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Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

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Page 1: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Tim Roufs ©2009

Ancient Middle America

The Early Preclassic

“Early Formative”

“Pre- Olmec”

University of Minnesota Duluth

Page 2: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

The Preclassic Stage can be

broken down into three

sub-stages . . .

Page 3: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Late Preclassic

Middle Preclassic

Early Preclassic

Page 4: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Late Preclassic

Middle Preclassic

Early Preclassic

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 5: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Early Preclassic Stage

1800 – 1000 B.C. (The Maya)

1800 – 1200 B.C. (Mexico)

2500 – 1250 B.C.

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 6: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

http://weber.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/mexchron.html#EPC

Page 7: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth
Page 8: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Mexico(6th ed.)

Page 236

Page 9: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Mexico(6th ed.)

Page 236

Page 10: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Mexico(6th ed.)

Page 236

Page 11: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#Late_Preclassic

Page 12: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Early Preclassic Stage

1800 – 1000 B.C. (The Maya)

1800 – 1200 B.C. (Mexico)

2500 – 1250 B.C.

characterized by. . .

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 13: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

the Early Preclassic is

characterized by the

predominance of small rural

communities comprised of a

limited number of huts built of

perishable materials . . .

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 14: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

the Early Preclassic is

characterized by the

predominance of small rural

communities comprised of a

limited number of huts built of

perishable materials . . .

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 15: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

. . . and a distinct type of

pottery in the Highlands -- one

with a round bottom

•tecomate / tecomatl

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 16: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

. . . and a distinct type of

pottery in the Highlands -- one

with a round bottom

•tecomate / tecomatl

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 18: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

in contrast, the Early

Preclassic of the Gulf Coast

has pottery with flat bottoms

. . .

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 19: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

the pottery in the Valley of

Mexico is mostly monochrome

• they are painted black, white, dark brown, chestnut-brown and reddish brown

• figurines are present, and all represent women• “Tradition C” of the Central Highlands

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 21: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

figurines are important because

they give us some indication of

what the people of those times

were like

• how they dressed

• how they adorned themselves

• their daily lives

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 24: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

figurine types are varied and some

show specialized practices:

• cranial deformation

• dental mutilation

• shaven heads

• tattooing

• body and facial painting

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 25: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

figurine types are varied and some

show specialized practices:

• cranial deformation• dental mutilation

• shaven heads

• tattooing

• body and facial painting

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 28: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

figurine types are varied and some

show specialized practices:

• cranial deformation

• dental mutilation

• shaven heads

• tattooing• body and facial painting

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 30: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

also evidenced in pottery:

• use of loin-cloths, short skirts, sandals, hats, turbans

• earplugs• necklaces• pyrite mirrors• and many other items of clothing and

adornment

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 31: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

also evidenced in pottery:

• use of loin-cloths, short skirts, sandals, hats, turbans

•earplugs• necklaces• pyrite mirrors• and many other items of clothing and

adornment

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 32: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earspool

Statuette totonaque (600-1200 B.C.)

Page 33: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

also evidenced in pottery:

• use of loin-cloths, short skirts, sandals, hats, turbans

• earplugs• necklaces• pyrite mirrors• and many other items of clothing and

adornment

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 35: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

pottery forms in the Valley of

Mexico include:• large jars for storing water and seeds

• composite-silhouette bowls with incised decoration

• jars with flaring sides

• plates and other simple forms with round bottoms

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 36: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

San Lorenzo

Chiapa de Corzo

Cerros

Ocós

Cuello

Early Preclassic Sites include:

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 37: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

El ArbolilloZacatencoTlatilcoBarraCuadrosSan José Mogote

Early Preclassic Sites include:

Early Preclassic Stage

Page 38: Tim Roufs ©2009 Ancient Middle America The Early Preclassic “Early Formative” “Pre- Olmec” University of Minnesota Duluth

Late Preclassic

Middle Preclassic

Early Preclassic

Middle Preclassic Stage