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1
Tight Oil Impact on Desalter Operations
COQA Meeting New Orleans8 November 2012
Dennis Haynes
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Sourcing of Hydrocarbon2
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Variability of Hydrocarbon
Two samples of ‘Eagle Ford’ API 45 and API 57
Variations of tight oil samples Brown, Yellow, Green, and Orange
3
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Potential Issues Around the Desalter
4
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Gravity SettlingSettling Factor A basic start to the discussion
Sf = Ability of a droplet to settle through another phase
ρw = Density of water (brine)ρo = Density of the oilμ = Viscosity of the oil
( ρ - ρ ) = w o
μSf
5
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Gravity Settling6
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Gravity Settling7
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Gravity Settling8
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Gravity Settling 9
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Interfacial Tension
10
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Water Drop Evaluation
11
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Water Drop Evaluation
90 degrees C3500V for 8 min at outset
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Droplet Diameter and Mixing Energy
V = Relative velocity of water droplet fallingthrough oil
D = Diameter of water dropletK = ConstantSf = Ability of a droplet to settle through
another phase
Stokes’ Law
V = K D2 Sf
Mix Valve Optimization
13
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Additive ImpactsDiscussed at AFPM 2012 P&P Session and
3rd Opportunity Crudes Conference
14
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Amine Impacts
Elevation of Brine effluent pH experienced due to amines observed during operations
Minimization of Wash Water pH Optional technique
Lordo, S. A., Garcia, J. M., Garcia-Swofford, S. “Desalter Acidification Additives and Their Potential Impacts on Crude Units”, NACE Paper 08556
15
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Bakken Crude Analysis
Test Results
API Gravity @ 60°F 42.1
Karl Fischer Water 0.078 %
Solids ASTM 110 PTB
Acid Number 0.1
Chlorides (Cl) 40 ppm
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Bakken Crude AnalysisElement ppmAluminum (Al) 0.02Barium (Ba) 0.02Calcium (Ca) 0.54Chromium (Cr) 0.01Cobalt (Co) <0Copper (Cu) <0Iron (Fe) 0.7Magnesium (Mg) 0.05Manganese (Mn) 0Molybdenum (Mo) <0.1Nickel (Ni) 0.05Potassium (K) 0.1Sodium (Na) 2.8Strontium (Sr) 0.03Titanium (Ti) <0Vanadium (V) 0.02Zinc (Zn) 1.1
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Bakken Related DepositElement Weight %
C 32.1O 38.4
Na 0.4Al 0.4S 6.1
Cl 0.1K 0.2
Ca 0.5Sr 7.4Ba 14.3
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Bakken Related Deposit
Element Weight %
C 30.3O 16.8Al 0.2S 4.9
Cl 1.1I 1.7
Pb 44.9
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Eagle Ford Crude Analysis
Test Results
API Gravity @ 60°F 58.0
Karl Fischer Water 0.202 %
Solids ASTM 22 PTB
Acid Number <0.1
Chlorides (Cl) 23 ppm
20
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Eagle Ford Crude AnalysisElement ppmAluminum (Al) 0.33Barium (Ba) 0.21Calcium (Ca) 9.8Chromium (Cr) <0.02Cobalt (Co) <0.1Copper (Cu) 0.07Iron (Fe) 2.3Magnesium (Mg) 0.34Manganese (Mn) <0.02Molybdenum (Mo) <0.6Nickel (Ni) <0.14Potassium (K) 0.5Sodium (Na) 12Strontium (Sr) 1.5Titanium (Ti) <0.4Vanadium (V) <0.05Zinc (Zn) 0.25
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Stability Index Analysis
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Stability Index Analysis
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CSI
Val
ue
CSI
Val
ue
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Stability Index AnalysisCSI Values of Cold Lake / Eagleford BlendsCSI Values of Cold Lake / Eagleford Blends
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CSI
Val
ue
CSI
Val
ue
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Interface and Effluent
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Asphaltene Impact on Brine
26
Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Asphaltene Stabilizer (EF:CL 50:50)
Blank Stabilizer A1x 2x 4x
Stabilizer B1x 2x 4x
Stabilizer C1x 2x 4x
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Key items
Desalter optimization
Crude stability testing
High pH tolerant demulsifier
Asphaltene stabilization Via blending Via stabilizer
Solids removal
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Copyright© 2012 Nalco Company. All rights reserved
Acknowledgements
Sam Lordo
Keith Gawrys
Paul Lindemuth
Michael Braden
John Garcia
Jeffery Hubbard
Tannon Woodson
Brad Mason
Kailash Sawhney
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Disclaimer: The contents of this document are, to the best of our knowledge, accurate at the date of publication. We shall not be liable for any loss or damage whatsoever resulting from reliance on its contents. All warranties as to fitness for purpose or otherwise (howsoever made or implied) in respect of this publication are excluded.