13
LEGAL C DEFINITI ANVIL....... BOW ECHO CONVECTIV DERECHO . DOWNDRA EXTRA-TRO GUST FRON MESO-SCAL MESO-SCAL METEOROL ROLL CLOU SEVERE TH SHELF CLO SUPER-COO UPDRAFT .. CLOUD T HIGH-LEVE MID-LEVEL LOW-LEVE THUNDER CUMULUS S MATURE S DECAYING THUNDER SINGLE CE THUNDERS SQUALL LI SUPERCELL HAZARD TORNADOE TURBULEN ICING ........ HAIL ......... LOW CEILI EFFECT ON LIGHTNING ENGINE WA GROUND STRENGTH ECHO INTE INTENSITY WSR-88D RADAR REF BASE REFL A CAUTION .... IONS ........... ...................... O .................... VE OUTLOOK ...................... FT ................. OPICAL CYCLO NT ................. LE CONVECTIV LE INFORMAT LOGICAL IMPA UD ................. HUNDERSTORM OUD................ OL LIQUID WA ...................... TYPES ......... EL CLOUDS..... L CLOUDS ...... L CLOUDS ..... RSTORM ST STAGE .......... TAGE ............ STAGE ......... RSTORM TY LL ................. STORM CLUSTE INE ................ L.................... S TO AVIAT ES .................. NCE ................ ...................... ...................... NG AND VISIB N ALTIMETERS G .................... ATER INGESTI D-BASED WE OF RADAR RE ENSITY (REFLE OF PRECIPITA MODES......... FLECTIVITY... LECTIVITY...... Copyrights © 20 All rights reserved. N without writte ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ONE ................ ...................... VE SYSTEM.... TION ................ ACT STATEMEN ...................... MS .................. ...................... ATER............... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... TAGES OF D ...................... ...................... ...................... YPES........... ...................... ER (MULTI CE ...................... ...................... TION ........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... BILITY............. ...................... ...................... ION ................. EATHER RA ETURN............ ECTIVITY) ....... ATION ............. ...................... ...................... ...................... Thun 007 by Flyco Bilg No part of this docum en permission of Flyc TAB ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... NT (MIS) ....... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... DEVELOPM ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ELL) ............... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ADAR ........... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... derstor Online gisayar Programc ment may be reproduc co Bilgisayar Program BLE OF C ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... MENT ............ ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... rm Avoi Course cılığı ve Eğitim H ced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm ONTENT ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... dance e izmetleri Ltd. Şti form or by any mean metleri Ltd. Şti. ..................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ..................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... Ref: Page Rev: Date i. ns .................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... C-OL-C 1/13 2 15/08/2 .................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... .................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... ...................... C137-2 2014 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 3 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 5 ...... 5 ...... 5 ...... 6 ...... 6 ...... 6 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 7 ...... 8 ...... 8 ...... 8 ...... 9 ...... 9 ...... 9 ...... 9 .... 10 .... 10 .... 10 .... 10 .... 10 .... 10 .... 10

Thunderstorm Avoidance

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Thunderstorm Avoidance

Citation preview

Page 1: Thunderstorm Avoidance

LEGAL C

DEFINITI

ANVIL.......BOW ECHOCONVECTIVDERECHO .DOWNDRAEXTRA-TROGUST FRONMESO-SCALMESO-SCALMETEOROLROLL CLOUSEVERE THSHELF CLOSUPER-COOUPDRAFT ..

CLOUD T

HIGH-LEVEMID-LEVELLOW-LEVE

THUNDER

CUMULUS SMATURE SDECAYING

THUNDER

SINGLE CETHUNDERSSQUALL LISUPERCELL

HAZARD

TORNADOETURBULENICING ........HAIL .........LOW CEILINEFFECT ONLIGHTNINGENGINE WA

GROUND

STRENGTH ECHO INTEINTENSITY WSR-88D RADAR REFBASE REFL

A

CAUTION ....

IONS ...........

......................O ....................VE OUTLOOK ......................FT .................OPICAL CYCLONT .................LE CONVECTIVLE INFORMAT

LOGICAL IMPAUD .................

HUNDERSTORMOUD ................OL LIQUID WA......................

TYPES .........

EL CLOUDS .....L CLOUDS ......L CLOUDS .....

RSTORM ST

STAGE ..........TAGE ............ STAGE .........

RSTORM TY

LL .................STORM CLUSTEINE ................L ....................

S TO AVIAT

ES ..................NCE ............................................................NG AND VISIB

N ALTIMETERSG ....................ATER INGESTI

D-BASED WE

OF RADAR REENSITY (REFLE

OF PRECIPITAMODES .........FLECTIVITY ...

LECTIVITY ......

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

.....................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................ONE ......................................VE SYSTEM ....

TION ................ACT STATEMEN......................

MS ........................................

ATER .....................................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

TAGES OF D

......................

......................

......................

YPES ...........

......................ER (MULTI CE............................................

TION ...........

......................

......................

......................

......................BILITY .........................................................

ION .................

EATHER RA

ETURN ............ECTIVITY) .......ATION ...............................................................................

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

TAB.....................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................NT (MIS) .....................................................................................................................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

DEVELOPM

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................ELL) ...........................................................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

ADAR ...........

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

BLE OF C.....................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

MENT ............

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

ONTENT.....................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

.....................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

....................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

C-OL-C

1/13

2

15/08/2

....................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

....................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

......................

C137-2

2014

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 3 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 4 

...... 5 

...... 5 

...... 5 

...... 6 

...... 6 

...... 6 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 7 

...... 8 

...... 8 

...... 8 

...... 9 

...... 9 

...... 9 

...... 9 

.... 10 

.... 10 

.... 10 

.... 10 

.... 10 

.... 10 

.... 10 

Page 2: Thunderstorm Avoidance

COMPOSITEGROUND RDATA LINK

AIRBORN

AIRBORNE PENETRATIAIRBORNE INTENSE OR

DOS AND

THUNDERSDOS BEFORDOS AND D

A

E REFLECTIVITRADAR INFORMK OF GROUND

NE WEATHE

WEATHER AVING IT ............WEATHER RA

R EXTREME EC

D DON’TS OF

STORM AVOIDARE ENTERING ADON’TS FOR TH

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

TY ..................MATION—FLIGRADAR INFOR

ER RADAR .

OIDANCE RAD......................

ADAR ECHO ACHO AVOIDAN

F THUNDER

ANCE .............A STORM .......HUNDERSTORM

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

......................GHT PLANNINGRMATION TO T

.....................

DAR IS, AS ITS N......................

AVOIDANCE ....NCE ................

RSTORM AV

......................

......................M PENETRATIO

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

......................G ...................

THE COCKPIT .

.....................

NAME IMPLIES..................................................................

VOIDANCE .

......................

......................ON .................

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

......................

......................

......................

.....................

S, FOR AVOIDIN..................................................................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

......................

......................

......................

.....................

NG SEVERE WE..................................................................

.....................

......................

......................

......................

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

......................

......................

......................

....................

EATHER—NOT..................................................................

....................

......................

......................

......................

C-OL-C

2/13

2

15/08/2

......................

......................

......................

....................

T FOR ..................................................................

....................

......................

......................

......................

C137-2

2014

.... 10 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 11 

.... 12 

.... 13 

Page 3: Thunderstorm Avoidance

The matestate, locdesigningprovided

Anvil The flat, spread hu Bow EchRadar ech ConvectiA categoStorm Prdescriptiv Derecho A widespthunderst DowndraA small-precipitat Extra-trAre morepressure neither trand horiztropical cthe weathgales and Gust FroThe leadishelf clou Meso-scaA complthunderstmore.

A

erial contaical and comg this progherein and

spreading tundreds of m

ho ho that is lin

ive Outlookorical forecarediction Ceve wording:

pread, long-torms.

aft -scale colution as in a

opical Cycle commonlyweather sy

ropical nor zontal gradicyclones arher over mud thundersto

ont ing edge ofud or roll cl

ale Convecex of multitorms but s

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

ned in thismpany regulgram contai

that in pub

top of a cummiles downw

near but ben

k ast issued aenter (SPC): Slight, Mo

-lived, straig

umn of airshower or t

lone y referred t

ystems that polar chara

ients in teme typical “luch of the Eorms.

f gusty surfaloud and ma

tive Systemiple thundesmaller than

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

L training prlations and ned then clications iss

mulonimbuswind from t

nt outward i

as a narrativ), which spoderate, and

ght-line win

r that rapithunderstorm

to as “mid-loccur in thacteristics.

mperature anlow pressurEarth, produ

face winds fay also be re

m erstorms than extra-trop

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

EGAL CArogram is bit is to be

current infosued by the

DEFINITI

s cloud, oftethe thunder

in a bow sh

ve and a grpecifies the d High Risk

ndstorm tha

idly sinks m. A microb

latitude cyche middle laExtra-tropic

nd dewpointre” systemsucing anyth

from thundeeferred to a

at becomes pical cyclon

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

AUTION based on thused for tr

ormation. Inauthority, t

IONS

en shaped listorm itself

hape.

raphic by tperceived l.

at is associa

toward theburst is the

clones.” Thatitudes of tcal cyclonet otherwise that, alonghing from c

erstorm dows an outflow

organized nes, and no

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

he informatraining purpn the eventthe authority

ike an anvilf, and somet

the Nationalevel of thr

ted with a f

e ground, result of a s

ese are defithe Earth (o

es are typicaknown as “

g with “highcloudiness a

wndrafts; sow boundary

on a scale ormally per

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

tion obtaineposes only. t of conflicy shall take

. Thundersttimes may s

al Weather reat for con

fast-moving

usually acstrong down

fined as synoutside the ally associa“baro-clinich pressure”and mild sh

ometimes as.

larger thanrsists for se

C-OL-C

3/13

2

15/08/2

ed from curAt the tim

ct between precedence

torm anvils spread upwi

Service (Nnvection via

g band of se

ccompaniedndraft.

noptic scale tropics) ha

ated with frc zones.” Ex” systems, dhowers to he

ssociated w

n the indivieveral hour

C137-2

2014

rrent me of

data e.

may ind.

WS) a the

evere

d by

low aving ronts xtra-drive eavy

with a

idual rs or

Page 4: Thunderstorm Avoidance

Meso-scaAn analyscales ran MeteoroA non-tecinvolved that couldas what (time-limiexpected for compweather midnight Roll ClouA low, hrelativelydifferenti Severe TThundersmiles per Shelf CloA low, hcloud, ththunderst Super-coIn the atmstorms co Updraft A small-become a

The follo“Cirro”-c

A

ale Informaysis of metenging from

logical Impchnical plaiin planning

d cause a d(weather) isited to not conditions

plex situatiothat is inc

t local time

ud horizontal ty rare; they iating them

Thunderstostorms that r hour) or gr

oud horizontal whe shelf clotorm.

ool Liquid Wmosphere, lontain large

-scale currea cumulus c

owing cloudcurl of hair,

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

ation eorological a few to sev

pact Statemin languageg aircraft roisruption of causing theexceed a 4

, the MIS sons, using luded in theach day. T

tube-shapedare complefrom the m

rms produce ha

reater, and/o

wedge-shapoud is atta

Water liquid water

e amounts of

ent of risingcloud or an i

d roots andhigh, "Alto

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

informatioveral hundr

ment (MIS)e product intoutings. Thf the safe fle disruption48-hour vashould be upa specific

he text MIThe MIS is d

d cloud assetely detach

more familia

ail one inchor tornadoe

ped cloud aached to th

r can survivf super-coo

g air. If theindividual t

d translationo”- mid, “St

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

on pertainined kilomete

) tended prim

he MIS contow of air tr

n, the area aalid period. pdated. TheWeb addre

S. MIS prodisseminate

sociated wihed from ther shelf clou

h in diamets.

associated whe base of

ve at tempeled liquid w

e air is sufower of a to

CLOUD Tns summaritrato”- layer

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

ng to atmosers (km).

marily for Atains a brieraffic. This and altitudes

When the e MIS may ess and wioducts are

ed and store

ith a thunde thundersto

uds.

ter or large

with a thunthe parent

eratures colwater at cold

fficiently mowering cum

TYPES ize the comr, and “Nim

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

spheric phe

ATC traffic mf discussiondiscussion s affected, aforecast isrefer to an

ll provide numbered

d as a “repl

derstorm guorm base or

er, convecti

nderstorm gcloud abo

der than 0 d temperatu

moist, then tmulus or cu

mponents ofmbo”-rain, pr

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

nomena ha

managers, pn of meteorwill include

and movems no longern online graa brief dessequentiall

laceable pro

ust front. Rr other clou

ive winds o

gust front. ove it whic

degrees C; ures.

the moisturumulonimbu

f the classifrecipitation

C-OL-C

4/13

2

15/08/2

aving horizo

pilots, and thrological eve specifics

ment. The Mr descriptiv

aphic, especscription ofly beginninoduct.”

Roll cloudsud features,

of 50 knots

Unlike the ch is usual

many vigo

re condenseus.

fication sysn.

C137-2

2014

ontal

hose vents such IS is

ve of cially f the ng at

s are thus

s (58

roll lly a

orous

es to

stem:

Page 5: Thunderstorm Avoidance

High-levHigh-levcold tropoften appcrystals. Unlike ciclouds dcrystals ohalo mayin turn, thFinally, calso maydescent. Mid-leveThe base6,500 andthe tropoof the twfreezing) The two m

• al• al

Altostratuthe mid-lstratus, thproduce occur fro Altocumuconvectivcloud axelocally deelevated be release Low-leveLow-levedependinwater drosnow) co The two m

• st• cu

A

vel clouds el clouds oc

pospheric tepear thin, stThey often irrus, cirros

do in low lof cirrostraty form. As ahicken and lcirrocumulu

y line up in

el clouds es of cloudsd 20,000 fesphere, theswo, includi.

main types ltostratus anltocumulus.

us clouds alevels. Theyhen nimbossignificant

om a thick a

ulus cloudsve elementses indicatingescending, dinstability, ed into deep

el clouds el clouds arng on their coplets or evomprise muc

main types tratus whichumulus whi

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

ccur above emperatures treaky, and are the first

stratus cloulevels). Whtus clouds, a warm fronlower into aus clouds an streets or

s in the mideet. Dependse clouds ming super-c

of mid-levend

are "strato" ty frequentlystratus resuprecipitatiolto-stratus d

s exhibit "cs. Like cirrg localized drier air. Alespecially

p convectio

e not given characterist

ven super-coch of the clo

of low clouh develop hoich develop

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

about 20,00at these lewhite. Cirrt sign of an

uds form mohen sunlighthe light is

nt approachealtostratus, sare layered

rows of clo

ddle level oding on the may be compcooled drop

el clouds are

type cloudsy indicate thulting in raion at the surdeck.

cumulo" typrocumulus, areas of asc

ltocumulus in the mornn during the

a prefix, altics. Low clooled dropleouds.

uds include;orizontallyvertically.

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

00 feet/6000vels, the cl

rus clouds aapproachin

ore of a wiht or moondispersed o

es, cirrus clostratus, andclouds permouds across

of the tropoaltitude, tim

posed of liqplets (i.e.,

e;

s (see belowhe approachn or snow.rface, altho

pe charactealtocumulu

cending, moclouds withning, whiche afternoon

lthough theilouds occurets, except d

and

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

0 meters anouds prima

are wispy, fng warm frodespread, v

nlight passeor refractedouds tend to

d even nimbmeated withs the sky de

osphere, givme of year,quid water dliquid drop

w) that possh of a warm However, ugh sprinkl

eristic in mus may aligoist air, andh some vertih could becor evening

ir names arer below 650during cold

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

nd are givenarily are comfeathery, andont or an uppveil-like layes through d in such a wo thicken inostratus. h small cumenoting loc

ven the pref and vertica

droplets, iceplets whose

sess a flat afront and maltostratus

les or occas

mid-levels, ign in rows d clear zoneical extent m

come “boun.

e derived fr00 feet, and d winter stor

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

n the prefix mposed of id composedper-level jet

yer (similar the hexago

way that a nto cirrostrat

muliform lucalized area

fix "alto-", aal temperat

e crystals, ore temperatu

and uniformmay thicken

clouds thesionally ligh

i.e., heap-lior streets

es between rmay denote

ndary-layer”

rom "strato-normally c

rms when i

C-OL-C

5/13

2

15/08/2

"cirro-". Duice crystals,d entirely ot stream. to what str

onal-shapedfamiliar rintus, which m

umpiness. Ts of ascent

appear betwture structurr a combinaures are be

m type texturn and lower mselves doht showers

ike clouds of clouds, rows suggesthe presenc

” based and

-" or "cumuconsist of lice crystals

C137-2

2014

ue to , and f ice

ratus d ice ng or may,

They t and

ween re of ation elow

re in into

o not may

with with sting ce of

d can

ulo-", iquid (and

Page 6: Thunderstorm Avoidance

Stratus clfree or mthe manyseveral h Stratocumelementscharacterwith thicka frontalproducingcellular (name deplittle vertnormally A cumulu“toweringupdrafts thunderstclouds duresulting

CumulusThundersin a seriinteractiorising ancondenserise. Thecomposedcloud. Thwhere suabove theof cool do Mature SThe matuThe dowevaporatievaporateprecipitatsize, heigthe cloudflatten ou

A

louds are unmay cause pey areas, espours or even

mulus clou, characteriristic of “strk and thin al system. Ng steady ra(individual) pends on thtical growth

y they simply

us cloud thag cumulus”can develo

torm produue to many in lightning

s Stage storms devees of conv

ons betweennd falling aes. The conde cloud edgd primarilyhe convecti

uper-cooled e freezing leowndrafts, w

Stage ure stage is

wndrafts are ive cooling,es. This cotion. As theght and widd base. Durut, forming

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

niform and eriods of ligpecially behn a day or tw

ds are hybistic of “curato”- type careas. TheseNimbostratuain or snow

in nature, he degree ofh on an othy are referre

at exhibits s”. If enougop in the cuucing heavy

collisions bg and thund

THUND

elop when thvective updrn the rising air. As the densation r

ges, during y of water dive cloud cowater droplevel. The fawhich leads

characterizcaused by

, as the rainold descende mature-sta

dth. Cloud toring this maan anvil sha

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

flat, producght precipitahind a stormwo.

brids of layumulo” typclouds. Strae clouds appus clouds a

w. In contrahave flat bo

f vertical deherwise sunned to just as

significant vh atmospheumulus clouy rain. In abetween cha

der. Cumulu

DERSTOR

he atmosphrafts. As thwarm, moiwarm air weleases heathis stage,

droplets. Thontinues to lets and ice alling precips to the seco

zed by the pthe downw

n is falling wding air inage thundero ground ligature stage,ape often at

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

cing a gray ation or drizm system w

yered stratupe clouds, atocumulus pear freque

are generallast to layerottoms and evelopment.ny day useds cumulus o

vertical deveric instabiud leading

addition, cloarged water

us clouds are

RM STAGE

here has warhe air beginist and coolwithin the cat into the c

are usuallyhe process c

grow upwacrystals ex

pitation andond stage.

presence ofward drag owith the down the downrstorm deveghtning usu, the top oft the top of t

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

layer of clozzle. Low swhen cold,

us and cellclumped toalso can be

ently in the ly thick, dered, horizon

rounded to. For instand to be termor flat cumu

elopment (blity, moistuto a matur

oud electrifr droplet, ice all capable

ES OF DEV

rm, moist ains to condling air resucloud conti

cloud, warmy sharp andcontinues anard, eventuaist. Precipit

d cool air fro

f both updraof falling rawndraft, entndraft will elops, the cuually begins f the resultithe troposph

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

oud cover wstratus deckdismal, gr

lular cumuogether in e thought of atmosphere

ense stratusntal stratus, ops, and gronce, scatteremed "fair wulus.

but is not yeure, and lifre, deep cufication occce-water mixe of produc

VELOPME

ir which risense it formult in the deinues to ris

ming the aird distinct, innd works toally growintation beginom the envi

afts and doain. The dowters drier air

often reacumulus clouwhen the p

ing cumulohere.

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

which may bks are commray weather

ulus, i.e., ina continuo

f as a layer oe, either ahes or stratoc

cumulus cow verticalld cumulus

weather cum

et a thunderft are preseumulonimbucurs within x, and ice cing some se

ENT

ses into a bums a cumuevelopment se, it eventu. This, in tundicating tho form a towng above thns to form oironment sta

wndrafts wwndraft is sr below the

ch the grouud continueprecipitationnimbus clo

C-OL-C

6/13

2

15/08/2

be precipitatmon in wintr can linger

ndividual cous distribuof cloud cluead of or becumulus cloclouds are mly. In fact, tclouds show

mulus," altho

rstorm) is caent, then strus cloud, i.

cumulonimcrystal partierious storm

uoyant plumulus cloud.

of a procesually cools urn, causes hat the clouwering cume freezing lnce the air rart the initia

within the clstrengthenede cloud baseund beforees to increasn first falls foud will sta

C137-2

2014

tion-er in r for

cloud ution, umps ehind ouds more their wing ough

alled rong e., a

mbus cles,

ms!

me or The

ss of and it to

ud is mulus

level rises ation

loud. d by

e and e the se in from

art to

Page 7: Thunderstorm Avoidance

DecayingThe decawhen thefirst appeappears additionaand rain also be inwhen the

Thundersthunderstembedde Single CA single cells may ThunderThunderscells with Squall LA squall moist, unlong to d SupercelA superctornadoes HAZARAll thundcombinatdetermin TornadoThe mostany initiathe cloudinside thea funnel-the surfacit is a “w

A

g Stage aying stage e super-coolear in the afilmy, or d

al latent heacooled downitiated whee source of m

storms packtorms of dd within oth

ell cell (or com

y be severe

rstorm Clustorms oftenhin the clust

Line line is a nar

nstable air, betour easily

ll cell is a sins produced

RDS TO AVderstorms htions. While which haz

oes t violent thual rotating md. Meteorole vortex is q-shaped clouce, it is a “faterspout.”

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

is characteled cloud d

anvil, whichdiffuse, witat is release

wndrafts reden the precipmoisture is c

k just aboudifferent sizher cloud de

mmon) thunand produc

ster (Multin develop inter may mov

rrow band obut it may dy around and

gle long-livin the Unite

VIATION have conditle not everzards a thun

understormsmotion, it ofogists havequite low. Tud extendinfunnel cloud

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

erized by ddroplets freeh becomes mth indistinced after the duce the tempitation witcut off, or w

THUNut every w

ze and typeecks. Thund

nderstorm ce hail and m

i Cell) n clusters wve in one di

of active thudevelop in ud too wide a

ved thundered States an

tions that ary thundersnderstorm co

s draw air inften forms a

e estimated The strong wng downward;” if it touc

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

owndrafts teze and the more pronoct cloud edcloud dropl

mperature bethin the storwhen lifting

NDERSTOweather hazes. Thunderderstorm typ

cell often demicroburst w

with numeroirection whi

understormsunstable air and severe t

rstorm whicnd for most

are a hazardstorm contaontains.

nto their cloan extremelthat wind i

winds gatherd from the ches a land

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

throughout cloud cont

ounced in thdges. The clets freeze, elow the clorm becomesg ceases

ORM TYPEzard knownrstorms mapes may be

evelops on wwinds.

ous cells. Thile the whol

s. Often it dfar remove

to penetrate

ch is responof the hailst

d to aviatioains all haz

oud bases wly concentrain such a ver dust and d

cumulonimsurface, it i

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

the entire ctain ice cryhis stage. Thcloud begin

and becausoud. The des too heavy

ES n to aviatioay be isolaclassified a

warm and h

hese can cole system m

develops oned from any e.

nsible for ntones larger

on. These hzards, it is

with great foated vortex

vortex can edebris, and

mbus base. Iis a “tornad

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

cloud. Decastals. Ice crhe ice cryst

ns to collapse the shadoecay of a thfor the upd

on. Pilots ated from oas:

humid summ

over large amoves in ano

n or ahead ofront. The

nearly all ofr than golf b

hazards occus not possi

rce. If the infrom the su

exceed 200 the low pre

If the clouddo”; and if it

C-OL-C

7/13

2

15/08/2

ay often berystals typictal laiden cpse becauseow of the c

hunderstormrafts to supp

may encouother cloud

mer days. T

areas. Indiviother.

f a cold froline may be

f the signifiball-size.

ur in numeible to visu

ncoming airurface well knots; pres

essure generd does not rt touches w

C137-2

2014

egins cally

cloud e no

cloud m can

port,

unter ds or

These

idual

nt in e too

icant

erous ually

r has into

ssure rates each

water,

Page 8: Thunderstorm Avoidance

Tornadoeindicate tornado vextends wencounte Families outward thunderst TurbulenPotentialldestroy aOutside tlaterally from the It is almodo so greattitude. A low-lethe leadinahead (upchange in The dowproduce microburdirectionbut not re Icing Updrafts carried acools to alevel, at l Super-cofreezing labundancand encou Hail Hail comabove theso the ha

A

es occur wthat atmosvortex is awell into thr a hidden v

of tornadofrom the

torm may co

nce ly hazardouan aircraft. the cloud, sfrom a seveanvil cloud

ost impossibeatly increa

vel turbulenng edge of tp to 15 milen surface wi

wnward movwind shear

rst is a smals from the deaching the

in a thundeabove the fra temperatulower tempe

oled water level but at ce of large, unters can b

mpetes withe freezing lailstone gro

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

with both ispheric conlmost certa

he cloud, anvortex.

es have beearea of ligontain hidd

us turbulenStrongest t

shear turbuere storm. Ad edge.

ble to hold aases stress

nt area is athe storm mes) of assocind ahead o

ving columnr, and in sll-scale, intdowndraft cground, ma

erstorm supreezing leve

ure of about eratures, the

freezes on high levelssuper-coole

be frequent

h turbulenceevel begin t

ows-sometim

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

olated and nditions areain to suffeny pilot ina

en observedghtning anen vortexes

nce is presturbulence

ulence is enAdditionally

a constant aon the airc

ssociated wmarks the topciated precipf an approa

n of air in some casestense downdcenter. Virgay precede a

pport abundael, the wate-15ºC, the r

e amount of

impact withs, icing fromed water drin a cluster

e as the greto freeze. Omes into a

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

squall line favorable

er loss of cadvertently

d as appendd precipita

s.

ent in all within the

ncountered sy, clear air t

altitude in acraft. Stress

with the gusp of the extrpitation. Thaching storm

a typical th the most draft that w

ga, streaks oa microburs

ant liquid wer may becoremaining wf super-cool

h an aircrafm smaller drroplets maker of cells. Th

eatest thundOnce a drop

huge iceba

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

e thunderstofor violen

control and caught on

dages of theation. Thus

thunderstorcloud occuseveral thouturbulence m

a thunderstoses are leas

t front. Oftreme turbule gust front

m.

hunderstormsevere typ

when reachinof precipitatst.

water with rome super-water vaporled water de

ft. Clear icinroplets mayes clear icinhunderstorm

derstorm ha has frozen

all. Large h

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

orms. Forent turbulenc

structural instrument

e main clou, any clou

rms, and a urs betweenusand feet may be enc

orm, and mast if the airc

en, a “roll clence zone. t causes a ra

m is large. Tpe of wind ng the surfation falling

elatively larcooled. As

r sublimatesecreases.

ng can occuy be rime or ng very rapm icing can

azard to air, other drop

hail occurs w

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

cast reportsce. An aircdamage. S

ts in a thun

ud extendinud connecte

severe thun updrafts aabove and

countered 20

aneuvering craft is hel

cloud” or “Gust fronts

apid and som

The resultanshear, the

ace, spreadsfrom a thun

rge droplet the upward

s as ice crys

ur at any altmixed rimeid between be extreme

rcraft. Supeps latch on with severe

C-OL-C

8/13

2

15/08/2

s for tornacraft enterinince the vo

nderstorm c

ng several med to a se

understorm and downdrup to 20 m

0 or more m

in an attempd in a cons

“shelf clouds often movmetimes dr

nt outflow microburs

s outward inderstorm c

sizes and wd current o

stals. Above

titude abovee and clear.0ºC and -1ly hazardou

er-cooled dand freeze te thundersto

C137-2

2014

does ng a ortex could

miles evere

can rafts. miles miles

pt to stant

d” on ve far astic

may st. A n all

cloud

when of air e this

e the The 5ºC,

us.

drops to it, orms

Page 9: Thunderstorm Avoidance

with strodistance thunderst As hailstreach thePilots shocumulonia few sec Low CeiGenerallyrestrictedsame prowith the flying vir Effect onPressure with the oas the thunot receiv LightninA lightninavigatiohowever,pilot, renNearby leven dislightningas a rule, Engine WTurbine ethunderstapproachoccur. It engines aconcentra At the ppossibilitof these wadverse e

A

ong updraftsfrom the

torm.

tones fall the ground asould anticipimbus. Hailconds.

ling and Viy, visibilityd in precipitoblem as allother thundrtually impo

n Altimeterusually fallonset of theunderstorm ve a correct

ng ing strike caonal equipm, serious acc

ndering the lightning catant ones,

g intensity anhave a high

Water Ingeengines havtorms, parti

hes or exceeis possible

are designeation which

present timety of enginewater-induceffect on eng

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

s that havestorm core

hrough air ws either hailpate possibllstones large

isibility y is near zetation and dl ceiling anderstorm haossible.

rs ls rapidly we first gust, a

passes. Thted altimete

an puncturement. Lightncidents duepilot mome

an also inducan disrup

nd frequench frequency

estion ve a limit oicularly thoseds the veloe that these ed to ingesh could resu

e, there is e damage/flaced engine sgine stall m

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

e built to gre. Hail ma

with temperl or rain. Rle hail wither than one-

ero within dust betweend visibility azards of tur

with the appand arrival

his cycle of r setting, th

e the skin ofning has bee to lightninentarily unauce permanpt radio cocy have no sy of lightnin

on the amouse in the deocity of theconcentrat

t. Thereforlt in flameo

no known ameout durstalls has no

margins in th

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

reat heightsay be enco

ratures abovRain at the sh any thund-half inch in

a thundersten the cloud

restrictionsrbulence, ha

roach of a tof the cold pressure ch

he altimeter

f an aircrafteen suspecteng strikes arable to navinent errors ommunicatiosimple relat

ng.

unt of wateeveloping ste falling raions can be

re, severe thout and/or st

operationaring massiveot been detehe presence

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

s. Eventuallountered in

ve 0ºC, theysurface doederstorm, esn diameter c

torm cloudd base and ts, but the hail, and ligh

thunderstormdowndraft

hange may may be mo

t and can daed of ignitire extremelyigate either in the magons on lowtionship to o

er they can tages. If theindrops, vee in excess hunderstormtructural fai

al procedure water ingeermined, it iof massive

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

ly, the hailn clear air

y begin to mes not meanspecially becan signific

d. Ceiling athe ground. hazards are htning that

m. Pressureand heavy roccur in 15re than 100

amage comming fuel vapy rare. Nearby instrum

gnetic compw and medother storm

ingest. Upde updraft veery high con

of the quams may coilure of one

re that can estion. Althis felt that thwater inges

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

lstones fall,r several m

melt and prn the absenceneath the acantly damag

and visibilitThe restricincreased wmake preci

e then usualrain, falling5 minutes. I0 feet in erro

municationspors causingrby lightnin

ment or by vpass. Lightndium freque

parameters

drafts are pelocity in thncentration

antity of waontain areas

or more en

completelyhough the exhrust changstion.

C-OL-C

9/13

2

15/08/2

possibly smiles from

recipitation ce of hail aanvil of a lge an aircra

ty also mayctions createwhen associision instrum

lly rises shag back to norIf the pilot or.

s and electrg an explos

ng can blindvisual referening discharencies. Thos, severe sto

present in mhe thundersts of water ater that turs of high wngines.

y eliminatexact mechanges may hav

C137-2

2014

some the

may aloft. large aft in

y be e the iated ment

arply rmal does

ronic sion; d the ence. rges, ough orms,

many torm may

rbine water

e the nism ve an

Page 10: Thunderstorm Avoidance

Avoidancto this typwith extrpenetratioon avoidi

StrengthWeather drop sizeDrop sizeusually aof all ech Echo IntThe colodecibels return sigcorrelatioEcho Intgreater thmeasured IntensityReflectivprecipitatalso corre1, WSR-8 WSR-88There arethese twothe atmorotation atmosphe Radar RThe radarBase RefTaken fraround thvolume s ComposiUtilizes aecho inte

A

ce of severepe of multipreme precion proceduring thrust ch

h of Radar Rradar detec

e and concene determine

are covered hoes.

tensity (Refors on radar

of Z (dBZ)gnal from on between ensity Legehan 75 dBZd.

y of Precipivity is corrtion is preselated with 88D Weath

D Modes e two main o operating sphere arouspeeds of tere.

Reflectivity r presents cflectivity rom the lowhe radar to lscan.

ite Reflectiall elevationensity (refle

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

e storm systple engine dipitation, thre containedhanges unle

GReturn cts dropletsntration. Th

es echo intenwith a film

flectivity) r images rep) (equivalentargets in tintensity va

end, depictsZ. The scal

itation related to sent. The hi

intensity teher Radar Pr

operating ststates there

und the radthe radar it

overage in t

west (½°) elook for pre

ivity n scans duriectivity) fro

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

tems is the damage/flamhe best knod in the appess excessiv

GROUND-B

s of precipihe greater thnsity to a m

m of water an

present diffnt reflectivithe atmosphalue and cos these corle also incl

intensity oigher the reerminology recipitation

tates of the e is volume

dar. These dtself. Each

two basic re

elevation scecipitation.

ing each volom any ele

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

only measumeout. Durown recom

proved Airpve airspeed v

BASED WE

tation. Thehe concentr

much greaternd, therefor

ferent echo ity). The dBhere. Each

olor on the rrrelations foludes ND c

of precipitaeflectivity v(phraseoloIntensity Te

WSR-88D:e coverage pdifferent VC

VCP there

eflectivity im

can, base reBase reflec

lume scan tevation angl

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

ure assured ting an unav

mmendation lane Flight variations o

EATHER R

strength oration and/or extent thare, act as hu

intensities BZ values i

image inclradar imageor the WSRcorrelated to

ation. Whenvalue, the hgy) for air erminology

: Clear Air Mpattern (VC

CPs have vefore can p

mages.

eflectivity ictivity imag

to create thele seen from

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

to be effectvoidable enc

is to folloManual (AF

occur.

RADAR

of the radar or size of dran does dropuge water dr

(also calledincrease baludes a cole. Figure 4, R-88D. Theo black tha

n the dBZhigher the rtraffic contr

y, defines th

Mode and PCP) forecastarying numrovide a di

is excellentge is the firs

e image. It im the rada

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

tive in prevecounter witow the sevFM) with sp

return (echrops, the strp concentraroplets givin

d reflectivitased on the lor scale thWSR-88D

e scale rangat indicates

Z value reaainfall rate.rol (ATC) p

his correlatio

Precipitationters utilize

mbers of eleifferent per

t for surveyst image av

is composedar. It is use

C-OL-C

10/13

2

15/08/2

enting expoth severe stovere turbulpecial emph

ho) dependronger the etion. Hailstng the stron

ty) measurestrength of

hat represenWeather R

ges from -3“no data”

aches 15, . Reflectivipurposes. Ton.

n Mode. Wito help ana

evation tiltsrspective of

ying the reailable duri

d of the greed to reveal

C137-2

2014

osure orms ence hasis

ds on echo. ones

ngest

ed in f the nts a

Radar 30 to

was

light ty is

Table

ithin alyze and f the

egion ing a

atest l the

Page 11: Thunderstorm Avoidance

highest rnecessita Ground ThundersThe best avoid the Data LinUnlike aradar sysconditionproduct, avoid ind

AirbornepenetratWhether the capabphenomeprecipitatavoiding conditionreflects adetecting“shadow.operating AirborneRemembcloud, an Intense oAvoid heleast 40 echoes.

ThunderNever reintensity.Avoiding The folloDon’t lanturbulenc

A

reflectivity iated by the n

Radar Infostorms builduse of grou

e whole thun

nk of Grounairborne westem is not ns. As the cudo not attem

dividual stor

e weather ating it to fly into a

bilities of thena is limition drops; turbulence.

ns from clouall of the rg additional.” For aircg techniques

e Weather er that whil

nd hazardou

or Extremeeavy or extrmiles befo

Drstorm Avoegard any t. g thunderst

owing are sond or takeoce could cau

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

in all echoeneed for all

ormation—d and dissipund radar innderstorm a

nd Radar Iather avoidreal-time inurrent locatmpt to find rms by visu

avoidance

an area of rahe pilot andited in boit does not . The radar uds and fogadio signall cells that raft equipps and limita

Radar Echle hail alwa

us turbulence

e Echo Avoreme level eore flying b

DOS AND oidance thunderstorm

torms is th

ome dos andoff in the fause loss of c

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

es. Composelevation sc

—Flight Plapate rapidlynformation iarea.

Informationdance radarnformation.tion of a thua hole in a

ual sighting

AIRBORradar is, a

adar echoesd the aircrath directiodetect turbudisplay also. A phenomls sent by t

might lie ped with aiations of the

ho Avoidanays gives a re may exten

oidance echoes by abetween the

DON’TS O

m lightly, e

e best polic

d don’ts of tace of an apcontrol.

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

site reflectivcans to be c

nning . Therefore,is to isolate

n to the Cor, weather d The radar understorm a thunderstoor by airbor

RNE WEATas its name

s depends onaft. The abion and ranulence. Thero does not p

menon, callethe radar sybehind the

irborne weae specific sy

nce radar echo, nd to as muc

at least 20 mem). Pilots

OF THUND

even when

cy

thunderstorpproaching

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

vity image completed b

, do not attegeneral are

ockpit data linked data displacell may b

orm solely urne weather

THER RADimplies, fo

n echo intenility of airbnge. Additirefore, the rprovide assued “attenuatiystem. Atte first cell. ather radar

ystem.

it may fall ch as 20 mi

miles (i.e., smay reduc

DERSTOR

radar obse

m avoidancthunderstor

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

is one of thbefore this im

empt to planeas and cov

from a groays recent re different tusing data-lr radar.

DAR or avoiding

nsity, spacinborne weathionally, weradar displaurance of avion”, may eenuation ma

This is oftr, pilots sho

several mililes from the

such echoesce the dist

RM AVOID

ervers repo

ce: rm. A sudd

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

he last radamage can be

n a course bverage of ech

ound weathrather than cthan the broinked weath

g severe we

ng between her radar toeather radaay provides voiding instexist when aay prevent

ften referredould be fam

les from thee echo edge

s should be ance for av

DANCE

ort the echo

den gust fro

C-OL-C

11/13

2

15/08/2

ar image vie produced.

between echhoes in ord

her surveillcurrent weaoadcast weaher. Pilots m

eather—not

the echoes, detect wea

ar detects no assuranc

trument weaa cell absorbthe radar f

d to as a rmiliar with

e nearest vise.

separated bvoiding we

oes are of

ont of low-l

C137-2

2014

ews, .

hoes. er to

ance ather ather must

t for

, and ather only ce of ather bs or from radar h the

sible

by at eaker

light

level

Page 12: Thunderstorm Avoidance

Don’t attand windDon’t attclear air tDon’t flyScatteredDon’t truDon’t assDon’t usemeans fo Do rememthe weaththe displDo listenrequestinDo ask ADo use d(FIS-B)) Do advisacceptingDo ensurthe route Do avoidThis is esDo circumDo rememDo regardvisually sDo give aDo diverthunderst Dos BefoIf unable Tighten tPlan and To avoidlevel of -Verify thaltitude aEstablishTurn up cIf using aand speedIf using other thu

A

tempt to flyd shear undetempt to flyturbulence. y without ad thunderstoust the visuasume that Ae data-linke

or negotiatin

mber that thher is. The lay. n to chatterng to deviateATC for radadata-linked for route se

se ATC, whg to rejoin thre that after of flight is

d by at leasspecially trumnavigate tmber that vid as extremsighted or da PIREP forrt and wait torms.

ore Enterinto avoid pe

the safety behold the co

d the most c15ºC.

hat pitot heaand cause alh power settcockpit lighautomatic pd controls wairborne radnderstorm a

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

y under a ther the stormy under the

airborne radorms not emal appearancATC will offed weather ng a path thr

he data-linkweather co

r on the Ae or divert. ar navigatioweather N

election to ahen switchedhe original ran authorizclear of thut 20 miles

ue under thethe entire arivid and fre

mely hazardodetermined br the flight c

out the th

ng a Storm enetrating a elt, put on th

ourse to takecritical icing

at is on and lmost instanings for turb

hts to highesilot, diseng

will increasedar, tilt theactivity at a

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

hunderstormm could be he anvil of a

dar into a cmbedded usuce to be a refer radar nanext generarough a thun

ked NEXRAonditions m

ATC frequen

on guidanceNEXRAD mavoid thundd to anotherroute. zed weatherunderstormsany thundee anvil of a rea if the areequent lightnous any thunby radar. conditions. hunderstorm

thunderstorhe shouldere the aircrafg, establish

turn on carntaneous pobulence penst intensity tage Altitude maneuverse antenna upaltitudes oth

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

m even if yoazardous. thundersto

cloud massually can beeliable indicvigation guation weathnderstorm a

AD mosaic imay be 15

ncy for Pil

e or to appromosaic imagerstorms enr controller

r deviation, s. rstorm idenlarge cumulea has 6/10 ning indicatnderstorm w

ms on the g

rm, the follor harness (ifft through tha penetratio

rburetor heawer failure netration airto lessen tem

de Hold Mods of the aircp and downer than the

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

ou can see

orm. There

s containinge visually circator of the uidance or dher radar (Narea (tactica

imagery shoto 20 minu

ot Weather

ove deviatiogery (e.g., Fntirely (stratr, that you a

before acce

ntified as selonimbus. thunderstor

tes the probwith tops 35

ground if u

owing are sf installed), he storm in on altitude

at or jet engand/or loss

rspeed recommporary blide and Speecraft thus inn occasionaone being f

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

through to

is a potenti

g scattered rcumnavigaturbulence

deviations arNEXRAD) mal maneuver

ows where tutes older t

r Reports (P

ons around tFlight Infortegic maneuare deviating

epting to rej

evere or giv

rm coveragebability of a 5,000 feet o

unable to na

some dos befand secure a minimumbelow the f

gine anti-ice of airspeedmmended inindness fromed Hold Mocreasing str

ally. This wflown.

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

the other si

ial for seve

embedded ated. inside a thuround thundmosaic imagring).

the weatherthan the ag

PIREP) and

thunderstormrmation Ser

uvering). g for thund

join the orig

ving an inte

e. severe thun

or higher wh

avigate aro

efore enterinall loose ob

m time. freezing lev

e. Icing can d indicationn the aircrafm lightningode. The auructural stre

will permit t

C-OL-C

12/13

2

15/08/2

ide. Turbul

ere and extr

thundersto

understorm. derstorms. gery as the

r was, not wge indicated

d other air

ms, if needervice-Broad

derstorms be

ginal route,

ense radar e

nderstorm. hether the to

und an are

ng the stormbjects.

vel or above

be rapid at. ft manual. .

utomatic altiess. the detectio

C137-2

2014

ence

reme

orms.

sole

where d on

rcraft

ed. dcast

efore

that

echo.

op is

ea of

m:

e the

t any

itude

on of

Page 13: Thunderstorm Avoidance

Dos and FollowinDo keep temporarDon’t chaDo maintDon’t turaircraft o End of th

A

Don’ts forng are some

your eyes ry blindnessange powertain constanrn back onc

out of the ha

he course.

Copyrights © 20All rights reserved. N

without writte

r Thunderstdos and donon the flig

s from lightnr settings; mnt attitude. Ace in the thuazards most

Thun

007 by Flyco BilgNo part of this documen permission of Flyc

torm Penetn’ts during ght instrumning.

maintain settAllow the alunderstorm.

quickly. In

derstorOnline

gisayar Programcment may be reproducco Bilgisayar Program

tration the thunder

ments. Look

tings for theltitude and aA straight

n addition, tu

rm AvoiCourse

cılığı ve Eğitim Hced or copied in any mcılığı ve Eğitim Hizm

rstorm peneking outside

e recommenairspeed to course throurning mane

dance e

izmetleri Ltd. Ştiform or by any mean

metleri Ltd. Şti.

etration: e the cockp

nded turbulefluctuate.

ough the stoeuvers incre

Ref:

Page

Rev:

Date

i. ns

pit can incr

ence penetra

orm most likease stress o

C-OL-C

13/13

2

15/08/2

rease dange

ation airspe

kely will geon the aircra

C137-2

2014

er of

eed.

et the aft.