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Three Technolob Gbe a Gam
Bill HoH.W. (Bill) Hoffman
512‐29billhoffmantx@
ogies that Could Chme Changer
offmann & Associates, LLC
Technologies thgreal diff
On-Site Sources of Water W tWater
The Cooling Tower Conunways to be both energy an
The DIPPER WELL. Finallyy
hat can make a ferenceSave Both Energy and
ndrum – Are there other nd water efficient
y something new!y g
Wh i d i iWhat is driving hi i i ? this innovation?
World PopulationpAnd All Need Water!And All Need Water!Population over Human HistoryPopulation over Human History
World Population since 1750
8
9
10
6
7
ns3
4
5
Bill
io
0
1
2
01750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 205
Year
Even in Chicago, thDouble WaDouble Wa
he Mayor Wants to ater Rates!ater Rates!
Cost to Flush aCost to Flush a Inflation Ra
Gallons per Cents perpFlush
pin 201
5 4.93 5 3 43.5 3.41.6 1.61.28 1.2
Toilet at CurrenToilet at Currenate of 5.85%r Flush Cents per Flu14
pin 2034
15.410 810.84.94.0
On-SiteOn Site More than G
and Rai
SourcesSources Gray Water yn Water
Estimated IndEstimated Ind(Hof
Current best
Current Code
US Average
Pre - 1970's
0 10 20 30 4Gallons p
door Home Usedoor Home Useffman, 2010)
BlackGrayGrayLeaks
40 50 60 70 80 90per Person per Day
Diagram of NDiagram of NNexus SystemNexus System
On‐Site Reuse athe Next
• Ra• StAi• Ai
• Sw• Co• Co• RO• GrGr• On• Fo• Ot
and Sources are Big Pushainwater harvestingtorm water harvestingi di i dir conditioner condensatewimming pool filter backwashooling tower blowdownooling tower blowdownO & NF reject waterray waterray watern‐site wastewater systemsoundation drain waterthers??????
Ne
To
ThisThiscollwatwatwatwatwatflusmakmak
Cook+Fox Architect
ew Bank of America
ower in Manhattan
s LEED Platinum projects LEED Platinum project ects rainwater, gray‐ter foundation drainter foundation drain ter and A/C condensate ter for reuse in toiletter for reuse in toilet shing and cooling tower keupkeup.
Examples of UrbanSolaire, Battery Park NYC
65% Reduction in Potable Water 6
Dock Side Green – Victoria Canada65% Reduction in Potable Water
n On‐Site Reuse
60% of non‐potable water demand in Tokyo is met by recycled water
SewerSewer Source: Chris A
MiningMiningAllen –GE Water
Guidingg Forces
Publications to be awarPublications to be awarre ofre of
Cooling Cooling h fThe purpose of a coo
ridrid
unwantedunwanted
Towers Towersloling tower is to get
d ofd of
d energy!d energy!
Summary of Audits of 30 LaC li T i D
90%
100%
Cooling Towers in DowWater Man
70%
80%
90%
50%
60%
70%
30%
40%
10%
20%
0%Courthouse Hotel Universi
rge Down Town Facilities with t F t W th Twntown Fort Worth Texas
nagement , Inc.
OtherIrrigationDomesticCooling
ity Offices Hospital
Manhhattan
Make Up, BlowdownCycles of Coy
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5Cycles of
and Evaporation vs.oncentration
5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5f Concentration
National Average(Energy Informatio
12
13(Energy Informatio
10
11
8
9
6
7
4
5
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Residential Commercial
Electricity Prices on Administration)on Administration)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Industrial Transportation
Savings With Cooling ToSavings With Cooling To
Energy 0.3 to 0.4 kW0.3 to 0.4 kW
lEqual to
3 0 to 43.0 to 4in most m
owerower
isavings Wh/Ton‐HrWh/Ton Hr
bo about
0 centscents.0 centscentsmarkets
Cents p(With & With
12131415161718
ts per KWH
891011Ce
nt
Projected Electric Power
2011 Dollars
3 0
4.0
5.0
6.0
j
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
2010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420
TWH per Year
per KWH hout Inflation)
Generation & Capacity
With Inflation 2%
p y
025202620272028202920302031203220332034203520362037203820392040025202620272028202920302031203220332034203520362037203820392040
Gigawatts of Capacity
ther Water Associated Cther Water Associated C
Cost Factor
At 2.0 gal./Ton-hour lo
Water Treatment (Chemical and other)
Labor & Other
TOTAL
Cost of Tower OperationCost of Tower Operation
Cents per Ton Hour
owest Median Highest
0.1 0.2 0.9
0 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.3 1.0
Cost to Flush aCost to Flush a Inflation Ra
Gallons per Cents perpFlush
pin 201
5 4.93 5 3 43.5 3.41.6 1.61.28 1.2
Toilet at CurrenToilet at Currenate of 5.85%r Flush Cents per Flu14
pin 2034
15.410 810.84.94.0
Cooling Tower Ener
7
Cost per
5
6
Hou
r
3
4
er T
on
1
2
3
Cen
ts p
0
1
2014
C
2014Year
rgy and Water/Sewer Ton Hour
Elec. Savings
Wate/Sewer Cost With Sewer Credi
2034Water/Sewer - NoSewer Credit
2034
Water Use by 750 ToWater Use by 750 To
Water use on peak day at 2.5 gallo
33 75033,750 gallons
Water use annually at 2.5 gallons py g p3,285,000 gallons
on Systemon System
ons per ton hour & 75% capacity=
per ton hour & 20% capacity= p p y
Energy ReC d d SCanada and S
covery in S it l dSwitzerland
GeothermaSource) He
al (Ground (eat Pumps
Dehumidificationloads from venloads from ven
L.G. III Harriman, D. PlaEnergy Engineering 06/
n and cooling ntilation airntilation airager, D. Kosar/1999; 96(6).
YE OLD DIPPEWAY BAC
6 Million Gallons of Water Down
ER WELL FORM CK WHEN?
the Drain Everyday‐Starbucks
A Recent Study by UniversA Recent Study by Univershttp://www.reviewjournal.com/news/unlv
sity of Nevada – Las Vegassity of Nevada Las Vegasv‐professor‐targets‐wasteful‐dipper‐wells
Cost per Day for Conventional Dipper Well OpCosts or $9.48 Per
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7Flow Rate -
8 hours per day 16 hour
peration at National Average Water and Sewer r Thousand Gallons
0.8 1.0 1.5 2Gallons per Minute
rs per day 24 hours per day
UTENSIL HOLCONSERVEW
LDERELL™
LolsbLolsbbergberg
RinseRinse
Water consumption is estimated at
ewellewell
0.226 gallons per 10 second cycle
Th ChThe Cheapesill Ever Have
You AlreaYou Alrea
t W t Yst Water Youe Is The Watady Have!ady Have!
INNOVINNOVVATE!VATE!
