Annotated Bibliography

Martin Pupiš, Ivan Cillík.2008.The influenc of intermittent hypoxic training on the body of an endurece athlete,MatejbelUniversituinBanskaBystrica,SlovakRepublic. PhysicalEducationandSport2008, 6(1):11-20.

The paper compare this research with other researches like the one performanced by Katayama in 2003, Hamlin and Hellemans in 2004, Stulrsjter in 2001, Rodriguez in 2000, Kobela 2007, Meeuwes in 2001 and many others. In order to start the research Pupiš and Cillík evaluete a 28-year-old man that is an elite race walker athlete. The athlete was submitted to 21 days of intermittent hypoxic training with three days without hypoxia for 90 minutes. He was evaluated based on the spiroergometry test, sport performance test and blood test. During the research the athlete was showing positives results increasing his working capacity. Finally, they concluded that the outcomes of the experiment were similar to those of Štulrajter in 2001 and Kobela in 2007. The research finished with an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit negligible, repletion and rejuvenation of blood cells and maximum performance. The paper ends with a recommendation of inhaling air with a 7-14% of oxygen concentration (75-85% blood saturation) being in intermittent hypoxic training during 90 minutes. I found these results from this research trustable, due to I have personally experimented those benefits.

Wilber RL.2011. Application of altitude/hypoxic training by elite athletes, Colorado Springs, CO, USA. Journal of HumanSport & Exercise ISSN 1988-5202, 6(2):1-10.

This paper exposes how elite athletes use the altitude/hypoxic training to increase their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) and performance due to cardiovascular adaptation. It explains the different concepts in hypoxic training such as, living high-training high, living low-training high, living high-training low. Some of

these methods are via natural/terrestrial altitude, via nitrogen dilution, via oxygen filtration, intermittent hypoxic exposure and intermittent hypoxic training. Altitude/hypoxic training is being evaluated by WADA, to determine if the use of this method is illegal.

Martine , ., anchis, ., ascimento, ., Pallardo, ., Iban e , S., Gonzalez, G., Calbet, J., Gomez- Cabrera, M., in a, J.2011.Living at high altitude in combination with sea-level sprint training increases hematological parameters but does not improve performance in rats. Springle [Internet; 2012 Oct 25]. 111:1147-1156.

This paper presents a study with Wistar rats exposed to the living high and sprint interval train protocols to prove that the combination of sea-level sprint training increases hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythropoietin levels, but does not improve performance in their rats. The study also examined whether or not implementing hypoxic to the training resulted in an adaptation in skeletal muscle and an improvement in performance. After submitting the groups of rats to normoxic or hypoxic training for 21 days, they found improvements in the maximal aerobic velocity for the normoxic and hypoxic group and increase in the hemoglobin levels in the hypoxic group. Furthermore, the skeletal muscle experienced an increase of mitochondrial content. Finally, the combination of living high and training low results in a hematological adaptation, but does not result in an improvement in the performance of the rats. This article contradicts the findings of other studies because it shows no improvements in performance when combining high with low altitudes while other papers present an increase in performance or maximal aerobic velocity with this combination.