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'"t');,(i( LM O. CHICf POLICE OffICERS;

@ Natlonal Policing

Improvement Agency 2012

All rights reserved. No

port of this publication

may be reproduced.

modmed. amended. stored

in any retrieval system or

tronsmilled, in any form

or by ony means. without

the prior wrilten permission

of the Nationat Policing

Improvement Agency or ils

representative

(on behalf 01 ACPO).

The above restrictions do

nol appty to police forces

or authorities, which are

aulhorised to use thIS ACPO Guidelines on the Use of III capac lionI Spray 44 material for official. non­

prom-making purposes only.

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The Home Office approve, and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) support, the use of CS and PAVA Incapacitants as a tactical option to manage conflict.

Incapacitants are known to reduce the capacity of most

individuals to offer resistance or violence to officers, without unnecessarily prolonging discomfort. They are designed to incapacitate violent and aggressive individuals who could not otherwise be restrained without risk to the officer.

ACPO has produced guidance that provides information and advice on incapacitants as a firearm and other aspects of incapacitant use, its effects, storage and policy.

These incapacitants were chosen following police trials and as they meet the operational requirement defined by the ACPO Working Group on Self Defence Arrest and Restraint.

On 1 st March 1996, 16 forces throughout England and Wales began trials of hand-held CS sprays and on 9th November 2004 the Home Office agreed to support the use of PAVA.

Incapacitant Sprays have been defined as a firearm (also referred to as a 'prohibited weapon') by the Home Secretary, under Section 5(i) (b) of the Firearms Act 1968. This is because they have been "constructed with a noule and they propel a noxious fluid".

IN F 0 POI N T

The incapacitant CS is named after the first people to synthesise it in 1928, Corson and Stoughton.

PAVA is Pelargonlc Acid Vanltlylamlde. a synthetic pepper spray.

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How do you Report an Incident?

Officers should refer to their own force policy in relation to the reporting of I Use of Force I. The Use of Force module, Reporting and Monitoring, provides further guidance.

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Risk Assessment Each force will need to complete its own risk assessment in relation to the storage and operational use of incapacitant spray.

Physiological Effects of CS Incapacitant Spray A burst of CS into the face will usually affect the eyes, the respiratory system and the skin.

The effect may be virtually instantaneous, delayed or there may be no effect at all.

For this reason, officers must not rely on CS as their only option, but must be prepared to consider other appropriate tactical options.

When a subject is exposed to CS, the effects are:

• pain nnd discom fort in the yes which may cause excessive watering

• involuntary spasm o f the eyelids, leading to blinking or closure of the eyes

• burnino sensation

• excess sal iva tion

• burning and c onstriction of the chest

• sneezing , coughing, re tching

• stinging or burning sensation on exposoeJ skin.

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CS will equally affect those who wear spectacles or contact lenses.

The extent of these symptoms will depend on the amount of CS sprayed, the delivery system and the range it is used at, and may vary between subjects.

Subjects can find the experience of being exposed to CS very distressing. This can lead to anxiety, panic or aggression .

This combined with the experience of being temporarily unable to see and the effect on breathing can lead to disorientation and a feeling of nausea.

• Th$ sUbJ_ct supper torso may be tt fdrWqrd

• The subject may panic and suffer the effects of stress

• The subject may suffer from impaired healing or may not hear the offtcer at all

• The subject's muscles may tense and they may not respond Immedia tely to the officer's instructions.

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Physiological Effects of PAVA Incapacitant Spray

A burst of PAyA in the face will usually affect the eyes, the skin and if inhaled the respiratory system.

The effect may be virtually instantaneous, delayed or there may be no effect at all. For this reason, officers must not rely on PAY A as their only option, but must be prepared to consider other appropriate tactical options.

The extent of these symptoms will depend on the amount of PAyA sprayed, the delivery system and the range it is used at, and may vary between subjects.

When a subject Is exposed to PAVA the effects are:

• dilation of the capillaries and instant closing of the eyes

• severe twitching or spasmodic contrac tion of the eyelids

-• involuntary closing of the eyes; an eye shut

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• a burning sensation; this is not actual burning however the chemical is causing the body sensors to respond in a similar way

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• if inhaled it produces immediate respiratory inflammation which in turn produces uncontrollable coughing as a protective measure, and sometimes shortness o f breath

1- ­• infiammation of mucous membranes

produces difficulty in breathing through the nose

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• the face will feel very hot, as will the inside of the nose and mouth if they have been in contact with the spray

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• lips and eyelids may become slightly swollen 1­ -

• skin colour may range from slight discolouralion to brigl1t red.

Subjects can find the experience of being exposed to PAyA very painful.

This can lead to high stress, anxiety, panic or aggression.

This combined with the experience of being temporarily unable to see for a longer period of time than they have ever experienced before can lead to disorientation and a feeling of nausea.

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General Aftercare following Incapacitant Exposure .­ - ~ - - -

When an omcer has used an Incapacitant spray and the subject they have used It on Is controlled. these general aHercare procedures should be considered and followed:

• Ensure I at the conlrol rnelhods used C1nd the position the subject is placed inlo does nol adversely affecl Iheir breathing.

• Instrucl Ihe subJecl 10 brealhe '1ormally. This will aid recovery

nrl provenl hyperventilation. Hyperventilation Is abnolmally deep or rapid breathing caused by anxiely.

• Remove Ihe subject to an uncontaminated area where they can be exposed 10 fresh

• Subjects must nol be teft in. or Iransporled in. (l prone (face down) posilion. fho subject should be carefully monitored throughout lila policing process. unlil Ihe effect of Iho incapacitant1los worn off.

it will be a malier for individual force policy whether subjects me roull ety examined by force medicol sleHf, or o t Ihe discrelion o f the custody olOcer.

• If of cars sulfer con taminol ion. they should similarly be exo ined by 0 police medica l officer.

• The officer shoutd ask Ihe ul)j c t illhey wear contoc!

lenses as they moy experience greater disc amforI. They should be permi lted 10 remove their lenses althe earliest opportunity.

• Exposure to incapacitant sprays, In common with olher substances, may cause damage

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air. if possible. Exposure 10 fresh air will normally result in recovery rrom significant symptoms.

The subject shOuld be advised not to tub th eyes or f ce os this wtIl on OQQtO"ate the effects. Th& lmmCldtpte app1lcatlon of water or soUne to the affected at*Iw1Illncrease the bumlng sensoflon

If reactlo to Incapacltants are thOUght to be adverse. Immediate medICal aSSIstance should beobtained. It Is 8$Ssntlal that the subject's breathing 15 monUored.

If Ihe subject is hov' 9 d ifOcully resuming normal breathing. Ihe provision of medicoI ossislance must bo given preced ',nco over conveying the subject to the police slolion.

If t e force medical officer Is likely to be unduly delayed. he provIsion of other medica l assistance should be considered. Do not attempt to irrigate the subject's eyes.

to certain type of contact lenses. Subjects who experience problems w it ) their lenses after normol c leaning should consult on optician.

Close monllQrJflQ .of tHe subject ~tjOut the ~~ o the utmost ImpOrtance. If-the subject IS Itdned In CJ cell they should glv constant cell supervision, as provided to subjects who have consumed alcohol and/or drug~. If there are any signs of adverse or unusuOl reoettons then medical attenl/on shaul be provided as soon as possfble.

Safety note: Irrlgallon of the eyes should only be undertaken by the subject. a doctor or other specified medIcal personnel.

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After Effects Symptoms such as swelling of the face and localised skin reactions (tingling, rashes, pain or blistering) can occur although are extremely rare. Medical attention should be sought as soon as possible where these symptoms occur.

When is a Venue Clear? Ventilation may remove the effects of an incapacitant spray in a room within a short period of time. This will however depend on many factors such as the size of room, ventilation system, air conditioning, etc. To speed up decontamination, so long as it is safe to do so, windows and doors should be left open during this period. Where a spray has been used within a building officers should advise the owners in respect of decontamination procedures.

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Advice for Custody Staff

Custody staff dealing with subjects who have been exposed to Incapacitant spray are advised, on arrival of the subject at the custody suite, to:

• ascertain thal t 1e spray has actually been used

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• segregate the su jecl trom other subjects

• ensure thot any direclly • arrange for Irrigation of tho contaminated clothtng is kepteyes 10 be undertaken only by aWay from any breath measuring Ihe subject themselves or by Ins/ruments and that tho subjec t suitably trained personnel has been given the opportunity 10 wash their focelt 01 ds before

bmilling 10 the procedure

• place any clothing til I provide the subject wilhhas bee in conla I wil l Ihe I •

written Informalion. prior to Itleitincapacitant spray in a sealed release, delailln Ihe spraybag (see individual force policy) whien was used and acllon 10 bo taken s auld they suffer any problems.

You have been sprayed with a 5% solution (approximately) of CS In the solvent Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) with a Nllrogen propellant.

Thts may have the followtng effects:

cs yc use discomfort to your eyes and a burning sensation to your skin. You may

150 hove dlfflcvlly In breathing and tfghtness of the chesl accompanied by coughing.

• Exposure 10 fresh air wilt normally result in recovery from mosl symptoms within 15···20 rninutHs. If Ihe symptoms persist you si:ould CO 'l SUIt

your doclor. Take tt1is shoet wil' you.

; CS may cause damageI to certain types of eonlact

ler s. If you have problems with your conlact tenses

I you srlould consult an optician. Take this sheot with you.

• The MIBK (methYl isobutyl ketone) solvent may cause your skin \0 go red in time and you moy have flo ng or bHstartng of skin which could continue lor up to a week. If this happe you should consult your doct~ Take Ihis sheel with yOU•

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( Subject Information Following Exposure to the PAVA Incapacitant

You have been sprayed with Nonlvamlde (PAVA) at a concentration of 0.3% In a 50/50 solvent of Ethanol and Water with a Nitrogen propellant.

This may have the following effects:

I

I • PAVA may c use damage 10 callaln types of contact Ions. If you hove problems wilh your Cor tact lenses you should consull an opliclon. Take this sll eet with you.

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ACPO Guidelines

CS Incqpacltant Spray - Description of Equipment 2.1.1 Irritant Is dispensed Iroo a and held aerosol canis er In a liquid stream that contal sa 5% solullon 01 CS (2-chlorober lylidene molononiklle) in the solvent Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBKI. The propellant is nitrogen.

2.1.2 A5% solu lion has been selected because this is the minimum concentrallon which wHi lulflt Ihe purpose oltha equipment; nam to nlmlse a person's capacity for reslslance without unnecessarily prolonging Ihelr discomfort.

2.1.3 The liquid stream Is dlrecllonal and has a range of up to 4metres. Maximum accuracy. however. w iN be achieved over a distance of 1.25 - 2 metres. The opefQtlng distance is the distance befween the canlstercmd the sub)ect's eyes. not lhe distance be tween ,he officer and Ihe subject.

2.2 Efhtc;:ts of CS 2.2.1 CS Is a perlpherat sensory irltant. tn most cases spraying will result in the subject·s eyes being forced shut. a butning sensation on the s In around the eyes and face and when inhaled their breathing may be affected. In most cases this aclion wUI be sufflcienl to render a subject incapable of continuing an allack. The effects may be instantaneous or can be dela yed for up to 20 soconds. It shOUld. however. be remembered that no incapacitant is universally effective and there may be individuals on whom an incapacitant may nol be effective at all or only partially so.

2.2.2 Exposure to fresh moving air will normally result In a signlncant recovery from the effects of CS within 15 - 20 minutes.

2.3 PAVA Incapacitant Spray - Description of Equipment

2.3.1 Captor I . Irrltar t is dispensed from a hand held r:af'lister In a liquid s reO! r thdl contlJins a 0.3% solution of PAVA (Pelar-gonic Add Vanlllylamide) in 0 SOlvent or aqueous ethanol. The propellant is nitrogen. Captor II • 'rritont is ctlspef1sed from lion held co nisleri. a liquid streo l that conloins a 0.3% solulion of PAVA in a sov 111of m Ol opropylone glycol. water and elhonol. The propellant is nilrogen.

2.3.2 Caplor I & Coplor II· A O.3.b so u jon r.as been selecled because this is the mh imum concentralfon which will futlll tha purp sa of !ho e .lliIJll'1ent; namoly to minImise a persoll's <:opaclly for resislcrncc will oul unnecessarily prolonging their discornf )fl. II shOUld be noted thai PAVA is slgnlflco lltly more polent than CS.

2.3.3 The liquid stream is (J spray pallem ond has a maximum effeatlve range of up to 4 metres. Maximum accuraCY. however. will be achieved over a disloJlce of 1.25·2 me/res. Th opera/II g distance is the distance betWeen Ihe canister and the subject's eyes not the distance between the ofOcer and the subjeci .

2.4 Effect. of PAVA 2.4.1 PAVA ptlmcuflv onects the eyos causing closure and severe pain. The pain to the eyes Is repOlted to be gniatfr than that caused by CS. The effectiveness I'OI411iyerv Igh once PAVA ge ls Into fhe eves. However, th8fe have been 0 'casio~

where PAVA has failed to work. especially when the subJect Is under the Inlluence of alcohol. II should be remembered. however. thai no incapacitant is universally elleclive and there moy be individuals on whom on Incapacitant may not be effec tive at all or only partlalty so.

2.4.2 For PAYA to wOlk ellectivl~ly it must enler the eyes. The effects of PAVA are usually instantaneous if this happens. Exposure to rresh moving air will normally result in a significant recovery from the enects of PAVA within 15 - 20 minutes.

2.5 Issue / Possession 2.5.1 General 2.5.2 Individual chief constables will wish to establish pOlicy and guidelines on the extent and appropriateness or issue and carriage by officers under Iheir command. The sprays should. however. onty be Issued to Ihose officers who hove successfuhy completed on approved traif"ling co rso.

2.6.3 Incapacitanl sprays should 'lot be regarded as a replacemenl fot other roullnely issued proteclive equipment but rother one of a number 01 tactical opllons. An orncer may need 10 resor to Ihe use of another lIem of equipment .f Ihe incapacitant Is used but does nol l o l"la Ihe off~ct intendod.

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ACPO Guidelines

2.IA 0,. 'ilon off duty ..... erotOIl{lcQpoollants a re classified as '~!ed~' by v lue of secllon. 5(' Ub) Fncrms Act t~ Police officers, whilst acting I thw capadlyas such. 018 exemptlrom the re~nts oj file IadtsIatlon and do not need any additional authodly 10 posstIfS them. Of c:ers can ther8fcxe hoVe JaiNf\fIposs;isIon of the spray whllst off duty provlded ibat ttiIs Is necessary for the purposes of pok:e,dulV. CtWf ofkel'S may wish to conslder he need for Wch ~Ion In their own force area and Inltociuoe a 5Yttem for authorising the same and far,nsurtng t safe custody of devices stored temporOllV away am police premises.

2U Wh$e ~ofnoers are deployed OJ)8ratlonalfy I e~"'~n as 0 whether IncopOoItdnt SPl'OVJh~ be d WII be made by tllet o'llcer In 0VJtrdI comm ~ police operallon.

a of it I 10 Id force area U.l0A prot~ os .. out In pQ'Qgraph 2.12 below e Iswhich accepfllhat on those occasions when the con1age of incqpodtant sproy outside an officer's own force areo Is necessary, individual chief officers will remain \lIcOrtously Hable in cMllaw for their own officers' acllons. Gvldance for the use of the spray. whelher within or outside the force area Is set out at Para. 2.6 below.

2.B.11 .Posse slon at public order events 2.5.12 Chief ofllcers may wish to consider poRcles relating to possession of Incapacitant spray at pre­planned public order events. "should be noted that there are no group tacflcal options for its use at such events and therefore use wiH be at the discretion of Individual offICers In accordance with the overriding principles of reasonableness and necessity.

2.5.13 Such ac tion on the part of an officer moy have a profound impact on crowd dynamics with obvious implicafions for public safety Clncl pubNc order. The spraying of Incapacitants in thesa circumstances may. particularly in the case of CS. lead to cross contaminalion causing panic or even hysleria. Similarly. the use of incapaCitant spray. again primaily CS although PAVA In a more limited

way, In crowded pubic areas may cause Significant cross contamination and another use of force option may be more approprlote. 1he decision to lnelncapacllont spray agalns a parson In hese circumstances must be capable of 'SUbsequent Justification and fhe closest scrutiny.

2.6 Use U.t Use of lhe pray Is one of a number of tacflcal options available to an offtcer who Is faced wllh violence or the threat 01 violence. lis use musl be lawful !n all fhe clrcU1I'l$lancos. The decision 10 usa the spray Is or IndivldUOl one for which fhe ofncer will be (JCcounlabie. The pact fa lors referred to In the 'ConfJIcl Management Model' may aSSlst ofOcers In making such judgements.

2.6.a The sproy shOuld nol be used at <I dlslahCe of Jess than 1 metre um,tiS .he nature of 1he fisk to the ofllcerII SUCh he hlSponnot btt Ovo/ded. Insuch cases. officers mustOe prepared to JUstify not only Ihelr vse of the Ipray bUt also '''''' decision to use It Of a distance whtch mav cause dCV'h(Jge to eyes due to the dlschargCt pre$SUt8 of the lIQuid.

2.6.$ Since the 'PfOV mqy only ~ Ctmporary /ncopacifatloh.lts UJ& oggJnst a.~ armed wJth a harm may not be opptOpIta(tf.Where a svblect QCfuofty has hold or a firearm the tffacts of the spray may cause fhem to IP Indiscflmlnately. However. If the firearm Is merely close to hand the sproy may be useful In prevenJlng subJects actUOlly arming themselves. Because of the extreme dangers. use In such circumstances should be carefuHy considered.

2.6.4 Because of the effects of the spray any decision to use it on a person in charge or In control of a motor vehicle must also be carefully considered.

2.6.5 Occasions will arise where Ills necessary 10 use incapacitant spray on persons whose vtolent behaviour Is due to a mental disorder or Illness. In such cases. where ills practicable. advice should be sought from mental health professionals present at the scene. In pre-planned joint activities such discussions coutd form part of the briefing and risk assessment for Ihe event. Consultation wilh friends. relatives etc. who are likely to know the person welt may also assist In deciding on fhe mosl appropriale usa of force response. The final decision to use the spray In these circumstances will rest with the officer concemed. Chief officers are encouraged to consider local protocols with health authorities I social services in this respec .

Pteale nole that 'he Conflict Management Model has been replaced by Ihe National DecisIon Model.

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ACPO Guidelines

2.7 Training 2.7.1 The almsand obJeclives 0 I inlng in Ihe se of incapacitant 5p!'ayare conlalned In ACPO's Personal Safety Programme.

2.7.2 Tacllc training In the use 0' t spray shov empha$lse preca ullons In raJa on 10 self I cross contamination and the use of opproprlate restr int techniques after spraying.

2.1.3 Chlef ofllcers should ensure that all officers ore famlllor with the dangers associated with Ihe conditions own os positional Q'phV)do and acule behavioural disorder.

2.7.4 II 1$ Important Ihat ofOcers have o n appreciation of the physical and psychological effects of incapaCItant sprays. This moy osslst " they are Inadvertently exposed 10. at c~ntomlnaled by. on lnCoPdtllonl spray during a conff'on atlon. FOrces may consider familiarising offloel's with Its effects through 'Oeneral exposure' os port of lheir training. This ospec ould 01 aD times be carried out In occordance with Ihe general exposure Iralnlng guide So which are InclUded In he Personal Safely Prograrim8. Offlcers who. due a a own medical conditIOn, ate concsmed oboul bek'\g exposed 10

IhCapac1tant spray should be adVIsed 10 consult their force medical or occupallonal heatth officer before being exposed.

2.8 Aftercare 2.8.1 After spraying and once the subject has been property reslralned " is Important thai the officer provides verbal reassurance as to the temporary effects of incapacitant spray and Instrucls the sublecl to breathe normatly. This will aid recovery and lessen the risk of hyperventilation. This procedure. together wilh those below. apply equally to offtcers or others exposed to Incapacitants. whether in training or operationally .

2.8.2 The person sprayed should be removed to rIO

uncontaminated area where they can be exposed 10

cool fresh air. This will assisl Ihoir recovery. Although they should not be forced 10 open Iheir eyes. Ihey should be advised to do so as soon as Ihey are able. This will allow their tears to Rush the incapacitant from the eyes. They should be told not to rub their eyes or face. as this will only increase the ellects of tl1e spray. Exposure to fresh air will ormally rosult in 0 significant recovOfY from the effects 01 the incapacitants within

15 - 20 minutes. 2.8.3" reac ions do persi5t beyond this period then copious amounts of cool ap water sl uld be used to ftu~" remaining Incopacl ani from the face. Under no circumstances should warm waler be used. The a ffected IndMdual. a Forensic Physician or other Medical personnel she only undertake ga llon of the eyes. A medlcat PrOclitioner should examine those who cannol open their eyos or whose eyes are actively running beyond the normal recovery period. The expected period Is 20 mlnules alter exposure although this varies fl'Qrn lndIvlduallo ' dlvlduol. The use of so coRed incapacitant 'antidote' or 'nautlOlISing' agents t;een examined and they are not considered approprfote. in some cases their use may prove harmfvl.

t.eA OIG$$ monitoring of a SUbJect throughout he I'eCOV8fY petiQd t$:o1 utmosi Importance. " 'he' h,dMduaI8Xpelrfene~, d1fflcultles I resuming normal brealhlNJ then m\tdIcQl asslslance must be sought immediatelY and musl be given precedence o\l8l'CO vey!ng he subjeCt 0 the poJlce slalion. OffllCuHles wffh bnJQthlng oy be reflecled in an tnctMdual cffSptcMng on aUdIble wheeze or on Incibllty to compt&te a IS ence In one breath or an itloredsed respfrqtory rote beyond the normal I'ecovet'V pei1od. The e~led recovery oerlod for breathing 15 5 minules after e>Cposure. If the individual has been restrained either ~ hand or through the use ot handcuffs or other reslrainl devices then particular attention should be given 10 monitoring their breathing.

2.8.5 If Ihe individual is delalned in a cell Ihey should be subject to the same cell supervision provided for Individuats who have consumed alcohol or drugs. If there are any signs of adverse or unusual reactions Ihen medical altenllon should be sought Immediately. II Is essential thatlhe subject·s breathing continues 10

be ctosety monilored.

2.8.6 If an individual sullers blistering or redness on the skin thaI persisls for severol hours Ihen in both cases Ihey should receive medical ossistance.

2.8.7 Generally. individuals who have been sprayed with incopacilants need not be routinely examined by medicol stall. Such examinations w~1 be 0 1 tho discretion of the cuslody olOcer who will act in accordance with the PACE Codesof Prod .e relating to medical treatment 01 detoined p rsons.

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ACPO Guidelines

2.8.8 On release from custody any person who has been sprayed with incapacitant should be given an Infonnalion lea Ret similar in wording to that agreed by ACPO. They Should also be advised to seele medical attention If they experience any further relaled medical problems.

2.8.9 Persons who are sprayed and who are wearing contact lenses may experience greater discomfort. They should be permitted to remove their tenses at Ihe eartiest opporlunily. On no accounl should a police ofncer ottempt to remove contact lenses from another person. Only the Individual. on optiCian or a medlcat practitioner shoutd do this. Exposure to incapacltants. In common with other substances. may cause damage to certain types of lens. soft lenses should be discarded foDowing expo$\If&. Individuals

} who experience problems with their Ien$8S after normal cleaning should consult o n opfk;lan.

2.8.10 Ventilation will usuotly remove the effects of CS In a room within 45 minutes. To enhance decontaminallon. windows and dOGI"$ $hOUId be left open dultng this period. Where CS Q8rOS01s have been used within a buDding. orRears shOuld advise the owners tn respect of decontQmlnqtlon pt'Of;edures. They should be providod with on explanatory leaJlel the woraJng of which hasb een approved by ACPO. and advised thalli the elteels hOVe not diSSipated within one hour. they should seek further advice from the police. Although primarily applicable 10 CS the some process would apply to PAVA if necessary.

2.11 storage and administration 2.11.1 tndividual chief constables wID h to establish policy and systems for the safe storoge and administration of Incapacitant sprays, Such systems should provide on audit trail to enable the identification and location of devices, tdeally. a device thot has been used operationally should be removed from circulation and. where appropriate. martced as on exhIbit 01 d stored in a ccordanc:o with manufacturer's instructions.

2.11.2 In storing on incapacita nl the following legislation must be cornpRed wilh:

Heal h (I'ld Safety at wO'j.: Acl 1974

Management o f Health and Safety at Work Rogu otions 1999

COl1rro of SlIbstonccs liazardous 10 Ilearth (COSHHj Regula!':') S 2002 ios umonded)

2.11.3 In addition, the monutaoturert$ guidelines for storage of canisters &hould be compllGd wtth and areas for slorage should be dearly marked. ThIs may include the display of appropriate h~ardous

materials (HAZMAT) c odes.

2.11.4 The advice of the Health and Safety Executive and tocal Fire Prevention Officer can be obtained In retation to areas suitable for storage. n1e use of protective clothing and respirators may be required In deQllng wilh spillage or seepage from incapacltants.

2.11.5 Individual forces should undertake appropria te risk and COSHH assessmenls In relation to aU aspects of Incapacitant sprays,

2.12ero •• Border protocols 2.12.1 All forces have equlppe(t officers Wllh an IncapacHont. OS or PAVAo

2.12.2 On borders of forces, If Is not uncommon for patrols to cross boulidOl'fes when operatlonoDy necessary.

~.12.3 WJlh tha likeUhoOd of mutudl 01(1 between forces a cross border QrOtoC:OI-ls reQUOd In the deptoyment of tncapoaftat1t sprays.

2.12A Ills clear thai chle Gonsloblea have a d uly of core 10 their officers regardless of whether they are operating within their own force b oundartes or In other force areas.

2.12.5 In order fo gel a unllled approach to this Issue. the following draft protocol Is agreed: "Ills agreed tOOl the chief constabte of a constabulary has a duty of care to his/her officers. regardless of whether they a re operating within their own or OTHER force areas. Il ls agreed. therefore. that forces witt AU OW the carriage and operational use of Incapacitant spray. os per national guldeUnss in line wlth the Connlet Mona ement Model"

ACPO StrategiC Firearms &Conflict Management PortloRo . Self Defence. Arrest & Restraint Working Group

A full version 01 Ihe up 10 dale guidelines can be found af the link below:

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