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2 APRIL 2011 FOCUS ON POWDER COATINGS TECHNICAL Assessing film performance of hybrid powder systems A further report by Professor Barletta and his colleagues examines the role of the substrate in micro-scale scratching of epoxy- polyester films. Scratch tests have been widely used to assess the mechanical performance of polymeric films applied by different methods to a variety of substrates. It has been shown that the scratch resistance of coatings decreased significantly with increasing cross- link density of the coating, and this is unaffected by film composition or lubrication of the substrate. Although many examinations of scratch and penetration have assessed the role of raw materials and environmental influences, very few have paid attention to the role of the substrate alone or the interfacial region between the substrate itself and the applied coatings. This work analyses the deformation response of epoxy- polyester powder coating films deposited on untreated and micro- corrugated metal substrates together with substrates pre-coated with a layer of release coating, using micro-scale scratch tests. The aim is to clarify the intrinsic role of the applied film and the substrate alone and examine the influence of the interfacial adhesion between coating and substrate by systematically altering the scratch test parameters. Characterization of the coating performance was carried out by micro-scratch tests, varying the intender type, load and sliding speed. Hybrid powder coatings were deposited on smooth and rough 304 steel substrates as received, and similar substrates pre-coated with an intermediate layer of silicon-based heat curable release coating. Testing methods are described fully in this article and the following conclusions are reached: The roughened samples exhibited better adhesion as shown by better micro-scratch resistance. Film failure in these tests mainly occurs by tensile cracking stresses located behind the indenter and the coating. Friction between the scratch tester and the coatings is governed by the difference in the substrates they are applied to; coatings deposited on the silicone are almost dragged by the action of the indenter and the silicone interlayer follows the overlying coating in its deformation, thereby relieving the stress imposed by the tester and limiting the damage to the powder coating. Sensitivity of the hybrid coating to the time of the applied loading is confirmed, while the penetration and residual depth of the coating on the metal substrate is a strict function of the scratch speed, whatever the load. Coatings applied to the softer silicone-based layer are less sensitive to change in the sliding speed since the deformation of the silicone itself relieves the stress field controlling the deformation of the powder coating, and its capability to recover is a function of how fast the materials was deformed during the test, with the materials deformed at the highest scratch speed more prone to recover faster than the material deformed at lower scratch speeds. Article entitled “The Role of the Substrate in Micro-scale Scratching of Epoxy-polyester Films” by M Barletta and A Gisario, Applied Surface Science, 15 Feb 2011, 257, (9), 4449-4463 INDUSTRY NEWS PPG begins operation of Tianjin aerospace application support centre PPG has opened its new aerospace application support (ASC) centre at the Tianjin Aerospace Industrial Park in China. The Tianjian ASC, together with PPG’s existing Suzhou site, will help PPG better serve the needs of the growing Chinese aerospace industry. The site, which cost a total of $2.1 M in two phases, houses manufacturing workshops and storehouses for hazardous chemicals. Following the completion of the second phase of construction, the centre is anticipated to be able to produce 200 tons of aerospace coatings and 100 tons of sealants, and a turnover of 100 aircraft transparencies per year. The site will also provide chemicals management services and offer value-added packaging for materials supplied by clients. Coatings World, Jan 2011, 16 (1), 10,12 (Website: http://www.coatingsworld.com/) Ferro purchases tile coatings facility in Egypt Ferro Corp has finalized its acquisition of a newly built ceramic coatings facility in Fayoum, Egypt, from principals of Pharaohs Ceramic Group. The new site will permit Ferro to serve in a more cost-efficient manner the growing markets for tile production in Egypt and other Middle East and North African counties. Ferro plans to expand the plant’s capacity by adding new equipment. Following the completion of the initial expansion, Ferro anticipates the site’s tile frit and glaze output capacity to reach 200 M lbs/y. Ferro Tile Coating Systems supplies decoration materials applied in the production of ceramic tiles including frits, glazes and inks. Coatings World, Jan 2011, 16 (1), 15 (Website: http://www.coatingsworld.com/) Tikkurila to sell its powder coatings business Teknos Group Oy will acquire the entire shares held by Tikkurila Oyj’s Swedish subsidiary Dickursby Holding AB in Russian industrial coatings firm Tikkurila Powder Coatings. Tikkurila Powder Coatings’ products are

Tikkurila to sell its powder coatings business

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Page 1: Tikkurila to sell its powder coatings business

2 APRIL 2011

F O C U S O N P O W D E R C O A T I N G S

TECHNICALAssessing film performance ofhybrid powder systems

A further report by ProfessorBarletta and his colleaguesexamines the role of the substratein micro-scale scratching of epoxy-polyester films. Scratch tests havebeen widely used to assess themechanical performance ofpolymeric films applied by differentmethods to a variety of substrates.It has been shown that the scratchresistance of coatings decreasedsignificantly with increasing cross-link density of the coating, and thisis unaffected by film composition orlubrication of the substrate.Although many examinations ofscratch and penetration haveassessed the role of raw materialsand environmental influences, veryfew have paid attention to the roleof the substrate alone or theinterfacial region between thesubstrate itself and the appliedcoatings. This work analyses thedeformation response of epoxy-polyester powder coating filmsdeposited on untreated and micro-corrugated metal substratestogether with substrates pre-coatedwith a layer of release coating,using micro-scale scratch tests.The aim is to clarify the intrinsicrole of the applied film and thesubstrate alone and examine theinfluence of the interfacial adhesionbetween coating and substrate bysystematically altering the scratchtest parameters.

Characterization of the coatingperformance was carried out bymicro-scratch tests, varying theintender type, load and slidingspeed. Hybrid powder coatingswere deposited on smooth andrough 304 steel substrates asreceived, and similar substratespre-coated with an intermediatelayer of silicon-based heat curablerelease coating.

Testing methods are describedfully in this article and thefollowing conclusions are reached:The roughened samples exhibitedbetter adhesion as shown by

better micro-scratch resistance.Film failure in these tests mainlyoccurs by tensile crackingstresses located behind theindenter and the coating. Frictionbetween the scratch tester andthe coatings is governed by thedifference in the substrates theyare applied to; coatings depositedon the silicone are almostdragged by the action of theindenter and the siliconeinterlayer follows the overlyingcoating in its deformation, therebyrelieving the stress imposed bythe tester and limiting thedamage to the powder coating.

Sensitivity of the hybrid coatingto the time of the applied loadingis confirmed, while the penetrationand residual depth of the coatingon the metal substrate is a strictfunction of the scratch speed,whatever the load.

Coatings applied to the softersilicone-based layer are lesssensitive to change in the slidingspeed since the deformation of thesilicone itself relieves the stressfield controlling the deformation ofthe powder coating, and itscapability to recover is a functionof how fast the materials wasdeformed during the test, with thematerials deformed at the highestscratch speed more prone torecover faster than the materialdeformed at lower scratch speeds.

Article entitled “The Role of the Substrate inMicro-scale Scratching of Epoxy-polyesterFilms” by M Barletta and A Gisario, AppliedSurface Science, 15 Feb 2011, 257, (9),4449-4463

INDUSTRYNEWS

PPG begins operation of Tianjinaerospace application supportcentre

PPG has opened its newaerospace application support(ASC) centre at the TianjinAerospace Industrial Park inChina. The Tianjian ASC,together with PPG’s existing

Suzhou site, will help PPG betterserve the needs of the growingChinese aerospace industry. Thesite, which cost a total of $2.1 Min two phases, housesmanufacturing workshops andstorehouses for hazardouschemicals. Following thecompletion of the second phaseof construction, the centre isanticipated to be able to produce200 tons of aerospace coatingsand 100 tons of sealants, and aturnover of 100 aircrafttransparencies per year. The sitewill also provide chemicalsmanagement services and offervalue-added packaging formaterials supplied by clients.

Coatings World, Jan 2011, 16 (1), 10,12(Website: http://www.coatingsworld.com/)

Ferro purchases tile coatingsfacility in Egypt

Ferro Corp has finalized itsacquisition of a newly built ceramiccoatings facility in Fayoum, Egypt,from principals of PharaohsCeramic Group. The new site willpermit Ferro to serve in a morecost-efficient manner the growingmarkets for tile production in Egyptand other Middle East and NorthAfrican counties. Ferro plans toexpand the plant’s capacity byadding new equipment. Followingthe completion of the initialexpansion, Ferro anticipates thesite’s tile frit and glaze outputcapacity to reach 200 M lbs/y.Ferro Tile Coating Systemssupplies decoration materialsapplied in the production ofceramic tiles including frits, glazesand inks.

Coatings World, Jan 2011, 16 (1), 15(Website: http://www.coatingsworld.com/)

Tikkurila to sell its powdercoatings business

Teknos Group Oy will acquire theentire shares held by TikkurilaOyj’s Swedish subsidiaryDickursby Holding AB in Russianindustrial coatings firm TikkurilaPowder Coatings. TikkurilaPowder Coatings’ products are

Page 2: Tikkurila to sell its powder coatings business

APRIL 2011 3

F O C U S O N P O W D E R C O A T I N G S

sold and marketed in the Russianmarket under the Ohtek brand.Tikkura decided to sell its industrialpowder coatings operation becauseit is a non-core business. Followingthe sale, Tikkurila will no longer beengaged in powder coatings-relatedbusiness. Tikkurila PowderCoatings, which has around 50workers, will report revenue of €2.3M in 2010.

Coatings World, Jan 2011, 16 (1), 15(Website: http://www.coatingsworld.com/)

DuPont Performance Coatingsopens new coatings technologycentre in USA

DuPont recently inaugurated itsnew Coatings Technology Centre atthe Experimental Station inWilmington, DE, USA. The focus ofthe new R&D unit will be onDuPont Refinish Systems productsthat support the automotivecollision sector and on DuPontIndustrial Coating Solutions, whichsells a variety of liquid and powderindustrial finishes. DuPontPerformance Coatings (DPC) setup the centre, and the R&D projectis part of DPC’s efforts to expandits global coatings business.

Coatings World, Jan 2011, 16 (1), 15-16(Website: http://www.coatingsworld.com/)

Key Finishes LLC celebrates grandopening

Key Finishes LLC has inauguratedits toll bonding facility in Columbus,OH, USA. The 5500 sq ft facilityallows the company to providecomplete service, cradle-to-gravemetallic bonding, filling an openniche in the powder coatingssector. Key Finishes has an initialcapacity to produce roughly 2 Mlbs/y of bonder metallic powdercoatings, with plans for a futureexpansion.

Paint & Coatings Industry (PCI), Jan 2011, 27(1), 18 (Website: http://www.pcimag.com/)

AkzoNobel aims for sales growth inIndia with new coatings plant

With the opening of a newAkzoNobel Industrial Coatings

plant at Bangalore, India, thecompany aims to grow morerapidly over the next 5 years,increasing turnover in India to €1bn. The plant, which willmanufacture steel tape coatingsand coatings for specialist plastics,is located on AkzoNobel’s existingHoskote site where marine paints,yacht lacquers, protective coatings,car repair lacquers, and powdercoatings are produced. It willmanufacture 18 M litres/y withscope for further expansion.AkzoNobel currently has around 6production facilities, 2 researchlaboratories, around 10 salesoffices (representing both coatingsand speciality chemicals), and1500 employees in India.

Het Financieele Dagblad, 7 Feb 2011,(Website: http://www.fd.nl/) (in Dutch)

AkzoNobel expands in Mexico

AkzoNobel is constructing apowder coatings facility atApodaca, Mexico, scheduled forstart-up in 3Q 2011. The plant isaimed at meeting rising demandin Latin America. The firm’sexisting factory in Monterrey isoperating at near full capacity.

Chemical Week, 14 Feb 2011, (Website:http://www.chemweek.com)

AkzoNobel’s paints become moreexpensive

Rising pries for oil and other rawmaterials are creating problemsfor Akzo Nobel. 4Q 2010 profitswere lower than expectedbecause of higher costs. Mid-single digit percentage rises inraw material prices are alsoexpected in 2011. Akzo’s bosshas announced price increasesfor the current quarter in order tostrengthen margins. 4Q EBITDAwas up 3% at €377 M on salesup 17% at €3.6 bn. Akzo islooking for sales growth of 5% in2011 and a rise in EBITDA. Oneanalyst is confident. The outlookis less pessimistic than expected.Elsewhere, Solvay causedsurprise with a jump in profit in4Q 2010. Operating profits fromcontinuing business were up 75%

at €155 M. The company hasalso announced acquisitions.Proceeds from the sale of thedrugs division to AbbottLaboratories for $4.5 bn will beinvested.

Handelsblatt Wirtschafts- und Finanzzeitung,18 Feb 2011, (35), 27 (Website:http://www.handelsblatt.com) (in German)

A Schulman restructures powdercoating activity

Following the acquisition of itscompetitor ICO Polymers, ASchulman is restructuring some ofits activities. It plans to close orsell the plant at Verolanuova, Italy(former ICO) by the start of 2012.Technical powder production willbe moved to Gorla Maggiore. ASchulman will invest in the soleItalian site, expanding capacity forspeciality powder, masterbatchand compounds. The firm is toclose its speciality powderBraeside plant near Melbourne,Australia by the end of Aug 2011.It will retain only one Australianfacility at Brendale near Brisbane.Prior to the acquisition of ICO,Schulman had no Australianproduction sites. It will supplyproducts from plants in Malaysia,Indonesia, China and a new plantbeing built in India. The existingAustralian business made a lossof $1-2 M in the 2Q 2010-2011(period ending Aug 2010). ASchulman is to cut its totalworkforce of over 2900 by 40-60.Restructuring charges will amountto several million dollars.

Chimie Pharma Hebdo, 14 Feb 2011, (539),8 (Website: http://www.industrie.com/chimie)(in French)

Jotun targets powders growth inMiddle East

Jotun’s powder coatings operationis aiming for a 15% growth in2011 in the Gulf CooperationCouncil (GCC) countries ofKuwait, Oman, Qatar, SaudiArabia, UAE and Bahrain. TheNorwegian firm claims it alreadyholds 70% of the powder coatingssector in the GCC region,excluding Saudi Arabia, where it