ThoriumNamed after thor,

the VikiNg Norse god of thuNder.

Atomic Structure:● Number of Energy Levels: 7

● First Energy Level: 2

● Second Energy Level: 8

● Third Energy Level: 18

● Fourth Energy Level: 32

● Fifth Energy Level: 18

● Sixth Energy Level: 10

● Seventh Energy Level: 2

•Thorium is located within group 3, in period 7.•It is a member of the Actinides.•It’s final electron configuration is 6d2, with quantum numbers: 6,2,-1,+1/2

First ionization energy: 587KJ/molElectron affinity: noneElectronegativity: 1.3

Jöns Jacob BerzeliusJöns Jacob Berzelius

Basic Information

Name: ThoriumSymbol: ThAtomic Number: 90Atomic Mass: 232.0381 amuMelting Point: 1750.0 °CBoiling Point: 4790.0 °CNumber of Protons/Electrons: 90Number of Neutrons: 142Classification: ActinidesCrystal Structure: CubicDensity: 11.72 g/cm3 (@ 293 K)Color: silver

Discovered in 1828 by:

CharaCteristiCs Of thOrium● Pure thorium is a silvery-white metal.

● The physical properties of thorium are greatly influenced by the degree of contamination with the oxide.

● Pure thorium is soft, very ductile, and can be cold-rolled.

thOrium● Thorium is a naturally-occurring, slightly

radioactive metal.● Uses: strong alloys, ultraviolet photoelectric

cells, nuclear fuel● Obtained From: monazite, thorite ● It is found in small amounts in most rocks and

soils.● It is about three times more abundant than

uranium.

Thorium As A NucleAr Fuel

● Most Abundant Nuclear Fuel

● Today, thorium is relatively expensive - about $5,000 per kilogram. However, this is only because of there is currently little demand for thorium, but there is 4 times as much thorium in the earth’s crust as there is uranium, & uranium is only $40/kg. If thorium starts to be mined in large amounts, its cost could drop to as low as $10/kg.

Thorium rods. Photo: Department of Energy

Thorium rods

Thorium compouNds● Thorium dihydride: ThH2

● Thorium trifluoride: ThF3

● Thorium tetrafluoride: ThF4

● Thorium tetrachloride: ThCl4

● Thorium diiodide: ThI2

● Thorium triiodide: ThI3

● Thorium tetraiodide: ThI4

● Thorium dioxide: ThO2

● Thorium sulphide: ThS

● Thorium disulphide: ThS2

● Dithorium trisulphide: Th2S3

•Thorium diselenide: ThSe2

•Thorium nitride: ThN•Thorium sulphate nonahydrate: Th(SO4)2.9H2O

my FiNAl piTch:

Thorium has a promising future as a fuel source in LFTR’s; it is four times as abundant as Uranium, readily available in the United States, relatively safe, and extremely efficient.

By my estimates, this is the amount it will cost you to buy the United States’ supply of Thorium!

Three easy payments of $ 733,333,333,333!Plus shipping & handling

Christian s. Christian s. ParkerParker

Marketing and sales division

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