Thoracic and Lumbar Thoracic and Lumbar Spine AnatomySpine Anatomy

Thoracic VertebraeThoracic Vertebrae BodiesBodies PediclesPedicles LaminaeLaminae Spinous ProcessesSpinous Processes Transverse ProcessesTransverse Processes Inferior & Superior Inferior & Superior

FacetsFacets Distinguishing FeatureDistinguishing Feature

– Costal FoveaCostal Fovea T1T1 T2-T8T2-T8 T9-12T9-12

Thoracic Vertebrae and Rib Thoracic Vertebrae and Rib JunctionJunction

Functions of Functions of Thoracic SpineThoracic Spine– Costovertebral JointCostovertebral Joint– Costotransverse Costotransverse

JointJoint MotionsMotions

– All availableAll available– Flexion and Flexion and

extension limitedextension limited– T7-T12T7-T12

Lumbar Spine Lumbar Spine

BodiesBodies PediclesPedicles LaminaeLaminae Transverse ProcessTransverse Process Spinous ProcessSpinous Process Articular FacetsArticular Facets

Lumbar Spine Lumbar Spine

Thoracolumbar Thoracolumbar FasciaFascia

Lumbar SpineLumbar Spine

Iliolumbar Iliolumbar LigamentsLigaments

Functions of Functions of Lumbar SpineLumbar Spine– Resistance of Resistance of

anterior translationanterior translation– Resisting RotationResisting Rotation– Weight SupportWeight Support– MotionMotion

Intervertebral DisksIntervertebral Disks

Ratio between disk Ratio between disk thickness and thickness and vertebral body vertebral body heightheight

Disk CompositionDisk Composition– Nucleus pulposisNucleus pulposis– Annulus FibrosisAnnulus Fibrosis

Spinal LigamentsSpinal Ligaments

Anterior LongitudinalAnterior Longitudinal Posterior LongitudinalPosterior Longitudinal Ligamentum FlavumLigamentum Flavum Interspinous Interspinous

LigamentsLigaments Supraspinous Supraspinous

LigamentsLigaments Intertransverse Intertransverse

LigamentsLigaments

Spinal CurvesSpinal Curves

Posterior ViewPosterior View Sagittal ViewSagittal View

– PrimaryPrimary– SecondarySecondary

Deep Muscles of the Back Deep Muscles of the Back (Erector Spinae)(Erector Spinae)

IliocostalisIliocostalis

Iliocostalis lumborumIliocostalis lumborum Iliocostalis ThoracisIliocostalis Thoracis IliocostalisCervicisIliocostalisCervicis

Iliocostalis LumborumIliocostalis Lumborum OO

– Common tendon origin in Common tendon origin in sacrum, iliac crest, lumber sacrum, iliac crest, lumber vertebraevertebrae

II– Lower borders ribs 6-12Lower borders ribs 6-12

NN– Dorsal rami of spinal nervesDorsal rami of spinal nerves

FF– BilateralBilateral

Spinal extensionSpinal extension Maintenance of erect Maintenance of erect

postureposture Stabilization of spine during Stabilization of spine during

flexionflexion– UnilateralUnilateral

Lateral flexionLateral flexion Ipsilateral rotationIpsilateral rotation

Iliocostalis ThoracisIliocostalis Thoracis OO

– Upper borders rib 6-12Upper borders rib 6-12 II

– Lower borders ribs 1-6Lower borders ribs 1-6 NN

– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal nervesnerves

FF– BilateralBilateral

Same as aboveSame as above– UnilateralUnilateral

Same as aboveSame as above

Iliocostalis CervicisIliocostalis Cervicis

OO– Angles ribs 1-6Angles ribs 1-6

II– C4-6 transverse C4-6 transverse

processesprocesses NN

– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal nervesnerves

FF– Same as aboveSame as above

LongissimusLongissimus

Longissimus ThoracisLongissimus Thoracis Longissimus CervicisLongissimus Cervicis Longissimus CapitusLongissimus Capitus

Longissimus ThoracisLongissimus Thoracis OO

– Common tendon Common tendon origin in sacrum, origin in sacrum, iliac crest, lumber iliac crest, lumber vertebraevertebrae

II– T1-12 transverse T1-12 transverse

processesprocesses NN

– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal nervesnerves

FF– Same as aboveSame as above

Longissimus CervicisLongissimus Cervicis

OO– T1-5 transverse T1-5 transverse

processesprocesses II

– C2-6 transverse C2-6 transverse processesprocesses

NN– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal

nervesnerves FF

– Same as aboveSame as above

Longissimus CapitusLongissimus Capitus OO

– T1-5 transverse T1-5 transverse processesprocesses

– C5-7 articular processesC5-7 articular processes II

– Posterior mastoid Posterior mastoid processprocess

NN– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal

nervesnerves FF

– Extends and rotates Extends and rotates headhead

Spinalis Spinalis

Spinalis ThoracisSpinalis Thoracis Spinalis Cervicis Spinalis Cervicis Spinalis CapitusSpinalis Capitus

Spinalis ThoracisSpinalis Thoracis OO

– Common tendon Common tendon origin in sacrum, origin in sacrum, iliac crest, lumber iliac crest, lumber vertebraevertebrae

II– T3-8 spinous T3-8 spinous

processesprocesses NN

– Dorsal rami pf spinal Dorsal rami pf spinal nervesnerves

FF– Same as aboveSame as above

Spinalis CervicisSpinalis Cervicis

OO– C6-T12 spinous C6-T12 spinous

processesprocesses II

– C2 spinous processC2 spinous process NN

– Dorsal rami of Dorsal rami of spinal nervesspinal nerves

FF– Same as aboveSame as above

Spinalis CapitisSpinalis Capitis OO

– Spinous processes of lower Spinous processes of lower cervical and upper cervical and upper thoracicthoracic

II– Between superiior and Between superiior and

inferior nuchal line on inferior nuchal line on occiputocciput

NN– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal

nervesnerves FF

– Same as aboveSame as above

Transversospinal MusclesTransversospinal Muscles

Semispinalis thoracisSemispinalis thoracis Semispinalis CervicisSemispinalis Cervicis Semispinalis CapitusSemispinalis Capitus

Semispinalis ThoracisSemispinalis Thoracis

OO– T6-10 transverse T6-10 transverse

processesprocesses II

– C6 – T4 spinous C6 – T4 spinous processesprocesses

NN– Sorsal rami of spinal Sorsal rami of spinal

nervesnerves FF

– Same as aboveSame as above

Semispinalis CervicisSemispinalis Cervicis

OO– T1-T6 spinous T1-T6 spinous

processesprocesses II

– C2-5 spinous C2-5 spinous processesprocesses

NN– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal

nervesnerves FF

– Same as aboveSame as above

Semispinalis CapitisSemispinalis Capitis OO

– C4-7 transverse C4-7 transverse processesprocesses

– T1-7 vertebraeT1-7 vertebrae II

– Between superior and Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of inferior nuchal lines of occiputocciput

NN– Dorsal rami of spinal Dorsal rami of spinal

nervesnerves FF

– Same as aboveSame as above

MultifidusMultifidus OO

– Transverse processes Transverse processes C4-L5C4-L5

– SacrumSacrum– PSISPSIS

II– Spinous process of vert Spinous process of vert

above originabove origin NN

– Spinal nerve rootsSpinal nerve roots FF

– Extend and lateral Extend and lateral flexion of vertebral flexion of vertebral columncolumn

Quadratus LumborumQuadratus Lumborum OO

– Iliolumbar LigamentIliolumbar Ligament– Iliac crestIliac crest

II– Lower border 12Lower border 12thth rib rib– L1-L4 transverse L1-L4 transverse

processesprocesses N N

– ventral branches of T12 ventral branches of T12 and L1 to L4. and L1 to L4.

FF– Pelvis elevationPelvis elevation– Trunk extensionTrunk extension– Trunk lateral flexionTrunk lateral flexion– Pulls down rib 12 to fix Pulls down rib 12 to fix

origin of diaphragmorigin of diaphragm

RotatoresRotatores

OO– Transverse processes Transverse processes

from axis to sacrumfrom axis to sacrum II

– Laminae of vert aboveLaminae of vert above NN

– Direct branches over Direct branches over spinal nerve rootsspinal nerve roots

FF– Spine extensionSpine extension– Rotation to opposite Rotation to opposite

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