Tibetan Script n Braille

7/28/2019 Tibetan Script n Braille

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Tibetan Braille

Tibetan Braille is thebraillealphabet for writing theTibetan language. It was invented in 1992 by German

socialworkerSabriye Tenberken.[1]It is based on German braille, with some extensions from international

usage. As in print, the vowel a is not written.

Tibetan Braille chartTibetan Braille follows the print orthography. (SeeTibetan script.) This is often a poor match for how words

are pronounced. Each syllable is rendered in the following order:

pre-consonant, superscript consonant, head consonant, subscript consonant, vowel, post-consonant(s)[2]

The invariable consonants are:

Consonants ka kha ga nga ca cha ja nya

Print Braille

Consonants ta tha da na pa pha ba ma

Print

Braille

Consonants tsa tsha dza zha za 'a sha ha

Print

Braille

Several consonants, wa, ya, ra, la, andsa, are provided with forms corresponding to the superscript and

subscript positions in print:[3]

Consonants wa ya ra la sa

Print

Braille as base letter
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as superscript

as subscript

Several of the assignments which do not matchinternational braillehaveGermanvalues: ch forc (ch), j

fory [j], z[ts] fortsh, s [z] forz, sch[] forsh[], [s] fors. The assignments forzh andzmatchinternational conventions as well, as those letters are pronounced like sh ands. Letters which are not basic to

the German alphabet (c, q, x, y) have been reassigned. Several of the aspirated consonants (ch, th, ph) are

equivalent to the corresponding unaspirated consonant with an extra dot in the third row.

The short vowel "a" is inherent in the head (main) consonant, and is not written explicitly. When a vowel

occurs at the beginning of a word, it is carried by anull consonantbig :

Vowels a i u e o

Print

(on )

Braille

References

1.

^Kronenberg, Paul. "Tibetan Braille Script". Braille without Borders.2. ^From email correspondence withSabriye Tenberken: Single consonants are written without a "a". Only i e o and u areindicated. The order goes like this:

first the pre consonant, this could be a b, m d ' etc. Then the main consonant. After the main consonant the vowel and

then the post consonant. If the main consonant has a super or a sub script, an extra letter that indicates the super script or

the subscript is put before and after the main consonant. However it has to be placed before the vowel.

If you have a word with all letters possible, it looks as follows:

1. Pre consonant2. superscript3. main consonant4. sub script5. vowel6. post consonant7. second post consonant

For example: bskrubs

3. ^(Email correspondence/image) Tibetan Braille01.jpg, Braille without Borders
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-BwB_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-BwB_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberkenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberkenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberkenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-BWBimage_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-BWBimage_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-BWBimage_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberkenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Braille#cite_ref-BwB_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_braillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_V.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteClose.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Period.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Braille_Currency.svg


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Tibetan alphabet

Tibetan

Type Abugida

Languages Tibetan

Dzongkha

Ladakhi

Sikkimese

Balti

Tamang

Sherpa

TshanglaGurung

Time

period

c. 650present

Parent

systems

Proto-Sinaitic[a]

Phoenician[a]

o Aramaic[a] Brhm Gupta Siddha Tibetan

Child

systems

Limbu

Lepcha

Phagspa

ISO 15924 Tibt, 330

Direction Left-to-right

Unicode

alias

Tibetan

Unicode

range

U+0F00U+0FFF

[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed

upon.Note: This page may containIPAphonetic symbols.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamang_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamang_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherpa_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherpa_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshangla_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshangla_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurung_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurung_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagspa_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagspa_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping_of_Unicode_charactershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping_of_Unicode_charactershttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPAhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping_of_Unicode_charactershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping_of_Unicode_charactershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15924http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagspa_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurung_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshangla_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherpa_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamang_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script


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The Tibetan alphabet is anabugidaofIndicorigin used to write theTibetan languageas well as the

Dzongkha language,Denzongkha,Ladakhi languageand sometimes theBalti language. The printed form of

the alphabet is calleduchenscript (Tibetan:,Wylie:dbu-can; "with a head") while the hand-writtencursive form used in everyday writing is calledum(Tibetan:,Wylie:dbu-med; "headless").

The alphabet is very closely linked to a broad ethnic Tibetan identity. Besides Tibet, it has also been usedfor Tibetan languages inBhutan,India,Nepal, andPakistan.[1]The Tibetan alphabet is ancestral to the

Limbu alphabet, the Lepcha alphabet,[2]and the multilingual'Phags-pa script.[2]

The Tibetan alphabet isromanizedin a variety of ways.[3]This article employs theWylie transliteration

system.

History

The creation of the Tibetan alphabet is attributed toThonmi Sambhotaof the mid-7th century. Tradition

holds that Thonmi Sambhota, a minister ofSongtsen Gampo(569-649), was sent to India to study the art of

writing, and upon his return introduced the alphabet. The form of thelettersis based on anIndic alphabetofthat period.[4]

Three orthographic standardizations were developed. The most important, an official orthography aimed to

facilitate the translation of Buddhist scriptures, emerged during the early 9th century. Standard orthography

has not altered since then, while the spoken languagehas changedby, for example, losing complex

consonant clusters. As a result, in all modern Tibetan dialects, in particular in theStandard TibetanofLhasa,

there is a great divergence between spelling (which reflects the 9th-century[contradictory] spoken Tibetan) and

pronunciation. This divergence is the basis of an argument in favour ofspelling reform, to write Tibetan "as

it is pronounced", for example, writing "Kagyu" instead of "Bka'-rgyud". In contrast, the pronunciation of

theBalti,LadakhiandBuriglanguages adheres more closely to the archaic spelling.

The Tibetan alphabet has 30consonants, sometimes known as radicals, which are the basis of the script .[2]

ka /k/ kha /k/ ga /k, k/ nga //

ca /t/ cha /t/ ja /t/ nya //

ta /t/ tha /t/ da /t, t/ na /n/

pa /p/ pha /p/ ba /p, p/ ma /m/

tsa /ts/ tsha /ts/ dza /ts/ wa /w/(not originally part of the alphabet)[5]

zha //[6] za /s/ 'a /h/[7]

ya /j/ ra /r/ la /l/

sha //[6]

sa /s/ ha /h/[8]

a //
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C3%AAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C3%AAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C3%AAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Phags-pa_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Phags-pa_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_transliteration_(Wylie)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_transliteration_(Wylie)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_transliteration_(Wylie)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonmi_Sambhotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonmi_Sambhotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonmi_Sambhotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songtsen_Gampohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songtsen_Gampohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songtsen_Gampohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indic_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indic_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indic_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_clusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_clusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Self-contradictory_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Self-contradictory_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Self-contradictory_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_reformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_reformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_reformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-ReferenceA-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelling_reformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Self-contradictory_articleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_clusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indic_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songtsen_Gampohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonmi_Sambhotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_transliteration_(Wylie)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Phags-pa_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C3%AAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladakhi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmic_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abugida


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added as a superscript.[2]R actually changes form when it is above most other consonants; thus rka.

However, an exception to this is the cluster rnya. Similarly, the consonants w, r, and y change form whenthey are beneath other consonants; thus kwa; kra; kya.

Besides being written as subscripts and superscripts, some consonants can also be placed in prescript,

postscript, or post-postscript positions. For instance, the consonants g, d, b, m, and a ("a chung") can beused in the prescript position to the left of other radicals, while the position after a radical (th e postscriptposition), can be hed by the ten consonants g, n, b, d, m, a, r, n , s, and . he third position, the post-postscript position, is solely for the consonants d and s.[2]

Thevowelsused in the alphabet are a, i, u, e, and o. While the vowel a is included in each consonant or

radical, the other vowels are indicated by marks; thus ka, ki, ku, ke,ko. The vowels i, e, and oare placed above consonants as diacritics, while the vowel u is placed underneath consonants.[2]Old Tibetan

included a gigu 'verso' of uncertain meaning. There is no distinction between long and short vowels in

written Tibetan, except inloanwords, especially transcribed from the Sanskrit.

In the Tibetan script, thesyllablesare written from left to right.[9]Syllables are separated by a tseg (); since

many Tibetan words are monosyllabic, this mark often functions almost as a space. Spaces are not used to

divide words.

Although some Tibetan dialects aretonal, the language had no tone at the time of the script's invention, and

there are no dedicated symbols for tone. However, since tones developed from segmental features they can

usually be correctly predicted by the archaic spelling of Tibetan words.

As in other Indic scripts, clustered consonants are often stacked vertically. Unfortunately, some fonts and

applications do not support this behavior for Tibetan, so these examples may not display properly; you

might have to download a font such asTibetan Machine Uni.

Transliteration of Sanskrit

The number plate of a car registered inJammu and Kashmir, in Roman and Tibetan scripts.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanwordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanwordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanwordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-asher-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-asher-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-asher-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Machine_Unihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Machine_Unihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Machine_Unihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tibetancar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tibetancar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Machine_Unihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-asher-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanwordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_note-daniels-2


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Vowels

Devanagari IAST TibetanDependent vowel

signsDevanagari IAST Tibetan

Dependent vowel

signs

a

au

i

u

a

e

ai a

o
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari


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Consonants

Devanagari IAST Tibetan Devanagari IAST Tibetan

ka da

kha dha

ga na

gha pa

a pha

ca ba

cha bha

ja ma

jha ya

a

ra
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari


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a la

ha va

a a

ha a

a sa

ta ha

tha ka

The Sanskrit "cerebral" (retroflex) consonants (a, ha, a, a, a) are represented by the

reversing the letters (ta, tha, da, na, sha) to give (Ta, Tha, Da, Na, Sa).

It is a classic rule to transliterate (ca cha ja jha) to (tsa tsha dza dzha),respectively. Nowadays, (ca cha ja jha) can also be used.

Unicode

Tibetan was originally one of the scripts in the first version of theUnicodeStandard in 1991, in the Unicode

block U+1000U+104F. However, in 1993, in version 1.1, it was removed (the code points it took up wouldlater be used for theBurmese scriptin version 3.0). The Tibetan script was re-added in July, 1996 with the

release of version 2.0.

The Unicode block for Tibetan is U+0F00U+0FFF. It includes letters, digits and various punctuation marksand special symbols used in religious texts. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_scripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex


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Tibetan

Unicode.org chart(PDF)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

U+0F0x

U+0F1x

U+0F2x

U+0F3x

U+0F4x

U+0F5x

U+0F6x

U+0F7x

U+0F8x

U+0F9x

U+0FAx

U+0FBx

U+0FCx

U+0FDx U+0FEx

U+0FFx

Notes

1.Âs of Unicode version 6.12.Ûnicode code points U+0F77 and U+0F79 are deprecated as of Unicode version 6.0

Notes

1. ^Chamberlain 20082. âbcdefDaniels, Peter T. and William Bright. The Worlds Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University

Press, 1996.3. ^See for instance[1][2]4. ^Which specific Indic script inspired the Tibetan alphabet remains controversial. Recent study suggests

Tibetan script was based on an adaption from Khotan of the Indian Brahmi and Gupta scripts taught toThonmi Sambhota in Kashmir (Berzin, Alexander.A Survey of Tibetan History - Reading Notes Taken by

Alexander Berzin from Tsepon, W. D. Shakabpa, Tibet: A Political History. New Haven, Yale UniversityPress, 1967:http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.html).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#endnote_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_versionhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F77_U0F79_Deprecatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F77_U0F79_Deprecatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F77_U0F79_Deprecatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-3http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdfhttp://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdfhttp://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_dz.pdfhttp://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_dz.pdfhttp://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_dz.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-4http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.htmlhttp://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.htmlhttp://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.htmlhttp://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.htmlhttp://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.htmlhttp://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/survey_tibetan_history/chapter_1.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-4http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_dz.pdfhttp://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_bo.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-daniels_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F77_U0F79_Deprecatedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#ref_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_versionhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#endnote_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#endnote_U0F00_as_of_Unicode_version


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5. Ôld Tibetanhad no letter w, which was instead a digraph for 'w.6. âbIn the case of zh and sh the h signifiespalatalization.7. ^The h orapostrophe() usuay signifiesaspiration.8. ^The single letter h represents a voiceless glottal fricative.9. Âsher, R. E. ed. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Tarrytown, N. Y.: Pergamon Press, 1994.

10 vol.

References

Asher, R. E. ed. The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon Press,1994. 10 vol.

Beyer, Stephan V. (1993). The Classical Tibetan Language. Reprinted by Delhi: Sri Satguru. Chamberlain, Bradford Lynn. 2008. Script Selection for Tibetan-related Languages in Multiscriptal

Environments.International Journal of the Sociology of Language 192:117132. Csoma de Krs, Aexander. (1983).A Grammar of the Tibetan Language. Reprinted by Delhi: Sri

Satguru.

Csoma de Krs, Aexander (19801982). Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Vocabulary. 2 vols. Reprintedby Delhi: Sri Satguru.

Daniels, Peter T. and William Bright. The Worlds Writing Systems. New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1996.

Das, Sarat Chandra: he Sacred and Ornamenta Characters of ibet.Journal of the Asiatic Societyof Bengal, vol. 57 (1888), pp. 4148 and 9 plates.

Das, Sarat Chandra. (1996).An Introduction to the Grammar of the Tibetan Language. Reprinted byDelhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Jschke, Heinrich August. (1989). Tibetan Grammar. Corrected by Sunil Gupta. Reprinted by Delhi:Sri Satguru.

External links

Tibetan Calligraphyhow to write the Tibetan script. Learning to Write Tibetanby Don-grub[clarification needed](PDF14 MB /DjVu6.11 MB) Unicode area U0F00-U0FFF, Tibetan script (162KB) Encoding Model of the Tibetan Script in the UCS An index of documents related to the encoding of Tibetan in the Unicode / ISO 10646 standards Jomolhari FontUnicode compatible.Download[dead link] Overview of Tibetan Unicode fonts Tibetan scripts and conservationby Tashi Mannox 2 fontsnot Unicode compatible. 2 fonts: 1 Macintosh, not Unicode compatible.

Origins of Tibetan Calligraphy: History and guide to Tibetan script. Omniglot's Guide to the Tibetan writing system Tibetan Scripts, Fonts & Related IssuesTHDLarticles on Unicode font issues; free cross-platform

OpenType fontsUnicode compatible. Elements of the Tibetan writing system. Introduction to Tibetan Orthography, atKuro5hin Free Tibetan Fonts Project Ancient Scripts: Tibetan Daicing Alphabet of Tibetan Transliteration (DAO) & Daicing Tibetan Keyboard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-asher_9-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-asher_9-0http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts/howtowritethetibetanscripthttp://www.archive.org/details/LearningToWriteTibetanhttp://www.archive.org/details/LearningToWriteTibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://www.archive.org/download/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.pdfhttp://www.archive.org/download/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.pdfhttp://www.archive.org/download/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.pdfhttp://www.archive.org/stream/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.djvuhttp://www.archive.org/stream/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.djvuhttp://www.archive.org/stream/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.djvuhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/encoding%20model%20of%20the%20tibetan%20script%20in%20the%20ucs.htmlhttp://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/encoding%20model%20of%20the%20tibetan%20script%20in%20the%20ucs.htmlhttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptintheucshttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptintheucshttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/jomolharihttp://www.thdl.org/tools/fonts/tibfonts.phphttp://www.thdl.org/tools/fonts/tibfonts.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://www.digitaltibetan.org/index.php/Tibetan_Fontshttp://www.digitaltibetan.org/index.php/Tibetan_Fontshttp://www.tashimannox.com/index.php/tibetan-calligraphy/about-the-artist/scripts-and-conservationhttp://www.tashimannox.com/index.php/tibetan-calligraphy/about-the-artist/scripts-and-conservationhttp://www.nitartha.org/downloads.html#FontFileshttp://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/tibetan.htmlhttp://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/tibetan.htmlhttp://www.tibetan-calligraphy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=3http://www.tibetan-calligraphy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=3http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tibetan.htmhttp://www.omniglot.com/writing/tibetan.htmhttp://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/home.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THDLhttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/thetibetanwritingsystemhttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/thetibetanwritingsystemhttp://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/5/01839/12103http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/5/01839/12103http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuro5hinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuro5hinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuro5hinhttp://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/http://www.ancientscripts.com/tibetan.htmlhttp://www.ancientscripts.com/tibetan.htmlhttp://www.daicing.com/manchu/index.php?page=tibetan-dao-daicing-keyboardhttp://www.daicing.com/manchu/index.php?page=tibetan-dao-daicing-keyboardhttp://www.daicing.com/manchu/index.php?page=tibetan-dao-daicing-keyboardhttp://www.ancientscripts.com/tibetan.htmlhttp://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/free-tibetan/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuro5hinhttp://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/5/01839/12103http://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/thetibetanwritingsystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THDLhttp://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/home.htmlhttp://www.omniglot.com/writing/tibetan.htmhttp://www.tibetan-calligraphy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=3http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/fonts/tibetan.htmlhttp://www.nitartha.org/downloads.html#FontFileshttp://www.tashimannox.com/index.php/tibetan-calligraphy/about-the-artist/scripts-and-conservationhttp://www.digitaltibetan.org/index.php/Tibetan_Fontshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://www.thdl.org/tools/fonts/tibfonts.phphttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/jomolharihttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/tibetanscriptintheucshttp://www.thlib.org/tools/#wiki=/access/wiki/site/26a34146-33a6-48ce-001e-f16ce7908a6a/encoding%20model%20of%20the%20tibetan%20script%20in%20the%20ucs.htmlhttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdfhttp://www.archive.org/stream/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.djvuhttp://www.archive.org/download/LearningToWriteTibetan/AllPdfLearningToWriteTibetan.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://www.archive.org/details/LearningToWriteTibetanhttp://sites.google.com/site/chrisfynn2/home/tibetanscriptfonts/howtowritethetibetanscripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-asher_9-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostrophehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_script#cite_ref-5

Documents

Tibetan Script n Braille