Time to Abandon Darwin?

Answering the Challenge from “design”

Kenneth R. MillerBrown University

We Live in very Interesting Times

Cobb Count

y Disclaim

er:

This textb

ook contai

ns materia

l on evolu

tion.

Evolution

is a theor

y, not a f

act, regar

ding the

origin of

living thi

ngs. This

material s

hould be

approached

with an o

pen mind,

studied ca

refully an

d

critically

considere

d.

Cobb Count

y Disclaim

er:

This textb

ook contai

ns materia

l on evolu

tion.

Evolution

is a theor

y, not a f

act, regar

ding the

origin of

living thi

ngs. This

material s

hould be

approached

with an o

pen mind,

studied ca

refully an

d

critically

considere

d.

An Accurat

eAccur

ate Discla

imer:

This textb

ook contai

ns materia

l on scien

ce.

Science is

built aro

und theori

es, which

are

strongly s

upported b

y factual

evidence.

Everything

in science

should be

approache

d with an

open mind,

studied ca

refully an

d critical

ly conside

red.

An Accurat

eAccur

ate Discla

imer:

This textb

ook contai

ns materia

l on scien

ce.

Science is

built aro

und theori

es, which

are

strongly s

upported b

y factual

evidence.

Everything

in science

should be

approache

d with an

open mind,

studied ca

refully an

d critical

ly conside

red.

Can we learn anything from the

Dover trial?

Yes.

The trial documented the collapse of ID as

a scientific theory.

The “icons” of design have been exposed as false

Specifically Refuted at the Trial:• the bacterial flagellum

• the blood clotting cascade• the generation of biological information

Specifically Refuted at the Trial:• the bacterial flagellum

• the blood clotting cascade• the generation of biological information

Data from whole genome sequencing could not be refuted by ID advocates

Data from whole genome sequencing could not be refuted by ID advocates

Example: the Evolutionary Hypothesis

of Common Ancestry

Chromosome Numbers in the great apes:

human (Homo) 4646chimpanzee (Pan) 48gorilla (Gorilla) 48orangutan (Pogo) 48

Testable prediction: If these organisms share a common ancestor, that ancestor had either 48 chromosomes (24 pairs) or 46 (23 pairs).

Testable prediction: If these organisms share a common ancestor, that ancestor had either 48 chromosomes (24 pairs) or 46 (23 pairs).

Chromosome Numbers in the great apes (Hominidae):

human (Homo) 46chimpanzee (Pan) 48gorilla (Gorilla) 48orangutan (Pogo) 48

Testable prediction:Testable prediction: Common ancestor had 48 chromosomes (24 pairs) and humans carry a fused chromosome; or ancestor had 23 pairs, and apes carry a split chromosome.

Centromere

Telomere

Ancestral Chromosomes

Fusion

Homo sapiens

Inactivated centromere

Telomere sequences

“Chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage of evolution, having emerged as a result of head-to-head fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes that remained separate in other primates. The precise fusion site has been located in 2q13–2q14.1 (ref. 2; hg 16:114455823 – 114455838), where our analysis confirmed the presence of multiple subtelomeric duplications to chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 19, 21 and 22 (Fig. 3; Supplementary Fig. 3a, region A). During the formation of human chromosome 2, one of the two centromeres became inactivated (2q21, which corresponds to the centromere from chimp chromosome 13) and the centromeric structure quickly deterioriated (42).”

“Chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage of evolution, having emerged as a result of head-to-head fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes that remained separate in other primates. The precise fusion site has been located in 2q13–2q14.1 (ref. 2; hg 16:114455823 – 114455838), where our analysis confirmed the presence of multiple subtelomeric duplications to chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 19, 21 and 22 (Fig. 3; Supplementary Fig. 3a, region A). During the formation of human chromosome 2, one of the two centromeres became inactivated (2q21, which corresponds to the centromere from chimp chromosome 13) and the centromeric structure quickly deterioriated (42).”

Homo sapiens

Inactivated centromere

Telomere sequences

Hillier et al (2005) “Generation and Annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4,” Nature 434: 724 – 731.

Hillier et al (2005) “Generation and Annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4,” Nature 434: 724 – 731.

Human Chromosome #2 shows the exact point at which this

fusion took place

Human Chromosome #2 shows the exact point at which this

fusion took place

What’s at Stake?Everything.

What’s at Stake?Everything.