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Thumb Scanner Based

Voting machine

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INTRODUCTION

A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges on all parts of the finger. A friction ridge is a

raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm) or digits (fingers and toes) or plantar (sole)

skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin. These are sometimes

known as "epidermal ridges" which are caused by the underlying interface between the dermal

papillae of the dermis and the interpapillary(rete) pegs of the epidermis. These epidermal ridges

serve to amplify vibrations triggered when fingertips brush across an uneven surface, better

transmitting the signals to sensory nerves involved in fine texture perception. The ridges do not

assist in gripping objects, sometimes in fact reducing grip to as much as 30% compared to

completely smooth finger pads.

Fingerprints may be deposited in natural secretions from the eccrine glands present in friction

ridge skin (secretions consisting primarily of water) or they may be made by ink or other

contaminants transferred from the peaks of friction skin ridges to a relatively smooth surface

such as a fingerprint card. The term fingerprint normally refers to impressions transferred from

the pad on the last joint of fingers and thumbs, though fingerprint cards also typically record

portions of lower joint areas of the fingers (which are also used to make identifications).

Fingerprint identification or palm print identification is the process of comparing questioned and

known friction skin ridge impressions from fingers or palms or even toes to determine if the

impressions are from the same finger or palm. The flexibility of friction ridge skin means that no

two finger or palm prints are ever exactly alike (never identical in every detail), even two

impressions recorded immediately after each other. Fingerprint identification (also referred to as

individualization) occurs when an expert (or an expert computer system operating under

threshold scoring rules) determines that two friction ridge impressions originated from the same

finger or palm (or toe, sole) to the exclusion of all others.

A known print is the intentional recording of the friction ridges, usually with black printers ink

rolled across a contrasting white background, typically a white card. Friction ridges can also be

recorded digitally using a technique called Live-Scan. A latent print is the chance reproduction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Papillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccrine_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_thresholdinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_thresholdinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccrine_glandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrationhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Papillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermis_(skin)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger

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of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item. Latent prints are often fragmentary and

may require chemical methods, powder, or alternative light sources in order to be visualized.

When friction ridges come in contact with a surface that is receptive to a print, material on the

ridges, such as perspiration, oil, grease, ink, etc. can be transferred to the item. The factors which

affect friction ridge impressions are numerous, thereby requiring examiners to undergo extensive

and objective study in order to be trained to competency. Pliability of the skin, deposition

pressure, slippage, the matrix, the surface, and the development medium are just some of the

various factors which can cause a latent print to appear differently from the known recording of

the same friction ridges. Indeed, the conditions of friction ridge deposition are unique and never

duplicated. This is another reason why extensive and objective study is necessary for examiners

to achieve competency.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)

In this whole world, everything becomes electronic. The people want to do much

work in very less time and gets results very fast. The fast work and results are not

done by manually. So the technology making everything electronic for example

computers, machines and other automatic products which make the life very

enjoy full and easy.

In this project, we try to make the polling very easy and quick resulting. There

are four switches for four parties and one switch is resulting switch which displays

the results on the LCD screen at the end of the voting.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_powderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspirationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspirationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_powder

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WORKING

This project is use for security of polling and also prevention from the fake votes. This

project can be use for college and other voting. It gives the results very fast.

Firstly, I introduced you with the parts or modules of the project. It is listed

below:-

1. Power Supply2. MCU(Microcontroller unit)3. LCD(Liquid crystal display)4. Switches5. Buzzer6. Thumb scanner

Power supply is used to gives the 5v supply to MCU modules. In Power Supply we

use a step-down transformer to Step- down the AC 220v to 12v AC. The bridge

rectifier is use to convert AC into DC .But the output of bridge rectifier is not pure

dc .To filtered the output of bridge rectifier uses electrolytic capacitor. Capacitors

output is send to regulator which regulated the output 5V.

The 5v supply output of power supply has two terminals which are connected to

microcontroller module. One is VCC (5v) and other is GROUND (0v).These are

connected to 40 pin and 20 pin of microcontroller respectively. It powers up these

all modules.There are many types of MCU. But we are using the AT89C52 in this

project.AT89C52 has 128 bytes of RAM and 8k ROM which is very sufficient for

programming. MCU is active-low. It has four ports; each has eight pins it means

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32 pins are use as Input output pins. LCD has 16 pins which are perform different

tasks. Pins numbers 1,3,16 are ground, 2, 15 are VCC, 4, 5, 6 are selection pins and

7 to 14 are data pins which receives and transmits the data. LCD has 2 row and 16

columns. It means 2*16 = 32 characters can be write on the LCD at a time. There

are also use the switches for voting of different party and gets the result. Switch

has the two pins one is connected with ground and other with microcontroller

ports pin. Buzzer is also use for indication of voting. It is beep when person press

the any party switch.

In this project, power supply gives the power all parts of project. The

MCU starts taking action according to the code of programming. LCD displays the

message for select the party for vote. When candidate press the switch for voting

then switch sends the zero to MCU and according to codes it store the data and

starts counts the votes of every party. Buzzer starts beeping after every vote. At

end, the result switch is press to see the result of voting, in same way it sends the

zero to microcontroller and it displays the result on the screen which party won

the election.

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MCU UNIT

MENU CONTROL

SWITCH

POWER SUPPLY

VOTING PAD

S1 S2 S3 S

LCD

BUZZERTHUMB SCANNER