�

建築文化遺產基金會 2007 年度報告

Tibet Heritage Fund 2007 ANNUAL REPORT

Table of Contents

Introduction 3

Mapofprojectsites 4

1. ChinaProgramme 5

1.1 QinghaiProgramme 5

1.1.1 SerkhangMonasteryProject 5

1.1.2 TrikaCommunitySchoolandStupaProject 8

1.1.3 JyekundoOldTownRehabilitationProject 9

1.2 BeijingHutongRehabilitationProject 10

2 MongoliaProgramme 12

2.1 SangiinDalaiMonasteryRestorationProject 12

3 IndiaProgramme 16

3.1 LehOldTownConservationProject 16

4. Wall-paintingConservationProgramme 18

4.1 QinghaiWall-paintingConservation 18

4.2 LadakhWall-paintingConservation 19

5. ResearchandPublications 20

6. NetworkingandExchanges 21

7. WhoareTHF 22

8. FinancialReport 23

Introduction

Tibet Heritage Fund in 2007This year, we had several reasons to celebrate. First, towards the end of 1996 was the tenth anniversary of the founding of THF, as the follow-up to the earlier “Lhasa Archive Project”. Then we successfully concluded a four-year long project in Mongolia, during the course of which we restored an 18th century monastery, established a brick-and-tile manufacture, and brought some measure of economic development to a deprived village in the Gobi desert.Then we returned to a subject that deeply concerns us, namely how modernization and globalization, or politics and money, affect people living in traditional settlements and historic cities. This brought us from Mongolia and Tibet to Beijing, Southeast Asia, Japan and finally back to Europe, where we participated in organizing conferences, lectures and exhibitions about this topic.Finaly, we found that we were a late recipient of the United Nations Habitat 2006 Dubai Award for Best Practice for the Improvement of the Living Environment.

About Tibet Heritage FundTIBET HERITAGE FUND (THF) is an international non-profit organization engaged in the field of international cooperation. We work for sustainable development of communities, often but not exclusively within the Tibetan cultural realm.Projects such as rehabilitation of traditional settlements and restoration of historic monuments are designed to primarily benefit the local residents. Communities, local governments and institutions are important counterparts. THF runs a large vocational training program to to build up local capacities, create economic opportunities and to keep traditional building skills and crafts alive. In historic settlements and cities we carry out social surveys and develop rehabilitation proposals. We also research and document traditional Tibetan building technology.

The Tibetan Cultural RealmSince over a thousand years, Tibetan culture has spread over the entire Himalayan regions, and had a profound effect on Chinese emperors and Mongolian conquerors. In the past, artisans, spiritual masters, pilgrims and traders would travel widely across the Himalayan plateau and adjacent regions. Borders had little meaning for them. The events of the 20th century has led to new borders being drawn, and ancient borders, that for centuries have marked little more than local taxation base, have become impregnable walls separating communities. This is depriving Himalayan culture of its established dynamics.

As a result of the advent of modernity, many historic monuments, sites and settlements have disappeared, and traditional skills are in decline. Yet these historic monuments and settlements, and the skills that created them, hold an enormous potential to the future welfare of the people on the plateau. It seems a tragic waste to let all this slip away, so that once-unique Himalayan towns and settlements end up looking like towns anywhere else in Asia. However, it is always dangerous to romanticize, and the inhabitants of the Tibetan cultural realm have legitimate aspirations to reach the same level of comfort and economic progress as people elsewhere. THF assists local communities to find an individual balance that suits them, between tradition and modernity, village life and globalization.THF’s projects are therefore aimed at generating employment and other opportunities for people to improve their livelihoods.Currently we are working in three countries, bringing masons from Lhasa, carpenters from Amdo, savings groups from Ladakh and painters from Mongolia together to learn from each other.

The aims portrayed here, and the communities that we work with, need continued support.Thanks to all our supporters and donors.

�

Map of THF Project Sites

THF is not responsible for depictions of international borders

�

1. CHINA PROGRAMME

1.1 Qinghai Programme

1.1.1 Nangra SerkhangLocation: Jentsa County, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.Duration 2006- on-goingBudget in 2007: € 45,247.06-SerkhangmonasteryinJentsa,centralQinghai,wasfoundedinthe14thcenturybyoneoftheteachers of Tsongkapa, lama Choeje DondupRinchen(Chos rje Don grub rin chen).Inthe18thcentury itwasexpanded to itspresent sizeoftenhistoricbuildingswithinawalledcompound.Today it is one of the oldest functioningmonasteriesintheAmdo-Qinghaiarea.Unlikemostothermonasteries,Serkhangiscollectivelyowned by the eight local villages of Nangra.

The villagers are responsible for maintenanceandorganizationandcaretakermonkstoliveinthecompound.After theCultural Revolution, the local peoplecarriedoutafirstrestorationtoenablereligiousservices. More recently the villagers and thelocalReligiousAffairsBureaurequestedTHFtohelp restore the entire complex. In 2007, THFbegan work on two buildings in the complexwhilediscussinganddevelopingtherestorationplanwiththelocalcommunity.

�

Clockwise from top right: view of Serkhang with Yellow River in back; site plan (THF); inside view of the complex; villagers during festival in the Yul-lhakhang.

The local priority was to restore the Yul-lhakhang,theshrineofthelocalprotectordeity(yul-lhainTibetan).Accordingtothelocaltradition,atsometimein thepastbuildingparts fromaruined monastery nearby were taken to buildthisshrine.Itisusedasprayerhallforthelocalvillagerswherereligiousactivitiesareregularlyheld.Thecommunitywantedmorelightandaraisedceiling. THF wanted to retain most historictimber elements. The pillars were thus raisedwith foundation stones, and a traditionalskylight was added. The roof was upgradedwith a traditional parapet and water-proofingsoil layers. The façadewas fittedwithAmdo-styletracerywindows,andthehallinsidewithwoodenboard flooring.Most of the structuralworkwascompletedin2007.Serchi Labrang was built in the late 19thcentury as residence for Serchi Rinpoche. Itis a typical Amdo-style timber frame buildingwithrichdecorativecarvings,withsomehistoricpaintingspreserved.Thisbuildingwasinpartlycollapsedcondition.Even thoughnoRinpochelivespresentlyinSerkhang,thecaretakermonkfortheSangyeLhakhangissupposedtoresidehere.THFreplaceddamagedtimbersandpreventedfurther decay. The wall foundations werereinforced with stones. More work will benecessaryinthenextyear.The local community has very activelyparticipated in the project. They contributedbuildingmaterials,andalsogenerouslydonatedfoodforfeedingourworkforce,whichconsistedof artisans and experts from many parts ofAmdoaswell as from Lhasa. TheCommunity

Nangra Serkhang

�

From top right: design for improved Yul-lhakhang (YH); the former state as previously reconstructed from a demolished temple; erecting a new timber structure; the nearly completed building.Left: interior, with all salvageable historic timber elements re-integrated.

Top left: the dilapidated Sertri Labrang (former lama's residence),below: replacement of rotten roof beams.Top right: carpentry workshop in Sertri Labrang. Left: preparation of traditional whitewash.Below left: local carpenter building tracery window. Below right: the local community giving a thank-you dinner to the team.

also organized various religious activities andfestivalsatSerkhangmonastery.Underourwall-paintingconservationprogram,the oldest paintings in the compound, in the14thcenturySangye Lhakhangbuilding,weredocumented, damages assessed, and aninterventionplandrafted.Implementationstartedonthefourwallsintheinnercircumambulationpassage(seealso2.Wall-paintingConservationprogram).ThisprojectwassupporedbyMISEREOR,StavrosS.NiarchosFoundationandtheFoundationForCulturalHeritageandArtResearch,文化財保護芸術研究助成財団(Japan).

�

1.1.2 Trika School & Stupa

Location: Trika County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.Duration 2006-on-goingBudget in 2007: € 21,617.03

RagenvillageispartoftheancientTibetansettlementofTrika County, with monuments from the Tibetan empireperiod. Since the 1950s migration has produced ashift in the ethnographic balance – today the county isinhabitedbyequallylargecommunitiesofTibetans,HanChineseandHuiMuslims. In1960s, threeStupasin theRagenvillageweredestroyed,leavingnotrace.Thelocalcommunity developed the strong wish to re-erect oneStupa for their religious practice. The local communitysuccessfullynegotiatedwiththegovernmentthenecessaryapproval. THF and the community then developed theplananddesignoftheStupaandcametoanagreementthatTHFwouldundertakethebasicconstructionwhilethevillagerswouldprovide thefillingandsome logistics.AStupaoriginallyisanIndianmonumentwhererelicsoftheBuddhawerepreserved.Lateritbecameoneoftheearliestand still most powerful symbols of Buddhism. Stupasare erected to prevent negative influences, as a merit-bringingdeed,orsimplyasareligioussitewherevillagercanmeet to perform circumambulation.A Stupawouldgenerallybefilledwithallkindsofreligiousitems,suchasscriptures,claystatues,blessedgrainsetc.Togetherwithlocalartisans,thesizewasfixedas15meterhighinfullstonestructure.Duetothelocationonsoftfarmland,thefoundation was built with reinforced concrete. In 2007,about1/3highofthestructurewascompleted.ThiswillbethefirstnewstoneStupaintheregion(concreteisnowmoreinfashion).THF also supported the local community school, whereyoungsterscanlearnhowtoreadandwriteTibetan,withonesectionforreligiousstudiesaswell.ThisprojectwassupportedbyprivatedonationsandbyMISEREOR.

Left: stupa design (Y. Hirako/THF). Below: 26 families produced 100,000 clay figures (tsatsa) for the filling of the stupa.

From top: site consecration performed by local Ngag-pa (tantric adept); laying the foundation;completion of the base of the stupa in stone;carpenters preparing the thirteen wooden rings ChoekhorChugsum, which represent the steps of enlightenment. These will be set around the upper part of the “life-pole” (sog-shing) that forms the inner core of every stupa.

�

1.1.3 Jyekundo Old Town Project

Location: Jyekundo Town, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.Duration 2006- on-goingBudget in 2007: € 2,832.09

JyekundoisanimportanthistoricTibetantownthat developed as a major pilgrimage andtrading center between the Kham,Amdoandcentral Tibetan regions, and north-westernChina.PresentlyJyekundohas30,000residentsandisthecapitalofYushuTibetanAutonomousPrefecture,atthesouth-easternendofQinghaiprovince, bordering Sichuan and TibetAutonomous Region. Culturally Yushu belongstotheKhamregion.In2007,aTHFteamvisitedandtogetherwithlocalauthoritieslookedatthepresentconditionoftheoldtown.Accordingtoourfindings,itwillbenecessarytoimplementahousingupgradingprogram, providing co-financing for residents,and to upgrade the infrastructure in order topreserve one of the few historic Tibetan towncentersinavastregion.Aspilotproject,wechooseseveralblocksoftheold town around the Dunkhor Manilhakhang.The latter temple is the community center ofthe old town, where residents old and youngcome for their daily circumambulations. THFsetupmeetingswith localcommunity leaders,residents and monks to develop a pilotinfrastructureupgradingproject.THF’sengineerandtheresidents thendraftedadetailedplanforpavingthecircumambulationpassage.Our team then carried out a social survey ofover50householdsinthepilotdistrict.Residentsthatwantedtorestoretheirhomeswith50%co-financingwereidentified,constructionactivitieswerescheduledfor2008.

ThisprojectwassupportedbyMISEREORandtheStavrosS.NiarchosFoundation.

�

From top: old and new town; traditional house in dilapidation; Dunkhor Mani-lhakhang; map showing pilot area. Right: residents and THF discuss upgrading plan on site.

1.2 Beijing Hutong

Location: Nan-luogu-xiang, Dongcheng district, Beijing.Duration 2005- on-goingBudget in 2007: € 17,497.31

Beijing is one of the oldest still-inhabitedcentrally planned urban settlements, laid outas capital for theYuandynasty (1271-1368).Organized in a grid pattern, horizontal lanesare known as “Hutong” (胡同), giving accessto courtyard houses, or “siheyuan” (四合院).Siheyuan are single-storey buildings arrangedaround a central courtyard, built with “blue”bricks,atimberframesandatiledroof.Amajorattractionofthecourtyardhouseisitssecludedandpeaceful atmosphere, affordingadegreeof privacy and calm within the city’s bustle.TheambienceofthecourtyardhouseiscloselytiedtothetraditionallifestyleofChina’surbanfamilies.Sincethe1990s,theBeijingmunicipalitybeganre-developingthecityatarapidpace,includingthehistoriccenter.Hutonglaneswerereplacedbyhigh-rises.ThedisappearanceoftheBeijingHutongbecameahottopicofdiscussionamongpeople,andasaresult,themunicipalitysetupthirtypreservationzonesintheOldCity.

Togetadetailedunderstandingof thepresentliving conditions in the Hutong areas, THFcooperatedwithTsinghuauniversityforastudyofthreeneighbourhoods,includingarchitecturaland social surveys, published as “BeijingHutong Conservation Study” (北京胡同保护方案)in2004.Basedonthestudy,THFdevelopedarehabiliationpilotprojectwiththeJiaodaokouNeighbourhood Committee. The localgovernmentandTHFchosetheNanluoguxiangconservation area for implementation. THFworkedcloselywiththeresidentstodiscussanddeveloptheplanningonsite,accordingtothe

北京胡同保护项目

Top: map of central Beijing, official conservation areas in yellow, THF pilot projects highlighted.Below from top: repair of traditional tiled roof;courtyard paving; THF site manager Lundup with artisans and residents.

�0

individualconditionofeachsite.In2007,threecourtyardhouseswererestored:FangzhuanchangHutongNo.6 (方砖厂胡同6号院);BanchangHutongNo.24(板厂胡同24号院)andYuerHutongNo.1sub-courtyard(雨儿胡同1号跨院).EachsiterepresentsoneofthreemaintypesofownershipintheHutonglanes:publichousing,private property and work-unit housing. Theworkthatwascarriedoutincludedreplacementof damaged building parts, upgrading ofdrainage facilities, courtyard paving andrestoration of historic elements and facades.At the private andwork-unit sites, the owner/occupier contributed part of the costs, andsupervised thework togetherwithTHF’s team.Workonthepubliccourtyardwasco-financedbytheHousingDepartment.All residentscontinueto live in theirupgradedhouse and are responsible for futuremaintenance.Theprojectachievedtosimultaneouslypromotecommunity–driven preservation and to raiseawareness of the highly endangered urbanheritageandtheirlivingcommunitiesintimefortheBeijingOlympicsin2008.In our opinion, the solution for rehabilitationof historic Beijing lies in micro-management,at the level of individual courtyards within alarger framework set by the government. Wethereforecooperatedwiththegovernmentandcreatedapilotprojectfromgrassrootlevel,toshowthattherearebetterwaystokeepBeijing’soldquartersandlettheoriginalresidentsstay.TheprojectaimednotonlytopreservetheoldHutongstructuresandhistoricbuildings,itwasequally important to keep the residents andimprovetheirlivingcondition;andprotecttheirhousing rights instead of relocation. Such apilotprojectcanhaveavery importantmodelcharacteralloverChina.

ThisprojectwassupportedbyMISEREOR.

Fangzhuanchang Hutong No.6, from top: section and street elevation, dilapidated front wall, rebuilt front wall, interior courtyard.Upper right: THF and Misereor delegation visit the residents in their living room.

��

2.1 Sangiin Dalai Monastery RestorationLocation: Nomgon sum (village), South-Gobi aimak, Mongolian Republic.Duration: 2004- 2007Budget 2007: € 32,634.20

SangiinDalaimonasterywasfoundedin1772located on an important trade route betweencentralChinaandMongolia.Itwasexpandedtoitspresentsizein1835-awalledcompoundwithoriginallytenbuildingsandthreecourtyards.Untiltheearly20thcenturyitwasinhabitedbyover500monksandwasanimportantcenterofBuddhismintheGobiregion.Duringthegreatrepressionofthe1930s,whenmostmonasteriesweredestroyedinMongolia,the Sangiin Dalai complex was first used asarmycamp,andthenasadministrativebuildings(clinic, school and storage), so six originalbuildingssurvived.Atpresent,SangiinDalaimonastery ispartofthemodernadministrativetownNomgonSum,centerofanadministrativeareaofabout3500inhabitants in the South Gobi province. Sincethe collapse of the caravan trade, the South-Gobi region became one of the poorest inMongolia.

OnSeptember9th2007,thelocalgovernment,thelocalcommunityandTHFjointlycelebratedthecompletionofthe4-year-longrehabilitationofthemonastery.

THFsuccessfullycompletedthegoalsestablishedat the beginning of the project that were:trainingofalocalMongolianteamintheskillsof building a kiln, burning andmaking bricksand tiles, tiles and bricks masonry, carpentrystructuralanddecorativeworkshop, traditionalpainting workshop, and rehabilitate the sixhistoricalbuildingsofSangiinDalaimonasteryand promoting income to this rural area andcreate job opportunities for the local peopleandhelpthemintegrateinthenewsocialsandpoliticalchanging.

During these four years, THF and the localMongoliantraineesrealizedstepbystep:a)Preliminarydocumentationandarchitecturalsurveyofthesiteb)Identifyingateamofparticipants.

2 MONGOLIA PROGRAMME

Top: Ms Tsetsegma re-roofing Sanggiin Dalai. Bottom from left: Ms Nergui painting the new roof structure; Ms Boldma and team repairing wall sections; panoramic view of Sangiin Dalai (completed condition).

�2

j)TrainingprograminAmdowithsevenMongolianparticipants,intheskillsofprojectmanagement,carpentry,paintingandmakingbricksandtiles.k)PlantingtreesandparticipatinginprotectingthefragileGobienvironment.l)Localteamcanmaketilesontheirown.m)Traditionalpaintingprogram.n)Projectmanagementtrainingprogram.

Over 80 local people participated directly invarious training programs to learn sufficientskills toperform their trade. The sixhistoricalbuildings were fully restored and are readyto be used by the local community. The localcommunityorganizedbyMr.BayanSaikhanandMrs.Byampasurencontributedvolunteerwork,wearegratefultothelocaldoctorsandhospitalteam,themayor’sstaff,theschoolteachersandthedirector,thekindergartenworkers,thearmyandtheelectricityteam,postofficeandprivateindividuals.

c)Buildingthekiln,establishabricksandtilesmanufacture.d)Detaileddocumentationofthesite’spaintedandarchitecturaldetails.e)Makingcomplexdecorativetiles.f)Diggingawellforwatersupplyinsidethecomplex.g)Carpentryworkshopandwoodenstructurerehabilitation,restorationofallbuildingstructures,includingrebuildingofthelostpagoda-styleroofs.WindowswerefittedwithWindowframesanddouble-glazing,andmuchothernecessarycarpentrywork.Thelocaltraineeslearnedtheskillsofplanningandmakingstructuralanddecorativework.Oneofthetraineesgotadiplomainthecapitalaftermakingamodelofoneofthenewpagoda-roofs.h)Masonry,repairofdamagedroofswiththenewlybakedtilesandbricks,repairingallsixbuildingswalls,roofsandfoundations.i)Enlargementofthekilnandcontinuingthebakingoftraditionalbricksandtiles.

��

Top left and right: skilled Tibetan painters and carpenters from Amdo worked with the local Mongolian team to build up local skills and to ensure high quality finished work.

2007 activities

In2007,thelasttilesandbrickswereproducedby the local team:6000 roof tilesofdifferentdesigns, 300 decorative flower bricks and10000bluebricks.TheGuuregiinduganroofwasre-tiled,theporches,foundationsandwallsofall6buildingswererepaired.TheinnerfloorofDooroviinduganwaspavedwithbluebricksexclusively by local trainees. The Duinkhoriinduganfloor,thecentralpathandthebacksidehallwerepavedwithbluebricks.Thedamagedinterior wall was plastered and smoothed bylocalmasons,andflatroofswerewaterproofedwithlimeplaster.Carpentry workshops were active in all sixbuildings; mostly interiors and decorativewoodwork,woodenfloorings,replacingmissingmissingdoorsandwindows.

Painting program carried out this year on sixbuildings,alloldpaintingsontimberframeshadcleaned and maximum preserved, inner wallswere whitewashed and painted following theremains of original design. Replaced woodenpartsalsopaintedfollowingtheoriginalcolors.Outer walls of whole buildings were paintedwithwhitewashanddyes redcoloraccordingtotheoriginalcolorofbuildings.

TheNomgonSumMayorMr.BayanSaikhanorganized a special Naadam festival onthe 15th of August to celebrate the importantevent. Later he and the director of Consensus(ourNGOcounterpartinMongolia)organizedan official finishing celebration on 1st ofSeptember 2007. Choijin Lama, currently thehighest-ranking lamainMongolia,was invitedtoperformtheconsecrationtogetherwithmonks

fromDalanzagdad.ManypeoplefromNomgonSumandotherareasofMongoliacameforthecelebration.Representativesof theSouthGobiprovince government were present and gavespeeches;MISEREORwas representedbyMr.Jan Felgentreu and Mr. Bold. THF colleaguesYutaka Hirako & André Alexander visited,Yutakaparticipatedinthecelebration.

In 2007, most of the local participants in thetraining program were women, among whichthe following became the most qualified:Mrs. Boldmabecamea skilledmason inwallconstruction and tile roofing, Mrs. Tsetsegmaskilledinallstepsofmakingbrickandtiles,Mrs.Nerguiwithskillsonroofingandwallplastering,Mrs. Byampasuren (a trained economist) is aqualifiedprojectmanager thatTHFhopescanbe in charge of running the bricks and tilesmanufactorywiththeteamtrainedbyTHF.Mr.Ankha has learned basic skills as traditionalpainter,learningtraditionalpatternsandhowtomixcoloursforinteriorpaintingdecoration.

Top: one of the reconstructed pagoda-style roofs, Khailaniin dugan.Left: the nearly complete Duinkhoriin dugan hall. Right: Tibetan-style windows in the Judamiin dugan building.

Sangiin Dalai Monastery

��

Left: Mongolia programm manager Ms Pimpim, local dignitaries and counterparts during the ceremony.

THF team

THF’s co-director Ms. Pimpim de Azevedo(Portugal)projectmanagementandrestorationplan; Mrs. Byampasuren (local projectcoordinator); with assistance of Mr. YutakaHirako (China project manager) and Mr.LundrupDorje(Beijingofficemanager).

For finalizing the crafts and trainingprogram,THFinvitedexpertsfromdifferentfields:Mr. Zhao Cang and Mr. Chen Bingtai fromQinghaiProvinceChinaforburningkiln.Mr. Danilo Thiedemann (Germany), Mr. Ziba,Mr.ShawoTsering,Mr.LengbaoandMr.Laxia(Tibetans) from Qinghai Province China forcarpentryworkshop.Mr. Xu Changshou, Mr. Tseden from QinghaiProvinceChinaandMr.YangShunlifromTianjinChina,formasonrytrainingprogram.Mr. La Riben and Mr. Lajia (Tibetans) fromQinghai Province China, for the traditionalpaintingprogram.Mr. Amuritegusi from Inner Mongolia fortranslatorandprojectcoordinator.Volunteers: Ms. Yayoi Takada (architect/Japan)andMs.Rei Takahashi (painter/Japan)participated in site documentation and in thepaintingprogram.

MongolianteamCarpenters:Jargal,MigmarandUlanBataar.Bricks manufacturing, firing the kiln andmasonrywork:Mrs.Tsetsegmaa,Mrs,Nergui,Mrs.Solongo,Mrs.Ogtonchuluun,Mrs.ErdeneChimeg, Mrs. Boldma, Mrs. Enkhtuya, Mrs.Suger,Mrs.Munkhchimeg,Mr.Munkhbatand,Mr. Boldo, Mrs. Enkhjargal , Mr. Ganboldand Mr.Batsuren, Ms. Wanden Dulma, Ms.Sarantsetseg, and Mr. Naranbat and Mrs.Undrakchimeg, Mr. Saganchuluun andKhoohtoi.

Traditional Painting program: Ankha andMunkhodparticipatedinthepaintingprogramtogetherwith2Tibetanteachers.

This project was supported by MISEREOR(Germany), the Rattray-Kimura Foundation(USA)andMsJaneHuang.

Right: Choijin Lama performing consecration.

Below: the project core team 2007.

��

3.1 Ladakh Leh Old Town Conservation

3 INDIA PROGRAMME

From top: newly-paved access path to the old town at Manikhang area; detail of stone paving and drain construction; interior of Lala's Gallery. Right: Ladakh group in Mumbai visiting slum dweller associations and savings groups.

Location: Leh, Ladakh, India. Duration 2003-on-going.Budget in 2007: € 54,575.24

Thehistoric townofLehwascreatedin the1600swhenthekingofLadakhatthetime(SengeNamgyal)invitedprominentfamiliestosettlebeneaththeroyalpalace.Inrecentyearstheoldcityhasfallenunderdecayas someof theold town residentshaveabandoned theiroldhomesandbuiltnewhousesontheoutskirtsofLeh.DueinparttotheeffortsofTHFanditslocalbranchLOTI(LehOldTownInitiative),thereisgrowinglocalinterestinpreservingthehistorictown.Duringpubliccommunitymeetingsandsurveystheoldtownresidentsmaintainthatthebiggestproblemintheoldtownisthelackofwatersupply and functioning drains (sewers). Since a functioning drainsystemmustprecedeanincreaseinwatersupply,THF/LOTIiscurrentlyfocusingonimprovingthedrainagechannelsintheoldtown.THF/LOTIhasalsobeenlobbyingtheLehgovernmenttobuildasewersystemforallofLeh.The2007drainprojectcorrectedthemostobvioussanitationneedattheentrancetotheoldtown.InthemiddleoftheLowerStalamfootpath,therewasadeeppondoffoulsmellingwaterthatoverfloweddownthefootpath.THF/LOTIconstructedacovereddrainchannelandanewpublictapstand,andpavedthealleywithslaterocks.Besidesaddressing thehealthproblemsassociatedwithpoorsanitation, it ishoped that thisprojectwill increase localpride in theold townandserveasanmodelforfutureoldtowndrainageprojects.Besides,our regularprogramofofferingco-financing for restorationofresidentialbuildingsandmonumentsalsocontinued.Wecompletedtheworkatthe15thcenturyRedMaitreya,bothstructuralrestorationandmuralconservation (see4.2), restoredLeh’soldestmosque (seenextpage),startedtorehabilitatetheNouchungresidentialhouse,andheld several communitymeetings to formulate a long-term vision fortheoldtown.2007alsowasthefirstfullseasonofourLehHeritageHouse,nick-namedLala’sGallery,whichweoperateoutofarestoredold townbuilding.TheGalleryservesasaninformationpointabouttheoldtownforvisitors,andoffersaforumforlocalartists,researchersandcommunitymeetings.SPARCandMahilaMIlaninvitedagroupofthefirstLehsavingsgroupandTHFstafftoMumbaitohelpdevelopasavingsprogram.This project was supported by Embassy of Finland in Delhi, TraceFoundation,IIED,StavorsS.NiarchosFoundation,INWENTandlocalco-financingandprivatedonations.ThankstoSparcandC.D’Cruz.

��

From top: section drawing (AC/THF); interior condition in early 2007, with Mirhab prayer niche at back wall; timber frame is re-erected with many original elements; final condition November 2007 with preserved Mirhab.

From top: exterior with entrance to the left, original condition in early 2007; work in progress during the summer; after completion November 2007.

TheMasjidSharif is theoldestmosqueinLeh,builtinTibetanstylearound1600whenMuslimtraderswereallowedtosettleintheTsaSomaarea.Becauseanearbyirrigationpooldrainedinto the foundations, the building began tosink and pillars and walls became severelydamaged.ThelocalAnjumanSunniCommitteeasked forhelpwithco-financing. THFdrainedandimprovedthefoundationsandrestoredthebuildingtoitsoriginalshape.

��

Wall-paintings are an integral part of Tibet’s physical cultural heritage. THF has started a wall-painting conservation program in 1998, with the emphasis on training local conservators. We are working with experts from Germany and Romania, aided by cooperation agreements with institutions and university conservation departments. Each year we also have a number of conservation student interns and volunteers. In Qinghai and Ladakh, we are training two teams of local conservators. Budget: included in Serkhang and Leh budgets.

4 WALL-PAINTING CONSERvATION PROGRAM

4.1 Qinghai

Sangye Lhakhang is theoldestbuilding in theSerkhang monastery complex, erected in the1340s. The main hall is surrounded by aninner circumambulation passage, whose wallswereentirelypainted(about220m2ofpaintedsurface). Thesewallswere completelypaintedoverduring theCulturalRevolution,withmuchdamage to the paintings. The fragments wehave studied so far seem tobe fromdifferentperiods,mostly18thand14thcenturies.Two German restorers, Mr. and Mrs. Patrickand Christine Jürgens are in charge of theSerkhangwall-painting conservation program.They documented the paintings digitally andrecorded present condition and damages inordertodeveloptheinterventionplan.

BecauseofthecompletelackoftrainedTibetanrestorers,THFhasplacedpriorityontrainingalocalteam.ThiscurrentlyconsistsoftwoTibetanand one Mongolian students who are beingtrainedonsite.Theteamofexpertsandtraineesjointly worked on four walls, cleaning the

paintingsanddevelopingadequatestabilizationandrepairmethodsforthevariousdamages.In the Tibetan context, it is important that theoriginaliconographyofanimageiscomplete,particularlythefaceandthehands.Therefore,inordertosatisfytherequirementsofthelocalcommunity,somedegreeofre-touchingwillbenecessary.Thiswillbediscussedwiththelocalcommunity once the other works have beencompleted.In2007,about70%ofdocumentationand30%ofcleaningworkhasbeencompleted.

This projectwas supportedby the FoundationFor Cultural Heritage and Art Research,文化財保護芸術研究助成財団 (Japan), MISEREOR(Germany)andMsVirginiaYee(HK).

��

Serkhang Sangye Lhakhang, top: German student cleaning painting; below left: Tibetan trainee, restorer P. Jürgens and local monk; right: Serkhang mural team 2007.

Left: Anca Nicolaescu at work in the Red Maitreya temple.From top: Yangchen and Skarma training in Erfurt University laboratories; the restored Red Maitreya temple in Leh; the THF/LOTI Ladakh team 2007.

4.2 Ladakh

Ladakh has preserved a rich heritage ofancient wall-paintings, spared from anyCultural Revolution. However, sometimes localappreciation is lackingand localconservationskillsarenon-existent.RomanianrestorerAncaNicolaescuisinchargeof THF’s Ladakh wall-painting conservationprogram. For student interns and access tolaboratories THF relies on a cooperation withtheConservationDepartmentofErfurtUniversityofAppliedSciences (thanks to thedean,Prof.Landmann,anddiplomastudentSuzyHesse).

Since 2005 two young Ladakhis have beentrained,MsYangchenandMr.Skarma. In thesummerof2007, theycompleteda two-monthtraininginthelaboratoriesofErfurt.In Leh, THF has been asked by the caretakermonkoftheRedMaitreyatemple,builtaround1430,torepair the leakingroof. In thecourseofthisworkwediscoveredoriginal15thcenturymurals on two walls, hidden underneathwhitewash. Anca and her team of Ladakhitrainees and German interns completed theremovalofthewhitewashlayerintwoworkingseasons,2006-2007.

Just like in Tibet, local religious practicedemandsthattheiconographyofmainimagesmustbecomplete,particularlyfaceandhands.Therefore Anca developed a concept ofreversibleretouchingofthesevitalpartsinoneof themain images thatwasacceptedby thelocalcommunity.

��

THFwasalsoaskedtohelppreservethe little-knownTsatsapuritempleinAlchivillage(closetotheworld-famousChoskhortemple).Themuralsappeartobefromthe14thor15thcentury.SuzyHesse completed the documentation, damageanalysisandinterventionconceptforoneofthethreeexistingbuildings.

This program was supported by TraceFoundation, Embassy of Finland in Delhi andInWent.

5. RESEARCH & PUBLICATIONS

5.2 Wood identification

THF is cooperating with Nanjing ForestryUniversity to identify the speciesofwood thatwere historically used in the construction ofBuddhistmonasteries inQinghai.Experts fromChina, France and Japan visited Serkhangmonastery and took samples that were lateridentified at Nanjing. We found that most ofthewood used is still locally available,whichmeans we can use the same type for ourrestorationwork.ThefinalresultsofthetestingwillbepublishedasapartofTHF’sSerkhangmonasteryconservationprojectreport(seepart1.1).

5.1 Historic City Research

Following discussion that developed duringa regional NGO meeting, the Bangkok-basedACHR(seewww.achr.net) invitedTHFto joinandcoordinateastudyof the impactof heritage conservation on low-incomecommunities.ACHRfundedtheresearch,andits vast network enabled the study team tohavereliablelocalsupport.Inthefirstphase,Lijiang, Hoi An, Kyoto, Penang, Pagan andLuang Prabang were visited. The researchwillbemadepublicaspartofalargerstudy,UnderstandingAsianCitiespart2.

5.3 Course on Tibetan architecture at Berlin University of Technology

THFco-directorAndréAlexandertaughtacourseon Sustainable Architecture for Tibet and theHimalayanregionattheSchoolofArchitecture,BerlinUniversityofTechnologyduringthewintersemester2007/2008.Asafollow-up,inSpring2008theclasswillgotoLadakhtoparticipateinthedesignoftwomuseums.

5.4 Publication: Restoration and protection of cultural heritage in historical cities of Asia

Proceedings of three international seminars(Napoli,Turino,Roma18,20,22June2007),organizedbyA.S.I.A.Onluswithcooperationfrom THF, published by Politecnico Di Torino2007(see picture on right side).

20

The study team and local preservationists in Kyoto, center-right ACHR coordinator Maurice Leonhardt.

Nanjing team on the roof of Serkhang monastery.

6. NETWORKING6.1 Conferences and exhibitions in Berlin and Italy in cooperation with A.S.I.A. OnlusCULTURAL HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL CITIES IN ASIA: Safe-guarding traditions & ancient knowledge to promote developmentA project implemented by: ASIA Onlus and Tibet Heritage Fund, co-funded by European Commission, budget THF: € 5,164.08

This was the motto of a project planned andcarried out by the two NGOs ASIA Onlus(Italy)andTHF.WithsupportfromtheEuropeanCommission,aprogramtoinvestigatetheissuesof sustainable preservation of the heritage ofthe Himalayas seeks to evaluate adequatemethodologiestopreserveaspectssuchastheregion’sancientarchitecture,itstraditionalcitiesand its monastic art was launched. Activitiesincludedseminarsandexhibitions in ItalyandGermany,andpublicationsoftheresults.InJune18-222007,threeseminarswereheldinNapoli,TorinoandRoma,addressingthetopicsBuddhistand Tibetan architecture (Napoli), the needfor and examples of sustainable interventions(Torino)andwall-paintingconservation(Roma).For bringing these topics to a conclusion,THF and two Berlin Universities, University ofTechnology and Humboldt University, haveorganizedaninternationalconferenceinBerlinfrom December 4-5 2007. Different expertsworking in the regionwerebrought togeter todiscussparametersandstrategiesforsustainableinterventionsintheHimalayanareas.Simultaenously, exhibitions cretated by THFand A.S.I.A. about the topic were launchedin Museum Pigorini (Roma) and HumboldtUniversityBerlin(foyer).

6.2 Conference on Conservation of Traditional Temple Architecture

THF’sPimpimdeAzevedowasinvitedtopresentapaperat“TheConferenceforConservationofTraditionalTempleArchitecture”attheNationalCenterforResearchandPreservationofCulturalProperties,Tainan,April18-19,ontheoccasionoftheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites.

From top: exhibition at Humboldt University Berlin, THF's Lundup Dorje giving a presentation in Torino; conference in Berlin University of Technology.Below: Tainan conference.

2�

News

e_conservation8

Conference ReviewCULTURAL HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL CITIES IN ASIA

4-5 December 2007Berlin, Germany

A project implemented by:

ASIA Onlus and

Tibet Heritage Fund,

Co-funded by European Commission

Safeguarding traditions & ancient knowledge to promote development

This was the motto of a project planned

and carried out by the two NGOs ASIA

Onlus (Rome) and Tibet Heritage Fund

(Berlin). Both organizations have been

working for over a decade on

development projects in Tibet that include

the preservation of Tibet's unique cultural

heritage. With support from the EU, a

program to investigate the issues of

sustainable preservation of the heritage

of Tibet seeks to evaluate adequate

methodologies to preserve aspects such

as Tibet’s ancient architecture, its

traditional cities and its monastic art was

launched. Activities include seminars and

exhibitions in Italy and Germany, and

publications of the results.

In June 18 - 22 2007, three seminars

were held in Napoli, Torino and Roma,

addressing the same topic. The papers

presented gave an overview of Buddhist

and Tibetan architecture in the region

(Napoli); of the need for and examples of

sustainable interventions in architectural

design, architectural conservation, urban

planning and financial investment in the

region (Torino); and examples of

successful interventions in Buddhist wall-

painting conservation (Roma).

To bring these topics to a conclusion, THF

and two German universities have

organized an international conference in

Berlin from December 4-5 2007. This was

designed to create a forum to discuss and

define parameters and strategies for

intervention in the Himalayan areas,

addressed to experts working in the fields,

policy makers, donor institutions and the

general public. More important, it was

also meant to link different people

TIBETHERITAGEFUND(THF)isaninternationalnon-profit organization founded 1996 inLhasa and Berlin. THF’s aims are to supportpreservation of cultural heritage andenvironment; improvement of living conditionsfor disadvantaged communities, particularlyin the sectors employment, education andhealth; and sustainable and community-baseddevelopment of communities in fragile andendangeredenvironments.THF is a registered non-profit organization inGermany,IndiaandMongolia,andrecognizedasnon-profitcooperationpartnerinChina.THFisdirectedbyAndréAlexanderandPimpimde Azevedo, and Yutaka Hirako is the ChiefFinancialOfficerandChinaProgramManager;SylvesterKaben is the treasurer, LundupDorjethe Beijing office manager, Lobsang Ngudupthe Qinghai local program manager; andTseyang is heads theaccountingand logisticsdepartment.

Contact THFinfo@tibetheritagefund.orgInLadakh,visitusbetweenAprilandOctoberat Lakruk House, Stalam, Leh, below the oldroyal palace. In Beijing we stay close toNanlouguxian,andduringworkingseasonweareinAmdo.

7. WHO ARE THF

THF aims and principles

•Assistingpooranddisadvantagedcommunitiesinbothurbanandruralsettingsintheirneedsforeconomicdevelopment,culturalpreservation,healthandeducation•Conservationwithandforlocalcommunities(ICOMOSlivingcitiesprinciples).•Conservationofbuildingsandofbuildingtechnology.•Forresidentialbuildings:priorityonlivability,owner/occupantsparticipateinplanningprocess,protectionoftenants.•Formonuments(incl.monasteries):authenticitydesired,buildinghistoryrespected,ownersparticipateinplanningprocess.•Maximumretainingofhistoricelements(UNESCOVenicecharter).•Accommodationoflocaldemandforpragmaticusabilityofsites.•CompromiseandNegotiationareroutine.THFisnon-politicalandcommittedtopromoteunderstandingandco-operationbetweendifferentculturesandnationstobenefitworldculturalheritage.THFprojectsarebasedonaparticipatoryapproach,centeredaroundpreservationofindigenousheritageandtraditions.Ourwaterandsanitationprogramisaimedatimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.THFtrainslocalpeopleintechnicalskills,suchastraditionalbuildingskills,architecturaldesignandsurveywork,muralconservationandgeneralrestorationskills.

THF received the 2006 UN Habitat Dubai International Award for Best Practice for the Leh Old Town Project.

22

8. FINANCIAL REPORT

THF Incoming Funds 2007: EURO 188,591.49

Carry-overfrom2006 € 5,930.89MISEREOR € 108,149.84TraceFoundation € 17,488.52FinlandEmbassyDelhi € 13,166.42StavrosS.NiarchosFnd. € 10,935.34IIED € 7,075.77文化財保護芸術研究助成財団 € 5,854.80EuropeanCommission € 5,368.00MsVirginiaYee € 3,713.68AnjumanSocietyLeh € 3,389.62Rattray-KimuraFnd. € 2,179.78JaneHuang € 1,822.56INWENT € 1,019.44Gesellschaftf.bedrohteVölker € 857.16Donations(Dr.Dorn,Dr.Newill) € 1454.14Membershipfees&booksales €185.53Total € 188,591.49

THF Outgoing Funds 2007: EURO 187,291.68

Ladakhproject € 54,575.24Serkhangmonastery € 45,247.06Mongoliaproject € 32,634.20Ragenstupa&school € 21,617.03BeijingHutongproject € 17,497.31Surveys&documentation € 5,220.26Conference&networking € 5,164.08Jyekundooldtown € 2,832.09AdministrativeinChina € 1,327.95AmdoLabrangproject € 954.11Bankfees € 222.35Total € 187,291.68

carry-over 2007 € 1299.81

Expenses by country and by project type:

A very big thanks from all participants and local partners and beneficiaries

to everyone who has supported our work.Contact THF to find out how to support our

current projects.

2�

Ladakh Project6.Administrative

EUR4,029.455.Networking &

Exchange

EUR759.88

3.Water &

Sanitation

EUR14,856.98

2.Mural Program

EUR5,229.24

1.Restoration &

Training

EUR23,645.17

4.Documentation

& Research

EUR6,054.53

China Project

6.Administrative

EUR 1,327.95

5. Networking &

Exchange

EUR5,164.08

4.Documentation

& Research

EUR6,174.37

3.Water &

Sanitation

EUR5,572.342.Mural Program

EUR11,286.87

1.Restoration &

Training

EUR70,334.27

Mongolia Project

1.Restration &

Training

EUR31,162.48

4.Documentation

& Research

EUR128.96

6.Administrative

EUR1,342.75

Expenses by ProjectsBank fees

EUR 222.35

Admin in China

EUR1,327.95Networking &

Conference

EUR5,164.08

Serkhang

EUR45,247.06

Ragen Stupa &

School

EUR21,617.03

Labrang Town

EUR954.11

Jyekundo Old

Town

EUR2,832.09

Hutong

Conservation

EUR17,497.31

Surveys in China

EUR5,220.26

Mongolia project

EUR32,634.20

Leh project

EUR54,575.24

Contactinformation THFGermany:BerlinerStr.68,13189Berlin THFChina:4-405,No.8,Jiaodongxiaoqu,100007Beijing THFLadakh:Lakrukhouse,stalam,leh194101LadakhJ&K Tax-freeBanka/c:Tibetheritagefund7104192003,BLZ10090000 IBAN:DE03100900007104192003,BerlinerVolksbank www.tibetheritagefund.org