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A series of comprehensive Landscape Architecture projects which address complex design problems in urban areas.
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TRK
Thomas R. KnabA Portfolio Collection
Mission Statement Mission Statement
i
These series of projects seek to interpret and enhance the urban systems in which we live, work, and play. By promoting human activity and movement, and fostering economic and environmental vitality, these works will show my passion for creating the memorable places that enrich everyday life.
ii
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION[4]
HUMAN ACTIVITY + MOVEMENT PAGE
The Modern European City 1
[1]
Grossmarkthalle Plaza 3
What if Cyclists Take Over 7
The City Branch Artery 11
ECONOMIC + ENVIRONMENTAL VITALITY
Middle Branch Harbor 17
GIS REGIONAL ANALYSIS
[2]
[3]Soils 25
Population Diversity 26
Grading 27
Detailing 28
Planting 29
CONTACT INFORMATION 31[5]
Portfolio Directory
Preface // Due to the decreasing reliance on the car and the overwhelming need for plaza and park space in overpopulated European cities, German Landscape Architects provide a progressive design theory: viewing bicycle/pedestrian move-ment and spontaneous public activity in a social lens. This provides an interesting framework to promote the health of a city, using Köln as a case study.
Professional Engagement // These series of designs developed in Germany were guided by practicing Landscape Architects in the City of Köln, who are actively involved in improving urban spaces.
The Modern European City Introduction to Germany
1
BonnerStrasse North
Cathedral
Rhine
Germany
NTS
Berlin
KölnBonn
2
BonnerStrasse SouthGrossmarkthalle
NTS
3
Objective // This project challenged me to rede-sign a parcel of land along the Bonnerstrasse, revolving around the historic Grossmarkt building, a wholesale market for produce. This area is being redeveloped as a new city quarter, with proposals for mixed-use, residential, and retail. Addition-ally, city planners intend to extend a section of the city’s green belt to the north, and to re-purpose the Grossmarkt as a concert venue.
Grossmarkthalle Plaza Köln, Germany
Concept // This project utilized the Grossmarkt plaza’s position between two fundamental urban edges, the proposed green belt and the Bonnerstrasse, to create an urban response that embodied the basic qualities of both a ‘street’ and a ‘green belt.’ I included several public open spaces with a diverse and walkable ‘pedestrian boulevard,’ which I believe will enhance Köln’s public space.
Design Progression
NTS
Site Inventory
Bonnerstrasse North
Grossmarkt
Proposed Green Belt
Proposed Buildings
Proposed Green Belt
Proposed Mixed Use;Office/ Commercial7 Stories
Grossmarkt
NTS
Contextual Inspiration Proposed Spaces Circulation
Grossmarkt Grossmarkt
Movement Hierarchy
Vehicular
Cross Walk
Vehicular Drop Off[Scale + Orientation for all progressions]
Plaza Sequence
Lawn
Orchard/ Mixed Perennials
Ground Cover/Grasses
Bio-Swale
Bonnerstrasse
Bonnerstrasse
Bonnerstrasse
4
Illustrative Contextual Plan
Grossmarkt
Proposed Mixed-Use Structure
Tram Stop
Bonnerstrasse
Illustrative Detail Reference // p. 9
0 40100 m
5
Outcome // This design offers visitors a dynamic spatial experience, responding to the desire for public open space and meaningful program, resulting in a vibrant hub for Köln’s new city quarter.
Grossmarkthalle Plaza Köln, Germany
Illustrative Detail Plan
Rendered Site Section
NTS
3 m 10 m 2 m 3 m 5 m 6 m 5 m 2 m 5 m 13.5 m
ORCHARD
LAWN
PLAZA
PROMENADE
A
A’
A A’
0 510 m
6The Grossmarkthalle Plaza.
Scenario I
A A’
Objective // This project introduced a paradigm shift in urban movement: the assumption that the car may be needed much less, emphasizing bicycle and pedestrian movement. This design represents an attempt at redesigning a section of Köln’s his-toric Bonnerstrasse North transect, asking the question “What if Cyclists Take Over?”
What if Cyclists Take Over? Köln, Germany
7
Concept // I wanted to promote a redefinition and simplification of the street: allowing pedestrians, cyclists, and automobiles to self-organize movement through the urban fabric. In other words, if there are more cyclists or pedestrians, they will take over the major spaces in the street which are defined by variations in paving.
Diagrammatic Plan
Paving
ZONE I
ZONE I
ZONE II
5 m 3 m 4 m NTS
8
Illustrative Plan Reference // p. 5
Scenario II
A A’
Scenario III
A A’
A
A’
ZONE I
ZONE I
ZONE II
5 m 3 m 4 m5 m 3 m 4 m NTS NTS
0 1020 m
A
A’
9
Outcome // This strategy creates an adaptable, convivial space that allows for people to interact and engage in a variety of situations, re-specting the particularly dominant group. Ultimately, this speaks to a paradigm shift that redefines ‘the street,’ as self-organizing feature of the urban fabric.
What if Cyclists Take Over? Köln, Germany
Illustrative Plan
0 510 m
10A New Urban Fabric.
Franklin Town Blvd.
11
Objective // This project charged each student with redeveloping a site along Philadelphia’s North-South axis, Broad St. We were asked to consider the integration of public space, building infrastruc-ture, and socioeconomic concerns in order to enhance the urban fabric. This design produced a solution to the abandoned City Branch Railroad, offering an alternative to current proposals of either a submerged park or a light rail connection.
Professional Engagement // This project was guided by Landscape Architects at the Philadelphia firm Studio Bryan Hanes, who are currently developing solutions for several sites in the city, including the Reading Viaduct.
The City Branch Artery Philadelphia, PA
Matthias Baldwin Park
Community College
City Branch Rail Line
Opportunities
NTS
Matthias Baldwin Park
Cent. For Business/ Industry
Philadelphia Community College
School Districtof Philadelphia
Old Philadelphia Inquirer
Significant/ Beneficial Sites Abandoned City Branch Rail
Urban Integration Reading Viaduct
Historical SignificanceIncreased Vegetation External Connections
Ecological Function Economic Development
Educational Experience
Broad Street
N 13th Street
NTS
12
Community College
Old PhiladelphiaInquirer
Reading Viaduct
CBSStudios
Constraints
NTSSurface Parking
Broad Street
Excessive Parking Broad Street Disconnected Land Use
13
Concept // The resulting design attempts to redefine the former purpose of the City Branch as a transportation vessel, into that of a performative ur-ban landscape. This solution turns the City Branch into a an urban ‘artery’ which stimulates ecological health through storm water filtration and promotes economic vitality by providing a desirable framework for real estate development: human interaction with habitat.
The City Branch ArteryPhiladelphia, PA
Illustrative PlanN 19th Street
New Matthias Baldwin Park
City BranchArtery
14
Broad Street
N 13th Street
Proposed Mixed-UseOffice/Retail
Proposed Mixed-UseResidential/Retail
Proposed Mixed-UseResidential/Retail
Proposed Mixed-UseOffice/Retail
Proposed Mixed-UseOffice/Retail 0 100’
200’
Outcome // This strategy goes beyond promot-ing environmental and economic vitality through embedded sustainable technologies, storm water management, and a framework for retail, com-mercial, and residential development. The new City Branch Artery ultimately reconnects the social fabric of this corner of Philadelphia, giving residents and visitors an engaging place to interact.
The City Branch Artery Philadelphia, PA
15
New Performative System
Rainwater Collection + FiltrationWater Movement
Water Retention
Bio Infiltration
ConnectionsHuman Interaction
Embedded SustainableProcesses
Sustainable Technology
InteractionNTS
Green Roof + Cistern
Green Roof + Cistern Solar Panels
Urban Agriculture Green Roof
Green Roof
NTS
Conceptual Section
60’
Middle Branch Reading Viaduct
NTS25’
60’
Cisterns
City BranchHeating/Cooling
16The Performative City Branch Artery.
17
Preface // These series of projects in Balti-more’s Middle Branch Harbor charged each student to identify and improve upon the many ecological and infrastructural problems that face the area, in. Drawing inspiration from goals developed by Baltimore’s planning office, collaborative master plans were created; followed by individual design projects which sought to create a vibrant waterfront that demonstrates a positive landscape change over time.
Professional Engagement // We actively worked with scientists associated with the Balti-more Ecological Study, who are actively researching urban ecology issues. This research provided the framework needed to guide the concepts embedded in each project.
Middle Branch Harbor Baltimore, MD
NTS
M & T Bank Stadium
Industrial
InventoryBoundaries
Land Use Inventory (in Acres)
Horshoe CasinoComplex
Open Park
Tree Canopy
Wetland
Development
Parking7.14 (6.8% Forest)
4.57
2.54
1.45
0.90
Total Area// 16.60 Acres
18
Illustrative Master Plan Middle Branch Harbor Baltimore, MD
Collaborative Master Plan// This team-led Master Plan sought to redefine the harbor edge to emphasize the essential connec-tion between humans, bay ecology, and educa-
tion. Experientially, we wanted to take visitors on a journey: moving people through the site just as
water moves in an urban system. Participants//
The team involved in this Master Plan included four people: Ashley Reed, Nicole Carros, Amanda
Clerkin, and myself. My specific responsibilities included: designing the “Urban Core Patchwork”
zone and producing all plan and perspective renderings.
Redefining the Harbor
Human
Bay Ecology
Education
Urban BlocksRural Flow
Meadow/MarshImmersion
Horshoe Casino Complex
Urban CorePatchwork
Forest Immersion
Urban/ RuralFringe
0’ 50’100’
Objective // Moving onto my individual design project, I chose to focus on the parcels adjacent to an existing bus depot and a casino complex, that is currently under construction. My analysis pointed to a large amount of impervious surfaces which flow directly into the harbor, without the proper riparian habitats to compensate. With the introduction of the casino project, there is potential to manage the pol-luted storm water runoff, while reintroducing people to the water’s edge.
Middle Branch Harbor Baltimore, MD
Site Inventory
Horshoe Casino Complex
Casino
ParkingGarage
Parcel A
Bus Depot
HotelLodging
Parcel B
Existing Habitats
NTS
Wetland
Tree Canopy
2’ Contours
Existing Streets
NTS
2’ Contours
ImperviousCover
Existing Buildings
NTS
2’ Contours
ImperviousCover
Baltim
ore-W
ashin
gton P
kwy.
NTS
5.3 Ac. Tree Canopy
0.7 Ac. Wetland
9.2 Ac. Impervious Cover
29.2 Kg. Nitrogen/ Year
8.2 Ac. Impervious Cover
37.1 Kg. Nitrogen/ Year
19
Middle Branch Harbor Baltimore, MD
Research// The foundation for this design study recognizes
that urban ecology consists of heterogeneous landscapes of inter-related patches, important to understand when anticipating landscape change.
Although these patches are individual, bounded units, they exist with and affect each other as components of the urban construct. Addition-
ally, increasing urban imperviousness means an increase in nitrate pollution from storm water run-
off. Ultimately, riparian zones become sources for nitrate, limiting the potential for the riparian zone’s
effectiveness in reducing polluted runoff. B.E.S. research suggests that turning urban riparian zones
into ‘sinks’ for nitrogen export and filtration is an attractive solution.
Theory of Patch Dynamics
Physical
Biophysical
Social
Urban-Riparian Runoff// Nitrate Pollution
1
2
Impervious Cover Riparian Zone
Stream
Initial Runoff + Nitrate Accumulation in Dry Riparian Zone
Nitrate Pollutants Flushed into Streams after Storms
20
21
Concept// This project will implement a series of riparian ‘sinks’ by encouraging the inter-relationship between urban landscape units as a confluence of habitat & storm water control measures. The goal is to detain polluted runoff, to denitrify the contami-nated water, and to strengthen neighborhood vitality by introducing sustainable strategies and providing attractive water front habitats.
Middle Branch Harbor Baltimore, MD
Proposed Roof Runoff
NTS
Proposed Habitat
Illustrative Contextual Plan
NTS
Riparian Forest
Detention Basin
Wetland
Impervious
Green Roof
Impervious Roof
Water Collection
Water Management
NTS
Area 1
Movement
ManagementArea
Inflow
Water Collection I
HorshoeCasino
ParkingGarage
ConstructedWetland
Dry Extended Detention Basin
Managed +Undisturbed Forest
ExtensiveGreen Roof
200’0’400’
See Illustrative Detail Plan // p. 22
Area 2
Area 3
22.8 Ac. Riparian Forest5.0 Ac. Detention Basin6.3 Ac. W
etland
54.9% Im
pervious Roof24.2%
Green Roof20.9%
Water Collection
Area 1 // Combined Cond.
Area 2 // Impervious Roof
Area 3 // Impervious Streets
Dry Extended DetentionBasin
22
Illustrative Detail Plan
Water Management
Area I Detention
Area II Detention
Water Conveyance
ExtensiveGreen Roof
Water Collection II
Water Collection I
Area II Wetland
Area I Wetland
ObservationDeck
50’0’100’
B
B’
See Habitat Interactions // p. 23
Outcome// The resulting design not only offers a solution to the problem of urban nitrate pollution, but also reflects an adaptive way of thinking about how to design on urban sites. This solution uses the theory of patch dynamics to ensure the sustainabil-ity of urban living over time; incorporating physical beauty, ecological health, and social vitality.
Middle Branch Harbor Baltimore, MD
23
Habitat Interactions
Extensive Green Roof Detail Runoff Projections
$846 KEstimated CostBased on $10/ sq.ft.
Growing Medium
Root Permeable Layer
Drainage Layer
Retention LayerWaterproofing
Insulation
Concrete Deck
River BirchBetula nigra
Riverbank Wild RyeElymus riparius
Lurid SedgeCarex lurida
Reed Canary GrassPhalaris arundinacea
Golden RagwortPackera aurea
Meadow Managed Forest Undisturbed Forest Dry Extended Detention Basin Constructed Wetland Harbor43’ 60’ 50’ 133’ 75’
10’0’20’
B B’
5yrs. 20yrs.PROPOSED TRAJECTORY
Area I // 0.97 ha.Impervious RoofGreen Roof
Area II // 0.97 ha.Impervious Roof
41.93 Kg. N Runoff[12.38 Kg. Removed by Green Roof]
5,173 Kg. Potential N Removed
54.32 Kg. N Runoff5,143 Kg. Potential N Removed
167.7 Kg. N Runoff[49.54 Kg. Removed by Green Roof]
20,692 Kg. Potential N Removed
217.28 Kg. N Runoff20,572 Kg. Potential N Removed
2,016,228 Gal.Collected/ Year.From Cisterns on Buildings
20,741 Cu. Ft.Detention CapacityBased on Water Quality Volume
28.1 AcresIncrease in HabitatFrom Existing to Proposed
24The Revitalized Middle Branch Harbor.
Harbor
B’
Pine Grove Mills
^
Bellefonte
Pleasant Gap
State College
Penn State University
Boalsburg
Bald Eagle Ridge
Tussey Ridge
Mt. Nitta
ny
Penns Valley
Nittany V
alley
0 1 2 3Miles
25
SoilsSpring Creek Watershed
CanyonParcels
Alluvium
Colluvium
Sandstone
Sandy Limestone
Limestone/Dolomite
Shale/Siltstone
Water
Quarry
Residuum
Spring Creek Soil Types
Other
!!
! !
!!!!
Legend
Soil Type Area (Acres) Percent
Alluvium
Colluvium
Residuum
Sandstone
Sandy Limestone
Limestone/Dolomite
Shale/Siltstone
Other
5192
16567
49543
11791
6483
418
5.6%
17.7%
12.6%
6.9%
53.1%
0.4%
Water
Quarry 35583 0.1%
0.4%
Analytics
26
Population DiversitySpring Creek Watershed
Legend
Analytics
0 1 2 3Miles
0 - 0.06
0.06 - 0.17
0.17 - 0.31
0.31 - 0.48
0.48 - 0.77
Diversity Index
Spring Creek Watershed
Legend
GradingPSU Center for Sustainability
27
HPS
LPS
TW
BW
TR
BR
High Point
Swale
Low Point Swale
Top of Wall
Bottom of Wall
Top of Ramp
Bottom of Ramp TFFE Top FElevation
TC Top of Curb
BC Bottom of Curb
BFFE Bottom
Finished FloorElevation
Existing Contours
Existing Vegetation
Center Line of
Swale
Slope
TS Top of Stair
BS Bottom of Stair
Drain
Proposed Contours
UndergroundPiping
DI Drain Inlet
Spot Elevation
Legend
0’ 10’ 50’
Detailing PSU Pattee Mall
28
1’0’ 2’1 Sitting Wall Detail
Section
Slope to Drain
1 02 Ft.
4"
10"3'-5"
10'-10"
2'-8" 2'-6" 4' 1'-7"
Planting Soil
Drainage Aggregate
Geo-Textile Filter fabric
Bluestone Coping; See # 5 in NotesStainless Steel Dowel; See # 5 in NotesRed Brick Bonding; See # 6 in NotesMasonry Anchor; See # 6 in NotesSand Mortar Joint; Concave Hand-Tooled Finish1/2" Expansion Joint; Sealed; Separates Concrete Pavers and Sitting Wall
See Detail 1 on this Sheet for further detail of Concrete and Brick Paving
Number 4 Reba; See # 7 in Notes
CIP Concrete Stem Wall; 3000 PSI; See # 7 in Notes6" Diameter PVC Drainage Pipe
CIP Concrete Footing; Should be Poured below frost depth
Compacted Sub-Grade
Compacted aggregate sub-base
Frost Depth; See # 8 in Notes
Finish Grade
PlantingPSU West Campus Commons
29
1 Treed Plaza Planting
Plan
Furniture; Table & Chairs
Brick Paving
5' x 5' Iron Tree Grate (Typ.)
(8)-Ta
(6)-Ta
(11)-Tab
(8)-Tab
Key Quantity Botanical Name Common Name Size ConditionTa 14 Tilia americana American Linden 20'- 8" B&BTab 19 Tilia americana 'Boulevard' Boulevard Linden 15'- 8" B&B
Schedule A
Tree Symbol (Note: Size of symbol differentiates species)
Tree Grate
Brick Paving
Silva Cell Boundary
LegendTree Symbol
Tree Grate
Brick Paving
Silva Cell Boundary
30
1 Mixed Perennial Bed
Plan
(1)-AA
(1)-AA
(1)-AM
(1)-AM
(21)-ER
(390)-TG
(30)-LC
(145)-PP
(54)-PP
(151)-GB
(124)-TS
(17)-ER
(25)-AP(56)-PA
(41)-MR
(1)-AA
(19)-AP
(17)-PA(13)-AP(8)-IVM
(1)-IVJ
(82)-GB
(63)-PDI
(11)-VA
(12)-TS
(24)-PM
(4)-VA
(29)-PDI
(23)-PM
(12)-VS (22)-AS
(31)-MD
(4)-PD
(40)-PDI
(12)-VA(11)-IVM
(9)-AM(35)-VC(16)-VS
(1)-MRI
(1)-MRI
(32)-SC
(1)-MRI
(15)-SC (8)-VN
(1)-MRI
(2)-VN
(17)-SC
(1)-VN
(10)-AN
(9)-SC
(1)-MRI
(55)-AP
(22)-PA
(88)-AP
(76)-PA
(108)-MR
(13)-AN
(3)-PD
(3)-PD
(1)-MRI (1)-MRI (1)-MRI
(4)-PD
(5)-AN
(2)-PD
(1)-MRI
(45)-GB
(30)-PM (1)-MRI
(1)-MRI
(32)-PDI
(12)-PD
(505)-TS
FlagstonePavers
Legend
Deciducous Tree
LargeShrub
Small Shrub/Perennial
AccentPerennial
Ferns Groundcover Small Perennial
Schedule AKey Quantity Botanical Name Common Name SizeTreesAA 3 Amelanchier arborea Common Serviceberry 6'ShrubsAM 2 Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry 2'IVJ 2 Ilex verticillata 'Jim Dandy' Jim Dandy Winterberry 2-3'IVM 19 Ilex verticillata 'Maryland Beauty' Maryland Beauty Winterberry 2-3'VA 27 Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush Blueberry 12-18" SprHerbaceous PerennialsAS 22 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed #SP5AN 37 Aster novae-angliae New England Aster #SP5ER 38 Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot #SP3GB 278 Guara biennis Guara #SP2LC 30 Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower #SP6MRI 11 Mimulus rigens Monkey Flower #SP3MD 31 Monarda didyma Bee Balm #SP5PD 28 Penstemon digitalis Beard Tongue #SP5PDI 132 Phlox divaricata Wild Sweet William #SP2PM 77 Phlox maculata Meadow Phlox #SP2PP 199 Phlox paniculata Summer Phlox #SP3TG 390 Trillium grandiflorum White Trillium #SP2VN 11 Vernonia noveboracensis New York Ironweed #SP6GroundcoversMR 149 Mitchella repens Partridge-Berry 6"SC 73 Sanguinaria canadensis Blood Root 3"TS 629 Thymus serpyllum Creeping Thyme 3"VC 35 Viola conspersa American Dog Violet 6"VS 28 Viola sororia Common Blue Violet 6"FernsAP 200 Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair Fern 6"PA 171 Polystichum achrostichoides Christmas Fern 6"
