Others
07.00-0.710 Woke up the children x home07.10-07.20 Had breakfast Talked with my family x x07.20-07.30 ..".. ..".. x x07.30-07.40 Cleared the table Listened to the radio x07.40-07.50 Helped the children dressing Talked with my children x07.50-08.00 Went to the day care centre, by foot ..".. x travel-on foot08.00-08.10 By bus to job Read the newspaper x travel-by bus08.10-08.20 By bus to job ..".. x08.20-08.30 Regular work x working place08.30-08.40 x08.40-08.50 x08.50-09.00 x09.00-09.10 x09.10-09.20 x09.20-09.30 x09.30-09.40 x09.40-09.50 x09.50-10.00 x10.00-10.10 Break: had coffee Talked with a colleague x10.10-10.20 Regular work x working place
LocationTimePersons present
Main activity Secondary activity
Simultaneous Activities
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Type of Household Survey
Independent survey Time-use module in multi-purpose survey
Time-use module in LSMS “Rider” survey
Time-use questions in multi-purpose survey Time-use in labour force survey
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Mode of Data Collection
Participant observation Recall interview Self-completed diary Combinations
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Issues: Sample DesignSampling the population Sampling of households Sampling of household members
Who and how many?
Sampling time Hours in a day Days in a week Seasons in a year
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Sampling: Time Dimension
Persons 1-Jan 2-Jan . . . 31-Dec1234...N
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Sampling: number of days per persons
Diary day Su Mon Tue Wed Th Fri Sat1 day
1 weekday/1 weekend
Sun, Sat + weekday
Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics
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Need for a ClassificationTime-use data is all about people’s activities
Detailed comprehensive systematic listing To be able to assess completeness of coverage Guide the design of survey instruments and
selection of methods Interviewer’s guide for eliciting responses at the
level of detail required for the survey objectives Basis for developing coding rules
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“Choice” of Classification
Related to the objectives of data collection Defines framework of analysis of time-use
data
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Objectives & Classifications
Historical standard- non-economic activities Multinational Comparative Time Budget
Research Project Improving measurement of ‘work’, especially
women’s ‘work’ and unpaid work National-- India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan,
South Korea, Thailand … International– Trial International Classification of
Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS)
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All Activities
Economic/Production Non-economic
SNA- work
Non-SNA work
Learning
Socializing & Community Participation
‘Free’ time
Mass Media
Personal Care & Maintenance
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Basic Categories:SNA work
01- Work in the “formal sector”Work in household unincorporated enterprises
02- Primary production activities03- Non-primary production activities04- Construction activities05- Providing services for income
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Basic Categories:Non-SNA Work
06- Providing unpaid domestic services for own final use
07- Providing unpaid care-giving services to household members
08- Providing community services and help to other households
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UN Approach to Time-Use Classifications Improve measurement of SNA work
Household production of goods for own final use Subsistence agriculture Collecting firewood Fetching water
Production of household unincorporated enterprises, including informal sector enterprise
Provide a basis for valuation of unpaid work International comparability
Valuation of Unpaid Work
Introduction
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Valuation: Input Approach
Opportunity cost based on the potential wage rate that the
person would be earning in the market Market replacement cost
based on the market compensation of the worker engaged in the same type of activity in household production of domestic and personal services for own consumption
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OC1- disaggregated by age onlyOC2- disaggregated by age and educationOC3- female wage rate=male wage rate
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In Summary
What is ‘time use data’? How are statistics on time use analyzed and
used? How are data on time use collected and the
what are the issues that need to be considered?
What is the ICATUS and what is its role in the collection and analysis of data on time use?