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Ticks and Lyme Disease
www.MarylandTickOff.org www.cdc.gov
Lyme disease is the most common
tick-borne disease in Maryland and in
the United States.
Lyme disease was first recognized in the Untied States in 1975 after an unusual outbreak of arthritis near Lyme,Connecticut.
Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi.
Lyme disease is transmitted by the bite of an infected black-legged tick (sometimes called a deer tick). The tick must be attached for at least 24 hours for transmission to occur.
www.MarylanTickdOff.org www.cdc.gov
Ticks can feed on mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
Most ticks have different host animal at each stage of their life. www. MarylandTickOff.org
Life cycle of blacklegged ticks www.cdc.gov
Ticks on Block: (L-Top to bottom) Male adult, female adult, nymph deer ticks; (R-Top to bottom) Male adult, female adult lone star ticks.
(Photo: James Occi, MA, MS)
What do ticks look like?
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Three fully engorged (filled with blood), one partially engorged, one un-engorged female deer ticks. (Photo: James Occi, MA, MS)
What do ticks look like?
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This tick is widely distributed in the northeastern and upper Midwestern U.S.
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Ticks Can Be Found Throughout Maryland
The most common ticks in Maryland are the black-legged tick, the American dog tick, and the lone star tick.
Ticks are related to spiders. They have 8 legs.
Ticks can transmit infectious diseases when they bite you.
Not every tick bite transmits disease.
Some ticks are extremely small. The tick that transmits Lyme disease may be smaller than a sesame seed!
www.MarylandTickOff.org
www.MarylandTickOff.org
www.cdc.gov
CDC
Preventing tick-borne disease: Look for ticks when they are
most active in late spring through early fall.
Wear long pants and long sleeves, to help keep ticks off your body.
Tuck shirts into pants, and pants into socks, to keep ticks on the outside of clothing.
Wear light colored clothing to help spot ticks more easily.
Use insect repellent, such as DEET, according to the product label.
When hiking, walk in the center of the trail when in woods or high grass. Stay away from brushy areas, high grass and leaf litter.
Check for ticks daily after being in tick habitat.
Talk to your veterinarian about tick control products for pets.
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Repel Ticks with DEET or Permethrin
Use repellents that contain 20 to 30% DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) on exposed skin and clothing for protection that lasts up to several hours. Always follow product instructions. Parents should apply this product to their children, avoiding hands, eyes, and mouth.
Use products that contain permethrin on clothing. Treat clothing and gear, such as boots, pants, socks and tents with products containing 0.5% permethrin. It remains protective through several washings. Pre-treated clothing is available and may be protective longer.
Other repellents registered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) may be found at http://cfpub.epa.gov/oppref/insect/.
www.MarylandTickOff.org www.cdc.gov
Preventing Ticks in the Yard - Creating a Tick-Safe Zone Through Landscaping
Clear tall grasses and brush around homes and at the edge of lawns.
Place a 3-ft wide barrier of wood chips or gravel between lawns and wooded areas and around patios and play equipment. This will restrict tick migration into recreational areas.
Stack wood neatly and in a dry area (discourages rodents that ticks feed on).
Keep playground equipment,
decks, and patios away from yard edges and trees and place them in a sunny location, if possible.
Mow the lawn frequently and keep leaves raked.
Remove any old furniture, mattresses, or trash from the yard that may give ticks a place to hide.
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Preventing Ticks on your pets:
Dogs are very susceptible to tick bites and
tick-borne diseases.
• Vaccines are not available for all the tick-borne
diseases that dogs can get, and they don’t keep the
dogs from bringing ticks into your home.
• For these reasons, it’s important to use a tick
preventive product on your dog.
Tick bites on dogs may be hard to detect.
• Signs of tick-borne disease may not appear for 7-21
days or longer after a tick bite.
• Watch your dog closely for changes in behavior or
appetite if you suspect that your pet has been bitten by
a tick. www.MarylandTickOff.org
www.cdc.gov
Marc Oeder/Stock4B/Getty Images
Reduce the chance for tick-disease for you
and your pets:
Check your pets for ticks daily, especially after they spend time outdoors.
If you find a tick on your dog, remove it right away.
Ask your veterinarian to conduct a tick check at each exam.
Talk to your veterinarian about tick-borne diseases in your area.
Reduce tick habitat in your yard.
Talk with your veterinarian about using tick preventives on your pet.
www.MarylandTickOff.org www.cdc.gov
Tick Removal 1. Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to
the skin's surface as possible.
2. Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick; this can cause the mouth-parts to break off and remain in the skin. If this happens, remove the mouth-parts with tweezers. If you are unable to remove the mouth easily with clean tweezers, leave it alone and let the skin heal.
3. After removing the tick, thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol, an iodine scrub, or soap and water.
4. Dispose of a live tick by submersing it in alcohol, placing it in a sealed bag/container, wrapping it tightly in tape, or flushing it down the toilet. Never crush a tick with your fingers.
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Avoid folklore remedies such as "painting" the tick with nail polish or petroleum jelly, or using heat to
make the tick detach from the skin. Your goal is to remove the tick as quickly as possible--not waiting
for it to detach.
.
Step 2
Step 1
Recognize the symptoms of Lyme Disease:
From 3-30 days after a tick bite, a gradually expanding rash
can occur at the site of the bite in 70-80% of infected people.
The rash can expand over several days to up to 12 inches
and may resemble a bull’s eye.
Fever, headache and fatigue. If untreated, Lyme disease may
progress to involve joints, the nervous system, and the
cardiac system.
Contact your health care provider if you develop any of these
symptoms after a tick bite or after being in tick habitat.
Most cases of tick-borne disease can be cured with
antibiotics, especially when treatment is started early.
Bell’s (facial)
palsy
Bull’s-eye” rash
Arthritis
Take Home Message:
Reducing exposure to ticks is the best defense
against Lyme disease and other tick-borne
infections.
A Lyme disease vaccine is no longer available. •The vaccine manufacturer discontinued production in 2002, citing insufficient consumer demand.
•Protection provided by this vaccine diminishes over time. Therefore, if you received the Lyme disease vaccine before 2002, you are probably no longer protected against Lyme disease.
www.MarylandTickOff.org
www.cdc.gov
Questions
Howard County Health Department
Communicable Disease Surveillance
8930 Stanford Boulevard
Columbia, MD, 21045
410-313-5886/7321
www.hchealth.org
www.MarylandTickOff.org www.cdc.gov