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• Armstrong • Cherryville • Coldstream • Falkland • Lavington • Lumby • Nakusp • Spallumcheen • Vernon • Westside Rd •November 6 - 12, 2015 Issue 00247

TIDBITS® VISITS

MONTANAby Janet Spencer

Montana became the 41st state on November 8, 1889, so come along with Tidbits as we visit Montana!

MONTANA WEATHER• � e town of Browning, Montana near Glacier

Park holds the national record for the greatest drop in temperature in 24 hours, for a 100 degree drop on January 23, 1916. It went from 44° to -56°F (7°C to -49°C)

• On January 11, 1980, when Great Falls set a new national weather record for quickest temperature increase in the shortest time, it took just seven minutes to go from -32° to 15°F (-35°C to -15°C).

• Montana’s record low is -70°F (-57°C) and the record high is 117°F (47°F), for a temperature range of 187 degrees. No state has a temperature ranger greater than that.

• Cooke City near Yellowstone National Park holds the state record for greatest snowfall in a single season, with 418 inches (10.6 m) for the winter of 1977-78. However, the town of Summit near Glacier National Park holds the record for greatest snowfall in 24 hours; greatest snowfall in four days; greatest snowfall in � ve days; and the greatest snowfall

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Page 2 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361in one month when 131 inches (3.3 m) of snow fell in January of 1972.

MONTANA SNOW• How long would it take to give a lift to the entire

population of Montana in the state’s 65 ski lifts? About 13 hours at maximum capacity of 72,000 people per hour. � ere are 15 ski areas in the state, with a combined area of 14,000 acres of skiing and 548 downhill runs.

• Martin City hosts the annual Barstool Races each February, where barstools must be mounted on skis to enter.

• Red Lodge Mountain hosts the Cardboard Cup Classic each winter, during which cardboard contraptions hit the slopes and are awarded prizes for the most creative.

• At Big Mountain near White� sh each winter, they host the annual furniture race, where skis are attached to any snow-worthy item of furniture and ridden down the mountain.

• Showdown ski area hosts mannequin jumping, where decorated mannequins are attached to skis and sent down the mannequin ski jump.

• � e city of Missoula sponsors the Frost Fever Festival every February, featuring snow football, snow softball, and snow volleyball.

IT’S A FACT• Percent of avalanche victims in the U.S. who are

men: 90%

• Percent of Montana’s stream � ow that originates from melting snow: 70%.

• Miles of interstate in Montana: 1,200

• Miles of groomed snowmobile trails in Montana: 4,000

MONTANA STATE FLOWER• � e Montana state � ower is the bitterroot. It can

live for over a year without water and can be revived even after being boiled, dried, or pressed. Its tenacity is re� ected in its Latin name “Lewisia rediviva” with “Lewisia” being for Meriwether Lewis who cataloged it, and “rediviva” meaning “one who lives again.”

NAME THAT STATE• � e only state that has more hiking trails than

Montana’s 15,000 miles (24,140 km) of trails is California.

• � e only states that have more pick-up trucks per capita than Montana’s 361 trucks for every 1,000 residents are North and South Dakota.

• � e only state that has a higher rate of private airplane ownership than Montana is Alaska.

• � e only state that has an average daily wind speed higher than Montana’s 12.7 mph (20 km/hr) is Wyoming, averaging 12.9 mph.

• � e only state that has more acres of land being farmed than Montana’s 58.6 million acres is Texas, with 129 million cultivated acres. After Montana come Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.

MONTANA POPULATION: SPARSE• When Hillary Clinton visited the state in 1993,

she described it as “hyper-rural.” Nationwide, about 25% of the population lives in rural areas,

but in Montana, 48% do.

• � e average population density across the state is 6.2 people per square mile. � e only states more sparsely settled than that are Alaska and Wyoming. � e national average is 75 people per square mile, and New York City has a density of 26,402 per square mile.

• Montana’s least populated counties, Petroleum and Gar� eld, have only 0.3 people per square mile. � e county seat of Gar� eld County is Jordan, known as the “lonesomest town in the world” because it’s the most isolated county seat in the contiguous U.S. � e nearest airport is 175 miles (281 km) away, and it’s 115 miles (185 km) to the nearest railroad depot.

• About 80% of Montana communities have a population of 3,000 or fewer, and there are only seven cities in the state with populations of over 10,000. � e population of the entire state is just over one million.

MONTANA GOLD• When six prospectors dipped their gold pans in

Alder Creek in 1863, leading to one of history’s richest placer gold discoveries, they were hoping to � nd just enough gold to pay for their tobacco. Instead the $10 million worth of gold taken out of Alder Creek, which runs through Virginia City and Nevada City, would be worth about $2.5 billion today.

• Today Montana ranks 5th in production of gold, behind Nevada, California, Alaska, and South Dakota. � e Montana state motto “Oro y Plata” is Latin for “gold and silver” and the state seal displays a pick, plow, and shovel.

• When a hotel was built in the state capital of Helena, enough gold was recovered from the excavation of the basement to pay for the

For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing Page 3Contest, and sky-diving (plastic) sheep.

Noteworthy Inventions

WILLIAM PERKIN• Born in England in 1838, William Perkin was

supposed to grow up to be an architect, which is what his father wanted. However, a youthful chemistry experiment with soda and alum caused William to become far more interested in chemistry than architecture. As a result, he attended the City of London School, one of the �rst schools to teach chemistry as a standard subject. William excelled.

• In the mid-1800s malaria caused many deaths. �e only remedy was quinine, painstakingly derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.

• After hearing a lecture on the di�culties of extracting quinine, Perkin decided to try to synthesize quinine. He started with aniline, made from distilling the indigo plant, because he thought the chemical structure was similar enough to quinine that he could alter it.

• After mixing in carbons and hydrogens extracted from coal tar, the result was a black sludge. Perkin threw it away, then washed his �asks out with water and alcohol but was interested to see that the sludge residue turned the water and alcohol purple.

• Experimenting further, Perkin extracted the substance that caused the color, and sent samples to a friend in the dye business. �e purple substance was e�ective at dying cotton and silk.

• At the time, purple dye was obtained from mollusks and it took 12,000 mollusks to produce enough dye for a single dress, and it was not color-fast. Only royalty could a�ord purple clothing. Perkin’s dye was permanent, cheap, and easy.

• William, who was only 17 when he made his discovery, subsequently decided to go into the dye business. In 1856, the Patent O�ce granted Perkin a patent for ‘a new colouring matter for dyeing.’

• �e dye was a hit in France, where they named it ‘malva’ for the mallow �ower, which is the same color as the dye. Chemists later altered this French name slightly, giving the dye its common name: Mauve.

• William didn’t know anything about textiles or the large scale production of chemicals. However, 1857 the Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III, began to wear mauve-colored gowns. In 1858, Queen Victoria wore mauve to her daughter’s wedding. Suddenly mauve was in demand. Since he was the only person who knew how to produce the dye, his success was assured.

• William’s father invested his savings in order

to build a factory, and the business was wildly successful. He continued his research, �nding how to prevent cloth from being dyed unevenly by using a soap bath to ensure even application of the color. He found methods of creating light and dark shades of mauve. He �gured out how to dye cloth in calico patterns.

• His contribution to dye chemistry happened just as the Industrial Revolution was taking place. Cotton fabric could be manufactured and dyed very cheaply, making it possible for common people to buy better and more colorful clothing.

• William became rich in short order, selling his factory and retiring from the business at the age of 36 to pursue other interests.

• His discovery revolutionized the dye industry and sparked the birth of the synthetic chemical industry. Coal tar had previously been thought of as a useless by-product of the gas industry, whose only known use was for water-proo�ng boots. Perkin’s discovery laid the foundations for an industry that found uses for coal tar ranging from pharmaceuticals to perfumes to

construction of the entire building.

• At a nearby gulch, miners pulled 700 pounds (317 kg) of gold from a two acre plot in a single day.

• In the 1880s, Helena had more millionaires per capita than any other city in the nation, with 50.

MONTANA FUN• �e town of Drummond, Montana sponsors

the annual Flapjack Race, where rules dictate that you must build a �re and cook an edible pancake, all while keeping your untied mule next to you at all times.

• Bearcreek’s 50 residents hold Pig Races each summer. Pigs are tended by “sowboys.”

• Missoula hosts the annual “Punkin’ Chuckin’ Contest” to see who can build a catapult to throw a pumpkin the farthest without using motors or explosives. �e current record is nearly 4,000 feet (1,219 m).

• Reed Point’s answer to Pamplona’s Running of the Bulls is the annual Running of the Sheep, including the Sheep Roundup, the Sheep Beauty

1. TELEVISION: In what 1990s television series did the character of �e Log Lady appear?2. ANATOMY: What organ in the human body produces bile?3. SCIENCE: What is the science of classifying things called?4. U.S. PRESIDENTS: Who was the �rst U.S. pres-ident to lose a re-election bid?5. HISTORY: Who was the �rst African-American to be elected to Congress from Georgia since Re-construction and later appointed ambassador to the United Nations?6. GEOGRAPHY: What country’s capital is Addis Ababa?7. MATH: In geometry, what is a perfectly round ball called?8. AD SLOGANS: What product was claimed in advertisements to be “good to the last drop”?9. MOVIES: Who was the oldest performer to re-ceive an Oscar for Best Actor?10. FAMOUS QUOTES: What 20th-century hu-morist once said, “All you need in this life is ignorance and con�dence, and then success is sure.”

Answers1. “Twin Peaks”2. Liver3. Taxonomy4. John Adams5. Andrew Young6. Ethiopia7. A sphere8. Maxwell House co�ee9. Henry Fonda 10. Mark Twain(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

* You can cut the bitterness in some varieties of greens by soaking them in ice water for roughly an hour before serving. Use a salad spinner to get all of the water o�.

* To freshen carpets, there’s no need to purchase expensive or heavily perfumed carpet deodoriz-ers -- baking soda can do the job. Sprinkle car-pets liberally, let set for 30 minutes to an hour, and then vacuum thoroughly.

* “If you host a large family holiday gathering and serve a lot of side dishes, try this trick to them hot while waiting for other items to �nish in the oven. Simply cover the bottom of a clean ice chest with a few trivets or a couple kitchen towels, and set casseroles and oven-cooked meats inside. Most people use a cooler to keep things cold, but the insulation works just as well to keep hot things hot ... at least for a little while.” -- M.E. in West Virginia

* Recipe substitution: If you need 1 teaspoon of pumpkin pie spice, use 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg and 1/8 teaspoon ground cloves.

* Blood pressure can be a�ected by many things, and seeing the doctor is one of them. Instead, request that your blood pressure be taken by a nurse or physician’s assistant. Having a full blad-der also can make your pressure reading higher, as can positioning your arm below heart level.

* Remove the annoying sticky residue from price tags with WD-40 or baby oil. �is is for use on hard surfaces only. If you are unsure, test in an inconspicuous spot �rst to make sure the oil doesn’t leave a stain where the tag was.Send your tips to Now Here’s a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803.

Page 4 TidbitsVernon.com Cosita Publishing For Advertising Call (250) 832-3361Saccharine. As a result of Perkin’s discovery, over 700 new compounds were found.

QUIZ: PASTA• In 1920, so the story goes, an Italian man

named de Lelio was concerned because his pregnant wife had lost her appetite. He owned a restaurant in Rome, so he concocted a dish of egg noodles covered with a rich delicious sauce to tempt his wife’s appetite. History does not record whether or not she liked it, but the patrons of his restaurant did. He called the dish after himself and began to serve it regularly.

• Movie stars Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford were on their honeymoon in Rome and stopped in his restaurant for dinner nearly every night. � ey enjoyed his noodle dish so much that they presented him with a gold-plated fork and spoon with which to stir his famous sauce.

• Within a year the recipe was featured in a cookbook produced by the famous Rector’s Restaurant in New York, which helped popularize the dish in America. Hollywood movie stars continued to eat at di Lelio restaurant in Rome, and they insisted that their favorite chefs back home try their hand at the recipe as well.

• Today the noodle dish, with a sauce made from butter, cream and Parmesan cheese, is popular across the U.S. � e restaurant started by di Lelio is still in business. What was his � rst name, now attached to his famous pasta recipe? (Answer below.)

QUIZ: LUIZA’S PASTA• Luiza was born in Italy in 1871 and began

singing at the age of three. She made her debut in opera in 1890 when the scheduled soprano failed to show up for a performance and Luiza stepped in, garnering immediate acclaim. She had a remarkable voice and toured the world. In 1905 she made her American debut in San Francisco, which became her favorite U.S. city.

Answer: Alfredo, who named Fettuccine Alfredo.

LUIZA’S PASTA (cont’d)• As she grew older and stouter, Luiza’s voice

declined somewhat. One of her husbands stole her fortune and she died in 1940 after su� ering years of ill health and poverty. She is remembered today, not so much for her astonishing voice, as for one of her favorite dishes that is thought to have been named after her by a chef at the San Francisco hotel where she stayed. � e dish consists of bits of turkey or chicken, swimming in a sauce of cream and wine, served over noodles. Name it. (Answer below)

his Americanized name was known throughout the world: Hector Boiardi, now Boyardee.

Answer: Turkey Tetrazzini, named for Luiza Tetrazzini.

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HECTOR’S PASTA• Hector worked in restaurant kitchens near his

home in Italy from the age of 11. His family came to the U.S. in 1915 when he was 17, and he soon got a job as a chef in the kitchens of the prestigious Plaza Hotel in New York City.

• In 1926 he opened his own Italian restaurant in Cleveland. His spaghetti sauce was so popular that diners often asked him for some to take home with them. As demand for his sauces continued to grow, he opened a spaghetti sauce factory next to the restaurant. Business was so brisk that in 1929, he started a company selling bottled spaghetti sauce.

• He wanted to name the company after himself, but his Italian surname had a di� cult spelling. So he Americanized it. � e label included a depiction of him, wearing his white chef’s hat. Chef Hector experimented with canning spaghetti, and when that turned out well, he added not only canned spaghetti but also canned ravioli to his product line. During World War II, the � rm supplied American troops with rations of canned pasta. By the time Chef Hector died in 1985,

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Chunky Tomato SoupSoups have always been one of my favorite foods, and fall has always been my favorite sea-son. Stir up this “soup of the harvest” on a cool fall night, and let it warm you up with pleasure-

pleasing taste!

1/2 cup chopped onion1 3/4 cups (one 14 1/2-ounce can) beef broth1 (10 3/4-ounce) can reduced-fat tomato soup1 teaspoon Italian Seasoning1 1/2 cups peeled and chopped fresh tomatoes1 1/2 cups chopped, unpeeled zucchini

1. In a medium saucepan sprayed with olive oil-�avored cooking spray, saute onion for 6 minutes. Add beef broth, tomato soup and Italian seasoning. Mix well to combine. Stir in tomato and zucchini.2. Bring mixture to a boil. Lower heat and sim-mer for 10 minutes or until vegetables are ten-der, stirring often. Serves 4 (1 1/4 cups each).

* Each serving equals: 94 calories, 2g fat, 3g pro-tein, 16g carb., 604mg sodium, 2g �ber; Diabetic Exchanges: 2 Vegetable, 1 Starch.(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

Why Cats Won’tUse Litter Box

DEAR PAW’S CORNER: I read your column re-sponding to the reader whose cats will not use the litter box. I have three cats and two litter box-es, and they’re doing just �ne. Here’s what I use: I put a litter called “Feline Pine” in the boxes. It comes in pellets, which don’t weigh much, and you don’t have to use much, just cover the bot-tom of the pan. When the cats pee, the pellets turn into something like sawdust.Also, if the reader scoops the boxes every day, or even twice a day, no one will even know he has cats! Trust me! -- Jean H., via email

DEAR JEAN: �anks for the tip! Trying a com-pletely di�erent type of cat litter can help in the case of litter box avoidance. Some cats are turned o� by scented litter, while others have an aversion to a litter’s texture. And of course, dili-gent litter box cleaning makes every one in the household -- humans and cats -- much happier.As I said in the previous article, owners whose cats are avoiding the box have to experiment a bit to �nd a solution. Using boxes with lids, or boxes without lids; replacing heavily soiled car-pet and backing and treating with a “keep away” spray; increasing the number of litter boxes available; and observing the cats’ behavior for potential con�ict or health issues.Readers, if you have more suggestions for own-ers dealing with this problem, send them my way at ask@pawscorner.com. (c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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by Samantha Weaver

* It was beloved British crime novelist Agatha Christie who made the following sage observation: “It is a curious thought, but it is only when you see people looking ridiculous that you realize just how much you love them.”

* If you’ve ever yelled out a warning in panic -- “Stop!,” “Run!,” “Don’t!” -- you’ve used a monepic sentence, one that is complete with just a single word. Of course, at the time you probably weren’t concerned about the grammatical nature of your utterance.

* When in New Jersey, you’d best mind your man-ners at the table. In that state, it’s illegal to slurp your soup.

* If you’re a sky-watcher, you may already know that the center star of the constellation Orion’s sword isn’t actually a star; it’s a nebula -- the only one visible from Earth with the naked eye. In fact, the Orion Nebula is so large that if the distance between the Earth and the sun were 1 inch, the relative size of the nebula would be 12 miles.

* If you were to create a rope out of one full head of human hair, that rope would be able to support 12 tons.

* It’s a well-worn trope that men refuse to stop and ask for directions when they’re lost. � at point of view might seem to be supported by the results of a survey conducted by the American Automobile Association, which found that 34 percent of male drivers admit to stopping to ask for directions. However, the same survey found that only 37 per-cent of women did the same.

* By the time he was 5 years old, 19th-century French composer Camille Saint-Saens was already composing waltzes.

� ought for the Day: “Wise sayings often fall on barren ground, but a kind word is never thrown away.” -- Arthur Helps(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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The Vernon Jubilee Hospital Auxiliary’s November meetingWill be held on Mon-day November 9th at 1:30 p.m. In the hospital education rooms. Guests are very welcome. Come to the gift shop at the south entrance to the Jubilee Tower by 1:15 and you will be directed to the meeting.

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