Thorn Lighting Guide

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Hospitals and Healthcare


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Hospitals and Healthcare

Hospitals and healthcare buildings are complexbecause of the diverse activities that take placewithin and around them. A modern hospital

must combine its functional and technologicalrequirements with the need for a caring, humanenvironment. This brochure is a general guideto hospital lighting design and features lightingsolutions not only for wards and clinical areas,but also offers an introduction to the wide rangeof lighting products suitable for all applications

in a modern hospital development.

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Energy efficiency

Lighting accounts for a significant part of anyhospitals energy use. Yet use of co-ordinateddesign that reflects what will actually be builtcan lead to a substantial reduction.

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Performance:The luminaires achieve evenlighting with good colour

rendering, creatinga bright, sae environmentor the patients and sta.The patients apartments havespecial unctionality and saetyrequirements. For instancebuilt-in LED wall lights atskirting board level unctionas nightlights.

Efficiency:To maximise lighting energyeiciency the architect hasoptimised the use o availabledaylight. The living area is

landscaped into the hospitalgrounds ensuring that thereare green views rom all the48 single rooms. All linearluorescent luminaires employedin the corridors, oices,treatment rooms and centralarea use advanced optics withT16 lamps to achieve lowenergy. The LED lights consumeeven less power and have along operational lie ideal orthe long burning hours.A lighting.

Comfort:For architectural integration thearchitect chose oblong ittings

or the whole upper loor, whichis characterised by numerouscorridors in various directions.These provide direction andollow the buildings movements.They are also adapted orexterior use - standing upright,they unction as a unique crossbetween park lighting and lowbollards and make a stronglink between the internal andexternal environments. Onthe lower loor, classic glassittings are used to ocus on thedirectionless and openness o

the large rooms. The discreetLEDs help the patients eelsecure. Overall, the lightingechoes the eorts o thearchitecture to create a modern,unctional hospital that radiatesanything but a sterile hospitalatmosphere

Performance, Efficiency, Comfort (PEC)All Thorn products are designed to adhere to three core values:perormance, eiciency and comort. This is the PEC programme,which delivers quality in a lighting installation.

A major source o energyconsumption in any hospitalis lighting. It can accountor 40% o total electricityconsumption. Whilst manyspaces make up this load itis oten the circulation spacesthat constantly use energy,oten 24 hours a day.

Oten lighting designers areasked to plan or suracenishes that do not matchwhat the interior designerwill use when a buildingis complete - the amous70/50/20 rule or ceiling ,wall and foor refectance isoten applied.

But oten in health carebuildings lighter suraces areused. At one recent hospitalthe proposed suraces werecloser to 81% or the ceiling,83% or the walls and 58%ro the foor.Picking this up at designstage with the architect andelectrical consultant ourlighting designer proposed asaving o 28% installed load,in excess o 6kW just or thecorridors and a urther savingo 50% or all the en suitesand w/cs, saving one lampper tting and a urther 34kWelectrical load.The cost to the project wassimply three people or onehour, perhaps just over 100.


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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0 300200100 400 500 600 700 800

16p/KWh

Key

14p/KWh

11p/KWh

9p/KWh

7p/KWh

Energy Savings based on possible energy price rises

Number of rooms

Energ

y

Saving

(/year)

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2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

1 Fitting, 2x32WTC-TELI, 70/50/20Reflectances

1 Fitting, 1x32WTC-TELI, 81/83/58Reflectances

Ensuite/wc Annual Energy Costs (9p/kWh)

Number of Rooms

Energy

Cost(/year)

Key

Our design savingexample is shown herebased on saving one32W lamp per ttingover a number o rooms.In our original hospitaldesign that was basedon 900 rooms. Thecomparative ttingswere a twin 32WTC-TELI downlight using68W when 70/50/20refectances werequoted, versus a single32W TC-TELI downlightwhen true 81/83/58refectances werequoted. Usage is basedon 3200 hours per year.

Typical ensuite & w/cenergy savings convertedto nancial savingsassuming typical pricesorecast or the nextdecade. This comparisonshows how much theenergy cost saving or anumber o rooms will varyas base energy pricesfuctuate in the coming

years. DEFRA predict risesin Retail Electricity pricesor commercial uses obetween 3% and 200%.Retail prices between

Quarter 1 in 2008 and2009 rose by 22.7% inreal terms.

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Guidelines for hospital lighting

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But o course, its not just a matter o supplying you with the products;well beore that happens its essential that you get the best possibleadvice on how to use them to your best advantage. Thats where theseguidelines come in, as does our lighting design and advisory service.

This brochure illustrates a wide variety ofThorn lighting products in a wide varietyof hospital and healthcare settings.

Reflecting the Needs of the User

Lighting has a vital role to play in enhancing our environment.Without it, even the most careully designed setting will be diminished.So, what should the healthcare speciier be looking or whenchoosing lighting?

Firstly, beore embarking on lighting design, applications or equipment,they should pay due consideration to the way that healthcare riskis managed. Invariably this will necessitate that the selected lightingsupplier is well versed in modern procurement practices and canwork in a collaborative supply chain environment. Thorn has a worldo experience working within such partnering rameworks. Theprocess begins with consultation: our team o specialists work in closeco-operation with architects, speciiers or hospital management to helpdevelop best value or money proposals, taking into account inancialconstraints and whole lie costings.

Understanding the technical, clinical and human needs o varioushealthcare applications is a major consideration. Increasingly, itnessor a particular purpose is becoming the ultimate arbiter o goodlighting, with quality rather than quantity being the order o the day.Lighting that is appropriate to a variety o healthcare users can onlybe selected rom a comprehensive and innovative range o equipment.Service rom an organisation with the capability to successullyresource and manage your project will also inluence the choice.

Through lie costing is another key ingredient. The latest technology,coupled with eicient design, will do much to strike the balancebetween capital and running costs over time. Thorn Cocal sotwarecan calculate the cost o an interior healthcare lighting installationthrough its lie by evaluating installation, operating, cleaning andreplacement lamp costs, including labour ees. The best maintenance

method and schedule can be selected to minimise costs. Comparisonscan be made between up to seven interior lighting products to indone with the lowest overall costs as always, its value or money thatthe client is seeking. These can be reined by assessing eectiveannual interest rates or the project over a period rom 3 to 30 years,with luminaire replacement at regular intervals. Finally, the applicationcan incorporate the eect o lighting controls on reducing energy useand estimate CO

2emissions.

Thorn Lightings aim is to bring ever greater beneits to the end user.This attitude o adding value continues into environmental integrity rom developing energy eicient products to providing productlie cycle analysis and working with your organisation on wastemanagement initiatives.


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Luminaire RequirementsIn hospitals luminaires have to meet high standards o hygiene andsaety. In particular the luminaires should have the minimum horizontal

top area on which dust may settle, because airborne dust particlescan transport harmul bacteria, and be easy to clean. Noise is also animportant consideration as hospitals can have a much lower ambientnoise level than commercial premises and the bedhead lighting maybe close to the patient. Fluorescent lamp luminaires should, thereore,employ high requency electronic control gear. The eiciency o alighting system will be drastically reduced i there is no maintenanceor cleaning programme. All healthcare properties should have lightingmaintenance programmes involving regular cleaning o luminairesand replacement o lamps.

Light SourcesAll rooms located in clinical areas should have luorescent lampshaving a minimum clinical quality colour rendering property accordingto Group 1B (Ra90) or better. Indeed BS EN 12464-1 recommends

that lamps with a colour rendering index lower than 80 should not beused in interiors where people work or stay or long periods.

Colour temperature should be 4000K unless it is speciied or speciicapplications. It is recommended that consistent colour rendering beprovided throughout the whole area, department or hospital complex.

Daylight Penetration and Window DesignTo maximise the beneicial eects to patients and sta and tomaximise lighting energy eiciency the designer should optimise theuse o available natural daylight paying particular attention to windowdesign, whilst avoiding overheating and solar glare. In order to beneitully rom daylight the lighting system should be controlled accordingly.


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120

75

45

5

175

5%

5%

5%

5%

15%

15%

75%

75%

180

0

Upwards flux distribution component

Downwards flux distribution component

145

For wall mountedluminaires installedless than 1.8m abovefloor level, a limitingluminance value of700 cd/m2 (maximum)between the anglesof 90 and 145 mustbe achieved

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Guidelines for hospital lighting continued

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General RecommendationsCIBSE Lighting Guide 2 (LG2): Hospitals and health care buildings,published in 2009, is the most up-to-date document or lightinghospitals and healthcare buildings and is endorsed as best practiceby The Department o Health. Lighting Guide 2 ollows closely therecommendations o the European Standard or lighting o indoorworkplaces, BS EN 12464-1, published as a British Standard inearly 2003, which contains a sizeable schedule o illuminance andrecommendations related to hospitals and healthcare buildings. Thisschedule also appears in the Code or Lighting 2002 and, the keyrequirements, on page 9 o this brochure. For projects covered by thePublic Procurement Directive, which includes PFI projects, EuropeanStandards must be ollowed irst, then local guidance can be appliedwhere it does not conlict with European Norms. Thereore or suchprojects the schedule in BS EN 12464-1 (and the Code or Lighting2002) should be acted upon. Other requirements o the EuropeanStandard should also be ollowed. For aspects o lighting not coveredby the European Standard the guidance in LG2 should be ollowed.I LG2 gives more detailed recommendations than the EuropeanStandard, it may be appropriate to interpret the guidance in thestandard making use o the recommendations in LG2.For projects notcovered by the Public Procurement Directive it is normally regarded asbest practice to ollow the prevailing British and European Standards.

Bedded AreasAs already mentioned, albeit briely, LG2 2009 clariies certainissues relating to ward lighting. These are without lining in moredetail. Bedded areas with a loor to ceiling height o 2.7m to 3m

can pose particular problems or lighting designers, particularlywhen privacy curtains are drawn around individual beds. As modernmedical practice oten requires examinations to be carried out withthe bed curtains drawn, the lighting philosophy employed has alteredaccordingly. The issue with low ceilings is to provide enough lightto satisy the medical sta while not disturbing the patient i they aretrying to restor sleep. Trials have been carried out in a number ohospitals with ceiling heights o 2.7m to 3m in the bedded areas andhave indicated a number o solutions, or instance ceiling recessedluminaires or luminaires that are separately wall mounted or integralwith bedhead trunking (which also supplies medical gas and otherservices). The recommended mounting height or such trunking systemsis 1.3m or gas supplies, whereas the recommended mounting heightor wall mounted luminaires was 1.8 m. Uplighting which is integralwith, or mounted on wall trunking, needs careul optical control to

avoid glare (see ig 1 below).

Whatever, the setting, you can rely on latest ideasin lighting to keep things on the move.

This our bed ward, or a recent PFI project, shows wall mounted luminaires providing ambient

upward lighting (rom 2 x 28W T5 lamps) and direct lighting (1 x 54W dimmable T5) or the

patient and sta at the bed. The luminaires are mounted at 1.8m to avoid strong shadows

at the bed head and better graduation o illuminance over the length o the bed. Illuminance

ranges between 450 lux and 280 lux respectively. Switching is via the ward entrance and

nurses station. Night lights are provided by discrete ceiling mounted ittings.

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Table 5.7: Health care premises adapted from EN12464-1

Ref. no. Type of interior, task or activity Em UGRL Uo Ra Remarks

7.1 Rooms or general useAll illuminances at foor level.7.1.1 Waiting rooms 200 22 0,4 807.1.2 Corridors: during the day 200 22 0,6 807.1.3 Corridors: during the night 50 22 0,4 807.1.4 Day rooms 200 22 0.6 807.1.5 Elevators, lits 100

7.1 Rooms for general use7.1.1 Waiting rooms 200 22 0,4 807.1.2 Corridors: during the day, cleaning 100 22 0,4 807.1.3 Corridors: during the night 50 22 0,4 80 Illuminance at foor level

Multi-purpose corridors 200 22 0,6 80 Illuminance at task/activity level7.1.4 Day rooms 200 22 0.6 807.1.5 Elevators, l its 100

7.2 Staff rooms7.2.1 Sta oce 500 19 0.6 807.2.2 Sta rooms 300 19 0.6 80

7.3 Wards, maternity wardsPrevent too high luminances in the patients eld o vision.7.3.1 General lighting 100 19 0.4 80 Illuminance at foor level.7.3.2 Reading lighting 300 19 0.7 807.3.3 Simple examinations 300 19 0.6 807.3.4 Examination and treatment 1000 19 0.7 907.3.5 Night lighting, observation lighting 5 - - 807.3.6 Bathrooms and toilets or patients 200 22 0.4 80

7.4 Examination rooms (general)7.4.1 General lighting 500 19 0.6 907.4.2 Examination and treatment 1000 19 0.7 90

7.5 Eye examination rooms7.5.1 General lighting 300 19 0.6 807.5.2 Examination o the outer eye 1000 - - 90

7.5.3 Reading and colour vision tests with vision charts 500 16 0.7 90

7.6 Ear examination rooms7.6.1 General lighting 300 19 0.6 807.6.2 Ear examination 1000 - - 90

7.7 Scanner rooms7.7.1 General lighting 300 19 0.6 807.7.2 Scanners with image enhancers and television systems 50 19 - 80

7.8 Delivery rooms7.8.1 General lighting 300 19 0.6 807.8.2 Examination and treatment 1000 19 0.7 80

7.9 Treatment rooms (general)7.9.1 Dialysis 500 19 0.6 80 Lighting should be controllable.7.9.2 Dermatology 500 19 0.6 907.9.3 Endoscopy rooms 300 19 0.6 807.9.4 Plaster rooms 500 19 0.6 807.9.5 Medical baths 300 19 0.6 807.9.6 Massage and radiotherapy 300 19 0.6 80

7.10 Operating areas7.10.1 Pre-op and recovery rooms 500 19 0.6 907.10.2 Operating theatre 1000 19 0.6 907.10.3 Operating cavity - Em: 10 000 to 100 000 lx.

7.11 Intensive care unit7.11.1 General lighting 100 19 0.6 90 At foor level.7.11.2 Simple examinations 300 19 0.6 90 At bed level.7.11.3 Examination and treatment 1000 19 0.7 90 At bed level.7.11.4 Night watch 20 19 90

7.12 Dentists7.12.1 General lighting 500 19 0.6 90 Lighting should be glare ree or the patient.7.12.2 At the patient 1000 - 0.7 907.12.3 Operating cavity 5000 - - 90 Values higher than 5000 lx may be required.7.12.4 White teeth matching 5000 - 0.7 90 CCT 6000 K.

7.13 Laboratories and pharmacies7.13.1 General lighting 500 19 0.6 807.13.2 Colour inspection 1000 19 0.7 90 CCT 6000 K.

7.14 Decontamination rooms7.14.1 Sterilisation rooms 300 22 0.6 807.14.2 Disinection rooms 300 22 0.6 80

7.15 Autopsy rooms and mortuaries7.15.1 General lighting 500 19 0.6 907.15.2 Autopsy table and dissecting table 5000 - - 90 Values higher than 5000 lx may be required.


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Guidelines for hospital lighting continued

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Separate wall mounted uplights, requently installed where the ceilingheight does not exceed 3m should be at a minimum mounting height o1.8 m. They may require supplementary ceiling mounted luminaires toenhance the light at loor level in the centre o the ward or circulationand nursing unctions.

A selection o the most popular lighting layouts is illustrated hereusing visualisations (see Figure 2). LG2 makes recommendationsor luminance limits as seen by a patient lying in bed. The ceilingheight or suspended luminaires should not be less than 3m to ensureadequate clearance or mobile apparatus used at the bedside. Themounting height above the loor should not be less than 2.7m norgreater than 3.5m.

Ceiling mounted luminairesThe ceiling height may be 3m or less. In areas with ceiling heightsbetween 2.4m and 2.7m, it is possible to provide the recommendedilluminance at the bedhead only by using ceiling mounted luminaires.

Wall mounted luminairesModern lighting systems comply with the general recommendationsusing only semi-direct wall mounted luminaires with luorescent lamps.

Recessed and semi-recessed luminairesRecessed and semi-recessed luminaires may be used in ceilingsbetween 2.4m and 3m high. I these luminaires will not provide theilluminance required at the bedhead a dual system is required.

Dual systemsFor dual systems in which supplementary lighting along the side walls othe bedded area is used, ceiling mounted luminaires may still be suitable.

Night lightsShiting patterns o light and shade on the ceiling can trigger thesubconscious and cause some patients to experience phantasmagoriaand the design should avoid directly illuminating the ceiling at night. Toallow sta and patients to move around saely when the main lighting isswitched o at night, it is necessary to make provision or night lighting.Where uplighters are used it will normally be necessary to provideor night lighting by separate luminaires (probably downlighters). Theluminance o any luminaire let on during the night should not exceed30 cd/m2 at angles o above 35 degrees rom the downward vertical.Where the ward layout is ixed it would be practical to consider this limitto be at angles viewable by the patient. To allow patients to sleep theilluminance or the circulation space should be an average o 5 lux with

a maximum 10 lux at any point. The illuminance on the bedhead shouldnot exceed 0.1 lux, higher levels will be appropriate or watch lightingand or speciic patient needs

Watch lightingThis allows continuous observation o a particular patient ater thegeneral lighting has been switched o, without the disturbance whichwould be caused by the patients reading light.

Reading lightsThe provision o separate reading lights is nowadays reduced to long-stay wards and/or or the elderly since; hospital beds are used moreintensively, ew patients stay or long periods and generally TV isavailable. The patients reading light is required to give 30 lux directlyon a 1m by 1m area based around the pillow area and can also be

used by sta or nursing tasks at the bedhead.

Figure 2.1 Suspended luminaires

700cd/m2max

Figure 2.2 Ceiling mounted luminaires

Figure 2.3 Wall mounted luminaires

Figure 2.4 Recessed and semi-recessed luminaires

Figure 2.5 Dual systems

700cd/m2max


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Basic Lighting ControlsThe recommended illuminances given in this guide relect acceptedpolicy on the eicient use o energy. It should be remembered that theBuilding Regulations call or lighting systems with appropriate lampsand suicient controls so that energy can be used eiciently and alsothat compliance needs to be shown.

Lighting control systems deliver the best results when they have beencareully planned and thoughtully implemented, with the most eectivestrategys being dependent upon the users pattern o occupancy,the arrangement o equipment and the availability o daylight. A goodlighting control system should ensure that all occupants have exactlythe lighting they want when they need it. In short it should eliminate

all unwanted use, but not switch o lights so compromising saety.Neither should it be complicated to set-up or diicult to use. Nor shouldit ever devalue the quality, sensitivity and aesthetics o a good lightingdesign, but should serve to enhance it. As long as it is correctlymatched to the needs o the occupants and the use o the buildingit will produce the desired savings.

Four types o control sub-systems are detailed here. Frequently acombination is used, dependent on the application.

Daylight-linkedDaylight linking results rom simple photoelectric on/o switching ordimming. Recent technical progress in digital enabled luminaires hasgreatly increased the impact o dimming or luorescent lighting. Forinstance light alling on the working plane is constantly monitored and

the light output o the luminaire is adjusted according to daylight, tomaintain this design illumination. Additionally, numerous groups oluminaires can now be linked without the need or a central controlleror special operating sotware.

Occupancy-linkedPresence detection is usually achieved using passive inra-red sensorswhich switch either one or a group o luminaires on when occupancyis detected and o ater the last movement is detected. They can berecessed, surace mounted or built into luminaires. For larger areasmicrowave detectors can be used to the same eect. It is important tohave a time delay built into the system to avoid nuisance switching.

Localised Switching

Localised manual switching is helpul in areas where occupantswant the choice o switching lights above their workstations ONor OFF. Equipment includes wall switches, pull cords or hand heldinra-red controllers.

Timed ControlTime controls may be derived rom a variety o devices ranging romthe simple timer to signals being transmitted along a communicationschannel rom central timers or systems.


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Products

To obtain the full benefits from your healthcarebuilding installation it is important to select theright equipment for your needs.

IndiQuattro

Fully recessed luorescent direct/

indirect luminaire providing wellbalanced lighting or healthcare ina rooms with a suspended ceiling.

Cruz

Stylish, versatile downlight

range with excellent lightingtechnique and simple,high-speed installation

Menlosoft SR

A recessed luminaire with a

slim suspended optic whichblends upward and downwardlight or a simple, attractivesolution to perectly balancedhealthcare lighting.

Civic II

The essentials o good roadlighting - high perormance anddurability - never change. But ina world where energy eiciencyand the conservation o naturalresources are also important,Civic stands alone, integratingsustainability and energy savingswith quick and easy installationand operation.

Diffusalux

High perormance suraceluorescent luminaire or generalpurpose and ward applications

Efact LED

A range o small, recessed LEDluminaires or coloured and whitelighting applications.

Dyana

Breaks new ground in urbanlighting design. It combineshigh perormance, energyeiciency and versatility witheasy maintenance

Arrowslim T5

Arrowslim has evolved to oer aT16 (T5) version with an enhancedaesthetic appearance and many

new additions to the range

Areaflood

(6-12m)

This lat glass loodlight oersextensive lamp options (MH, HPS),optimised beam angles, high lightoutput ratio (LOR) or low energyusage and an IP66 seal


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Glacier II

An ultra-modern, decorative

pendant with advanced direct/indirect optics. Available in twosizes, with a wide choice orelectors and lamp types. Glacier IIguarantees perormance, eiciencyand comort in all applications.

Voyager Sigma

Voyager Sigma enables designers

to satisy International saetystandards while using the latestLED technology or economicaloperation and low maintenance.Also available with standard 8WT16 luorescent lamps.

Cesar

Cesars simple, cylindrical style,available in our sizes, oers achoice o adjustable light sources

and superior highlighting

Promenade

Elegant bollard providing lightand colour in urban areasincluding LED options.

Invincible

A range o IP65 recessedluorescent luminaires ormaximum protection whenused in healthcare cleanroomapplications

Voyager LED

A superbly eicient lighting

solution or open spacesand escape routes requiringemergency lighting. Minimalbattery quantity coupled withlatest NIMH technology removesbattery memory problems andimpacts less on the environment.

Jupiter II

Compact, stylish and eicient

T16 (T5) direct/indirect lightingin a range o versions orcontemporary healthcare spaces.

Danube

Stylish low proile luminairewith lat ront diuser and boldlared sides or wall or ceilingmounting. Optional bezels extendapplication possibilities

SensaLink Digital

SensaLink Digital provides asimple lighting managementsystem without the need or acentral controller or specialoperating sotware.

ImpactForce

A high perormance impactresistant, IP65 prooluorescent range.


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The following pages offersome guidance on lightingparticular health care spacesand what sort of luminairesmay be useful for each.To help a typical hospital

building has been split intoseven key areas:-

Basics of hospital and healthcare lighting

7

ExteriorsCar Park

Outdoor Amenity

6

Restaurants/Kitchens

Downlights/luorescentbattens/cold storage

5

Ancillary Areas

Offices/ConferenceRooms

Recessed luorescent/Intelligent luminaires/

Uplights

Storage andMaintenance

Waterproo, dustprooand cleanroom luminaires 1

Entrance andWaiting Areas

Reception AreaSuspended systems/

Downlights

Accident/Emergency/Consulting RoomsRecessed and suraceluorescent/Downlights


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4

Wards and Bedrooms

Wards

Bedhead luminaires/Uplights/Reading Lights/

Low Level Lighting

Bedrooms

Bedhead and bathroom

luminaires/Low LevelLighting

2

Circulation AreasCorridors and Stairs

Indoor amenity/EmergencyLighting

3

Operating Theatres

and Clean Rooms

Intensive Care/Operating TheatreBedhead consoles/

Cleanroom luminaires


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Entrance and Waiting Areas

At entrances and in waitingareas, light has an important roleto play in creating a welcomingand friendly atmosphere.

At the same time entrances and in waiting areas need to conveyan air o brisk eiciency and saety. Lobbies and transition spacesmust put the patient and the visitor instantly at their ease. Pay specialattention to grading the illuminances and relectances o successivespaces, so that important spaces eel welcoming.

The lighting o an entrancecanopy should draw attention toits location. Such lighting should

be suitable or recognising aace and should illuminate anychanges in level.

Internally mark doorways andother crossings, illuminatereception desks, notice-boardsand provide adequate readinglighting or seating areas.

In certain locations the use omore architectural decorativeluminaires can be employed thatdo not compromise the lightingrequirements. This is particularlyso in residential homes and or

that matter non clinical areasin hospitals. Versions with highrequency control gear, whenluorescent lamps are used, arepreerable to reduce noise, andlicker and lamps o warm colourappearance can be employedor a welcoming eect. Finally,in waiting areas, luminaires thatare easy to keep clean are anasset in the ight against hospitalacquired inection.

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Glacier IICruzCesar Plazora Planor

See page 1213 for full description

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Circulation Areas

Lighting for general circulation around hospitalsand clinics, requires attention to be paid firstly tothe adequate illumination of direction signs.

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The lighting or general circulation around hospitals and clinics, otenthrough a maze o corridors and stairs, requires attention to be paidirstly to the adequate illumination o direction signs and secondly tothe provision o general lighting.

Provision must be made in all public areas or emergency lighting.Escape route lighting is usually necessary in all corridors, circulationareas and stairs.

Continuous lines o luminairespositioned to one side oa corridor are preerred toluminaires centrally mounted.Transversely mounted luminaires

should not be used in anycorridor where recumbent patientsare likely to be conveyed ontrolleys, as the visual disturbanceof moving under alternating highand low brightness is undesirable.The ar end o the corridorshould be well lit and changes odirection should be highlighted toemphasise the route change.

Care is needed in the selectiono lighting controls. Generally,the lighting at all critical pointsshould be on at all times.Maintained lighting o low

illuminance should be providedduring the night time and in theearly hours o the morning, andbe supplemented by manuallycontrolled ull lighting.

It is important to adequately lightstairs, since there is the possibilityo serious injury i someone alls.There should be a low o lightrom the top to the bottom o thestairs, with the top and bottomsteps clearly lit, thus indicatingwhere the stairs begin and end.Any bends and changes in step

size should also be revealed.

It should not be possible to seeinside an unshielded uplight romthe top o a staircase and noluminaire should protrude beyondthe width o the handrail.

Wide corridors used as mainthoroughares, also known ashospital streets, have a relativelybusy traic and are likely tobe 5 or 6m wide doubling upas a lit lobby in places. Somearchitectural style luminaires maybe appropriate along these routes.Remember too that many corridorsnow incorporate open plan nursestations which need identiication.

Label Symbol Description

A 3 x Diusalux II

with 1 x 35W T5 lamp

Average Lux

Floor: 212

Luminaire ScheduleLux levels achieved withDiusalux II

Cruz Arrowslim T5 ConnectManual DimmingExplorer ProjectDiffusalux IIVoyager SigmaVoyager LED


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2020

Operating Theatres and Cleanrooms

Nowhere is the need for even, highquality illumination more apparentthan in the operating theatre.

General lighting is usually provided rom ully recessed, sealed,luorescent luminaires, which can be easily cleaned and use lampswith clinical quality colour rendering.

Local lighting on the operating table is provided by specialised

luminaires. While this may deliver illuminance in the region o 10,000 100,000 lux into the cavity it is usual to provide a backgroundilluminance or the theatre sta to carry out ancillary tasks, whichusually calls or recessed, sealed, luorescent luminaires employingdigital dimming control gear. Finally, emergency lighting should be oequal, or near equal quality, to that provided by the normal lighting.

Good visibility does not end with the operating theatre. The preparationand inspection o pharmaceuticals or example demands consistentlighting conditions shit ater shit. Other important considerationsare corrosion, contamination and cleanliness. Additionally, all theluminaires will need to be regularly cleaned and accepted practice is touse cleanroom luminaires.


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Invincible


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In clinical spaces more andmore there is a requirement orbuilding suraces to be easy toclean. In some cases this appliesto lighting too with a requirementto wipe down luminaires.

Many o our ranges aredeveloped with this in mind,ittings such as Invincible oerthe top tier o clean luminaires

with minimal surace gaps andixings to collect bacteria. Butacross many other ranges theluminaires are designed withcleaning in mind. Cruz IP54Glass and IP54 Planor Glassare both wipe clean as is the

Glass trumpet attachment. TheCollege luminaire has smoothsuraces and no horizontal edges

deliberately to reduce build upo dirt and allow the itting tobe wiped down. In corridors aspecial PETG asymmetric diuseror our C-line Quattro luminairesprovides high levels o lightingcomort and cleanliness.

Cruz


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2222

Wards and Bedrooms

In most hospitals a ward has one to our beds. The lighting o anyward unit must satisy the requirements o both the patient and thenursing sta throughout the day and night. Both need general lightingin the early morning and evening when daylight is not available, andpatients may require light at the bed head or reading. Wards are

generally provided with good day lighting, but in some cases it maybe necessary to consider supplementary lighting or the areas urtherrom the windows.

Good visibility cannot end with the operatingtheatre; that is why we have given considerablethought to clinical areas, such as ward units,consulting and treatment rooms.


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Invincible


Cruz Diffusalux II

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It is also possible to mix

luorescent lamps o dierentcolour temperatures, ie. 2700Kand 6000K within the sameluminaire, controlling themindependently to produce saya cooler white in midday ascompared with morning andevening. The general lightingmust be adequate or the careo patients by the nursing sta.For these duties to be perormedeiciently, the illuminanceon patients aces should bebetween 30 and 50 lux andthe illuminance in the central

space between the bed ootrails should be not less than

100 lux. Current medical

procedures usually require thatthe lighting in the bed space issuicient to permit examinationwith the patient in bed withoutusing a separate portableluminaire. The lighting shouldalso provide illumination in thecentre o the ward to enablethe usual nursing procedures tobe carried out while creating apleasant ambience. In additionto concern or the right lightinglevels the balance o brightnessand colour o the surroundingsshould help to minimise glare

and provide a visually pleasinginterior. Lighting controls should

be employed so that the higher

illuminances available within thebed space can be reduced toallow patients to rest. BedroomsLighting in bedrooms needscareul consideration becausethe bedroom is a residents onlyprivate space. Local lighting isneeded over washbasins. Theluminaire used should be placedso as not to cause glare to theuser and should provide goodlighting o the ace as seen inthe mirror over the basin. Anenclosed ceiling light should beprovided to serve a bathroom or

shower cubicle.


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Ancillary areas

Theres no doubt about it.Its hardworking areas such as these that arethe linchpin of your care operation.

And with so much thats vital to the eiciency o your premises goingon behind the scenes, it would be a sad mistake i your eorts toprovide a well-lit working environment stopped here.

Apart rom anything else, Health and Saety Regulations demand that

minimum standards be maintained. But it would be short-sighted toregard these as the inal word. Over and above any statutory duty,it makes sense to supply the best illumination possible in areas wheredelicate instruments are handled or where stock is checked.

While it may be true that the patient is king, your sta are also animportant human resource. Thereore it makes sense to make thebehind-the-scenes lighting as restul as you can, particularly as theseancillary areas may be used or extended periods.


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Jupiter Sensalink DigitalAmazon Microdeco MenloSoft Voyager Industrial


25

Lighting LayoutConsultants Room

Luminaire Diusalux II

Luminaire ScheduleLux levels achieved withDiusalux II Hospital


A 2 x Diusalux II Hospital

with 2 x 35WT5 lamps

Average Lux

400

Increasingly, oice lighting must acilitate a wide diversity o tasks,rom writing a report to looking at a computer screen. In each case theexpert application o the latest lighting technology should go a long waytowards creating a harmonious, glare-ree environment or everyone.

Since hospitals unction or 24 hours a day it is recommended thatlighting controls are employed, such as suitable timed switchingpatterns or presence detection.


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Restaurants and Kitchens

When it comes to restaurants and kitchenwork areas, lighting is a key ingredient.Nobody wants to eat or prepare food ina dull and dreary environment.


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Thames Glacier II Indi Quattro ImpactForce


27

Remember too that good lighting

promotes saety, hygiene,productivity and job satisaction important i you value lowsta turnover.

Uniorm lighting usingdownlighters is usually ine ordining areas, with some additionallighting on the walls, or rompendants, to add visual varietyprovided that there is suicientceiling height. Localised lightingover the servery is useul in makingthis area easily located and ingiving a bright appearance to

the ood service area. Throughoutgood colour rendering lightsources should be used.

Points to watch or in the kitchenwork areas are luminaires thatare impervious to steam or vapourand provide even illuminationand good colour rendering ( Ra80+) with a colour temperaturebelow 4000 K, typically 2800to 3000K. Luminaires with linearluorescent lamps with highrequency electronic control gearare oten suitable with a high IPrating. Additional local lightingmay be needed on cookingareas as these tend to be in theshadow o persons using them.The requirements o the FoodSaety Act must be met. Rememberalso that the luminaire choice,distribution and installationposition can drastically aectthe impression on the diner.Luminaires over the table canprovide a eeling o cosseting inan otherwise public space.


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Exteriors

Light is a language in itself, encompassingthe full spectrum of needs and emotions.

Good exterior lighting can bea guarantor o maximum saetyin a hospital entrance or oreassurance in a lonely car park.Saety is enhanced by strategicallypositioned lights on stairs,walkways or approach roads.As or security, exterior lightingis known to be the simplest andmost cost eective deterrent to thewould-be thie or vandal.

Entrances, pathway intersectionsand, o course, hazards suchas changes in level, should bemarked by beacons. Bollardsand bulkheads are typically used

to light pathways and approachesto entrances. There is suicientchoice to be able to make aluminaire selection that blendswith the surrounding architecture.Points to consider are the heighto the luminaire, the lightingperormance, the ingressprotection and degree o vandalresistant oered. Many modelshave a wall or ceiling mountedbulkhead to match the design othe bollard too.

Car parks, entrance and serviceroads all need adequate lighting,and the route to the entranceneeds to be correctly deinedand lit. There should be no areas

let in darkness. There are nowmany attractive high perormancedecorative lanterns to chooserom that deliver riendlyillumination with a touch o style.

Remember too that exterior lightingneeds careul thought to includelight nuisance control especiallyconsidering most health carebuildings are sited within areas

o higher populations. Modernluminaires design incorporate latcut o optics rather than plain latglass and beneit rom improvedeiciency as a direct result.


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E/Fact LED Cesar AreafloodCivic IIPromenade Dyana


29

Lighting LayoutCar Park


A 24 x Lemnis lanterns

with 150W HPS lamp,

mounted on 8m columns

Average Lux

42 (15min)

Luminaire Lemnis

Luminaire ScheduleLux levels achieved with Lemnis


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Lighting people and places

Thorn Lighting LimitedUKSilver Screens, Elstree Way, Borehamwood,Hertordshire, WD6 1FE

UK Sales desk -Orders/Stock EnquiriesTel: 0844 855 4810Fax: 0844 855 4811

IrelandThorn Lighting (Ireland) LimitedCentury HouseHarolds Cross RoadDublin 6WTel: (353) 1 4922 877Fax: (353) 1 4922 724E-mail: [email protected]

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www.thornlighting.co.uk

Thorn Lighting is constantly developing and improving its products. All descriptions, illustrations,drawings and specications in this publication present only general particulars and shall not orm

Documents

Thorn Lighting Guide