Tibetan! 5.3 for Word Manual

Word

Tibetan! 5.3

TIBETAN FORWORD FOR WINDOWSAND THE MACINTOSH

P.O. Box 4957KathmanduNEPALhttp://www.tibet.dk/tcc

Copyright 2000-2001 Tony DuffBase Tibetan Keyboard Code Licenced to Trace Foundation,2001 and made available to the public under GPL (GeneralPublic Licence) by Trace Foundation, 2001

Contents: page 1

ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

A Message From the AuthorAbout This SoftwareOur Word-Processors in BriefBetter Quality FontsAuthorized Distributors

Licence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

UPDATES and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Step One: Installing and Setting up the Software for PCs . . . . . . . . 13-141. Tibetan Font Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132. Tibetan Keyboard Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143. Extra Setup and Keyboard Shortcut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Step One: Installing and Setting up the Software for Macintoshs . . 15-161. Tibetan Font Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152. Tibetan Keyboard Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153. Extra Setup and Keyboard Shortcut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Step Two: Recognizing The Tibetan Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-201. TibetanMachine Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172. TibetanCalligraphic Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173. DzongkhaCalligraphic Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174. TibetanAmDris Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185. TibetanClassic Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Tibetan Typeface Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Step Three: Choosing a Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-221. Who Can Use What . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212. You Want Best Quality Tibetan Text? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213. Publishing to the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214. Tibetan E-mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225. Changing Between Fonts Type After You Have Chosen Them . . . . . . . . . 22

Step Four: Learning Some Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-241. Tibetan Fonts and Characters in Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Step Five: Typing Tibetan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-301. Two Styles of Tibetan Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252. The Wylie Tibetan Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253. The Standard Tibetan Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Contents: page 2

Detailed Instructions for the Standard Tibetan Keyboard . . . . . . . . . 31-341. Typing Normal Tibetan Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312. Typing Tibetan-Sanskrit (:#

Contents: page 3

Appendix IV. Contents of the Distribution Diskettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

The Tibetan Keyboard #1 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

The Tibetan Keyboard #2 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Contents: page 4

Introduction: page 5

A Message from the AuthorThe Tibetan Computer Company was started in 1986. It pro-duced and sold the first Tibetan word-processing software forthe PC. Since then, the products and fonts of the Tibetan Com-puter Company have been continually developed and improved. In the 1990's they became the defacto standard for Tibetanword-processing, especially in Asia.

It has been my wish since the early 1990's that some of oursoftwarea basic Tibetan typeface and word-processingprogramcould be made available free for those needing it,Tibetans and non-Tibetans alike. Unfortunately, the high costsinvolved in developing the program have prevented us frombeing able to give it away.

Recently, the Trace Foundation of New York, USA, providedthe assistance required for provision of free software. They havelicenced a a complete, general purpose Tibetan typeface and twoTibetan word-processing programs from us and in turn haveprovided those to the public under a GNU General PublicLicence. These programs and the accompanying typeface aresufficient for all ordinary word-processing needs. Many thanks

are due to the Trace Foundation.

Following this, Trace Foundation provided further assistanceso that the software could be improved. We were able toproduce a version of the software that worked equally well andexactly the same in both Windows and the Macintosh. We werealso able to produce a new version of the TibetanMachinetypeface which worked on both Windows and Macintoshcomputers. The new typeface was named TibetanMachine Web.The new programs and typeface were made available free underGNU General Public Licence.

The program for Word still lacked many important features suchas a Wylie keyboard system, and so on. Therefore, we havecontinued on and added many features to the programs that makeit suitable for Westerners and Tibetans alike. The result is whatyou have here.

Yours sincerely,Tony DuffAuthor of the software and fonts.

About this softwareThis particular package adds Tibetan text capability to MicrosoftWord for Windows and the Macintosh. Once Tibetan text hasbeen typed into Word with it, the text can be exported to anyWindows or Macintosh program that supports fonts correctly.

The program is not good for making pecha because Word doesnot provide the graphics capabilities needed for true pecha. Ifyou want to make pecha, please use Tibetan! 5 for WordPerfectpackage or our TibetDoc software in conjunction with it.

One general-purpose, Tibetan typeface, called TibetanMa-chine, and its derivative TibetanMachine Web are provided

free for use with programs that support them, e.g., the Wordprogram described here. However, other, higher qualitytypefaces are available from Tibetan Computer Company forthose who need something better. Samples and fulldocumentation of these typefaces are given further on in thismanual and in the file TCC Tibetan Typefaces Samples.pdf included in the distribution files. Note that these othertypefaces are not free; they must be purchased from us or ourauthorized distributor.

Our Word-Processors in BriefWe have three different word-processing products for Windows,one for the Macintosh, and one for DOS each aimed at adifferent end-user.

1) Tibetan! 5 for WordPerfect for Windows has the advantagethat it can be used for making authentic Tibetan pecha. Wordfor Windows and the Macintosh simply lacks the features neededto make authentic pecha. WordPerfect on the other hand doeshave the required features. WordPerfect is also well-known as

being the best software for handling XML text.

2) Many end-users prefer to use Word. And it is true that forplain Tibetan text and simple purposes, Word is perceived asbeing easier to use than WordPerfect. Thus we provide thiscomplete system for Word on both the Windows and Macintoshplatforms called Tibetan! 5 for Word.

3) We have a standalone, custom-programmed word-processor


for Windows called TibetDoc. It is an excellent editor for Tibet-an and includes features such as a Tibetan spelling checker notfound in the other products. Tibetan text typed into TibetDoccan be saved in many different formats, including Word andWordPerfect. Our idea is that TibetDoc could be the main toolfor Tibetan Word-processing and that other applications suchas WordPerfect, Word, and so on could be used to provideformatting features that TibetDoc does not. A special featureof TibetDoc is that it has the means to make Tibetan text in adistributable format that you can use for distributing your workto others. So it is like an Adobe Acrobat for Tibetan.

Windows users might like to purchase one CD containing allof our word-processing products for Windows and the Mac-

intosh, including TibetDoc. It is available from Snow LionPublications at a reasonable price.

4) We continue to sell our word-processing product Tibetan!4 for DOS. For those who want to make truly authentic Tibetanpecha, this is still for may reasons the best program to use. Thetruth of this is verified by the fact that in Asia, the Tibetan! 4for DOS program is the standard Tibetan word-processor in use. For a complete comparison of the four wordprocessors, look upthe comparison table on our web-site at:

http://www.tibet.dk/tcc/download/wprotabl.pdf.or see the text called Wordprocessor table.pdfon thedistribution CD.

Our Other ProductsWe specialize in electronic products of the very highest qualityfor Tibetan loanguage studies. In particular, our dictionaries andelectronic texts are very famous for their accuracy and ease ofuse: The New Electronic Edition of Sarat Chandra Dass

classic Tibetan-English Dictionary in TibetD format.Comes with TibetD Reader-Only software.

The Illuminator Tibetan-English Dictionary in TibetDformat. Comes with TibetD Reader-Only software. Adictionary from Lotsawa Tony Duff.

Other Native Tibetan works and translations in electronicformat.

All of these items can be purchased through our electronic shopat http://www/tibet.dk/pktc/onlinepubs.com

For information on dictionaries and Buddhist texts see thePadma Karpo Translation Committee web site athttp://www.tibet.dk/pktc

and the Drukpa Kagyu Heritage Project site athttp://www.tibet.dk/dkhp.

Also see the Snow Lion Publications web-site athttp://www.snowlionpub.com.

Better Quality FontsWe have two typefaces better in quality than the free TibetanMachine typeface. These fonts enhance any of our products,not only the word-processors:

TibetanCalligraphic typeface to go with any TCC pro-grams. A high quality typeface especially suitable forTibetan publishing. If you are going to publish anyTibetan text you should at least purchase this font.

TibetanClassic typeface to with any of the above

programs. The highest quality typeface for those whowant the very best in Tibetan publishing.

For samples and descriptions of the fonts, see the section in thisdocumentation on page 17. Alternatively, view or print the pdffile that comes with the program called TCC Tibetan TypefacesSamples.pdf.

Also see our web site at http://www.tibet.dk/tcc or the SnowLion Publications web-site at http://www.snowlionpub.com.

Authorized DistributorsAll of our software, fonts, dictionaries, and texts can be purchased through our authorized distributors.


1) The fastest and easiest way to purchase our software is online.See our page with link to our electronic shop at All of theseitems can be purchased through our electronic shop athttp://www/tibet.dk/pktc/onlinepubs.com

2)World-wide distributor:Snow Lion PublicationsP.O. Box 6483Ithaca NY 14851USA

Tel.: +1 (800) 950-0313 (toll-free) or +1 (607) 273-8519

Go to their web-site at http://www.snowlionpub.com for moreinformation, e-mail contact, and direct purchases using the inter-net.

3) In Kathmandu, NepalTibetan Computer CompanyP.O. Box 4957KathmanduNepal

Contact at:+977 (1) 273742 or send e-mail [email protected]

Licence: page 9

LicenceThe rights to the Tibetan! 5 for Word and TibetanMachine type-face are owned by Tony Duff 2000-2001.

Version 5.0 of the software Tibetan! 5 software was licencedto Trace Foundation, New York, by Tony Duff under a non-exclusive, world-wide licence in April, 2001. Trace Foundationhas provided the software to the public under GNU GeneralPublic Licence version 2. The TibetanMachine Web typefaceis derived from the licenced TibetanMachine typeface and is alsoavailable to the public under GNU General Public Licenceversion 2.

You may obtain a copy of the Tibetan! 5.0 software and fontsfrom the internet or from Trace Foundation and use them freely.You may distribute that software to others, too.

Versions of the software later than 5.0, including this one,contain large portions of code that have not been licenced forfree use. Those versions, including this one, must be purchasedand may not be passed around freely.

Tibetan Computer Company has other products and typefaces.These too are not free. They must be purchased by individualusers for use on their machines from an authorized distributorof the software. Any illegal distribution of non-free softwareor typefaces will be fully prosecuted under law.

Licence: page 10

Updates and support: page 11

UPDATESThere is one and only one authentic place to obtain updates.Many web sites now carry our free software but most of themhave early versions obtained from the original, free distributionCDs. Our web site at:

http://www.tibet.dk/tccis the only place that you can obtained the latest versions of thesoftware and fonts. We actively improve the software and fontsand add to the documentation. All of this latest material is only

available at the site give. Please check the site from time totime.

Support From the AuthorThe only support provided is in the form of updates onthe web site above.

Support in KathmanduFull support for the program can be obtained in Kathmandu fromNgawang Tenphel Dorje.

Tenphel as he is known has more experience than anyone exceptthe author of the program with the products of Tibetan ComputerCompany. He has spent many years being the manager of majorTibetan text preservation project. He was the authors right handman in the Drukpa Kagyu Heritage Project for many years andlearned everything about the software there. He now has a

company called TD Computer Parkhang in Kathmandu.

In Kathmandu, NepalTD Computer ParkhangP.O. Box 2534KathmanduNepal

Contact at:+977 (1) 478032 or send e-mail [email protected]

Updates and support: page 12

Step one:Installing and Setting up the Software for Windows: page 13

Step One: Installing and Setting up the software for PCsFirst install Word for Windows. The Tibetan software wasdeveloped in Word 97 and Word 2000. It works in both andshould work in any subsequent version of Word.

1. TIBETAN FONT INSTALLATION

We make several Tibetan typefaces. The program comesstandard with the one called TibetanMachine and a versionof that called TibetanMachine Web which is the same asTibetanMachine but has been altered so that it will work onboth PC and Macintosh computers. Additional typefaces areavailable for optional purchase. See page 17ff for completeinformation on TibetanMachine and TibetanMachine Web.You will also find information and samples of our higher-quality Tibetan typefaces there, too.

The free Tibetan Machine and TibetanMachine Web typefacesthat come with this package are not installed using a fontinstaller. Rather, the five fonts of the TibetanMachine and/orten fonts of the TibetanMachine typeface are includeduncompressed on the distribution disk and should be installedusing the standard Windows method. To do this, go to theWindows start menu. Then go to settings on the menu, thenopen control panel, then start the fonts applet from the controlpanel window. From the file menu of the font installerwindow that appears, press install fonts and a new windowwill appear. Use the appropriate controls on this Window topoint to the CD or wherever you have the TibetanMachineand TibetanMachine Web fonts. When you have found theTibetanMachine fonts, five Tibetan Machine fonts as listedbelow will appear. Select all five and press the OK button toinstall them. Once they are installed, you will find them listedin the main Window of the font installer. Then, when youhave found the TibetanMachine Web fonts, ten fonts as listedbelow will appear. Select all ten and press the OK button toinstall them. Once they are installed, you will find them listedin the main Window of the font installer.

Our other fonts, which are for sale only and are not free, comewith a font installer and complete instructions on installation.To install these optional typefaces, follow the instructionsprovided with the typefaces. Then, because of the way thatWindows is designed, it is a good idea to reboot your systemafter installing fonts, although not absolutely necessary.

You can test to see whether the fonts have installed by startingWord and looking at the font list. You should find five fontsfor each of the PC style typefaces you installed as follows:

TibetanMachine

TibetanMachineSkt1TibetanMachineSkt2TibetanMachineSkt3TibetanMachineSkt4

TibetanCalligraphicTibetanCalligraphicSktTibetanCalligraphicSkt2TibetanCalligraphicSkt3TibetanCalligraphicSkt4

TibetanClassicTibetanClassicSkt1TibetanClassicSkt2TibetanClassicSkt3TibetanClassicSkt4

DzongkhaCalligraphicDzongkhaCalligraphicSkt1DzongkhaCalligraphicSkt2DzongkhaCalligraphicSkt3DzongkhaCalligraphicSkt4

You should find ten fonts for each of the Web style typefacesyou installed as follows:

TibetanMachineWebTibetanMachineWeb1TibetanMachineWeb2TibetanMachineWeb3TibetanMachineWeb4TibetanMachineWeb5TibetanMachineWeb6TibetanMachineWeb7TibetanMachineWeb8TibetanMachineWeb9

To verify the names of the fonts in Word, do not look at thefont list that drops down from the toolbar. Use the font listunder Format, fonts.

(Note: in newer versions of Windows, a font is shown in thefont-list using the characters in the fonts, which is good forWestern fonts but means you cannot verify the above names.To change it so that the names are listed in an English font,please go to Tools, Customize, Options Tab and remove thetick in the box next to List font names in their font.)

In the end, if you can find a set of five fonts for the PC typefaceyou installed and ten for the Web style typeface then fontinstallation is finished. If they simply dont appear, you havenot installed them. If they only partially appear then you have

Step one:Installing and Setting up the Software for Windows: page 14

yet to install the ones that are missing.

2. TIBETAN KEYBOARD INSTALLATION

First, if you have previously installed the sample Tibetankeyboard that used to be available from our web-site, deleteit now by deleting the TCCTibetan!Sample.dot file from thestartup directory where you previously installed it. Althoughit doesnt make any difference, you might also want to un-install the TibetanMachineSample font; use the delete menuitem on Control Panel, Fonts to do that.

Second, the Tibetan keyboard and the toolbar for using it arecontained in custom template files called

TCCTibetan! 97.DOTTCCTibetan! 2000.DOT

in the Custom Word Templates folder on the distributionmedia. The number in the name refers to the version of Wordthat it is designed for use with. Choose the appropriate fileand copy it into the startup folder of your Word or Officeinstallation. The location of the startup folder can be foundby looking under Tools, options, file locations in Word. Byinstalling the new template in that folder, the contents of thetemplate are available whenever you start Word.

When you have finished copying the appropriate file, startWord. The new template should be automatically loaded andactivated. If it is, you will see the button shown in the picturebelow on the toolbar at the top of the window. In that case,your installation and set up is finished.

If you cannot see it, first check to see whether the templateis loaded. Look at Tools off Words menu then look at Tem-plates and add-ins. You should see the TCCTibetan!...template listed and the check box beside it should be ticked.If it is not there at all, you probably did not copy it into thestartup directly properly and need to repeat the copyinginstructions given above. If it is there but not ticked, pleasetick it now by clicking on it. After you have done the above,the button might appear on the toolbar. If it does, you arefinished.

If you successfully complete the above but still do not see it,

you must activate the Tibetan Keyboard toolbar. Go to Tools,Customize and look at the Toolbar tab. At the very bottomof the list on that tab, you will see the name of a toolbar TCCTibetan!. Activate it by clicking the box next to it so that atick appears then close the window. As soon as you click it,a new toolbar will appear with a red letter

! to the left of the

name TCC Tibetan Keyboard as in the image. You are nowfinished with the installation and setup.

3. EXTRA SETUP ANDKEYBOARD SHORTCUT

The keyboard works using a set of macros and a toolbar inTCCTibetan!.dot template. If you would like to delete thattoolbar and set up your own, or if you would like to do anyother customization, the macro that runs all of the Tibetankeyboard and which needs to be put on a toolbar is called:

A_Tibetan_KeyboardWith that information you can do all sorts of customizationusing Words built in procedures.

For example, we have already assigned a short-cut key to theTibetan keyboard. The accelerator key is CTRL-a. However,by doing that, we have removed the normal CTRL-a SelectAll shortcut. If you want to get back the CTRL-a shortcut toSelect All use the normal procedures of Word to reassign itas follows. Go to Tools, Customize and click on the Key-board button at the bottom of the window. Go down the listtothe left till you come to Edit. Click on that and then scrolldown the right list till you come to EditSelectAll. Click onthat and then put the cursor in the Press new shortcut key box.Press Ctrl-A and then Assign and the original assignment willbe back.

If you want to assign a new key to the Tibetan keyboard, theprocess is similar. Go to Tools, Customize and click on theKeyboard button at the bottom of the window. Go down thelist to the left till you come to Macros. Click on that and thenscroll down the right list till you come to A_Tibetan_Key-board. Click on that and then put the cursor in the Press newshortcut key box. Press the key assignment that you wantthen press Assign and you will have a new keyboard shortcutfor the Tibetan keyboard.

Step one:Installing and Setting up the Software for the Macintosh: page 15

Step One: Installing and Setting up the software for MacintoshThe Tibetan software for the Macintosh works only in Office2001. First install that.

1. TIBETAN FONT INSTALLATION

We make several Tibetan typefaces. The only one that workson a Macintosh at the moment is a specially prepared versionof the PC typeface called TibetanMachine. This speciallyprepared version works equally well on the PC and the Macin-tosh; it is called TibetanMachine Web. If there is demand forthe better quality typefaces on the Macintosh we will producedthem, so send us your requests! See page 17ff for completeinformation on and samples of all of our typefaces, includingTibetanMachine Web.

The TibetanMachine Web typeface for installation on theMacintosh comes as a font suitcase with ten fonts in it. Weprovide it in uncompressed and stuffed formats for yourconvenience. There are ten TibetanMachine Web fonts intypeface. Their names are:

TibetanMachineWebTibetanMachineWeb1TibetanMachineWeb2TibetanMachineWeb3TibetanMachineWeb4TibetanMachineWeb5TibetanMachineWeb6TibetanMachineWeb7TibetanMachineWeb8TibetanMachineWeb9

Install the fonts using the standard procedures. To verify thenames of the fonts in Word, do not look at the font list thatdrops down from the toolbar. Use the font list under Format,fonts.

(Note: in Word, the name of a font is shown in the font-listusing the characters in the fonts, which is good for Westernfonts but means you cannot verify the above names in aTibetan font. To change it so that the names are listed in anEnglish font, please go to Tools, Customize, Options Taband remove the tick in the box next to List font names intheir font.)

In the end, if you can find a set of ten fonts for the Web styletypeface then font installation is finished. If they simply dontappear, you have not installed them. If they only partiallyappear then you have yet to install the ones that are missing.

2. TIBETAN KEYBOARD INSTALLATION

The Tibetan keyboard and the toolbar for using it are containedin a custom template file for Word called

TCCTibetan! Macon the distribution media.

This file will only work in Word that comes with Office 2001for the Macintosh (due to bugs in the Office code in previousversions which Microsoft has declined to fix). Copy the fileto the startup folder of your Word or Office installation. Byinstalling the new template in that folder, the contents of thetemplate are available whenever you start Word.

When you have finished copying the appropriate file, startWord. The new template should be automatically loaded andactivated. If it is, you will see the button shown in the picturebelow on the toolbar at the top of the window. In that case,your installation and set up is finished.

If you cannot see it, first check to see whether the template isloaded. Look at Tools off Words menu then look at Tem-plates and add-ins. You should see the TCCTibetan! Mactemplate listed and the check box beside it should be ticked.If it is not there at all, you probably did not copy it into thestartup directly properly and need to repeat the copyinginstructions given above. If it is there but not ticked, pleasetick it now by clicking on it. After you have done the above,the button might appear on the toolbar. If it does, you arefinished.

If you successfully complete the above but still do not see it,you must activate the Tibetan Keyboard toolbar. Go to Tools,Customize and look at the Toolbar tab. At the very bottomof the list on that tab, you will see the name of a toolbar TCCTibetan!. Activate it by clicking the box next to it so that atick appears then close the window. As soon as you click it,a new toolbar will appear with a red letter

! to the left of the

name TCC Tibetan Keyboard as in the image. You are nowfinished with the installation and setup.

3. EXTRA SETUP ANDKEYBOARD SHORTCUT

Step one:Installing and Setting up the Software for the Macintosh: page 16

The keyboard works using a set of macros and a toolbar inthe template. If you would like to delete that toolbar and setup your own, or if you would like to do any othercustomization, the macro that runs all of the Tibetan keyboardand which needs to be put on a toolbar is called:

A_Tibetan_KeyboardWith that information you can do all sorts of customizationusing Words built in procedures.

For example, we have already assigned a short-cut key to theTibetan keyboard. The accelerator key is CTRL-a. However,by doing that, we have removed the normal CTRL-a SelectAll shortcut. If you want to get back the CTRL-a shortcutto Select All use the normal procedures of Word to reassignit as follows. Go to Tools, Customize and click on the Key-board button at the bottom of the window. Go down the listtothe left till you come to Edit. Click on that and then scrolldown the right list till you come to EditSelectAll. Click onthat and then put the cursor in the Press new shortcut keybox. Press Ctrl-A and then Assign and the originalassignment will be back.

If you want to assign a new key to the Tibetan keyboard, theprocess is similar. Go to Tools, Customize and click on theKeyboard button at the bottom of the window. Go down thelist to the left till you come to Macros. Click on that and thenscroll down the right list till you come to A_Tibetan_Key-board. Click on that and then put the cursor in the Press new

shortcut key box. Press the key assignment that you wantthen press Assign and you will have a new keyboard shortcutfor the Tibetan keyboard.

Step Two: Recognizing The Tibetan Fonts: page 17

Step Two: Recognizing The Tibetan FontsThe fonts available from Tibetan Computer Company are regard-ed at this time as the best in the world. They are regarded as themost authentic and, on top of that, as very beautiful. Thischapter gives an introduction to all of the fonts that have beenmade to go with our software.

All of our Windows software comes standard with Tibet-anMachine typeface. Tibetan Calligraphic, TibetanClassic, and Dzongkha Calligraphic are optionallyavailable.

Our DOS product comes standard with TibetanAmdris,TibetanMachine, and both Tibetan and DzongkhaCalligraphic typefaces. Tibetan Classic is available as anoption.

There is now a new version of TibetanMachine calledTibetanMachine Web. This comes with our software forWord for Windows and Word for the Macintosh.

TibetanMachine is the most versatile of all of the typefaces,which is why we licenced it for free use and why we include itstandard with every software package.

However, TibetanCalligraphic is much more suitable whenit comes to making pecha and TibetanClassic is the best fontavailable in the world for making pecha. Therefore, if you aregoing to make pecha, we strongly recommend that you purchaseeither TibetanCalligraphic or TibetanClassic for that purpose.

Tibetan Machine is very easy to look at on the screen, thoughfor intensive viewing Tibetan Calligraphic is best. TibetanClassic renders well on the screen only on higher resolutiondevices (1024 x 768 or greater).

1. TIBETAN MACHINEAND TIBETAN MACHINE WEB

TYPEFACE

The first typeface that Mr. Duff created in the mid-1980's wasthe TibetanMachine typeface. It was modeled on a Tibetantypeface that was developed in India early in the 20th. century.The typeface was created by Presbyterian missionaries livingin Calcutta who wanted to convert Tibetan Buddhists toChristianity. Thus, the typeface is usually referred to theCalcutta typeface but is sometimes known as thePresbyterian typeface. The typeface was cast in metal andbecame used throughout India for several decades as the standardfont for reproducing Tibetan books in India.

The Calcutta typeface is easy to read and was popular amongst

Tibetans for a long time which is why a computer typeface wasdesigned after it. However, the original design was not veryelegant, so the computer design was improved markedly overthe original. Since its first introduction in 1987, TibetanMachinehas been improved upon considerably. After several majorrevisions it has been made very elegant whilst still retaining thefeel of the original design. Because the computer typeface wasderived from a typeface intended for mechanical reproductionand because it was built especially for use with mechanicalprinters, the typeface was named Machine.

TibetanMachine has quite short descenders and so is particularlyuseful for applications such as newspaper publishing, makingtables, and making short pecha where a small line height isrequired. The typeface also has a rounded quality which makesit very legible, even at very small point sizes. For this reasonit is especially suitable for printing the sheets of dharai andmantras which need to be rolled up and put into statues, stpas,and so on. The typeface has a very formal feel to it and so isuseful for all sorts of true publication applications such as bookpublishing. and so on.

Many people have requested a slanted version of Tibetantypefaces, like the Italics of European typefaces. Such adesign goes completely against the design principles of u.chanlettering so we do not provide it. However, it is possible, byitalicizing Tibetan text with the word-processor to obtain thateffect. A slanted form should not be used for pecha-making orother traditional purposes.

This typeface was used to produce the TibetanMachine Webtypeface. TibetanMachine Web has exactly the same appearanceas TibetanMachine because no changes were made to thecharacters in the typeface. However, the characters in theTibetanMachine typeface were moved into different positionsand spread out amongst more fonts to make TibetanMachineWeb with the result that TibetanMachine Web works on bothPC and Macintosh platforms.

Moreover, the TibetanMachine Web typeface can be usedsuccessfully for web publishing and also for e-mail where theTibetanMachine typeface cannot. More details are found in thenext chapter.

2. TIBETAN CALLIGRAPHIC FONT

Following the introduction of TibetanMachine typeface, workwas started on a new typeface that would be very authentic andmost suitable for publishing Tibetan texts. The new typeface

Step Two: Recognizing The Tibetan Fonts: page 18

was called TibetanCalligraphic and was designed with anoticeable difference between the thicks and thins of the strokesin the letters. The first designs were somewhat ugly and theinter-letter spacing was not good. However, the font wentthrough several revisions and a major renovation in early 1997which made the typeface exceptionally attractive. The newdesign with all of its features has been repeatedly praised byTibetans as very authentic and highly desirable for use inpublishing native texts. It is without doubt the premier font inthe package and certainly the most suitable font in this softwarefor publishing pecha.

The font in general has a formal look and, with longer descend-ers than TibetanMachine typeface, is very suited to makingpecha and other documents where a native look is required.The design is very readable and particularly suited to pecha-making. However, it does not reproduce well at very smallsizes. For example, when very small letters are required formaking dharai for stuffing stpas and statues (8-10 points)TibetanMachine is more legible.

The Tibetan newspaper called Nyenchen Thanglha publishedin Kathmandu, Nepal is made using this typeface.

3. DZONGKHA CALLIGRAPHIC FONT

In 1997, the Dzongkha Development Commission of the RoyalGovernment of Bhutan licensed a special version of the Tibetan!program for use throughout the Kingdom of Bhutan. At thattime, they requested that the a Dzongkha-style font be made togo with the new package. In order to fulfill their requirements,the TibetanCalligraphic font was modified to make a new fontcalled DzongkhaCalligraphic. The DzongkhaCalligraphic fonthas the same qualities as mentioned above under theTibetanCalligraphic font but the numerals, letters !, &, theirderivatives, the numerals, and the various signs have allbeen changed to the Dzongkha look.

4. TIBETAN AMDRIS FONT

A fourth typeface, TibetanAmDris, was produced based on a

design published by Dongthog Rinpoche for an Elegant Tibetandbu.can Script some years ago. The strokes of the letters arequite thin compared with TibetanMachine and Calligraphic, astyle more in keeping with the so-called Am.bris style of writing.The font was developed directly in postscript format but wasleft a little rough compared to TibetanMachine and Tibetan-Calligraphic so that it would have a hand-written look. Thehand-written look that it has makes it very suitable to certainapplications where an informal look is required, such as inreproduction of poetry in the midst of other text. This font hasnot been made available for Windows as yet.

5. TIBETAN CLASSIC FONT

Authentic Tibetan calligraphy gives U.chan letters a sculptedlook which is not usually reproduced these days; in modernwriting style, letters are written with the serifs in an oblique slabrather than having the earlier sculpted look. The fonts mentionedabove all follow the more modern style so another font, calledTibetanClassic, was made from the TibetanCalligraphic designbut with the older style of serif. A great deal of effort was putinto developing the font to be as close to original Tibetan scriptas possible and with very high quality. The font is a beautifullydesigned and correctly proportioned representation of the oldercalligraphic lettering style Tibet and is truly representative ofthe older style of calligraphy made with a bamboo pen. Thetypeface has delicately curved descenders and certain otherdesign features which follow exactly the most elegant way oftraditional writing. It is by far the best font available in the worldfor publishing pecha and other formal materials.

Note that this font used to be called Tibetan ChosGyal Classic.

To purchase the optional fonts, contact one of the TibetanComputer Company distributors (see page 6).

Tibetan Font Samples: page 19

Tibetan Font Samples using Lord Gampopas Oral Instructions on Mahamudra courtesy Drukpa Kagyu Heritage Project

,-0--9 B-7i-/7-0#,--*#

Tibetan Font Samples: page 20

Tibetan Font Samples using Lord Gampopas Oral Instructions on Mahamudra courtesy Drukpa Kagyu Heritage Project

,-0--9 B-7i-/7-0#,--*#

Step Three: Choosing a Font: page 21

Step Three: Choosing a FontAs stated in the last chapter, the TibetanMachine typeface is ageneral-purpose typeface that has been put made publiclyavailable. The TibetanMachine typeface was built for high-quality publishing in Windows. Because of the resultingarrangement of characters in the typeface, it could not work onthe Macintosh, could not be used for making web-pages, andit also could not be used for sending e-mail.

The original TibetanMachine for Windows came as a series offive fonts. To make the typeface work on the Macintosh, thecharacters of the five fonts were re-arranged into a set of tenfonts. The re-arranged version still looks the same as the originalbut now works equally well on both Windows and Macintoshsides. Furthermore, it now works for making pages for the Weband it for sending e-mail.

The new version of the Tibetan Machine typeface is calledTibetan Machine Web. You should not confuse this with theTibetan Machine typeface. There is no difference in the designof the individual characters in the fonts but there is a differencein how they are arranged amongst the fonts that the user will use.

1. WHO CAN USE WHAT

If you are a Macintosh user, you can only use the Web font; theTibetanMachine and other Windows style fonts will not workon your computer.

If you are Windows user you can use any of our fonts. You canuse TibetanMachine or TibetanMachine Web for free and youcan purchase our better typefaces and use those, too.

2. YOU WANT BEST QUALITYTIBETAN TEXT?

If you want the very best appearance of Tibetan text you shouldwork in a PC and either use the TibetanMachine typeface (notthe Web version) or one of our better typefaces.

There is a difference between TibetanMachine and Tibetan-Machine Web. When we made Tibetan Machine Web, we hadto break Tibetan Machine up into twice as many fonts. Doingthis means that many of the very fine features of the typefacewere lost. For example, there is a lot of kerning in the TibetanMachine font which really improves its appearance on the page.This kerning is all gone from the Tibetan Machine Web fonts.That doesn't mean to say that the Tibetan Machine Web fontsare ugly; to the contrary, they look very similar to the TibetanMachine fonts. However, the new fonts do not have all of the

fine details of the original fonts. These very fine details do notmatter for standard letters, e-mails, or publishing on the Web.However, for somebody who wants the very best appearanceof Tibetan lettering, TibetanMachine Web is definitely inferiorto TibetanMachine or any of our other fonts used underWindows; PC users should be using the Tibetan Machinetypeface under Windows where possible

If you are working on a PC, you can use both the original Tibet-anMachine fonts for publishing purposes and switch to Tibetan-Machine Web for making text for web-publishing, e-mail, orsending to a Macintosh user. This is very easy to do; when yourun the Tibetan keyboard for Word under Windows, you canchoose whether to use Tibetan Machine or Tibetan MachineWeb and you can change fonts on-the-fly.

To repeat, for somebody on a PC who does want compatibilitywith the Macintosh or is concerned about e-mail or webpublishing it is correct to use TibetanMachine Web. At anyother time, for better quality of Tibetan text, you should be usingTibetanMachine or one of our better typefaces for Windows.

As was stated in the last chapter, the Tibetan Machine typefaceis very suitable for many purposes and will serve the generalneeds of many people. However, some people will want an evenhigher quality typeface for publishing. We have two levels ofbetter quality typeface: Tibetan Calligraphic and Tibetan Classic.These can be purchased from us directly or from our distributor,Snow Lion Publications. At the moment, these special typefacesare only available in Windows format. Thus, those twotypefaces cannot be used on the Macintosh at the moment. Ifwe have requests for these typefaces to be converted to the Webstyle typeface that will work on the Macintosh and we willconsider doing that work and modifying the keyboards for theMacintosh so that they support those typefaces.

3. PUBLISHING TO THE WEB

TibetanMachine will not work for web publishing but Tibetan-Machine Web will. To publish to the web, type your text usingthe TibetanMachine Web typeface. Transfer the text to yourHTML files. The text will render correctly on any browser onany computer. (That is true as long as the browser does not havefaults displaying fonts. For instance, Internet Explorer 5.5 hasa bug in it which incorrectly spaces Tibetan vowels. This is nota problem with the fonts, it is a problem with the browser. Allother browsers, including other versions of IE that we have testeddo work correctly).For end-users to read the Tibetan text, they will need the fontson their system. You can put a link to our web-site for them to

Step Three: Choosing a Font: page 22

download the fonts. You could put the fonts up on your ownweb-site but then the end-users will not obtain the latest versionsof the fonts; it is better to link to our site. Thank you.

You can also put smaller amounts of Tibetan text on your web-pages by making GIFs or JPGs of the text using our fonts. Atip for you is that the text will look even better if you have font-smoothing turned on before you capture the image of the text.It improves the appearance of the Tibetan markedly.

4. TIBETAN E-MAIL

Type your text in Word using TibetanMachineWeb. Then:1)Use the Word to send the e-mail. You can either send itdirectly if you computer is properly set up or you can send it asa Word document attached to an e-mail. If you do this, the otherperson will need Word to read the file.2)Use Outlook Express or Eudora or Netscape 6 to send youre-mail. This is very easy. Type your text in Word then simplycopy and paste it into the e-mail and send. The other person willbe able to read it directly in their e-mailer.

Remember that, In order to read your e-mail, the other personwill have to have the TibetanMachine Web typeface on theircomputer. They will also need the TibetanMachine Web fontson their system to read the e-mail. The fonts are free, so thatmakes it easy for everyone to get them. Again, please directothers to our web-site.

There is another way to send Tibetan documents which does notneed the recipient to have Tibetan fonts on their computer. Typeyour Tibetan and/or other text using any typeface and make itinto a PDF files using Adobe Acrobat. Send the PDF file as anattachment to an e-mail. The recipient can get the AdobeAcrobat reader free from Adobes web-site. They will be ableto read your document with Tibetan text, full formatting, and

so on even if they dont have the Tibetan fonts.

5. CHANGING BETWEEN FONT TYPESAFTER YOU HAVE CHOSEN THEM

Text typed using TibetanMachineWeb cannot be reformattedto one of our other typefaces (TibetanMachine, TibetanCalli-graphic, DzongkhaCalligraphic, TibetanClassic) using thenormal method of applying a font change (and vice versa)because the encodings are different between the Web and non-web fonts. However, there are menu options that allow you tochange text that is in TibetanMachineWeb typeface into text inTibetanMachine typeface and vice versa.

Simply select the text you want to change then use the appro-priate item on the TCC Tibetan menu on the menu bar. Theconversion is quick and absolutely non-destructive of anythingelse.

If you want to change Tibetan text in TibetanCalligraphic,DzongkhaCalligraphic or TibetanClassic typefaces to Tibetan-MachineWeb typeface, then use the same method. At themoment, there is no conversion from TibetanMachineWeb toTibetanCalligraphic, etc.

Step Four: Learning Some Basics: page 23

Step Four: Learning Some Basics

TIBETAN FONTS and CHARACTERSIN WORD

Before learning how to how to type Tibetan, you need to knowabout the Tibetan fonts and how they work.

The first thing to know is which typefaces or typefaces you haveinstalled on your computer. (The Tibetan Computer Companysells several Tibetan typefaces. Complete descriptions andsamples of those typefaces are shown in the next chapter.) Brief-ly, the Tibetan typeface that comes standard with all TibetanComputer Company products is called TibetanMachine and thetypefaces available as options are TibetanCalligraphic, Tibetan-Classic, and Dzongkha Calligraphic.

The second thing to know is that each typeface is not one fontbut a series of fonts and that all fonts are needed for a Tibetantypeface to work properly. The names of the fonts in eachtypeface are listed in the Tibetan font installation instructionson page 13.

The third thing to know is that each of the fonts in a typefacecontains a particular set of characters needed for Tibetan. Thefonts and their characters are as follows: The first font for each typeface is a normal Tibetan font.

containing all of the standard Tibetan letters andpunctuation marks. All of the characters in the font canbe typed directly with the Tibetan keyboard.

The remaining fonts are support fonts. They are namedSkt1, Skt2, Skt3, and Skt4 in the PC fonts and Web 1 to9 in the Web fonts. The PC fonts received their namebecause originally the support fonts only contained Tibet-an-Sanskrit characters.

The first and second support fonts Skt1 and Skt2 con-tain only Tibetan-Sanskrit letters. All of these except twoin the Skt1 fonts can be typed directly with the Tibetankeyboard. The user should never have to type themmanually. The other two have to be manually inserted.The Web fonts 2 to 5 are like this, too.

The third support font Skt3 mainly contains Tibetan-Sanskrit letters. All of these can be typed directly with theTibetan keyboard. The user should never have to typethem manually. However, there are a few special symbolsin this font which are not on the Tibetan keyboard andwhich have to be manually inserted. The Web fonts 6 and7 are like this, too.

The fourth support font Skt4" contains only symbols andunusual letter-forms. None of these are on the Tibetan

keyboard so all of them have to be manually inserted. TheWeb 8 and 9 fonts are like this, too.

Generally speaking in Word, to manually insert a characterwhich cannot be typed from the keyboard, you first have to inserta font change to the appropriate font then insert the appropriatecharacter using Words Insert, Symbol method. This methodoften cannot access all of the special symbols in a font, so wehave added a very easy to use feature to the Tibetan keyboardwhich gives immediate access to all of the characters in all ofthe Tibetan fonts.

The fourth thing to know is which Tibetan characters areavailable and where they are in the various fonts of a Tibetantypeface. All of the characters in each of the PC fonts are clearlyshown in the maps of the appendix (page 65ff) and are describedin the lists (page 70ff) following that. We strongly suggest thatyou look now at least at the character maps so that you knowwhich characters you have available to you. The exact samecharacters are also in the Web fonts and a listing of all of themfollows the lists of the characters in the PC fonts.

However, this can be cumbersome, so we took all of the infor-mation about every character that is written in the appendicesand added it to the maps in the keyboard in the method mention-ed in the last paragraph. This way, you have complete accessto all of the all of the characters in the fonts directly from theTibetan keyboard and you also have complete descriptions ofevery character.

What about characters such as complex Sanskrit stacks whichare not available in any of the five fonts of a typeface? They canbe constructed from their parts using the Field, advance methodof Word. You can use either full-size letters from any of thenormal or support fonts or you can use the half-height letters atthe end of the fourth support font that were made specificallyfor that purpose. E.g., the famous Kalachakra mantra

can bemade using that method!

Again, these special characters can be accessed using the newmethod we have put on the keyboard itself.

To sum up this section: you know now which typeface(s) youhave, that there are several fonts in each typeface, that most ofthe characters in those fonts can be typed directly with theTibetan keyboard, and that the remaining characters have to canbe typed directly from the fonts. Any letters not in the fonts canbe constructed from parts within the fonts using the features ofWord.

Step Four: Learning Some Basics: page 24

The next thing to know then is how to use the Tibetan keyboard to type most of the characters within the fonts.

Step Five: Typing Tibetan: page 25

Step Five: Typing Tibetan

1. TWO STYLES OF TIBETAN KEYBOARD

There are two styles of Tibetan keyboard available:1) Wylie-transliteration style Tibetan keyboard (only inWindows, not in Mac as yet)2) Standard-style Tibetan keyboard in all programs

Each one is accessed from the TCC Tibetan menu that appearson the Word menu bar when this program is properly installed.

2. THE WYLIE KEYBOARD

Different methods for representing Tibetan letters using theEnglish alphabet have been employed since the early 1800s.Due to the proliferation of various transliteration schemes,Turrell Wylie tried to establish a standard system of Tibetantranscription into English. Unfortunately, he was only partiallysuccessful, and a variety of transliteration systems are still in use.Despite the fact that his definition for transliterating Tibetan intoEnglish is incomplete, it has become a standard amongstWesterners. Therefore, after many requests, we have writtena keyboard for typing Tibetan using the Wylies system.

The Wylie keyboard can be started from the TCC menu thatappears on the menu bar. It can also be started from a toolbarthat appears on the toolbars (you might have to turn it on).

The Wylie keyboard at the moment is part of the Wylie textconversion system. There is a text input box at the bottom ofthe conversion Window. Put the cursor in the box and type inWylie transliteration. The English text will appear in the docu-ment. As soon as you type a character which could not be partof a Tibetan word, the transliterated text will be converted intoTibetan text.

If the word you have typed cannot be transliterated, it will beleft as is. You can backspace through text typed in the box tomake corrections and then keep typing. Other corrections canbe made by clicking on the document window and using thestandard editing keys.

The text is converted into the Tibetan typeface selected in theconversion box with point size and line spacing also as shown.

The keyboard works for native Tibetan and basic Sanskrit.Sanskrit stacks are not included as yet. These can be typed usingthe Tibetan keyboard (it really is NOT that difficult, my Westernfriends!) or by using the special character entry screen on theTibetan keyboard.

Immediate help is available through the help button on theconversion screen.

Note that the system expects true Wylie with one difference.The achen consonant in Wylies system is typed as a singlevowel letter whereas all of the other consonants are typed as aletter for the consonant plus a vowel letter. This was a mistakebecause the combinations of an achen followed by an achungand of an achen with a sub-joined achung both must be writtenas aa. If Wylie had defined an achen like for the otherconsonants, as one letter for the consonant followed by one letterfor the vowel, then he would have produced a system that wouldhave been consistent and not had the flaw just mentioned.Therefore, our Wylie keyboard uses aa to represent the achen,not just a. The achen with vowels is then ai, au, ae, andao.

Note that the system expects true Wylie with one item offlexibility: the wazur and the wa can be typed either as v orw.

Note that the system expectsa hyphen to differentiate the sequen-ce #8 g-ya at the beginning of an intertsheg from b9 gya atthe beginning of an intertsheg.

The definition of all letters is given on the help screen in thesoftware.

We include some details about the Wylie transliteration systemin this documentation not because we think that it is the right wayto do things but just because it has been in use for so long as thestandard method for transliterating Tibetan. The following chartillustrates the Wylie transliteration system for the base letters(0$#5):

! ka " kha # ga $ nga% ca & cha ' ja ( nya) ta * tha + da , na pa . pha / ba 0 ma


1 tsa 2 tsha 3 dza 4 wa5 zha 6 za 7 a 8 ya

9 ra : la ; sha aThe transliteration changes when using the five vowels. The followingexamples illustrate this:

> a > i > u > e > o! ka ! ki ku ! ke ! ko

Here is a list of Tibetan words that illustrates some of the finerpoints of Wylie transliteration. Note that spaces are put betweenthe transliterated syllables as opposed to hyphens or periods; thismakes the typing of such syllables quite a bit easier. Payparticular attention to the transliteration of the 7&$.Note that, in recent times, foreign words have been added to theTibetan vocabulary whose spelling does not follow the rules oftraditional Tibetan grammar. Wylie transliteration provesinadequate for such words, prompting the definition of a moregeneral transliteration scheme. In the meantime, such words canbe entered into a document by hand using the appropriatecharacter from the font table or by using the Tibetan Keyboardprogram.

!/ ka ba/!7 bka"$ khang pa0# mgo7##


4,# wa nag47N#


case the value should be set to 0. When Tibetan text is to bemixed with English or other text, you can type a number intothe box and the Tibetan text will be moved up that many pointsrelative to the other text. For English text of about 11 points,try moving the Tibetan text up about 7 points. The maximumyou can type in the box is 99 points up. You cannot move thetext down (no negative values allowed).

The Input box is where you type Tibetan text. When the cursoris in the right hand box, the keyboard becomes a Tibetankeyboard. The details of typing Tibetan text are covered brieflylater in this chapter and in depth in the next chapter.

You have a choice of three keyboard layouts for typing Tibetan.You choose the layout you want by pressing the Keybd buttonon the lower right. This brings up a new Window withexplanations of the three keyboards available. The first twokeyboards are our standard TCC #1 and TCC #2 keyboardlayouts. A map of each of these is shown at the very end of themanual on pages 158ff. The layout there is shown for a USkeyboard; some of the keys will move about on some otherkeyboards such as French, German, etc.)

The TCC #1 keyboard was built to be as easy to memorize aspossible. If you look, you will see that that the consonants arearranged across the keyboard in alphabetic order with the vowelsand the stacking key in the middle. Once you understand it, youcannot forget it.

The TCC #2 keyboard was built to be as easy to type on aspossible. Key frequencies were determined using the principlesof Tibetan grammar and the layout was tested in our largeTibetan text preservation office over a period of years. A goodtypist who knows both TCC #1 and #2 layouts can type on TCC#2 at a minimum of 20% faster than on TCC #1. However, asidefrom speed, TCC #2 is much easier on the hands and is built forspeed typing.

The Keybd button gives the added option of selecting a customkeyboard layout. For details of making your own, customkeyboard layout, see page 57. Once you have made it, you canactivate it in here.

The default keyboard layout before you select one is TCC #1.However, once you have selected one, that selection isremembered, even after you turn off the keyboard.

When you close the Keybd window by pressing the Returnbutton, you are returned to the Input box and can type Tibetantext. When a key is pressed, the appropriate Tibetan character

will be inserted into the active Word document according to thekeyboard layout you have just selected.

The Tibetan keyboard can type all of the standard Tibetan andTibetan-Sanskrit letters that are in the Tibetan fonts. It can alsotype all of the standard symbols and punctuation marks. How-ever, there are some characters, mainly the symbols in the latersupport fonts, that it cannot type. Most of those characters canbe entered into a document using the Insert, Symbol methodof Word. Unfortunately, it is difficult to see all of the charactersin the Insert, Symbol dialogue box and on top of that some donot appear. Therefore we give you a very efficient method onthe keyboard itself for inserting any character from any Tibetanfont.

The character insertion method is accessed by pressing theSpecial button on the top right of the keyboard window. Thisbrings up a large, easy-to-see display that clearly shows all ofthe characters in all of the Tibetan fonts and all of the non-Tibetan fonts on a computer. This is described fully in thechapter on page 35

When you start typing, it is easy enough to type the consonantsand vowels. But what about stacked letters? Tibetan stacks(e.g., ) are made by pressing what we call the stacking keyfirst then pressing the keys of the letters in the stack in sequence.This is a remarkably efficient method of typing.

The stacking key is the letter h on our keyboard #1 layout andthe a key on our #2 layout. You can change this by makingyour own, user-defined keyboard as mentioned earlier.

The stacking key signals the computer that the followingkeystrokes belong to a stack. Following that, the keyboardcalculates and displays the stack as you press the componentletters. E.g., to create , you would first press the h key thenthe


we have no doubt that it is the simplest, quickest, and easiestto use keyboard on the market.

When you are typing Tibetan text, most of Words cursormovement keys work; you can move up and down, left and right,and can delete, backspace, and so on. Function keys and theTAB key do not work. For those, you have to turn off thekeyboard temporarily, do what you need to do, then bring theTibetan keyboard back. In practice, this is easy to do (seebelow).

There are two ways to turn off the Tibetan keyboard. One wayis to hide it temporarily, the other way is to stop it completely.When you hide the keyboard and then start it again it comesback instantly and just as you left it. When you stop thekeyboard completely and restart it, it has to reload all over againwhich sometimes takes a moment. To hide the keyboard, press the ESCape key at any time

or click the mouse anywhere over the area of the Tibetankeyboard window.

To stop the keyboard altogether, press the ALT-F4 key orclick on the close program button a the top right of theTibetan keyboard:

The first time you start the Tibetan keyboard it comes up withthe default settings shown in the image above i.e., with TibetanMachine typeface, 27 points size, and 7 points vertical adjust-ment selected. You can change those settings by clicking ona box or moving to it with the TAB key. In the Typefaceselection box, you can only move up and down the list to choosea typeface. In the size and vertical adjustment boxes you typethe number you want; these boxes will only accept numericvalues.

Every change you make is saved and your last settings appearwhenever you restart the keyboard. These settings are savedin a file called Tibkeybd.ini which is placed in the Word Startup folder. You can find the location of that folder by lookingin Word under Options, File locations. You can delete this inifile at any time without harming the operation of the keyboard.

Standard Tibetan KeyboardEase of Use Features

The keyboard has several other ease-of-use features. When thekeyboard is started, it looks at the text where the cursor iscurrently positioned in the document to find which font is active. If the active font is a non-Tibetan font, the keyboard re-

turns to that font whenever you hide or stop the keyboard.It also returns to the same point size and kerning andvertical font registrations. That way, if you are typing

mixed text, you do not have to keep changing back to Englishfonts and sizes and positioning.

If the active font is a Tibetan font, the keyboard does not startwith the previous, saved Tibetan settings but automaticallychanges to the Tibetan typeface and size active in thedocument. This means that you can easily edit text withoutworrying about the point size, kerning, and positioning.Simply put your cursor in the middle of the text and starttyping; the keyboard will make all of the necessary font, fontsize, kerning, and vertical position adjustments for you.

Thus, for example, if you want to switch in and out of Tibetanand English, start the keyboard with the cursor over English textwith the English font and size that you want to return towhenever you hide or stop the Tibetan keyboard. Then, when-ever you disable the Tibetan keyboard, it will automaticallyreturn to the English font and its size. Alternatively, for example,if you want to edit some pre-existing Tibetan text, just put thecursor on the text and start the keyboard; the keyboard willdetermine the font and size for you and you can just start typing.

When you edit pre-existing Tibetan text, the only thing to becareful of is to place the cursor over letters with a normal Tibetanfont selected before starting to type Tibetan (i.e., over normalTibetan letters). If you put the cursor in letters with one of thenormal Tibetan fonts typing will always work correctly. How-ever, if you put the cursor in letters with one of the support fontsthe typing will not work correctly. For example, in Tibetan textthat has both normal Tibetan and TibetanSanskrit letters, alwaysput the cursor in the letters that show as a normal Tibetan PCfont or the plain Web font; do not put it in letters that show asone of the support fonts (Skt1 to 4 on the PC typefaces or Web1to 9 on the Web typefaces. However, even if you forget, thekeyboard is watching and will warn you if you try to start in anon-normal font.

Once you understand the points mentioned above, typing eitherTibetan only or Tibetan mixed with another language isexceptionally easy. More detailed instructions about typingTibetan text with the keyboard are in the chapter devoted to thatsubject on page ?.

Standard Tibetan Keyboard Layouts

This version of the software provides three pre-built keyboardlayout and gives you the option of defining your own as well.

The keyboard layouts available are:TCC Tibetan #1 TCC Tibetan #2User-defined


The TCC Tibetan #1 and #2 layouts are our pre-defined layoutsthat we developed and tested over many years. Their layout isclearly shown in maps on pages 158ff at the end of the manual.If you decide to use one of them, you might like to print it outand refer to it while you learn the keyboard. The user-definedlayout is one that you define for yourself.

The active layout is chosen by pressing the Keybd button onthe Tibetan keyboard then choosing one of the three layouts.

The TCC Tibetan #1 keyboard was designed to be easy to learnand easy to remember. The consonant keys are arranged inalphabetical order, making it very easy to learn and very easyto remember, even if you have not used it for a while.

The TCC Tibetan #2 keyboard was designed to be the ultimatein speed typing. It was designed by applying the rules of Tibetangrammar to key-frequency analysis and then testing the resultin a large, Tibetan text preservation project for many years. (Itis like a Dvorak keyboard for Tibetan.) The only drawbackis that it has to be memorized completely so, if you are not goingto do much typing, it might be better to use TCC keyboard #1which is very easy to memorize.

The User-defined layout is contained in a text file called Tib-KeybdLayout.ini. The user-defined layout shipped with thekeyboard is the same as TCC #1 key board. You can modifythat or totally change it to suit your self; see the instructions onpage 57 for defining your own layout.

Detailed Instructions for the Standard Tibetan Keyboard: page 31

NOTE

NOTE

NOTE

Detailed Instructions for the Standard Tibetan KeyboardThe Standard-style Tibetan Keyboard provided with thissoftware works on the same principles as the keyboards foundin all of our other software packages (Tibetan! for DOS, Tibetan!For WordPerfect for Windows, and TibetDoc, etc., etc) so if youhave learned the keyboard in one of those packages, you alreadyknow how to type Tibetan with this keyboard. To start theStandard Tibetan keyboard, follow the instructions in the chapterLearning Some Basics. For the rest of this chapter, thestandard Tibetan keyboard (as opposed to the Wylie Tibetankeyboard) is simply called, The Tibetan Keyboard.

1. TYPING NORMAL TIBETAN TEXT

Where are the Tibetan letters placed on the Tibetan keyboard?As discussed in the previous chapter, you can choose one of two,pre-defined layouts (see the maps on pages 158ff) or you candefine your own layout and choose that (see page 57 for details).We will use the TCC keyboard #1 layout for the tutorial in thischapter.

Look at the map for keyboard #1 and you will see that theTibetan consonants are arranged in their normal !" order fromthe top left of the keyboard to the bottom right of the keyboardand that the vowels are clustered in the centre of the keyboard.Furthermore, nearly all Tibetan characters can be typed withoutusing the SHIFT key. Only = and > and a few unusualcharacters such as the :#8#l# (the six reversed letters forTibetan-Sanskrit) need the SHIFT key. On the keyboarddiagrams, un-SHIFT-ed letters are shown in the bottom righthand corner of a key box and SHIFT-ed letters are shown in thetop right hand corner of a key box.

To learn to type Tibetan using the Tibetan keyboard, open afresh document then start the Tibetan Keyboard. Now, type qw e r (with spaces as shown). The Tibetan keyboard convertsthat to !"#$. It appears on the screen and you can print itimmediately, if you wish. Now use the map of keyboard 1 totype the rest of the consonants (#


HINT

the main stack is finished and is telling you what can be typednext. In this case, if you type a new letter, the stack will finishand the new letter will appear on the screen. Or, if you type avowel, that will be correctly calculated for you and will beshown on the screen, correctly positioned with respect to its mainletter (the 0$#5).Well, what if you wanted to stop at ? and not add another letterto the bottom of the stack? Easy, just keep typing! Thekeyboard knows what is a valid combination and what is notso if you type the next letter and it shouldnt go underneath, thekeyboard will automatically end the stack and type your newletter after the stack. The keyboard knows that vowels anda.chungs end a stack so typing a vowel or a.chung automaticallyends a stack as well. For example, if you typed a vowel or ana.chung to go with the ? by pressing the vowel or a.chung key,or typed the next letter that needs to follow the ? then the stackwill be automatically ended and the character that you havetyped will be put into the correct place. To see how this works,press the stack key to start a stack and type a ? again. To typethe word ?$ you now type the $; the keyboard knows that a $cannot join onto a ? so it ends the stack and types the $directly after the ?. In this system, there are no special keys for super-scribed andsub-scribed letters. Instead, you start a stack by pressing thestack key then press the standard vowels to type the parts ofthe stack. Thus, to type a superscribed ra, la, or sa letter or a sub-scribed wa, ya, ra, la, sa, or a.chung (9:


version of the Tibetan! program a spelling check would catchthe mistaken letter and you could replace the word with thecorrectly spelled word offered in the list of alternatives thatappeared on the spell-checking screen. That method is notavailable in the Windows versions of Tibetan!)

2. TIBETAN-SANSKRIT (:#, press an >,then press a na.ro, and then press the bindu key, *.

There are two other special versions of the bindu which are usedin mantras. They have a crescent moon underneath but one hasa nada and one does not: . These are available on theTibetan keyboard so to put them over a letter, type the letter andthen type the required bindu. When you do this, the bindu willline up over the letter that you just typed.

Try now to type that famous mantra: >>. It is easy: Starta stack, press >, then press an a.chung, then na.ro, then bindu,and then tsheg. The > is just a subset of that but with a visargatyped directly after it. The is made by pressing the stack key,followed by an a.chung followed by a zhabs.kyu followed bya bindu. Note that each one is typed in the order in which it iswritten.

Another special Sanskrit character that you will needoccasionally is the virama. The virama is on the Tibetankeyboard so it can be typed directly. The virama, like the bindus,should be typed after the letter it goes with so that it will printcorrectly. For instance to make ., first type a . then a thenthe virama: . There is the avagraha too, which can be typeddirectly from the keyboard: .

3. SPECIAL CASES

Most of the letters and punctuation marks signs that you willneed for Tibetan and Tibetan-Sanskrit are available directly fromthe Tibetan keyboard. However, there are many specialcharacters and parts of characters which cannot be typed directlywith the Tibetan keyboard. These special characters are mainlyfound in the last fonts of the typefaces. Any character whichcannot be typed directly from the Tibetan keyboard can alwaysbe typed by using the character insert feature of the keyboard(press the Special button). You can either look up the maps andtables in the appendix, note the decimal number of the font andcharacter then type it from the character insert screen or you cango directly to the character insert screen, read the informationon the characters and insert the appropriate one. Here is a listof characters that are not directly obtainable from the keyboard(the numbers are given for the Windows encoding; they are inthe Web fonts at a different location):

In normal fonts: [159] (stand-alone wa.zur only for use inmaking non-existent stacks).

In Skt1 support font:[57] and [58] for Kalachakra texts. In Skt3 support font: [173] to [178] and [180] to [187]


In Skt4 support font: all characters.Although these characters are not available from the keyboard,they are very important and will be needed from time to time.Therefore we recommend strongly that you find out what thesecharacters and acquaint yourself with their availability bylooking them up in the maps and lists in the appendix.

After looking through the maps, you might be tempted to usethe parts of letters available in the normal font (the wazur) andin the Skt3 font (ya.ta, rata, rago, etc.) to construct normalTibetan stacked letters. However that would be a mistake.All of the stacked letters needed for normal Tibetan writing canand should be made using the keyboard stacking technique. Thepart letters are there only for emergency cases where a letter thatis not available in the font sets must be constructed, as forexample in a very unusual Sanskrit stack. However, this issomething that most people will never need to do. In regard tothis, note that the stacked letter which is is not really legalaccording to the rules of Tibetan grammar but which has beenin use in Eastern Tibet (Kham) for a few hundred years can bemade by the normal stacking procedure. (The Eastern Tibetansuse this letter specifically when spelling the word for shoe,which is normally spelled T0- but is spelled 0- by them.)On the other hand, when you do meet a complex stack whichis not otherwise available, the part letters in the various fonts,and particularly the half-height letters in support font four (Skt4)will enable you to build any stack at all. Use the part letters andthe advance up/down/left/right features of Word to make theseunusual combinations. The Advance feature is accessed bypressing SHIFT-F8, Other, Advance. E.g., the famousKalachakra mantra

can be made using that method!

(You might also have to change the size of some of the parts:do this with a font size change just for that part.)

Name markers, etc.: Tibetan has a way of marking text usinga large circle underneath the text. This mark (D#

Inserting Special Characters: page 35

Inserting Special CharactersThe Standard Tibetan keyboard inbhas a special method forinserting characters from the Tibetan fonts. When you press theSpecial button on the keyboard, a large window opens. Thewindow can display the contents of both Tibetan and other fontson the computer.

When the window starts, it starts with the Tibetan typefacecurrently selected on the keyboard on display as in the exampleshown below. If you want to display a different Tibetan font,use the Return button to go back to the keyboard and select thefont you want.

Each Tibetan typeface consists of several fonts. You can usethe drop down-box to the left to choose any of the fonts in aTibetan typeface and put it on display.

You can also display the contents of a non-Tibetan font bymoving into the right hand drop-down box. Use the mouseor TAB key to move to it. This box works the same as theTibetan font box just described but has all of the non-Tibetanfonts on the computer listed in it. (You can make it drop downby pressing F4 or Ctrl-Down Arrow or use the mouse).

You will see that the fonts in each drop-down box are marked(1) or (2). The display window only has enough boxes on itto show half the contents of a font. When you choose a fontmarked (1) the glyphs in the first half of the font (from decimal32 to 127) are displayed. When you choose a font marked (2)the glyphs in the second half of the font (from decimal 128to 255) are displayed.

There are two two special features.

Inserting Special Characters: page 36

NOTE

1) When you put the mouse over any Tibetan character (ormove to it with the TAB key), you get full information aboutthat character, the same as is contained later in this manual.

2) When you click the mouse (or move to then press the Enterkey) on a box, the character shown in the box is inserted intothe document. You can insert as many characters as you want.When you insert characters from Tibetan fonts this way, theyare formatted with the current settings on the Tibetan Keyboardi.e., font size etc., are correctly provided. When you insert anon-Tibetan character, it is given a size half of the currentTibetan font; this gives approximately the right relative sizing(if you find the size to be incorrect, you can always re-size itlater).

This display for inserting characters provides an ideal way toget a sense of all of the characters in the Tibetan fonts. Whenyou look through the Tibetan fonts using this method,remember that the native Tibetan letters are in the first fonts,the Sanskrit-transliterations are in the middle fonts, and thesymbols are in the last fonts. The most complete informationon the contents of the Tibetan typefaces is contained in theappendices of this manual. We recommend that, before youstart serious work, you acquaint yourself with those lists.Then, when you need a special character which is not on thekeyboard you will be able to find and insert it using the Specialbutton on the keyboard.

All of the native Tibetan letters andpunctuation marks and nearly everySanskrit transliteration can be typeddirectly from the keyboard. It is important

to use the Tibetan keyboard to type these so that you get theright vowels, etc. with them. You should only use this systemfor typing characters that cannot be accessed by typing on theTibetan keyboard.

Searching: page 37

SearchingThis version of the software does not provide an easy methodfor searching for Tibetan. One trick that you can use is to typesome Tibetan, copy it to the clipboard, then paste it into thesearch dialogue box.

Searching: page 38

Exporting and Importing Tibetan Text: TibetDoc: page 39

WARNING!!

Exporting and Importing Tibetan TextUnbeknownst to most end-users,many applications do not supportfonts correctly. The problems arenot usually seen because most end-

users do not try to do unusual things. However, Tibetan text isunusual and often digs out the flaws in programs. E.g., WordPadwill lose a character if you paste Tibetan text into it and vowelswill not always appear correctly. If you are going export Tibetantext to other applications, test carefully to make certain that allcharacters are transferred correctly.

Generally the Tibetan Web style fonts should export and importto and from any program successfully. The Tibetan Windowsstyle fonts, such as TibetanMachine are not guaranteed to exportand import because they expose the faults in the Windows fonthandling systems.

We do not expect that you will have trouble exporting andimporting TibetanMachine Web fonts. The following are notesregarding the TibetanMachine and other Windows style fonts.

1. TO and FROM THE CLIPBOARD

You can use the clipboard to copy and paste Tibetan text to andfrom Word and other applications using our fonts subject to theproviso mentioned above.

2. To and FROM TIBETD/ TIBETDOC

The recommended method for obtaining text from TibetDoc iseither to copy and paste using the clipboard or to save text toan RTF file then import it into Word.

To export Tibetan text easily from Word to TibetD / TibetDocprograms, use the special feature on the TCC Tibetan menuCopy to Clipboard TibetD/Doc Format then paste intoTibetD/Doc in the normal way. There is a limit of 64K data thatcan be copied this way at one time; if you need to transfer a lotof text, do it in stages. The following formatting will betransferred: bold, italic, underline, strikeout, and hidden text,carriage returns, and page breaks. If you have a file withcomplex formatting, you could save it as a WordPerfect file andopen that in TibetD/Doc then use the clipboard to copy theTibetan text.

3. To and FROM WORDPERFECT for DOS

Files made in WordPerfect for DOS with our Tibetan! programcannot be transferred to other applications without a specialconverter. There is a converter in our TibetDoc software whichwill correctly extract Tibetan text from WP for DOS. That textcan then be exported to Word as mentioned above. Tibetan textin Word can be sent to TibetDoc and then saved in WordPerfectfor DOS and Windows.

4. TO and FROM OTHER APPLICATIONS

Files containing Tibetan can be saved in most formats in Wordand transferred successfully. Words own format is good andgenerally speaking, RTF is an excellent means for saving fileswith Tibetan text and transferring the contents to anotherapplication.

Exporting and Importing Tibetan Text: TibetDoc: page 40

Text Conversions: From Wylie and ACIP Transliteration to Tibetan: page 41

Text Conversions: from Wylie and ACIP transliteration to TibetanThe Windows version of the program comes with a converterfor Tibetan text in Wylie-style transliteration and in the AsianbClassics Input Programs style of transliterations.

The converter for each is accessed from the TCC Tibetan menuthat appears on the Word menu bar when this program isproperly installed.

The screen that appears allows you to choose the Tibetantypeface, the point size, and the line height between the linesof Tbetan text that results from the conversion.

The Tibetan typeface list only shows all of our Tibetan typefacesbut ones the you do not have available in your system are greyedout and inactive.

To use either converter, first select a block of text to beconverted then start the converter. Alternatively, with theconverter window active, you can switch to the document and

select some text then return to the converter and start theconversion.

Unrecognized words will not be converted but just left inEnglish. This makes it easy to see these words and rectify them.Remember that you can always type these words a letter at a timeusing the Wylie keyboard which has been made part of theconversion box for ease of use. You can also switch to thestandard Tibetan keyboard and type text directly with that or usethe special characters screen that is accessed from it to typespecific characters.

The converter recognizes and converts a significant proportionof Sanskrit text transliterated into Tibetan (and hence intoEnglish). However, not all Sanskrit-Tibetan stacks arerecognized. Those not recognized can be typed from thestandard Tibetan keyboard or inserted using the specialcharacters screen that is accessed from it.

Text Conversions: From Wylie and ACIP Transliteration to Tibetan: page 42

Formatting Tibetan Text: page 43

HINT

NOTE

Formatting Tibetan TextOnce you can type Tibetan, you need to know how to formatit so that it looks the way that Tibetan text is supposed to look.Tibetan letters and their formatting are very different from theEnglish letters and their formatting. Because of this there area lot of little details and some difficult things to learn aboutTibetan formatting. However, if you read the following carefullyand try to put our advice into practice, you will be able to masterthe use of Tibetan within Word so that you can make veryauthentic Tibetan text.

There are two main subjects in this chapter. The first subjectis the settings that you need to use for Tibetan text as opposedto English text; the first six sections concern that. The secondsubject is things that you will have to change in the Tibetan textitself in order to get the formatting to accord with the rules ofTibetan writing. The seventh and eighth sections concern that.All of the information in those first eight sections is summedup in practical way in the last section

1. LINE HEIGHT AND FONT SIZE

Tibetan text needs to have the height between the lines of textset correctly. Word lets you change the vertical distance betweenlines of text and calls it Line Spacing. You can either set thegeneral amount of line spacing between lines of text or can setan exact amount of line spacing. The second method is betterfor Tibetan text. That is because the first method automaticallycalculates the line height and, since that is different for each ofthe five fonts in a Tibetan typeface (there are longer and shortercharacters in different fonts), the lines come out with differentspacing depending on the characters typed on any given line.The second method forces the line height to be a fixed height,regardless of the Tibetan characters and the fonts they are in.The second method is set by choosing Line Spacing Exactlyat (x) points. Unfortunately, when an exact line height ischosen, the Tibetan letters tend to be clipped on the screen...

When you mix Tibetan and English text together on the sameline, you will also need to fix the registration of the two typesof text. English characters mostly sit above a line and Tibetancharacters mostly sit below the line so, unless you change theirregistration, the Tibetan text will generally appear too far downon any given line. To rectify this you can place an advance upbefore the Tibetan text and an advance down after the Tibetantext which will have the effect of moving the Tibetan textupwards so that it registers nicely with the English text. Whenyour English text is 10 to 11 points in size and your Tibetan textis about 18 points in size, advancing the Tibetan text up by .09inches and then back down by the same amount when theTibetan is finished will put the Tibetan text into a nice

registration with the English.

An alternative method of doing this in Wordis to use the Format, Font, CharacterSpacing, Position setting to move each ofthe Tibetan fonts up from the baseline. This

could be put into a style or can be done directly from the Tibetankeyboard using the vertical adjust box.

The style of older and also more elegant Tib-etan pecha is to use a large distance betweenlines. However, in the last 150 years or so,the style of writing lines of Tibetan text very

close together in a pecha became popular. This small line heightcan be reproduced with computerized publishing but there is thesignificant problem that line letters will crash into the lettersof the line below. When a Tibetan calligrapher hand-writes atext or makes the written template used to carve a wood-block,he can use a smallish line height because he can adjust theposition and height of any letters which might otherwise touchthe letters of the next line as he goes. However, unless you arewilling to do this by hand on your computer (a lot of work!) thevery small line heights have to be replaced by a height that isslightly larger and which prevents lines of text from crashinginto each other.

Now, font size will be discussed. The Tibetan fonts are scalable,so can you make your text as large or as small as you want. Youcan make letters as large as a page for special display purposesand you can also make them exceptionally small for puttingdharani into stupas and so on.

What is the correct size of Tibetan font to use? The first thingto note is that Tibetan characters are written larger than Englishcharacters. The normal size of text for reading in an Englishbook is 9 to 12 points whereas it is 24 to 30 points in a Tibetanbook.

In Tibet, pecha (+&), were written by hand or printed fromwood-blocks. Different sizes of text were used but most textaveraged about 27 to 30 points in size. The first metal Tibetantypeface was made in Calcutta in the early 1900s and sincethen, many books have been printed in India using that typeface.Most of those books and pechas used 24 point type because thatwas all that was available. As a result, many Western Dharmacentres have copied that size, thinking t

Documents

Tibetan! 5.3 for Word Manual