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This set of notes was prepared specially for Life Mastery Academy’s

RES trainees so as to assist them in their revision for CEA’s RES

Examination.

All LMA’s RES trainees will receive this E-Book FREE. If you have been

charged a fee for your copy, please report to us at 6255 6091 / 6083.

Or you may email us at RES@lifemasteryacademy.com.

Our purpose is to help our trainees pass their RES Examination in their

first seating.

Disclaimer: While efforts are put in to ensure that this set of supplementary notes are as accurate and

complete as possible, trainees are reminded that it MUST be studied in conjunction with the curriculum

and syllabus as provided by Life Mastery Academy and CEA.

Trainees are advised to study this set of supplementary notes on its own without all other important

materials as provided by Life Mastery Academy.

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S.No. Terms Chinese Terms Meaning

A

1 Abandonment 放弃租约 The surrender, relinquishment, disclaimer, or cession of property or of rights. Voluntary relinquishment of all right, title, claim, and possession, with the intention of not reclaiming it.

2 Abatement of tax

减税/ 扣除免税额 when a taxing board grants a taxpayer a stay of paying a tax for a short or long term, for a total or percentage of the tax.

3 Abide by / to abide by

减税/ 扣除免税额 To accept a decision or law and act in accordance with it

4 Absentee landlord

在外房东 An individual or entity that rents or leases real estate to another party, but does not reside on the premises.

5 Absentee owner 非自住业主 / 在外业主 / 在

外屋主

An individual who owns a piece of real estate but does not live in it.

6 Absolute prohibition 完全禁止条规

7 Abstract of title 契约记录 The notes made by a title examiner based on his examination of the land records. These notes are a concise summary of the transactions affecting the property.

8 Abut 连接

Boundaries of two or more contiguous properties with no intervening land.

9 Acceleration Clause 即时全数还款权 A condition in a real estate financing instrument giving the lender the power to declare all sums owing lender immediately due and payable upon the happening of an event, such as the sale of the property, or a delinquency in the repayment of the note.

10 Acceptance 接纳 / 接受

The seller's written approval of a buyer's offer.

11 Acceptance Copy 接纳认购权

12 Access right 进入权

The right of an owner to have access to and from owner’s property over adjoining property.

13 Access road 支路 A road that affords access into and out of an area.

14 Access to lands 有权进入他人产业 is governed through land tenure systems

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15 Accession 商业或工业附属物从租户转

移给业主

it is a mode of acquiring property that involves the addition of value to property through labor or the addition of new materials

16 Accessory building

附属建筑

A building that is secondary to the main structure on the property

17 Accessory lot 附属土地, 如停车位 means a lot intended for separate proprietorship and use with any other specified lot or lots for any purpose

18 Accommodation 住所 / 居所 An act or service performed for another person as a favor, having no expectation of receiving compensation. Can be made to an accommodation party by lending one’s name for the purpose of securing a note or receiving credit.

19 Accord 合法替代先前合约 an agreement by a creditor to accept something different from or less than what the creditor feels he or she is entitled to.

20 Account 帐户/ 帐目 Any combination of funds for which there is a separate periodic accounting and statement of balance.

21 Account statement 会计财务表 both a property tax bill and account summary. It shows all current and future property taxes due. It also details other important information, such as property exemptions and any credits.

22 Accountability 有责任交代 The responsibility of either an individual or department to perform a specific function in accounting

23 Accounts payable / receivable

有责任交代 A liability arising when a vendor provides goods or services that are not immediately paid for and where the liability is not formalized in writing but backed by the reputation and credit worthiness of the debtor. / transactions not paid in cash create an account receivable, an unsecured promise to pay in the future

24 Accrual accounting 以成交额而非收到款项为准

的记账方式

Under this method of accounting, income is recognized when earned, whether or not collected, and expenses are recognized when events have occurred that determine that a liability exists and the amount of the liability

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can be ascertained with reasonable accuracy.

25 Accrual of depreciation

累积折旧 Depreciation that has not been recorded at the end of the accounting period.

26 Accrue 累计利息制 To record an item in the accounting books when using the accrual method of accounting

27 Accrued benefit 累算权益 Coverage earned by an employee on a pension plan, based on years of service with an employer. Accrued benefits may include vacation, sick or personal time off, or other related benefits. Employees who are laid off, retire or are fired must receive all unpaid accrued benefits.

28 Accrued depreciation

累积折旧 The expense occurring for the period of time that has elapsed since depreciation was last recorded.

29 Accrued expenses 以成交额记账的方式 Those incurred expenses which are not yet payable. The seller’s accrued expenses are credited to the purchaser in a closing statement.

30 Accrued interest 累积利息 Interest that accrues and will be paid when a property is sold if the rental income does not cover the mortgage payments.

31 Accumulated interest

累积利息 Interest not paid currently that is added to the balance owing.

32 Accurate 准确 free from error or defect; consistent with a standard, rule, or model; precise; exact.

33 Acknowledgements 认证书 A formal declaration made before an authorized person, e.g., a notary public, by a person who has executed an instrument stating that the execution was his or her free act.

34 Acoustic treatment 隔音措施 / 消音处理 The use of sound-absorbing materials to give a room a desired degree of freedom from echo and reverberation.

35 Acquire / Acquisition 收购土地或地产 / 获取权利

或权益

The act or process by which a person procures property.

36 Acquisition of private land

政府征用私人土地法 From time to time, land in the private sector may be required for various vital public programmes such as schools,

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hospitals, housing and infrastructure developments including roads, drains and mass rapid transit projects. The legal framework for the acquisition of private land by the Government is provided for in the Land Acquisition Act.

37 Acre 英亩 43,560 square feet of land

38 Acronym CASE 英文首字母缩略词, 如‘消费

人协会’简称为

Consumers Association of Singapore (nonprofit consumer protection agency)

39 Act of delivery 通过行动来履行合约 The act of transferring to another.

40 Act of God 天灾 A catastrophic event that could not have been foreseen nor avoided or prevented.

41 Action 诉讼 / 法律行动 concerning the processes causing intentional (willful) human bodily movements

42 Action for money due

申索到期应缴付款项的诉讼

43 Action in rem 加入或取消对某地契附加索

求 / 或对某地契添加先

Judicial proceeding against property, or more literally, “against the thing.” While in legal theory an action in rem occurs only against property, in actuality it consists of a legal action between parties for the purpose of attaching or disposing of property owned by them

44 Activity / Activities 活动

45 Actual aspects 真实的一面

46 Actual authority 实际的权力 Specific powers, expressly conferred by a principal (often an insurance company) to an agent to act on the principal's behalf. This power may be broad, general power or it may be limited, special power.

47 Actual building cost 实际建筑成本

48 Actual cost rent 实际成本租金

49 Actual property 真实存在的产业

50 Ad valorem duty 按价收税制, 如成交价越高税

率就越高

Meaning "according to value," this is a tax imposed on the value of property that is typically based on the local government's valuation of the property.

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51 Adaptation of items 鉴定附属物如何装订

52 Adapting works 改装工程

53 Addition & Alteration (A&A)

增建与修改 Restored buildings refers to conservation buildings where A&A works have been carried out to restore them in accordance to prevailing conservation guidelines. A Certificate of Statutory Completion (CSC) clearance for the A&A works has also been issued by URA for the building.

54 Additional Buyer’s Stamp Duty (ABSD)

额外买方印花税 to be paid by certain profiles of people who buy or acquire residential properties (including residential land). The new ABSD is payable by affected buyers at fixed rates on the actual price paid or market value of the property whichever is the higher.

55 Additional CPF Housing Grant (AHG)

额外公积金购屋津贴 an additional subsidy over and above the prevailing CPF Housing Grant for Family.

56 Address 地址 / 住址 a code and abstract concept expressing a location on the Earth's surface

57 Ad-hoc 格外的 / 特地的 / 专门的 for the special purpose or end presently under consideration

58 Adjacent property 毗邻产业, 如两栋相近的独立

式洋房

Property that is close to, although not actually touching, another piece of property

59 Adjoining property 邻接的产业 / 相连产业, 如一

对半独立式洋房

Property that shares a common border, is contiguous, and touching

60 Adjourn 延期 / 押后 (会议或听审日期

)

Act of postponing a closing for another day or place. Adjournments of closing can occur for a variety of reasons including the lack of an appropriate closing statement, one or more parties being unable to be present, or an irregularity in the title report or credit check. If both parties agree to the adjournment, the closing may be rescheduled. In the event of a cancellation, the purchase contract may be jeopardized, dependent in par on the cancellation clause.

61 Adjudication / Adjudge

裁决 Formal decision by a court of a law in an action brought before it, the court reaches a final determination for all parties in the case before it.

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62 Adjudication fee 裁定费 / 审裁费 is payable according to the Fourth Schedule of the Stamp Duties Act (Cap 312)

63 Adjudication of insolvency

裁定无力偿还债务 / 判入穷

籍

64 Adjudicator 审裁员 someone who presides, judges and arbitrates during a formal disputes.

65 Adjustable rate mortgage

变动贷款利率 A mortgage loan which bears interest at a rate subject to change during the term of the loan.

66 Adjusted gross income

调整后总收入 Federal tax term applicable to the difference between the taxpayer’s gross income and adjustments to income.

67 Adjuster 核算人 Insurance company employee who settles the damage to insured property. The insured is contacted, the property is assessed, a valuation is made. The insurance company makes a recommended amount of reimbursement.

68 Adjustments in appraisal

房屋估价调整 Changes in the value of a subject property based on the value of a comparable property.

69 Administer 管理 / 管制 / 实施 Be responsible for the implementation or use of (law or resources)

70 Administrative fee 行政费 Usually stated as a percentage of assets under management or as a fixed annual dollar amount

71 Administrator 遗产管理人 / 破产管理人 /

管理人 / 行政人员

A person appointed by the Court to settle the estate of a person who dies without a will. The feminine form is Administratrix.

72 Administrator of estate

遗产管理人 is a legal term referring to a person appointed by a court to administer the estate of a deceased person who left no will.

73 Admissibility of evidence

可接纳的证据 evidence which the trial judge finds is useful in helping the trier of fact (a jury if there is a jury, otherwise the judge), and which cannot be objected to on the basis that it is irrelevant, immaterial, or violates the rules against hearsay and other objections.

74 Admonish / admonition

训诫 / 斥责 An act or action of admonishing; authoritative counsel or warning.

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75 Adverse credit 不良信用 characterized by late payments or nonpayments.

76 Adverse gearing 贷款逆差 borrowing funds to your venture of house purchase.

77 Adverse possession 通过占用他人土地在法律上

索求所有权

A claim made against land titled to another person based on open, notorious and hostile possession and use of the land to the exclusion of the titled owner.

78 Adversely affect 不利影响

79 Advertise / Advertisement

广告宣传 / 广告 an encapsulated communication about a product (good/services), a clearly designed, concise, aesthetically appealing and content-wise accurate communiqué intended to effectively persuade the target audience(viewers/listeners/readers) to arrive at a decision as desired by the advertiser often concerning the product (goods/service).

80 Advertisement sign 广告招牌

81 Advertising 宣传 a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to continue or take some new action.

82 Advertising ethics 广告操守

83 Advice 忠告 / 劝告 an official notification, especially one pertaining to a business agreement

84 Advisory committee on Street Names

街名顾问委员会

85 Aerobics room 健身室

86 Aesthetic value 美感的价值 Value added to property because of its intrinsic artistic, beautiful, and favored location

87 Affect 影响, 如周围环境影响产业的

价值

To have an influence on or effect a change in

88 Affidavit 供词 / 宣誓口供 Written statement or declaration, made under oath before a licensed individual, such as a notary public.

89 Affirm / Affirmation 确证 / 宣誓 To confirm, ratify, verify, and accept a transaction that can be canceled. / A declaration that a certain set of facts are truthful.

90 Affix 加盖 / 张贴 / 钉上 / 附加上 to attach physically

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91 Affordable housing 负担能力范围内的房屋 a term used to describe dwelling units whose total housing costs for either rented or purchased unit, are deemed affordable to those that have a median household income.

92 After-sale service 售后服务 the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase

93 Age of building / Property age

楼龄 / 屋龄

94 Agency (一) 经纪代理行 / (二) 经纪与

委托人在法律上的关系

A relationship in which the agent is given the authority to act on behalf of another person (Principal).

95 Agency by Agreement

由签定契约形成的经纪代理

协约

a legal contract creating a fiduciary relationship whereby the first party ("the principal") agrees that the actions of a second party ("the agent") binds the principal to later agreements made by the agent as if the principal had himself personally made the later agreements.

96 Agency by Estoppels 由法律上‘禁止翻供’形成的经

纪代理协约

Legally binding agency relationship that may arise where, in fact, no formal agency agreement is in effect.

97 Agency by Ratification

因屋主接受买卖合约而形成

的经纪代理协约

A situation in which a person or company inaccurately claims to be an agent for another person or company and conducts some act in that capacity, but which the principal (who is not actually a principal) later accepts and recognizes.

98 Agency coupled with an Interest

经纪代理同时拥有产业的股

份

when an agent has possession or control of the property of his principal and possesses a legal rights against interference by third parties

99 Agency fees 代理佣金 the percentage or fixed fee paid to the Estate Agent if they sell your property for you

100 Agency relationship 经纪与屋主之间的合约关系 A relationship in which a principal engages an agent to perform some service on his or her behalf; this involves delegating authority by the principal.

101 Agent 经纪代理行 Individual having the authority to act on the behalf of another and represent his or her business interests.

102 Agent commission agreement

经纪佣金合约

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103 Agent’s commission 经纪佣金

104 Agent’s duties 经纪的职责 the agent is responsible to act in the best interests of their client.

105 Aggrieved party 起诉人 / 受害一方 An individual who is entitled to commence a lawsuit against another because his or her legal rights have been violated.

106 Agreement 协议 / 合约 Contractual agreement between a seller and a buyer for a future sale

107 Agricultural land 农地 / 农业用地 Property zoned and used for farming including the raising of crops and livestock.

108 Agricultural tenancy 农地租约 Renting agricultural land or property

109 Agricultural use 农业用途

110 Air pollution 空气污染 the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

111 Air rights 空间所有权, 领空权 The right to the air space above the real property.

112 Air shaft 通风井 a shaft for ventilation, especially in a mine or tunnel

113 Air space 空间 / 领空 the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory, including its territorial waters or, more generally, any specific three-dimensional portion of the atmosphere.

114 Air-con ledge 冷气机平台

115 Air-conditioner 冷气机 / 空调设备 a home appliance, system, or mechanism designed to dehumidify and extract heat from an area

116 Air-handling unit room

风柜房 a big air cooling machine which supplies cooled air to the room via air ducts and supply air grilles and air diffusers

117 Alienate / Alienation 转让屋契 Voluntary and purposeful conveyance of property from one person to another through the transfer of title and possession.

118 Alienation by State 政府售地

119 Alienation Clause 屋契转让条款 Stipulation in a contractual agreement

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either allowing or forbidding the right to transfer property from one person to another.

120 Alienation restriction

转让限制

121 Alley 后巷 / 小巷 A narrow passageway between buildings providing secondary rear access

122 Allotment of share value

分配附属土地的股份

123 Alter / Alteration 屋子结构上的修改或改建 to make different without changing into something else

124 Aluminium window 铝窗 Wooden windows with aluminum covering the exterior.

125 Amalgamation of land

土地合拼

126 Amendment 更改 / 修订 / 修改合约 A change to the correct or alteration to the original document/agreement without changing its principal essence.

127 Amendment of draft plan

草图修订

128 Amendment plan 修订图

129 Amenities 便利设施 / 康乐设备 / 市容

建筑

Those features associated with the location and design primarily of residential property

130 Amenity value 优越设施促成地产的增值 Value added to property from its associated amenities.

131 Amortisation 分期摊还 / 分期偿还 The periodic principal pay down of a loan.

132 Amount of commission

佣金数额

133 Ancestral property 祖业

134 Anchor tenant 支柱租户 / 重点租户 Major tenant, such as a nationally known department store, in a shopping center who determines the success or failure of the center’s ability to attract shoppers and helps the secondary tenants succeed.

135 Ancillary car park 附属停车场 Means car parking facilities provided in direct connection with the main use for and open only to the occupants, or residents of, or visitors to a place or building where the main use is located.

136 Ancillary commercial facilities

附属商业设施

137 Ancillary office 附属办公室, 如在工厂内的办

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公室

138 Ancillary uses 辅助用途 a subsidiary use connected to the main use of a building or piece of land.

139 Ancillary worker’s dormitory

附属工人宿舍 House on-site workers

140 ‘and/or nominee’ 与/和提名者 (一起接受认购

权)

clause that is found in investment property contracts and business contracts.

141 Annex 附录 / 附属建筑物 to attach, append, or add, especially to something larger or more important.

142 Annexation 建筑附属物 Legal process by which a municipality expands its territory to include part of an adjacent unincorporated area

143 Annexure 附录 is a term substituted in some legal documents for Appendix

144 Annoyance 滋扰 / 烦扰 an unpleasant mental state that is characterized by such effects as irritation and distraction from one's conscious thinking.

145 Annual property tax bills

年度产业税单

146 Annual return 年度报表 / 年度申报表 / 年

度报税表格

The return an investment provides over a period of time, expressed as a time-weighted annual percentage.

147 Annual statement 年度报表 a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year

148 Annual Value (AV) 产业年值 The estimated annual rent of your property if it were to be rented out, excluding the furniture, furnishings and maintenance fees. It is determined after analyzing the rents of similar or comparable properties. The basis of determining the AV is the same whether the property is rented out, owner-occupied or left vacant.

149 Annul 废止 / 取消售卖 / 取消合约 To abolish, cancel, do away with, eliminate, invalidate, or make null and void.

150 Annulment of contract

取消合约

151 Anticipation 期待 realization in advance

152 Anti-skid facilities 防滑设施

153 Apartment 私人公寓 Multi-family housing complex of rental apartments managed by either the property owner or a resident manager

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154 Apartments block/building

私人公寓大厦 Unit of one or more rooms usually connected to a multifamily complex of similar units; however it can also be the only unit constructed within a single family home.

155 Aperture 通气孔 / 通风井 is a hole or an opening through which light travels

156 Apparent authority 非实际的权力 /表面的权力 refers to a situation where a reasonable person would understand that an agent had authority to act

157 Appeal 上诉 (指纪律委员会的判决) /

吸引力 (指屋子)

a petition for review of a case that has been decided by a court of law

158 Appeal board 上诉局 is constituted under Section 55 of the Administration of Muslim Law Act (AMLA) to hear appeals from decision of the Syariah Court, Kadi or Naib Kadi.

159 Appeal process 上诉程序 The losing party in a decision by a trial court in the federal system normally is entitled to appeal the decision to a federal court of appeals. Similarly, a litigant who is not satisfied with a decision made by a federal administrative agency usually may file a petition for review of the agency decision by a court of appeals

160 Append / appended 附上 / 添上 / 加上 to join or add on to the end of something

161 Applicable Law 适用法律 / 相关法律 Statute, ordinance, judicial decision, executive order, or a regulation having the force and effect of law, that determines the legal standing of a case or issue

162 Applicants (HDB) 组屋申请者

163 Appoint / Appointment

委任 Assign a job or role to (someone)

164 Appointment of agent

委任经纪代理

165 Appointment of attorney

授权法律代表

166 Apportion 分割 / 分润 / 分配 Segregating property into individual parcels by tenants in common.

167 Apportionment account

分摊帐目

168 Apportionment of outgoings

开支的分摊

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169 Apportionment of sales

卖屋所得金额的分润

170 Appraisal 产业估价 An estimate of the value of property, made by a qualified professional called an "appraiser."

171 Appreciation 屋价或地价的增涨 Increase in the value of real estate.

172 Appreciation of land value

土地增值 the increase in value of a property over time due to inflation, supply and demand, capital improvements and other factors.

173 Appropriate 适当的 / 合适的 suitable or fitting for a particular purpose, person, occasion,

174 Appropriate advice 适当的建议

175 Appropriate qualifiers

适当的澄清与说明

176 Approval-in-Principle (AIP)

原则上批准 an approved loan amount given by the Bank based on the credit report and affordability of the borrower. It is not a binding document and is subject to the property valuation and other checks in the application process. It is typically valid for 45 days.

177 Approved building project

已被批准的建筑计划或项目

178 Approved land use zoning plan

核准土地用途分区图则

179 Approved purchaser 获得许可证的外国买家 (有

地房产)

180 Appurtenance 地产的附属物或附带权利 Anything attached to the land or used with it passing to the new owner

181 Arbitration 仲裁 Process where a grievance or contract dispute is referred to an impartial arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators for the purpose of arriving at a mutually acceptable solution, avoiding the necessity of a judicial settlement.

182 Arcade 有盖走廊 / 拱廊商场 Arches, either roofed or open, mounted on a series of pillars to form a passageway or walkway.

183 Architect 建筑师 An individual, educated, trained, and licensed in the principles of designing structures, and rendering drawings, specifications, bidding requirements.

184 Area 面积 Two-dimensional, circumscribed space having measurable dimensions.

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185 Area preference 投资者对某优质地段的偏爱

186 Arm’s-length transaction

彼此独立公平的交易 Transaction between unrelated entities or individuals acting in their own interest.

187 Arrears 拖欠的款项 Late or overdue payment. Payments which are in default.

188 Arrears of rent / Rent in arrears

欠租 This legal term refers to any rent that is still owed the landlord after the due date.

189 Arrears of wages 欠付工资

190 Articles of Association

组织章程 / 组织细则 simply referred to as articles (and are often capitalized as an abbreviation for the full term)

191 ‘As is where is’ basis / condition

以待售屋子的现状为基准 The purchase or sale of a property in its existing condition.

192 Ascertain 求证 / 确定 / 查明 to find out definitely

193 Asking price 要价 / 叫价 The price that an owner would like to receive which is also called list or listing price

194 Asking rent 租金要价 The list price for rent.

195 Assent 允许 / 同意 The expression of approval or agreement

196 Assess 评估 / 鉴定产业市值 to estimate officially the value of (property, etc.) as a basis for taxation.

197 Assess value 估价 / 估定价值 A valuation placed upon a piece of property by a public authority as a basis for leaving taxes on the property.

198 Assessable value 估定税值

199 Assessed market value

估定市值

200 Assessed rent 估定租金

201 Assessment 估价 A local tax levied against a property for a specific purpose, such as a sewer or street lights

202 Assessor 估价师 Governmental representative charged with the responsibility of officially evaluating real property for ad valorem taxation purposes.

203 Asset 资产 Economic resource that is anticipated to provide benefits to a business.

204 Asset based loans 用资产抵押的贷款 is a loan, often for a short term, secured by a company's assets

205 Asset enhancement 资产增值 No one can guarantee that investments under the CPF Investment Scheme will

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always be profitable. CPF members have to decide for themselves how to invest their savings, and what risks to accept, and exercise prudence and care in investing their CPF savings to ensure their financial well-being after retirement. If they are not confident of investing on their own, they should leave their money in their CPF account which earns interest and is risk-free.

206 Assets and liabilities 资产与负债 An asset is anything of value that your company owns — including cash. / Anything a company owes to people or businesses other than its owners is considered a liability.

207 Assign 转让地产使用权 To transfer interest.

208 Assignee 承接转让的第三买方或租户 One who receives an assignment or transfer of rights. An assignment of a contract transfers the right to buy property.

209 Assignment 转让契 Total transfer of one’s rights under a real estate contract to another.

210 Assignment of lease 租契转让 may be executed in a situation where an existing landlord assigns all the tenancy rights to the new owner who has purchased the property subject to tenancy.

211 Assignment of Option

转让‘购买权’ A real estate purchase option is a document that gives someone the right to purchase a piece of property at a fixed price during the term that the real estate purchase option is in effect.

212 Assignment of Sale & Purchase (S&P) Agreement

转让买卖合约 a written contract signed between the buyer and seller stating amongst others, the terms and conditions under which a property will be sold. The Sale and Purchase Agreement usually are done by solicitors.

213 Assignor 转让人 / 出让‘购买权’的原先

买主

The one who assigns to another person.

214 Associate agreement

经纪合约 / 经纪与代理行之

间的合约

215 Associates 合作伙伴 A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business

216 Association 协会 / 社团 / 联营组织 roups of individuals who voluntarily

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enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose

217 Assume 假定 / 接受 / 承担 / 担任 To undertake or take on a responsibility or duty.

218 Assume responsibilities

承担责任

219 Assumption of responsibilities

承担责任 the doctrine that an individual has substantial or total responsibility for the events and circumstances that befall them in their personal life, to a substantially greater degree than is normally thought.

220 Assurance 保证 / 保险 Giving of a promise or guarantee to the receiver to instill confidence.

221 Atrium 中庭 / 正厅 / 门廊 Originally a rectangular room with roof open to the sky and acting as the central, most important room in Roman architectural home design. By the third century B.C. the atrium house had become overwhelmingly popular in Italy. Its use gradually declined under the Roman Empire, when it was replaces by garden houses.

222 Attach / attachment 附上(条件) / 加上或装上(附

属物)

Seizure of property through Court process to repay a debt

223 Attached to 附连 / 附于 joined to or by a wall, especially by sharing a wall with another building; not freestanding:

224 Attest 核签证实 / 供词 / 作证 Formal statement by an auditor, after thorough examination and consideration, as to whether a real estate company’s financial statements fairly present financial position and operating results.

225 Attestation Clause 宣誓声明条款 Provision at the end of a document, such as a will, wherein the witnesses sign that the instrument has been executed before them.

226 Attic 屋子顶楼与天花板之间的阁

楼

Accessible room or space between the roof rafters and ceiling joists of a structure

227 Attorney 授权人 / 授权律师 An individual who has been admitted to practice law in his/her state. He or she is approved to represent clients, and can conduct the usual activities, such as drafting legal documents,

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providing legal advise, and representing clients in courts, regulatory agencies, and other entities.

228 Attributable 把(某事)归因于… / 追溯起因 caused by something

229 Attribute 特征 / 把(某事)归究于…某原

因或某人

A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something

230 Auction 公开拍卖 The firm and time defined sale of real property by competitive bid.

231 Auctioneer 拍卖人

232 Audited accounts 审计帐目 / 经审计的帐目 An official examination and verification of financial records and accounts for the purpose of proving their accuracy, and the adequacy of accounting controls.

233 Authorisation 授权 a document giving an official instruction or command

234 Authorise 授权 give or delegate power or authority to

235 Authorised architect 核准建筑师 obtain authorisation for the related disciplines of architecture, regional planning or landscape architecture

236 Authorised person 认可人士 / 获授权人 Who is formally and properly empowered to perform specified duties associated with an office or an agreement or contract

237 Authority 特准 / 授权文件 / 权限 / 权力

依据 / 当局

the power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes; jurisdiction; the right to control, command, or determine.

238 Available 可用的/ 现在有的 readily obtainable

239 Available Housing Withdrawal Available Housing Withdrawal Limit (AHWL)

所能提出的公积金顶限 ensures that members have at least the Minimum Sum cash component set aside for retirement.

240 Average monthly income

平均每月收入

241 Average yearly rent 平均每年租金

242 Aviation easement 对领空使用权的限制 An easement over private property near an airport that limits the height of structures and trees.

243 Award 判给 / 裁决 / 偿金 An official public announcement that the department will loan or grant an

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amount of money to a particular recipient for a specific purpose.

244 Awning 凉篷 Rooflike cover that extends over any place to provide shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.

B

245 Back office 后勤办公室 Refers to the activities of a firm that are necessary to its functioning but are not directly part of production, such as accounting. Such activities, despite the name that suggests a location behind the shop or shop floor, are increasingly done at remote locations, including in other countries, as business process outsourcing.

246 Back tax 税务局向纳税人追讨漏报的

税额与其所累计的利息

are taxes owed for years prior to the current tax year.

247 Bad debt 因无法讨回而被债主报销的

坏帐

Accounts receivable that will likely remain uncollectable and will be written off. Bad debts appear as an expense on the company's income statement, thus reducing net income.

248 Bailiff 法庭令执行官 A person who is employed to obtain payment of a debt whether by removal, or threatened removal of goods.

249 Balance 余额 To offset or counteract.

250 Balance of deposit 订金余额 the amount of deposit left after your initial deposit

251 Balance of purchase price

买价余额

252 Balance of sales proceeds

售屋所得余额

253 Balance sheet 资产负债表 A quantitative summary of a company's financial condition at a specific point in time, including assets, liabilities and net worth. The first part of a balance sheet shows all the productive assets a company owns, and the second part shows all the financing methods (such as liabilities and shareholders' equity).

254 Balcony 阳台 platform with a wall or rail built onto the outside wall of a building and reached from an upstairs room

255 Balloting exercise 房屋抽签计划 vying for existing units with other interested parties, much like an auction

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256 Bank account holder 银行帐户持有人 Individual or entity which is authorized to perform transactions on behalf of an account, such as a bank account. Authorization is provided through signatures placed on file with the bank or company managing the account.

257 Bank cashier order 银行本票 a draft payable on demand drawn by a bank upon itself

258 Bank draft 银行汇票 A type of check where the payment is guaranteed to be available by issuing bank. Typically, banks will review the bank draft requester's account to see if sufficient funds are available for the check to clear. Once it has been confirmed that sufficient funds are available, the bank effectively sets aside the funds from the person's account to be given out when the bank draft is used.

259 Bank repayment statement

银行还款表

260 Bank statement 银行结单 / 报表 a statement issued by a bank in respect of any client account, conveyancing account or conveyancing (CPF) account maintained at such bank, and includes a statement issued by an approved finance company in respect of a client account maintained at such finance company

261 Bank’s consent 银行同意书

262 Banker 银行家 / 银行执行人员

is a trader who buys money, or money and debts, by creating other debts, which he does with his credit - exchanging for a debt payable in the future one payable on demand.

263 Banker’s Guarantee 银行保证书 represents a commitment by the guarantor to pay a sum of money in the event of a demand from the beneficiary, usually arising when the applicant is unable to perform his part of the obligations of the contract or where the beneficiary suffers loss or damage

264 Banking facility 银行融资 / 银行服务

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265 Banking Secrecy 银行客户机密 One of the conditions of the relationship between a bank and its customers is that the customers' dealings and financial affairs will be treated as confidential. This rule, however, does not apply to the customers' credit information which is shared rather freely among lending institutions. Also, due to certain laws (such as anti-terrorist and anti drug-trade legislation) and tax treaties between nations, banks must release specific information to help fight terrorism and illegal drug trade, and prevent tax-evasion and money laundering.

266 Bankruptcy 破产 The legal process that a person or firm goes through if they are unable to pay their debts. The process seeks an orderly sharing of the losses by creditors and a chance to start fresh, usually after some delay, for the debtor. No such process exists for national governments or countries, exacerbating the problems of debt crisis and financial crisis.

267 Bankruptcy Notice 破产通知书 is a document sent from the bankruptcy court to the debtor’s creditors—or at least all the creditors which debtor has informed the court of

268 Bankruptcy Petition 破产申请 / 破产申请书 Application by a debtor (or his or her creditors) to a court to declare the debtor bankrupt. On courts approval, the debtor's assets are sold off (liquidated) and the proceeds are equitably distributed among the creditors.

269 Banner 布条广告 A long strip of cloth bearing a slogan or design, hung in a public place or carried in a demonstration or procession.

270 Barbecue pit 烧烤炉 a pit where wood or charcoal is burned to make a bed of hot coals suitable for barbecuing meat

271 Bare license 一般的个人土地使用权, 如受

邀入屋

refers to the authority given to a person to enter another's property for that person's benefit

272 Bare shell 空无一物的屋子 is a commercial or residential building

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with an unfinished interior and lacking heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), and usually without lighting, plumbing, ceilings, elevators, or interior walls

273 Bargaining power 指一方讲价时所占的优势 In negotiating, capacity of one party to dominate the other due to its influence, power, size, or status, or through a combination of different persuasion tactics.

274 Barrister 诉讼律师 is a counselor who is learned in law and who has been admitted to plead at the bar. A barrister drafts the pleadings in all cases, with the exception of the simplest ones

275 Base rate 基本利率 A face, quoted, dollar amount representing the rate or rent in dollars per square foot per Year

276 Base rent 每月租金的底线, 另一部分的

租金则是取自租户的

该月生意收入的某个百分比

The minimum rent due to the landlord. Typically, it is a fixed amount. This is a face, quoted, contract amount of periodic rent. The annual base rate is the amount upon which escalations are calculated.

277 Base rent abatement

租金底线因故消减, 如店铺装

修

A reduction in or reprieve from a tax, debt or any other payment obligation. An abatement is sometimes included in a contract, for example abatement of rent in the event that a building is destroyed by fire, flood or other accident

278 Base Year 基准年 The 12 month period upon which a direct expense escalation of rent is based. Typically the calendar year the lease commences.

279 Basement 地下室 / 地底层 is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the ground floor

280 Basic salary 底薪 Your salary before extra money such as bonuses and commission extra money you get when you make a sale is added to it

281 Basis point 基点 A unit that is equal to 1/100th of 1%, and is used to denote the change in a financial instrument.

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282 Bathroom 浴室 a room containing a toilet, a sink, and a bathtub

283 Bay window 窗台 / 凸窗 a window with three sides that project from the exterior of a structure The sides typically meet at either 90° or 45° angles.

284 Beam 横粱 Primary horizontal support for a structure such as a house. It may be a large piece of wood, stone, iron, or other material that lies across the walls, and serves as support of the principle rafters.

285 Bearer 持票人 anyone holding something, such as a check, promissory note, bank draft, or bond

286 Bearing 方位 / 负荷 a support, guide, or locating piece for a rotating or reciprocating mechanical part

287 Bedroom 睡房 / 卧室 a room furnished with beds or used for sleeping

288 Before-tax cash flow 税前现金流量 The sum of the present values of the mortgagor and mortgagee of property.

289 Benchmark 基本准绳 A standard against which the performance of a security, mutual fund or investment manager can be measured. Generally, broad market and market-segment stock and bond indexes are used for this purpose.

290 Beneficial interest 实益权益 Unit of ownership in a real estate investment trust.

291 Beneficial owner 实益权益拥有人 a legal term where specific property rights ("use and title") in equity belong to a person even though legal title of the property belongs to another person

292 Beneficially affect 有利地影响

293 Beneficiary 受益人 / 受惠人如遗产受益

人

Individual who will receive an inheritance upon the death of another. The proceeds of an insurance policy may be in a lump sum annuity. Real estate also passes to the beneficiary.

294 Benefit 利益 An advantage or profit gained from something

295 Bequeath 遗赠 To pass property by will to an heir.

296 Bequest 遗赠 Transfer of personal property via a will as a gift to the recipient.

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297 Best lending rate 最优惠贷款利率

298 Best rent 最高租金 / 最佳租金 The highest rent that can reasonably be expected by a landlord in the circumstances of a particular case

299 Betterment 地产价值因增建或重新改装

而获得提高

The enhanced value of real property arising from local improvements

300 Bid 叫价 / 出价 / 投标 Offering price.

301 Bid price 买价 / 投标价格 / 收购价 Price a buyer is willing to pay, or bid, for a certain piece of property. It is the highest price offered to buy the property. (2) Price per share that shareholders receive when they redeem their shares in a real estate corporation.

302 Bill 招贴 / 单据 / 条例草案 a statement of money owed for goods or services supplied

303 Bill of Exchange 汇票 A non-interest-bearing written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a predetermined future date.

304 Billiard parlour / Billiard saloon

桌球室 a room in which billiards is played

305 Bind / binding 约束 These words are applied to the contract entered into, between a master and an apprentice the latter is said to be bound.

306 Binding agreement 具约束力的协议 denotes an agreement that is legally binding and cannot be broken or violated by either party

307 Binding decision 有约束力的判决 / 裁定 A decision that binds the parties affected by it and that they may not appeal. A binding decision may be the result of arbitration, the appeal to the highest court possible or a decision by a regulatory agency.

308 Binding third party 法律上约束第三方

309 Blind pool 尚未动用的累计资金 / 通指

房地产投资

Limited partnership in which limited partners rely on the general partner to choose specific properties after the funds are available.

310 Block 大厦 / 一座政府组屋 (1) Rectangular area bounded on all sides by consecutive streets. It is part of a platted area. (2) Substantial amount of real estate properties to be

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sold together. (3) Group of houses, apartments, or businesses in one area.

311 Block letting 整幢出租

312 Blueprint 基本建筑设计蓝图 (1) Architectural plan of a structure in the form of a picture in white on a blue background. Contains lines and solids shapes and aids in the planning, outlining, and construction of a building. (2) Guide to follow in performing some act.

313 Board of Directors 董事局 Group of individuals elected by a real estate company’s stockholders to run the firm in accord with the corporate charter. The board is appointed by senior management and usually is comprised of top management executives and external representatives. The board has substantial influence over the policies of the companies business.

314 Board rate 现行利率 Accommodation rate that includes one night's stay and meals.

315 Board resolution 董事会决议 legal term; a formal, written decision of a company’s board of directors

316 Body corporate / corporation

协会团体 / 公司 (非盈利) A company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

317 Bona fide 真实的 / 有诚意的 A Latin term meaning “in good faith,” without deceit such as with the sale of a real estate property.

318 Bona fide mortgage 真诚抵押

319 Bona fide purchaser 真诚的买家 Buyer who is acting in good faith, is not aware of any outstanding claims or rights of others to the property, and has given valuable consideration as part of the business transaction.

320 Bona fide transaction

真诚交易

321 Bond 债券 / 国债 A debt investment in which an investor loans money to an entity (corporate or governmental) that borrows the funds for a defined period of time at a fixed interest rate. Bonds are used by companies, municipalities, states and U.S. and foreign governments to

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finance a variety of projects and activities.

322 Bond net lease 一个规定由租户付税, 付保养

费与保险费的租约

Lease where, in addition to the rent, the lessee pays the taxes, insurance, and maintenance. As a guarantee for the lessor, the lessee posts a bond payment equivalent to one year’s tax, insurance, and maintenance payment

323 Bonus share 红股 Free shares of stock given to current shareholders, based upon the number of shares that a shareholder owns. While this stock action increases the number of shares owned, it does not increase the total value. This is due to the fact that since the total number of shares increases, the ratio of number of shares held to number of shares outstanding remains constant.

324 Book value 帐面价值 / 股本净值 Net worth of property as shown on the balance sheet. It equals gross cost less accumulated depreciation. Because book value is based on historical cost it differs from market value.

325 Booking fee 定金, 尤其指购买新建私人住

宅 / 预订费

This fee may be charged on specific products and is either payable in advance, added to the loan or deducted from the advance on completion. It is normally payable in order to reserve funds when a product is likely to sell out quickly

326 Boom 指地产周期里的繁荣期 (1) Sudden and dramatic increase in activity or prices. (2) Rapid economic prosperity.

327 Borrower 借款人 / 借用人 An individual, organization or company that is using funds, materials or services on credit.

328 Borrower’s covenants

借贷人在合约中所作的承诺 The rules on a loan agreement that require certain financial conditions be met or prohibit other financial actions

329 Boundary 在两间屋子之间自然或人为

的分界

something that indicates the farthest limit, as of an area

330 Boundary wall 边界墙 A wall on the outermost perimeter of a Maze, that has a passage on one side of it and area that is no longer part of the Maze on the other side.

331 Boutique hotels 精品酒店, 也指由保留产业改 Small but exclusive property that caters

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装成的小酒店 to the affluent clientele with an exceptional level of service at premium prices

332 Brand 品牌 / 商标 / 品质 is a name and/or a symbol that uniquely identifies a seller's goods or services in the market

333 Branding exercise 为品牌造势 The process involved in creating a unique name and image for a product in the consumers' mind, mainly through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme.

334 Breach of contract 违反合约 / 没有履行合约 Failure, without sufficient reason, for one or both parties to perform the terms of a real estate contract. Breach requires unequivocal, decisive, and absolute refusal to carry out the agreement.

335 Breach of contractual terms

违反合约的条款

Violation of any of the agreed-upon terms and conditions of a binding contract.

336 Breach of covenants 违反在合约中所作的承诺

Violation of an express, or implied, condition of a contract to do or not to do something.

337 Breach of duty 不履行责任

Failure to satisfy ethical, legal, or moral obligations, specially where someone has a corresponding right to demand the satisfaction.

338 Breach of lease / tenancy conditions

违反租契 / 批地条件 / 违反

租约条件

occurs when a tenant does something prohibited by the lease or fails to do something required by the lease.

339 Breach of planning conditions

违反规划条件

340 Breach of trust 违反信托 is a trustee’s failure to act in accordance with the terms of the trust or the trustee’s general fiduciary obligations

341 Break even 盈亏平衡 (1) Occupancy rate at which rental income of a property pays for operating expenses and debt service, leaving no residual cash flow. (2) The level of sales of a real estate business where total revenue equals total costs. There is no profit or loss.

342 Break lease Clause 解约条款

343 Break-away unit 不愿意参与集体出售计划的

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有地住屋屋主

344 Bridging loan 指为期最长六个月的过渡期

房屋贷款

A short-term loan that is used until a person or company secures permanent financing or removes an existing obligation. This type of financing allows the user to meet current obligations by providing immediate cash flow.

345 Broker 经纪的另一称呼 Person licensed by a state to perform real estate activities listed for compensation on behalf of both buyers and sellers.

346 Bubble 经济泡沫 / 房地产泡沫 A surge in equity prices, often more than warranted by the fundamentals and usually in a particular sector, followed by a drastic drop in prices as a massive selloff occurs.

347 Budget 财政预算或买房产时所备资

金

is a financial document used to project future income and expenses

348 Buffer 两栋建筑物之间或其与马路

之间的距离

Strip of land that separates one land use from another.

349 Builder bond 建筑商所发的债券 Debentures issued to the public by home builders to finance a housing development that are backed by the mortgages of home buyers within the development.

350 Builder warranty 建筑商对发展商所承诺的维

修担保期限

Limited-time warranty against defects, offered by builders to new home purchasers. Normally effective for a relatively short period of time, such as one or two years.

351 Builder’s lien 建筑商对屋主的合法索求, 如

屋主拖欠的建筑费

A statutory charge against real property by those who have contributed material or manpower to its improvement.

352 Building and Construction Authority (BCA)

建设局

is an agency under the Ministry of National Development, championing the development of an excellent built environment for Singapore

353 Building control 建筑监管组

Duty of an entity (such as a building inspector, to whom the responsibility has been delegated by an agency of government) to ensure through periodic inspection that the construction work on a site is according to the plan and meets the applicable

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requirements.

354 Building cost 建筑成本

355 Building covenant 建筑规约 / 契诺

356 Building coverage 建筑物有盖面积

357 Building density 建筑物容积率

Concentration of buildings in a given geographic area.

358 Building height limit 建筑物的高度限制

refers to a building’s elevation as measured from the curb level or base plane to the roof of the building (except for permitted obstructions, such as elevator bulkheads).

359 Building intensity 建筑物密度

Expressed as floor area ratio, which is the amount of building square feet in relation to the size of the lot.

360 Building licence 建筑许可证 / 建筑牌照 / 建

屋牌照

a document authorizing the holder to construct a building of a particular kind on a particular lot

361 Building line 建筑物与外界 (如马路或另

一建筑物) 的界线

Distances from the ends and/or sides of the lot beyond which construction may not extend.

362 Building mortgage / Building legal charge

建筑贷款与抵押

363 Building names / numbers

由国内税务局所决定的建筑

物名称与号码

364 Building plan 建筑蓝图

scale drawing of a structure

365 Building setback 建筑物与其围墙必须保持的

一段缩进距离 / 也指建

筑物与马路必须保持的一段

缩进距离

Municipal ordinance stating the distance from a curb or property line where the building of a structure is prohibited. Also states the distances from a boundary line where construction is permitted.

366 Building surveyor 建筑测量师

Provide professional advice on all aspects of property and construction. They work on the design and development of new buildings as well as the restoration and maintenance of existing ones.

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367 Building unit 建筑单位 A unit (such as a building brick or a structural clay tile), the specifications for which include measures of its durability, strength, and other structural characteristics, but not the specifications related to its appearance.

368 Building works 建筑工程 means work for or in connection with the construction

369 Build-to-Order (BTO) (HDB)

预购组屋销售制度

is custom made for a specific customer according to what the customer requests

370 Built-in area 屋内净面积 Permanent fixture or appliance which is not intended to be portable and cannot easily be removed.

371 Built-up area 屋内总面积 Approach to determining a capitalization rate for use in valuating property so as to arrive at a suitable purchase price. To the risk free interest rate is added a risk premium to cover the greater risk.

372 Bulk letting 整批出租

373 Bundle of rights 土地所有权 Those legal rights that are a part of the ownership of property. These rights include the rights to occupy and use, peaceful enjoyment, bequeath, construct a structure, lease, sell, mine, and improve.

374 Bungalow 独立式洋房 A low house, with a broad front porch, having either no upper floor or upper rooms set in the roof, typically with dormer windows.

375 Burial ground / plot 墓地 cemetery: a tract of land used for burials

376 Bus bay 巴士停车处 a special zone on the side of the main roadway (or bus/tram lane) for primarily buses to stop for a designated bus stop in order to pick up and drop off passengers.

377 Bus depot 巴士厂 a terminal that serves bus passengers

378 Bus terminal 巴士总站 a terminal that serves bus passengers

379 Business address 业务 / 营业地址 the address at which a business is located

380 Business card 名片 A small card printed with one's name, professional occupation, company position, business address, etc.

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381 Business day 交易日 / 工作天 Standard days when an organization is open and conducts business. Business days exclude weekends and holidays.

382 Business name 营业名称 / 商业名称 s the name which a business trades under for commercial purposes, although its registered, legal name, used for contracts and other formal situations, may be another.

383 Business parks 供指定商业用途的新一代’商

业工业园’

An area where company offices and light industrial premises are built

384 Business Registration Certificate

商业登记证 A legal document that grants you the right to operate a business in your city. Depending on your business, there are other licenses that may also be required.

385 Business registration number

商业登记号码

386 Business turnover 营业额

387 ‘But for’ test 民事诉讼中追究起因的其中

一种测试

is a doctrine which states that causation exists only when the result would not have occurred without the accused party’s conduct

388 Buttress 扶助墙 A projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall.

389 Buy-back Scheme (HDB)

建屋发展局向现有屋主买回

组屋. 现已被 ‘部分剩余

屋契回购计划’所取代

is a monetization option introduced by Singapore to help elderly households in three-room or smaller flats unlock their housing equity to meet their retirement needs

390 Buyer 买方

Party which acquires, or agrees to acquire, ownership (in case of goods), or benefit or usage (in case of services), in exchange for money or other consideration under a contract of sale

391 Buyer’s agents 买方经纪 A real estate agent employed to work in the best interests of a buyer in a real estate transaction.

392 Buyer’s eligibility 符合建屋与发展局条规的买

方

393 Buyer’s market 有利于买方的市场状况 Market situation in the housing industry in which a buyer has strong position. There may be few buyers and many sellers. Since a buyer may negotiate better prices and terms.

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394 Buyer’s Stamp Duty 买方印花税

395 Buying from an administrator

向遗产管理人购买其管理的

房产

396 Buying power 购买力 (1) Financial ability and soundness of a business or individual to afford the purchase of property. (2) Worth of the dollar in real terms considering inflation.

397 By descent 继承 the rules of inheritance established by law in cases in which there is no will naming the persons to receive the possessions of a person who has died

398 By parol 以口头形式 spoken evidence given in court by a witness

399 By post 以邮递方式

400 By-laws 共管公寓住宅区内的内部条

规

Regulatory rules that have to be followed by the organization in conducting its activities.

C

401 Cabinet 衣柜 / 橱柜 General term describing interior wood finish work performed by cabinetmakers instead of carpenters.

402 Cadastral map 标明土地之间的分界线的地

籍图

Map within a governmental jurisdiction showing the boundary lines and ownership of all real property.

403 Cadastral survey 制定地籍图之前所做的测量 Performance of a complete inventory of real property within a jurisdiction.

404 Café 餐厅 / 茶座 / 咖啡座 an establishment which focuses on serving coffee

405 Cafeteria 餐厅 / 茶座 / 咖啡座 is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service

406 Calendar month 指一个月 one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

407 Call (bank call) 银行催收还款

408 Call deposit 通知存款 / 通知补仓 refers to a specific type of interest bearing investment account that allows a person to withdraw their money from the account without a penalty. In many cases the money can be withdrawn from a Call Deposit account without prior notification to the bank.

409 Cancellation Clause 给予租户提前解约的条款 Contractual provision describing the terms under which coverage may be terminated. An insured or insurer may

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cancel a policy before its expiration date. Generally, a written notice of cancellation must be sent. The insurance company then refunds a part of the premium as stipulated in the insurance contract.

410 Cancellation of agreement

取消合约 written notice that you are canceling an agreement you have with another party

411 Cap 顶限,比如利息顶限或课税顶

限

A limit on the amount the interest rate or monthly payment can increase in an adjustable-rate mortgage.

412 Capable of remedy 可予补救的

413 Capacity of parties 指签约双方必需具备的先决

条件如合法年龄

Legal competence of parties to be held responsible for the terms of a contract or to be brought into the courts. Those who are under the legal age, are mentally incompetent, or under the influence of a substance do not have legal capacity.

414 Capital 资本 / 资金 Money used to create income, such as funds invested in rental property.

415 Capital appreciation 产业市值的上升 Increase in the value of property. The appreciation may arise for many possible reasons, such as inflation, construction of higher priced homes in the neighborhood, tax incentives, and lower interest rates on mortgages.

416 Capital assets 用于工业生产或产业投资的

资源

Any asset purchased for use in production over long periods of time rather than for resale

417 Capital expenditure 用于促进资产增值的花费或

投资

Outlay for a new fixed asset or an outlay that becomes part of the cost of the cost of an existing fixed asset.

418 Capital gain 变卖资产所得盈利 Profit earned from a sale of real estate.

419 Capital gains tax 资本增值盈利税 A tax placed on the profits from the sale of real estate or investments.

420 Capital improvements

促进资产增值所做的改进工

作, 如装修或增建等

Costs incurred in connection with real property that increase its cost basis or worth, such as a new roof, an additional room, or paneling a room.

421 Capital investment 投入资本或资金 Funds invested in a firm or enterprise for the purposes of furthering its business objectives. Capital investment may also refer to a firm's acquisition of capital assets or fixed assets such as

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manufacturing plants and machinery that is expected to be productive over many years.

422 Capital loss 资产亏损 The loss incurred when a capital asset (investment or real estate) decreases in value. This loss is not realized until the asset is sold for a price that is lower than the original purchase price.

423 Capital outlay 支出 / 花费 / 费用 Payments made in cash or cash equivalents over a period of more than one year. Capital expenditures are used to acquire assets or improve the useful life of existing assets.

424 Capital payment 资金付出

425 Capital recovery 资本回收 How much of an investment made in real estate has been recovered expressed in dollars or in percentage terms.

426 Capital value 资本价值 / 产业市值

427 Capitalisation 用一项产业所能取得的租金

回报来估计其市场价值

A method used to estimate value of a property based on the rate of return on investment.

428 Capitalisation process

一个用某产业的估计租金净

收入来折算其现时市值

的计算

increase in capital

429 Capitalisation rate 上述计算方法中所采用的利

率(期望回报率)

Also called cap rate or income yield. A useful way to compute the rate of return on a real estate investment. It equals the net operating income (NOI) for the first year divided by the total investment. That interest rate that, when applied to the earnings of an investment, determines its market value. The lower the cap rate, the higher the risk to the investor and the higher the asking price. Whether property is overpriced depends on the rate for similar property in the market. There are two drawbacks to this approach: (1) it is based on only the first year’s NOI, and (2) it ignores the appreciation in property value.

430 Car lift 汽车电梯 a device, often powered hydraulically, for raising a vehicle so that the underside is accessible for inspection

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and repair.

431 Car park 停车场 an area or building reserved for parking cars

432 Car parking space 停车位

433 Carbonised copies 副本 A duplicate, as of a letter, made by using carbon paper

434 Cargo handling area 货物装卸区

435 Carriageway 车道 the part of a road along which traffic passes in a single line moving in one direction only

436 Carrying charges 在产业尚未租出或售出之前

业主(或屋主)所需负担

的费用 (如每月维修费)

Cash outlays required to maintain an investment position.

437 Carve out a lot 分割地段

438 Case law 法律案例 System of jurisprudence that is based on court decisions instead of statutes passed by a legislative body. It is based on the principles decided by the courts.

439 Cash component of down-payment

屋价首期付款的现金部分

440 Cash flow 流动现金 / 正数收益 The amount of cash derived over a certain period of time from an income-producing property. The cash flow should be large enough to pay the expenses of the income-producing property (mortgage payment, maintenance, utilities, etc.).

441 Cash outlay 现金支出 the spending or disbursement of money.

442 Cash proceeds 现金收益 Cash realized from a sale or received as a loan, after all commissions, expenses, fees, and taxes are deducted.

443 Cashier’s Order 银行本票 is a cheque issued by the Bank, payable to your designated recipient

444 Cash-over-valuation (COV)

现金溢价 the difference between the resale price and the market value of the flat.

445 Causal link 侵权法定义 - 起因的连锁性 One change in a variable has caused a change in another variable. You can only be reasonably certain of this when you have valid and reliable evidence.

446 Causation 侵权法定义 - 因果关系 / 起

因

key component to establish liability in both criminal and civil law

447 Cause of action 诉因 / 诉讼因由 Legal claim with enough basis in fact to have a lawsuit.

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448 Caveat 指第三方向土地管理局注册

其对某产业的权利或合

法索求

a legal notice to a court or public officer to suspend a certain proceeding until the notifier is given a hearing

449 Caveat Emptor 对买方的 ‘自我承担风险’告

诫

Buyer beware. The buyer must inspect the property and satisfy himself that it is adequate for his needs. The seller is under no obligation to disclose defects but may not actively conceal a known defect or lie if asked.

450 Caveat Vendor 对卖方的 ‘提供保证期’ 告诫 “let the seller beware” that he may be held legally accountable for deficiencies in the property sold.

451 Caveatable interests 可注册的产业权利或合法索

求

452 Caveatee 合法索求所针对的业主 one against whose interest a caveat is entered or filed

453 Caveator 申请对某产业的合法索求者,

如银行

a person who enters a caveat

454 Cease / Determine 终止 Come to an end

455 Ceiling duct 屋顶通气管

456 Ceiling height 屋内地板和天花板之间的距

离

The clear vertical distance from the surface of the finished floor to the ceiling above it.

457 Ceiling slab 天花板

458 Cemetery 坟场 area where the remains of deceased people are buried or are otherwise interred

459 Central air-conditioning system

中央空气调节系统 / 中央冷

气系统

an air conditioning system that uses ducts to distribute cooled and/or dehumidified air to more than one room, or uses pipes to distribute chilled water to heat exchangers in more than one room, and which is not plugged into a standard electrical outlet.

460 Central Provident Fund (CPF)

中央公积金 a compulsory comprehensive savings plan for working Singaporeans and permanent residents primarily to fund their retirement, healthcare and housing needs. It is administered by the Central Provident Fund Board, a statutory board under the Ministry of Manpower. The CPF was started on 1 July 1955.

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461 Central refuse chute 中央垃圾槽 An inclined channel in which refuse can be passed down from the opening of each floor to the central refuse room on the ground floor of a building

462 Certificate of Compliance

合格证明书 (注册公司时需

用到)

A document certified by a competent authority that the supplied good or service meets the required specifications.

463 Certificate of Eligibility

合资格证明书 The document given to qualified veterans which entitles them to VA guaranteed loans for homes, business, and mobile homes. Certificates of eligibility may be obtained by sending DD-214 (Separation Paper) to the local VA office with VA form 1880 (request for Certificate of Eligibility).

464 Certificate of Identity

身份证明书 An international travel document issued by the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority to Singaporean permanent residents who are stateless.

465 Certificate of Incorporation

公司注册证书 a legal document relating to the formation of a company or corporation

466 Certificate of making Interim Judgement of Divorce Final

离婚最后定案 Confirmation of divorce and conclusion of all Court proceedings.

467 Certificate of Statutory Completion (CSC)

建筑竣工合格证书 Temporary Occupation Permit (TOP) and Certificate of Statutory Completion (CSC) are terms commonly used in building works. When the building works are completed, the applicant and the Qualified Person apply to the Commissioner of Building Control for a CSC or TOP. The building can only be occupied when a CSC or TOP is granted.

468 Certificate of Title 有地住宅的正式地契 A Certificate of Title is evident of ownership. The Registrar of the Titles issues a Certificate of Title for a piece of land pursuant to section 8 of the Lands Titles Act. New Certificates of Titles are issued when land are subdivided or amalgamated. This facilitates the transfer of the legal titles.

469 Certified Interpretation Plans

用来更详细解释我国土地发

展总蓝图的个别分区地

A more detailed interpretation and certification of the Master Plan on a

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图 larger scale. The interpretation is carried out upon request by the public.

470 Certified Plans 由市区重建局内的测量组所

批准的合格鉴定书

Depicts land parcels. Information shown in a CP may include bearings, distances, co-ordinates, boundary points, and areas

471 Certified True Copy 经核证为真实的副本 a copy (often a photocopy) of a primary document, that has on it an endorsement or certificate that it is a true copy of the primary document. It does not certify that the primary document is genuine, only that it is a true copy of the primary document.

472 Certify 核证 Attest or confirm in a formal statement

473 Cestui que trust 遗产受益人的另一称呼 Trust beneficiary of an individual who is legally entitled to the property and financial benefits of a trust whose title is in another name.

474 Chain effect 连锁反应 A series of events in which each induces or influences the next.

475 Chain of causation 侵权法定义 - 起因的连锁性 A series of events, each of which was caused by the immediately previous event.

476 Chain of title 地契转让的顺序纪录 The series of transactions from grantor to grantee as evidenced in the land records

477 Change-of-Use 改变用途 A change in the use of land or buildings that is of significance for planning purposes, often requiring planning permission.

478 Changing room 更衣室 is a room or area designated for changing one's clothes

479 Charge 押记, 如第三方对卖屋所获盈

利的合法索求

Demand (an amount) as a price from someone for a service rendered or goods supplied.

480 Chargee 承押记人, 如银行 The person to whom a charge is levied.

481 Charges 收费 Demand (an amount) as a price from someone for a service rendered or goods supplied.

482 Chargor 押记人, 如屋主 A company or person who grants a charge or right in security or in favour of some other person

483 Chartered surveyor 特许土地测量师 a surveyor who is registered with the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors as having the qualifications,

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training, and experience to satisfy their professional requirements

484 Chattel 属于个人的实质可动产业 personal property

485 Chattel fixture 用于非住宅产业(如办公室)

的不动附属物如冷气机

486 Chattel real 地产附带使用权 Interests and property directly connected with real property. This would include property leases, fixtures, and access rights.

487 Checklist 检核表 / 清单 A list of items required, things to be done, or points to be considered, used as a reminder.

488 Cheque / Check 支票 a written order directing a bank to pay money

489 Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

执行总裁 The official of a community who has the authority to implement and administer laws, ordinances, and regulations for that community.

490 Childcare centre 托儿所 a nursery for the supervision of preschool children while the parents work

491 Church 教堂 A building for public, especially Christian worship

492 Cineplex / cinemas 电影院 A movie theater with several separate screens

493 Circle line (MRT) 地铁环线 Singapore's fourth Mass Rapid Transit line, operated by SMRT Corporation. This underground line is currently 35.7 kilometres (22.2 mi) long with 28 stations (excluding Bukit Brown) and is fully automatically operated. It takes about an hour to travel from one end to the other and is coloured orange on the rail map.

494 City planning 都市规划 determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community

495 Civic Centre 文娱中心 a center where the members of a community can gather for social or cultural activities

496 Civic duty 公民的职责 the responsibilities of a citizen

497 Civil action 民事诉讼 legal action to protect a private civil right or to compel a civil remedy

498 Civil Defence 民防 the organizing of civilians to deal with enemy attacks

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499 Civil Defence (CD) Shelter / bunke

防空壕, 通常充当成储藏室 This refers to the store/pantry in a HDB flat that is designed and constructed to also serve as a civil defence shelter in times of emergency. It is specially designed to protect residents in an emergency with strengthened walls, floor and ceiling and a steel door.

500 Civil engineer 土木工程师 An engineer trained in the design and construction of public works, such as bridges or dams, and other large facilities.

501 Civil law 民事法律 Law involving noncriminal issues such as breach of contract, libel, slander, and accidents.

502 Civil proceedings 民事法律程序 The methods, procedures, and practices used in civil cases.

503 Civil remedy 民事法的赔偿 This term is used in opposition to the remedy given by indictment in a criminal case, and signifies the remedy which the law gives to the party against the offender.

504 Civil wrongdoing 民事法律定义里的 ‘不正当行

为’

a non-criminal wrong based on denial of another person's rights

505 Claim 申索 To demand or assert as a right

506 Claim damages 追讨赔偿

507 Claim of privilege 享有特权的声称

508 Claimant 申索人 / 索偿人 A person making a claim, esp. in a lawsuit or for a government-sponsored benefit.

509 Class action 集体诉讼 A claim brought up on behalf of a group of people.

510 Classified advertisement

分类广告 a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals which may be sold or distributed free of charge

511 Clause 合约中的条款 / 法律条款 A section, phrase, paragraph, or segment of a legal document, such as a contract, deed, will, or constitution, that relates to a particular point.

512 Claw-back 向税务局追回先前超付的税

额

Money or benefits that are distributed and then taken back as a result of special circumstances.

513 Clear title 一个没有任何第三方合法索

求的屋契

Marketable title that is free of encumbrances and disputed interests. Clear title is essential in order to

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convey a general warranty deed in a transaction.

514 Clearance certificate 住宅房地产法令 – 准许证 A certificate that verifies that an entity has paid all its tax liabilities at the time that the entity ceases to exist or is transferred to a new owner

515 Client 客户 Individual or entity who pays for the professional services of another person or business.

516 Client’s instruction 客户指示

517 Clientele 客户群

518 Clinic 诊所 A facility often associated with a hospital or medical school that is devoted to the diagnosis and care of outpatients.

519 Closed contracts 遵随新加坡律师公会所制定

的年合约准则的房屋买

卖合约

Whose terms constitute the entire agreement between the contracting parties and no clause or provision can be changed or modified without mutual consent

520 Closure order 封闭令

521 Club house 会所 / 休闲俱乐部 The main building of a country club

522 Cluster housing 聚落式共管有地住宅区 Planned subdivision where detached housing is located in the close proximity to each other. Additionally, the subdivision shares common open space including parking and recreation areas.

523 Co-broking 经纪之间的合作 Two or more authorized brokers who agree to cooperate together representing a principal for the completion of a real property sale.

524 Code of Conduct and Ethics

专业操守守则 An organized group of ethical behavior guidelines governing the day-to-day activities of a profession or organization.

525 Code of Practice and Client Care

专业作业与客户服务守则

526 Coincide with 巧合 / 凑巧 To occupy the same relative position or the same area in space.

527 Cold calling 陌生推销电话 / 无预约的推

销拜访

a call made by a salesman on a potential customer without making an appointment

528 Co-lessee 共同承租人 A partner in a lease taken

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529 Collaborating / collaboration

合作 / 勾结 the act of working with another or others on a joint project

530 Collapsible gate 折闸

531 Collateral 抵押品 Property pledged to secure a loan.

532

Collective Sale 集体出售 is a combined sale by the owners of 2 or more property units to a common purchaser.

533 Collective Sale Agreement

集体出售协议书

534 Commencement of tenancy

租约生效日期

535 Commercial complex

商业中心

536 Commercial land 商业用地 development and transitional land acquired for investment use: land for lots, site selection and assemblage of parcels.

537 Commercial property

商用产业 Business property, such as and office building, retail stores, medical center, or hotel, that operates with a profit. A risk/return relationship exists in commercial property. The return is comprised of the net rental income and capital appreciation in price.

538 Commercial tenancy 商业租赁

539 Commercial tenant 商业租戶 / 租客

540 Commercial use 商业用途 one which is undertaken for a business purpose, rather than hobby, recreational, educational, or other purposes

541 Commission 佣金 Charge paid to a person for services performed, usually based on a percentage of the amount received from the transaction (typically the total sales price). However, a commission may be based on other factors such as profitability. A commission is different from salary, which is a constant amount paid to an employee on a recurring basis.

542 Commissioner for Oath

宣誓官 A public official whose main powers include administering oaths and attesting to signatures, both important and effective ways to minimize fraud in legal documents.

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543 Commissioner of Stamp Duties

印花税总监

544 Common area / Communal area

公用地方 Space that is available to all tenants or owners, such as a courtyard, main entrance, elevator, and pool.

545 Common boundary wall

共用围墙 a line down the middle of the boundary wall

546 Common damages 普通法的赔偿

547 Common enclosure wall

公用围墙

548 Common facilities 公用设施 all of the property except the demised premises

549 Common law 普通法 / 习惯法 / 公法 System of jurisprudence that is based on court decisions instead of statutes passed by a legislative body. It is based on the principles decided by the courts.

550 Common property 公用地方 property belonging to all members of a community

551 Common provisions 一般条文

552 Common seal 公司印章 the official seal of a corporate body

553 Common use 一般用途 / 普通用途 Services, material, or facilities provided by a Department of Defense agency or a Military Department on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies, elements, or other organizations as directed.

554 Communal facilities 公用设施 A facility shared by the occupants of a building

555 Community amenities

社区康乐设施 facilities that make the surroundings more pleasant and are open to the general public

556 Community Club 民众俱乐部 Generic name given for any association of property owners sharing an interest in commonly owned property.

557 Community Mediation Centre

社区纠纷调解中心 Provides mediation services in social, community or family disputes that do not involve a seizable offence (where police are legally empowered to arrest without a warrant) under any written law. Mediation sessions are conducted in a cordial and informal atmosphere, and as expeditiously as possible.

558 Company director 公司董事 An appointed or elected member of the board of directors of a company

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who, with other directors, has the responsibility for determining and implementing the company’s policy.

559 Company in liquidation

正在清盘中的公司

560 Company search 公司查册 Search undertaken by individuals or businesses to establish basic facts about a company with whom they are dealing

561 Comparables 特征相似的产业 Properties similar to the subject properties that are used to estimate the value of a subject property.

562

Comparative method

比较类似房产的近期成交价

的估价法

The analytic method to which the test method is compared in the comparison-of-methods experiment. This term implies nothing about the quality of the comparative method.

563 Compel 强迫或迫使另一方履行合约 Force or oblige (someone) to do something

564 Compensation 补偿 / 赔偿 Money and nonmonetary consideration given to employees for work performed. The reward will typically be increased the better the job is done. Salary and fringe benefits are a major cost of a business so the amount paid must be within the financial abilities of the entity. Compensation depends on union contract and must not violate any laws.

565 Competency 胜任 / 能力 / 称职 The quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and intellectually.

566 Competent authority

主管当局 Person or organization that has the legally delegated or invested authority, capacity, or power to perform a designated function.

567 Competent jurisdiction

具司法管辖权

568 Competent parties 符合先决条件的签约双方 Persons considered legally capable of entering into a binding contract.

569 Competitive advantage

具有竞争性的优势 An advantage that a firm has over its competitors, allowing it to generate greater sales or margins and/or retain more customers than its competition.

570 Competitive market 自由竞争市场 A market with a large number of buyers and a large number of sellers, such that no single buyer or seller is able to influence the price or any other

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aspect of the market -- no one has any market control.

571 Competitive Market Analysis (CMA)

市场分析 / 也指近期内的房

屋成交价

An evaluation of comparable recently sold homes in a neighborhood to determine a fair price range for a certain home on the market. Buyers should do CMAs to get a sense of a fair market price for an offer, while sellers need CMAs to determine a competitive listing price.

572 Complainant 投诉人 A plaintiff in certain lawsuits

573 Complaint 投诉 A statement that a situation is unsatisfactory or unacceptable

574 Completed development

已完成的 (地产) 发展项目

575 Completion 完成交易 The action or process of finishing something.

576 Completion date 成交日期 / 竣工日期 This date is agreed at exchange of contracts and is usually some time after exchange of contracts. This is the date upon which the seller has agreed to vacate the premises and transfer the property to the buyer. It is the day when the keys are handed over.

577 Completion statement

完成交易前买卖双方需备的

费用清单

A statement that shows how much money a buyer owes a seller at the end of a contract

578 Compliance 符合 / 遵守 Conforming to a specification, standard or law that has been clearly defined.

579 Comply with 遵守 To follow the rules given by an authority

580 Compound interest ‘利上加利’的复息计算方法 An interest rate that is applicable when interest in subsequent periods is earned not only on the original principal but also on the accumulated interest of prior periods.

581 Compromise 妥协 / 损害 / 危及 an agreement between opposing parties to settle a dispute or reach a settlement in which each gives some ground, rather than continue the dispute or go to trial

582 Compulsory acquisition

政府强制收购私人产业 3 The right of a government to appropriate private property for public use, usually with compensation to the owner.

583 Computerised land register

电子土地登记册

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584 Conceal / concealment

隐藏 To keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered

585 Concept Plan 土地发展总概念 A plan illustrating the assessment and possible suitable development of a site

586 Concessionary rate 建屋与发展局所提供的优惠

贷款利率

587 Concurrent 同时 / 同时进行 Happening at the same time as something else

588 Condition 条件 / 屋子的状况 (1) Qualifications applying to an estate occurring when the estate is feated or enlarged. (2) Restrictions in a deed

589 Condition precedent 先决条件 Condition that must be fulfilled or requires certain action before the estate granted can take effect.

590 Condition preceding contract

合约的先决条件

591 Conditional ownership

附带条件的地产拥有权

592 Conditional sale of real property

附带条件的交易 used to describe a real estate transaction where the parties have set conditions

593 Conditional tenancy 有条件的租约 a tenancy which is of a written defined duration; in either a reserved unit of accommodation or a four-bedroom house; and able to be re-allocated by the Department according to its allocation procedures.

594 Conditional use 附带条件的用途 A use which may be permitted in a particular zone, but because of the type or nature of the uses conditions for its establishment and operation may be necessary to ensure compatibility with adjacent land uses.

595 Conditions attached to licence

牌照的附带条件

596 Conditions of grant 批地条件 / 批地规约

597 Conditions of lease 租契条件 / 批租条款

598

Conditions of lease extension

租契续期条件

599 Conditions of sale 卖屋条件 The terms on which it is proposed to sell property by auction; also, the instrument containing or expressing these terms.

600 Conditions of tender 投标章程

601 Condominium 共管公寓 Ownership of a divided interest, i.e., a home ownership arrangement in which the owner has title to a housing unit

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within a structure, and a proportionate interest in the common grounds.

602 Conducive to 有助于 favourable, helpful, productive, contributory, calculated to produce, leading, tending

603 Conduct 行为 The manner in which a person behaves, esp. on a particular occasion or in a particular context.

604 Conduct of practice 职业行为

605 Confer 授予 Grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right).

606 Confidential relationship

法律上承认的极信任的专业

关系, 如医生与病人之

间的关系

a relationship in which one person has a duty to the other not to disclose proprietary information.

607 Confidentiality 保守秘密 / 机密性 discretion in keeping secret information

608 Conflict 冲突 disagreement through which the parties involved perceive a threat to their needs, interests or concerns

609 Conflict of interest 利益冲突 A situation where a professional, or a corporation, has a vested interest which may make them an unreliable source.

610 Conflict resolution 调解纠纷 a range of methods of eliminating sources of conflict

611 Conformity 产业一致性, 或指产业符合政

府的土地规划

Action or behavior in correspondence with socially accepted standards, conventions, rules, or laws

612 Connected with 与… 有关的 Associated with or related to others

613 Conscientious service

认真(负责)的 / 有良心的服务 governed by or done according to conscience

614 Consent 同意 Approving or permitting an action to occur.

615 Consequence / Consequent / In consequence

结果 / 影响 / 后果 Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition

616 Consequential 相应而生的 Following as an effect, result, or conclusion

617 Consequential damage

衍生性损害 Unanticipated damages incurred as the result of the sub effects of a party’s breach of responsibility or contract. Consequential damages often result in financial compensation.

618 Conservancy charges

每月杂费

619 Conservation area 历史保留区或文化保留区 an area where the buildings are protected because they are of

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historical importance and new buildings are usually not allowed

620 Conservation property

历史或保留区内的产业 / 保

留产业 / 历史产业

621 Consideration 指地产买卖或租约所需付的

金额

(1) Anything of value given to induce a person or entity into entering a contract. It may be money, personal services, or the trading of property. A valid contract requires adequate consideration. (2) The amount actually received form the sale of securities of a real estate company after deducting all the expenses including taxes on the sale and commission to the broker from the gross receipts

622 Consolidated operating account

综合运作帐目

623 Constitute 造成 / 形成 To set up or establish according to law or provision

624 Constraint in (demand and supply)

供应与需求的约束 The state of being restricted or confined within prescribed bounds

625 Construction cost 建筑成本 Expenditures incurred building a structure, including material and labor.

626 Construction site 建筑工地 a place where a building is being built or repaired

627 Constructive Notice 法律构定的通知 Tax concept whereby income not actually received is considered to be constructively received by a taxpayer and thus must be reported.

628 Constructive Trust 法律构定的信托 Judicial order creating a trust for property wrongfully or illegally assumed or taken. The trust compels the person improperly to transfer it to another having a legally sustainable claim.

629 Consultant 顾问 Experienced professional who provides expert knowledge for a fee. He or she works in an advisory capacity only and is usually not accountable for the outcome of a consulting exercise.

630 Consumer 消费者 a person who acquires goods and services for his or her own personal needs

631 Consumer Protection (Fair

保护消费者利益的法律 This Act provides the legislative framework to allow consumers

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Trading) Act aggrieved by unfair practices to have recourse to civil remedies before the courts. It also provides for a cooling-off period for direct sales and time share contracts, and allows specified bodies to enter voluntary compliance agreements with, or apply for injunction orders against errant traders.

632 Consumer spending 个人消费 The amount of money spent by households in an economy.

633 Consumption Tax 消费税 A tax on the purchase of a good or service

634 Contents 文件内容 The material, including text and images, that constitutes a publication or document

635 Contingency 待确定的条件 / 突变事件 Possibility or chance that an event may occur. An action is dependent on something else happening.

636 Contingency fund 法律规定房屋发展商所需储

备的一笔资金以备不时

之需

Money set aside for a possible loss, such as from a fire.

637 Contingent 待确定的 Something that is dependent on something else.

638 Continuing Professional Development (CPD)

在职再提升 / 在职再训练 offers seminars and training programs targetted at enhancing practitioners' skills and knowledge in various fields of practice.

639 Contract 合约 / 契约 / 合同 A legally enforceable agreement between two parties.

640 Contract for service 服务合约 - 指自雇人士 a type of contract that defines an independent contractor

641 Contract law principles

合约法原则

642 Contract of employment

雇佣合约 a written agreement between an employer and an employee, that, taken together with the rights of each under statute and common law, determines the employment relations between them

643 Contract of service 雇佣合约- 指受雇人士 a type of contract in which a person agrees to be paid a regular wage, work regular hours and consider himself an employee.

644 Contract performance

履行合约 A contract which becomes legally acceptable because of something someone has done for someone else,

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such as a particular task

645 Contract price 合约价格 Selling price for a property less assumed mortgages by the buyer.

646 Contract remedy / remedies

毁约赔偿

647 Contracting party 订约人 / 立约人 Entity who enters into a binding agreement with one or more other contracting parties and thus accepts the benefits and obligations specified therein. For a contract to be valid, every contracting party to a contract must be a competent party.

648 Contractor 承包商 / 装修商 Individual or business that is engaged to do some sort of construction work for another for a fee

649 Contractual liability 合约上的法律责任 Legal liability of another party that the business firm agrees to assume by a written or oral contract.

650 Contractual licence 契约性的个人用地许可权, 如

买票进入电影院

Provides an express or implied permission to enter or use the property in exchange for some consideration.

651 Contractual relationship

合约关系 Legal relationship between contracting-parties evidenced by an offer, acceptance of the offer, and a valid (legal and valuable) consideration.

652 Contractual right 合约权利 a claim, on other persons, that is acknowledged and perhaps reciprocated among the principals associated with that claim

653 Contractual term 合约年期 / 合约有效期 Any provision forming part of a contract.

654 Contradict 反驳 / 否认 / 不相吻合 To assert or express the opposite of (a statement)

655 Contrary intention 相反意向

666 Conversion 兑换 / 换算 / 转换 (证券) Transfer of personal property or real estate of a certain type to property of a different type.

667 Conversion Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申请计划

中的 ’改装组屋’组别

668 Convey 转让 To sell property from one to the other and transfer all title and interest. Property is conveyed by bill of sale, contract, deed or other instrument.

669 Conveyancing 地契转让 Transfer of the title of land, real estate, or personal property from one person or entity to another. This transfer is typically made via a trust deed,

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mortgage, sales contract or similar instrument.

670 Conveyancing Account (CVY Account)

房地产交易户头 (由律师负

责)

refers to the conveyancing account as defined under Rule 2 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property (Conveyancing) Rules 2011 of the Conveyancing and Law of Property Act (Cap 61)

671 Conveyancing cost 地契转让费用

672 Conveyancing document

地契转让文件

673 Conveyancing procedure

地契转让程序

674 Cooling measures 降温措施 Efforts made by governments to cool a market e.g. increasing taxes on property to cool a housing market.

675 Cooling-off period 冷静期 Number of days during which a buyer can change his or her mind and cancel a purchase agreement or return a purchased item for full refund.

676 Co-owner 共同拥有人 / 业权共有人 An individual or group that shares ownership in an asset with another individual or group. The co-owner of an asset owns a percentage, though the amount may vary according to the ownership agreement. The rights of each owner are typically defined in accordance with a contract or written agreement, which include treatment of revenue and tax obligations.

677 Co-ownership 共同拥有权 / 共同拥有产业

权 / 共有业权

refers to the conglomerate of property rights in one asset, generally in real property, in which there are more owners such as tenants in common or joint tenants or statutory co-ownership regimes such as condominium title or strata title.

678 Copied advertisements

抄袭他人的广告

679 Copy 副本 An imitation or reproduction of an original

680 Core Central Region (CCR)

核心中央区 comprises postal districts 9,10, 11, Downtown Core and Sentosa

681 Corner terrace house

角头排屋 A landed house at the end of a row of terrace houses that normally has a larger land area compared to the other terrace house.

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682 Corporate landlord 公司业主

683 Corporate lease 公司租约

684 Corporate tenant 公司租户

685 Corporeal right 对实质地产(如房屋)所拥有

的所有权

Right to substantive real or personal property having tangible body and form.

686 Correspondence 信件 Any written or digital communication exchanged by two or more parties.

687 Corridor 走廊 Passageway providing public access from a building interior to an exit

688 Corrupt transaction 舞弊交易

689 Cost effective 成本效率 Anything effective and productive in relation to its cost.

690 Cost method of valuation

以产业的开发成本为基础的

估价法

691 Cost of capital 使用资金应付出的利息 Rate of return that is necessary to maintain market value of a real estate project. The cost of capital is used for project evaluation purposes.

692 Cost of development 开发产业的所需成本 Expenditures incurred to develop real estate.

693 Cost-benefit / Costeffectiveness analysis

成本效益分析 Examination of the cost and the outcomes of the alternative means of accomplishing an objective, in order to select the one with the highest effectiveness relative to its cost.

694 Cost-of-living Clause 租赁合约中让业主依据通膨

率来调整租金的条款

In a long-term contract, a clause which adjusts the price paid for the goods or services received in an amount equal to the change in the cost of living.

695 Costs 成本 / 费用 / 讼费 often used when referring to the valuation of acquired property

696 Costs of determination

审裁费用

697 Co-tenant 共住租客 One of two or more tenants sharing property.

698 Council for Estate Agencies (CEA)

房地产代理理事会 A statutory board established under the Estate Agents Act 2010 to administer the enhanced regulatory framework for the real estate agency industry.

699 Council symbols (CEA)

房地产代理理事会的徽章

700 Counsel 大律师 / 法律顾问 One or more attorneys advising and representing a client.

701 Counter Notice 反通知书

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702 Counter offer 还价 Initial offer to buy or sell answered with a revised offer.

703 Counterclaim 反伸索 Counter action by a defendant against a plaintiff. It is an independent action and just a denial of plaintiff's action.

704 Countersigning 副签 The inscription of one's name at the end of a writing, done by a secretary or a subordinate, to attest to the fact that such a writing has been signed by a principal or a superior, thereby vouching for the genuineness of the signature.

705 Court Judgement 法庭判决

706 Court Order 法庭命令 / 庭令

707 Courtyard 天井 / 庭院

708 Covenant 契诺 A legal assurance or promise in a deed or other document, or implied by the law.

709 Covenant of quiet enjoyment

屋主或业主承诺租户 A formal agreement, typically in a deed or lease, in which a seller or lessor promises to protect a buyer or lessee in the event of a disturbance of his or right to quiet enjoyment of the property he or she is buying or leasing.

710 Covenantee 契诺受益人 the person to whom the promise in a covenant is made

711 Covenantor 契诺承诺人 a party who makes a promise and who is to perform the obligation expressed in a covenant

712 Covered area 有盖面积 Ground area covered immediately above the plinth level covered by the building but does not include the space covered by:(a) Garden, rockery, well and well structures, plant nursery, water pool, swimming pool(covered), platform round a tree, tank, fountain, bench, chabutra with open top and unenclosed on sides by walls and the like;(b)Drainage culvert, conduit, catch-pit, gully-pit, chamber, gutter and like; and(c)Compound wall, gate, slide, swing, canopy, area covered by chhaja or alike projections and staircases which are uncovered and open at least on three sides and also open to sky.

713 CPF Charge 中央公积金局对屋主所注册

的押记

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714 CPF Housing Grant 公积金房屋津贴数额 Is a housing subsidy provided by the government to eligible buyers of HDB resale flats. The CPF Housing Grant (in the form of CPF monies and not cash) can be used for the initial payment to reduce the mortgage loan for the purchase of flats. Eligible buyers of DBSS flats and Executive Condominiums can also apply for the CPF Housing Grant. CPF Housing Grant however cannot be used to pay the cash-over-valuation (COV) for resale flats.

715 CPF Housing Grant for Singles

单身人士的公积金房屋津贴 You may be eligible for the CPF Housing Grant for Singles when buying an HDB flat for the first time and have not enjoyed a housing subsidy before if you are a single Singapore citizen or a married Singapore citizen with a non-citizen spouse.

716 CPF Housing Grant Scheme

中央公积金局所提供的组屋

津贴

is a housing subsidy provided by the Singapore Government to assist Singapore Citizens to own a HDB flat at a cheaper rate, or we call it a HDB subsidy

717 CPF Housing Grant Scheme for Family

上述津贴计划中的家庭组别 Is intended for applicants who meet all the following conditions: (a) Singapore Citizens; (b) Married couples; (c) Have not previously enjoyed any housing subsidy and (d) Meet all the prevailing eligibility conditions for buying a DBSS flat.

718 CPF Housing Top-Up Grant Scheme

上述津贴计划中的填补计划 Is a pro-marriage initiative to encourage Singles Grant recipients to marry and set up a family. Singles Grant recipients may top-up their Singles Grant to the prevailing Family Grant amount when they marry.

719 CPF Life 公积金终身入息计划 Is a new scheme introduced by the government to provide CPF members with an income for life from their Draw-Down Age or when they sign up for CPF Life whichever is later.

720 CPF MediSave Account

公积金保健储蓄户头 the savings can be used for hospitalisation expenses and approved medical insurance.

721 CPF Minimum Sum 公积金最低存款额 provides members with a monthly

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income to support a modest standard of living during retirement

722 CPF Ordinary account

公积金普通户头 the savings can be used to buy a home, pay for CPF insurance, investment

723 CPF Residential Property Scheme

公积金购买住屋计划 The scheme covers all residential properties in Singapore built on freehold land or with a lease of at least 60 years remaining.

724 CPF Retirement Account

公积金退休户头 is intended for old age, contingency purposes and investment in retirement-related financial products.

725 CPF Special Account 公积金特别户头 is intended for old age, contingency purposes and investment in retirement-related financial products.

726 Credible 可信的 / 可靠的 Refers to the objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.

727 Credit assessment 银行对借贷者所作的信用鉴

定 / 个人信贷评估

Objective method of appraising an applicant's credit standing by assigning values to factors such as annual income, liabilities, job status, and credit history.

728 Credit Bureau Singapore

借贷信用鉴定机构 Singapore's most comprehensive consumer credit bureau that has full-industry uploads from all retail banks and major financial institutions. It is a joint venture between The Association of Banks in Singapore (ABS) and DBIC Holdings Pte Ltd.

729 Credit history 个人借贷记录 History of an individual's credit financial transactions including a detailed payment analysis.

730 Credit line 商业借贷设施 Maximum credit a prospective buyer may be given. An example is the maximum mortgage a prospective home buyer may receive from the bank.

731 Credited into CPF account

存入公积金户口

732

Creditor 债权人 An individual or institution to which a debt is owed.

733 Crematorium 火葬场 a facility for the disposal of dead bodies by burning

734 Criminal liability 刑事责任 The liability that arises out of breaking a law or committing a criminal act.

735 Criminal offence 刑事罪行 Action which is considered wrong and can be punishable by law

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736 Criminal proceedings

刑事法律程序 Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated criminal law.

737 Criminal wrongdoing 刑事罪行

738 Criteria 须符合的标准或准则

(criterion 的复数)

A principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided

739 Criterion 标准 / 准则 A standard or rule on which a decision or judgment may be based, forming the basis for the establishment of acceptable limits of environmental conditions in buildings.

740 Cross-easements 双向地役权 A party wall is a wall built or to be built on a common boundary of land, which passes vertically and longitudinally through that wall, with separate ownership of the severed portions and with cross-easements entitling each of the persons entitled to a portion to have the whole wall continued in such manner that each building supported thereby shall have the support of the whole wall.

741 Crossed cheque 署名支票 A cheque which is payable only through a collecting banker and not directly at the counter of the bank

742 Cul-de-sac 死胡同 Street having access only at one end and terminating with a circular turnaround area. The circular area permits automobiles to exit the street without having to use a home's driveway to turn around.

743 Cultural complex 文娱馆 / 文娱中心

744 Culvert 暗渠 / 下水道 a drain or covered channel that crosses under a road, railway, etc.

745 Cumulative appreciation

累积升值 / 累积增值

746 Curable depreciation

可更正的贬值,如通过装修 Correcting depreciation by making improvements at less cost than the value added.

747 Currency control 货币控制 A system whereby a country tries to control money within its borders.

748 Current assets 流动资产包括现金 / 也指易

套现的资产

A balance sheet account that represents the value of all assets that are reasonably expected to be converted into cash within one year in the normal course of business.

749 Current liabilities 流动负债 A company's debts or obligations that

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are due within one year.

750 Current market rent 现时市值租金

751 Current market value

现时市值 Present worth of the property which is different than the price paid for it or its book value (cost less accumulated depreciation). The current value may be determined through appraisal.

752 Current ownership 现时业主

753 Current yield 现时回报率 Measurement of investment return that relates current income to the investment cost

754 Custody 保管 The act or right of guarding, especially such a right granted by a court

755 Custom 风俗 / 习俗 an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting customs duty and for controlling the flow of people, animals and goods, as well as personal effects and hazardous items, in and out of the country.

756 Customer 顾客 / 客户 Groups or individuals who have a business relationship with the organization--those who receive and use or are directly affected by the products and services of the organization.

757 Customer complaint 客户的投诉 an expression of dissatisfaction with a product or service, either orally or in writing, from an internal or external customer

758 Customer expectation

客户对经纪服务的期待 The needs, wants, and preconceived ideas of a customer about a product or service. Customer expectation will be influenced by his or her perception of the product or service and can be created by previous experience, advertising, hearsay, awareness of competitors, and brand image

759 Customer feedback 客户的回馈 This provides top quality management information to companies that want to measure and improve the quality of their customer service. Feedback is an important tool that organizations use to improve their business as customers are the heart of the operation; without them, it would be impossible to have any of the success. Every enquiry, suggestion, complaint and compliment

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helps to create a better business.

760 Customer grievance 客户的不满

761 Customer service 客户服务 The set of behaviors that a business undertakes during its interaction with its customers. It can also refer to a specific person or desk which is set up to provide general assistance to customers.

762 Cyclical pattern 市场周期形式 It refers to something that takes place on a regular basis.

D

763 Damage 损害 / 损坏 / 损失 The loss caused by one person to another or to his property, either with the design of injuring him, with negligence and carelessness, or by inevitable accident.

764 Damages 损害赔偿 The financial compensation awarded to someone who suffered an injury or was harmed by someone else's wrongful act.

765 Data 数据 / 资料 Factual information, especially information organized for analysis or used to reason or make decisions.

766 Data bank 数据庫 / 资料庫 An organization chiefly concerned with building, maintaining, and using a database.

767 Data processing 数据处理 / 资料处理 Operations performed on a given set of data to extract the required information in an appropriate form such as diagrams, reports, or tables.

768 Data validation 资料审核 verifies that the characters provided come from a valid set

769 Date of execution 签立日期

770 Date of registration 注册日期

771 Dealing 交易 / 交涉 conduct in relations to others

772 Death Certificate 死亡证明书 An official document setting forth particulars relating to a dead person, including name, date of birth and death, and cause of death, usually certified to by a doctor as to the cause of death.

773 Death of buyer / tenant

买方或租户去世,合约将作废

774 Debenture 债权证 A promissory note or bond offered by a corporation to a creditor in exchange for a loan, the repayment of which is

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backed only by the general creditworthiness of the corporation and not by a mortgage or a lien on any specific property.

775 Debt 债务 An amount of money borrowed by one party from another.

776 Debt collection company

收账公司 is a business that collects unpaid, past due debts for other businesses.

777 Debt collector 合法收账人 a specific person working for a collection agency or sometimes it refers to the entire collection agency

778 Debt financing 以融资的方式投资房地产 When a firm raises money for working capital or capital expenditures by selling bonds, bills, or notes to individual and/or institutional investors.

779 Debtor 负债人 / 债务人 A company or individual who owes money

780 Debt-service-coverage-ratio

投资项目的收入与其借贷款

额的比率

it is the amount of cash flow available to meet annual interest and principal payments on debt, including sinking fund payments

781 Debt-to-income-ratio

借贷款额与借贷者收入的比

率

A personal finance measure that compares an individual's debt payments to the income he or she generates.

782 Deceased 死者 / 去世 someone who has died, especially recently

783 Deceive / deception 欺骗 the act of misleading another through intentionally false statements or fraudulent actions

784 Deck 露天平台 The surface installed over the supporting framing members to which the roofing is applied.

785 Declaration 申报 / 声明 1. A recorded document that legally creates a condominium. 2. A statement made out of court. 3. A formal pleading by a plaintiff in a lawsuit as to the facts and circumstances that gave rise tohis cause of action.

786 Declaration of interest

申报利益 A declaration by a court that a person has an entitlement to property or to a share in property..

787 Declaration of the Valuation Lists

布估价册

788 Declaration of trust 信托声明书 A written statement by a trustee

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acknowledging that a property is being held for the benefit of another

789 De-classification of zoning

取消现有用地规划

790 Decline (real estate price cycle)

房地产价格周期循环中的‘衰

退期’

791 Decreasing returns 指产业到了一个阶段即使再

加修建或改装其市值也

不会再提升

A situation in which output is less than in proportion to inputs as the scale of firm's production increases.

792 Decree 庭令 The final determination by a court of the rights of the parties to a suit.

793 Decree Nisi 离婚中期判决 a provisional decree that will become final unless cause is shown why it should not

794 Decree Nisi Absolute 离婚最终判决 The name given to a final and conclusive court order after the condition of an interim or intervening order (decree nisi) is met

795 Deductible 报税时可扣除的费用 is the dollar amount you must pay for healthcare, damage to your property, or any other insurable claim before your insurance company begins to cover the cost of the bill.

796 Deed 契约 A written instrument which when properly executed (signed) and delivered (accepted) conveys title to real property from one party the grantor to another party the grantee.

797 Deed covenant 上述契约中包涵的契诺 The warranties made by a grantor seller of property to protect the grantee buyer against items such as liens encumbrances or title defects.

798 Deed of Assignment 契约转让 document transferring real estate to creditor

799 Deed of Declaration 契约宣誓

780 Deed of Exchange 担保契约 / 保证契约 Deed by which property is transferred for another property

801 Deed of Gift 馈赠契约 A legal document that transfers property ownership without the requirement of a purchase price.

802 Deed of Guarantee 担保契约 This document allows one person to guarantee the obligations of another, usually in relation to a mortgage or other legal charge.

803 Deed of Indemnity 赔偿契约

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804 Deed of Partition 分割契约 Legal document used to divide property among several people. Often seen in wills where it is used to divide property among multiple heirs.

805 Deed of Release 解除责任契约 / 解除扣押契

约

A document which dismisses a lien or other claim on a property.

806 Deed of Separation 分居协议 a document drawn between a separated husband and wife, pending divorce.

807 Deed of Surrender 放弃租赁权契约 (租约) / 土

地归还契约 (土地)

A legal document that transfers property ownership for a specified time period, provided certain conditions are met.

808 Deed of Title 业权契约 Legal document (instrument) executed and acknowledged under the seal and in the presence of a notary, evidencing the right of ownership to a property described therein.

809 Deed Poll 改名契 a deed made by one party only, esp one by which a person changes his name

810 Deed registration system

契约注册制度

811 Deed restriction 契约限制 The limitations in the deed to a property that dictate specific ways that a property must or must not be used.

812 Deeds pending registration

待注契约

813 Deface 毁损 To mar or destroy the face of a written instrument,signature, inscription, etc., by obliteration, erasure, cancellation, or superinscription, soas to render it illegible or unrecognizable.

814 Default 失责 / 不履行责任 / 过失 The failure to perform a legal or contractual requirement, such as the payment of a debt by the due date.

815 Defaulting party 失责 / 违约的一方

816 Defaulting tenant 失责 / 违约的租户

817 Defeasible title 有问题的地契 Title that could be void or revoked at a future date or for a particular reason. For example, if a title is given to an individual on the contingency that the individual does not get married before the age of 29 and the individual gets married before 29, the title can be revoked.

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818 Defective 欠妥 / 有缺陷的 / 被损坏的 a pleading or document, that it contains a shortcoming potentially causing its invalidity or leading to its dismissal

819 Defective title 有问题的业权 A piece of property or asset that has a publicly-recorded encumbrance, such as a lien, mortgage or judgment. Because other parties can lay claim to the property or asset, the title cannot be legally transferred to another party. For example, a homeowner cannot sell a home if there is an outstanding tax lien on the property.

820 Defects Liability Period

免费维修期 A specified term (normally 12 months) following practical completion of a facility when the contractor remains responsible to rectify any defective work.

821 Defend / defence 抗辩 / 辩护 / 抗辩书 In litigation, to oppose a claimant’s case; to advance or protect one’s own adverse interests.

822 Defendant 被告人 The individual, company or organization who defends a legal action taken by a plaintiff and against whom the court has been asked to order damages or specific corrective action redress some type of unlawful or improper action alleged by the plaintiff.

823 Deferred payment scheme

延迟付款计划 This is a scheme where the purchaser makes the initial payment, normally up to 20% of the purchase price within 8 weeks and the balance amount would only be due upon Temporary Occupation Permit (TOP) being obtained from the relevant authorities.

824 Deficiency 差价 / 不足 Characteristic or condition that fails to meet a standard, or is not in compliance with a requirement or specification.

825 Definition 定义 An exact statement or description of the nature, scope, or meaning of something.

826 Degree of annexation

指附属物牢固的程度

827 Delegate duties 转授责任

828 Delegation 转授 A person or group of persons officially

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elected or appointed to represent another or others.

829 Delinquency / delinquent

拖欠租金 Failure to make mortgage payments when mortgage payments are due. For most mortgages, payments are due on the first day of the month.

830 Deliver 交付 / 提交 / 交屋 The final, unconditional and absolute transfer of a DEED to the Grantee so that the Grantor may not revoke it. A Deed, signed but held by the Grantor, does not pass title.

831 Demand and Supply 供求关系 / 求与供 is an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity supplied by

832 Demand-side measure

压制买屋需求方面的措施 means a rate, measure, action or program undertaken

833 Demise (一) 把空屋交出给买方或租

户 / (二) 旧式英文里指

‘终生契约’

to convey land by deed to another for a limited time period

834 Demised premises 已被租出的楼面或面积 / 或

指已卖出的楼面或面积

is generally taken to mean the premises are leased.

835 Demising Clause 在租约中确定屋主出租的条

款

Provision of housing requirements based on family size, ages, occupations, marital status, and other population characteristics.

836 Demographic trend 人口趋势 Evaluation of housing requirements based on family size, ages, occupations, marital status, and other population characteristics.

837 Demography 人口 The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics.

838 Demolition 拆除 / 拆卸 The total destruction, razing, tearing down, breaking into pieces or pulverizing of a structure on a building site.

839 Density 土地密集程度 Distribution of population over a given area of land.

840 Deposit 按柜金 / 定金 Also called earnest money. Money deposited with an individual for security for the performance so some

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contract. This is intended to show his/her willingness to follow through with the purchase agreement.

841 Depreciation 屋价因各种原因遭折旧 (1) Decrease in the value of property because of use, obsolescence, deterioration, wear and tear, or the passing of time. (2) Spreading out of the original cost over the estimated life of the fixed assets such as plant and equipment.

842 Depression 房地产价格周期循环中的‘萧

条期’

A severe and prolonged recession characterized by inefficient economic productivity, high unemployment and falling price levels.

843 Description 说明 / 叙述 / 种类 / 描绘 Formal or legal description of property and its dimensions included in deeds, leases, listing agreements, rental agreements, and sales contracts.

844 Design 设计 Architectural plan which may include blue prints of a property project. Designs must meet technological and zoning requirements.

845 Design, Build and Sell Scheme (DBSS)

私人设计与发展的组屋 Flats built under the scheme are meant for public housing and developed by private developers.

846 Designated landed housing Estates

指定有地住宅区

847 Designation 称为 / 名称 / 称衔 is the act of pointing someone out with a name, a title or an assignment

848 Destruction 产业被摧毁 The action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired.

849 Destruction of subject matter

待售(或待租)房产被摧毁

850 Detached house 独立式洋房 Freestanding residential housing constructed on its own building lot. Detached housing is the typical type of housing found in suburban developments.

851 Determination 决定 / 裁定 / 终止 The process of establishing something exactly, typically by calculation or research.

852 Determination fees 审裁费

853 Determination of commission disputes

佣金争议裁定 A dispute on agency commission between a licensed estate agent and his client

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854 Determination proceedings

审裁程序

855 Detriment 伤害 / 不利 Relinquishment or surrender of the privilege to exercise a legal right by a party (the promisee) in return for a promise from another party (the promisor).

856 Developer 发展商 Individual who creates property improvements by making homes, shopping centers, and other commercial buildings for a profit on an area of land. The developer organizes and plans the development and supervises its construction as well as managing all the business elements of the project.

857 Development 发展项目 Process of developing an area by planning and building homes, shopping centers, schools or churches. The development process includes the construction of streets, sewers, utilities, parks, and other resources.

858 Development Baseline

发展增值底线 is defined in the Planning Act as the value derived from the use and intensity of the approved development on the land, for which development charge was paid, exempted, remitted or not required to be paid

859 Development Ceiling 发展增值顶限 is the value of the development proposed for a site and allowed by URA.

860 Development Charge (DC)

发展增值税 is a tax on the enhancement in land value resulting from the State approving a higher value development proposal

861 Development Control

由市区重建局执行的土地发

展管制

The powers of a local planning authority to control the development and use of land

862 Development Guide Plan

区域发展管理计划书 A detailed plan which provides a clear direction for the development and use of land specifying land use zoning, height and development intensity.

863 Development ratio 发展比率

864 Devise 遗赠 Gift of real property as stipulated in a will.

865 Dezoning 取消用地规划

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866 Dialect 方言 A variety of language that is specific to one group of speakers. This can be because of the area they live in, or because of social class.

867 Difference / different

差异 / 不同 A dispute

868 Differential Premium (DP)

提升用地增值税, 如延长用地

契约期限需付的税额

Applicable for the removal of restrictions on leasehold properties

869 Differentiate 区别 / 区分 to become unlike or dissimilar

870 Differentiated marketing

区别性的行销策略 market coverage strategy whereby a company attempts to appeal to two or more clearly defined market segments with a specific product and unique marketing strategy tailored to each separate segment

871 Digest 摘要 is an index of legal propositions showing which cases support each proposition

872 Digital signature 电子签名 is an electronic signature that can be used to authenticate the identity of the sender of a message or the signer of a document, and possibly to ensure that the original content of the message or document that has been sent is unchanged

873 Diligence 勤奋 / 尽责 reasonable care or attention to a matter, which is good enough to avoid a claim of negligence, or is a fair attempt

874 Diminish 减损 / 减少 To detract from the authority, reputation, or prestige of

875 Dining room 饭厅 a room in which meals are eaten, as in a home or hotel, especially the room in which the major or more formal meals are eaten

876 Diplomatic Clause 允许外国租户因故提早解除

租约的善意条款

This is a clause found in a Tenancy Agreement (TA). Most landlords will agree to a “diplomatic clause”, which means the tenant can give early notice to terminate, usually only after the completion of the first twelve months of the term, by serving two or three months written notice or payment of

877 Direct capitalisation 一个用某产业的估计净收入( A capitalization method which divides a

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租金)来折算其现时市

值的计算方法

property’s first year net operating income by an estimated general capitalization rate to develop a total property estimate.

878 Direct comparison 比较类似产业近期成交价的

估价法

This type of appraisal, also referred to as the market data approach, bases property value on the current selling prices of similar properties.

879 Direct investment 投资者直接购买房地产 The purchase or acquisition of a controlling interest in a foreign business by means other than the outright purchase of shares.

880 Direct mailing 直接邮寄 A marketing effort that uses a mail service to deliver a promotional printed piece to your target audience

881 Direct relationship 法定义 - 两件事之间的直接

关连

A relationship between two numbers or other variables where an increase or decrease in one variable causes the same change to occur in the second variable.

882 Directness 侵权法定义 - 直接性 trueness of course toward a goal

883 Disburse / Disbursement

付款项目 / 开销 / 支出 The act of paying out or disbursing money.

884 Discharge of bankruptcy

撤消破产令 Court order whereby the bankrupt debtor is forgiven of this or her debts. Even though the debtor is no longer obligated for discharged debts, the bankruptcy remains in his credit report for 10 years.

885 Discharge of contracts

解除合约 The termination of a contractual obligation on court orders (via an order of discharge) or mutual agreement (see Accord And Satisfaction), or caused by breach of contract, frustration of contract, performance of contract.

886 Discharge of mortgage

赎回屋契抵押 is a home loan that has been paid off in full

887 Disciplinary action 纪律制裁 / 纪律行动 Procedure resulting from the state real estate commission investigation of a complaint against a licensee.

888 Disciplinary committee

纪律委员会 Identifies the set of Users that have been charged with the responsibility by an Authority to review and determine if the Misconduct Reports associated with the Authority's Matches will be upheld, denied

889 Disciplinary panel 纪律小组

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890 Disciplinary powers 纪律制裁权

891 Disciplinary proceeding

律处分程序 An administrative proceeding considering the suspension or expulsion from a profession of a licensed individual, as the result of a crime for which he or she was convicted, or of a disciplinary infraction such as a breach of a code of ethics.

892 Disclaimer 卸责声明 Giving up an ownership claim to property

893 Disclosure 披露 / 阐 The general need in business transactions for both parties to tell the whole truth about any material issue pertaining to the transaction.

894 Disclosure of interest

阐明利益或利害关系

895 Disclosure requirement

代理协约规定经纪需阐明自

身利益

Rules that must be abided by in disclosure statements provided to clients or customers. These requirements may include the type of verbiage that must be included in the disclosure statement, how the document should be formatted, and how often the document should be updated.

896 Discount rate 折扣率 / 扣减率 (1) The interest rate used to convert future receipts or payments in connection with real estate property to their present value. The cost of capital is used as the discount rate under the net present value method. (2) Also called the rediscount rate. The interest rate charged by the Federal Reserve Bank to its member banks for loans. A change in the discount rate will have a significant impact on the real estate market. See also capitalization rate.

897 Discounted cash flow method

现金流转折现法 / 现金流量

折现法

A method to estimate the value of a real estate investment, which emphasizes after-tax cash flows and the return on the invested dollars discounted over time to reflect a discounted yield. The value of the real estate investment is the present worth of the future after-tax cash flows from the investment, discounted at the investor’s desired rate of return. See

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also discounted ash flow (DCF) techniques.

898 Discredit 信誉受损 To damage in reputation; disgrace. To cause to be doubted or distrusted.

899 Discretion 酌情决定权 / 审慎 The quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offense or revealing private information.

900 Discrimination 歧视 / 鉴别 o treat one particular group of people less favourably than others because of their race, colour, nationality, or ethnic or national origin.

901 Dishonoured cheque 无法兑现的支票 a cheque which the bank will not pay because there is not enough money in the account to pay it

902 Dismissal 解雇 Termination of a court action, case, or claim without further hearing or before its final determination.

903 Disparage 贬低 To speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way

904 Display 展示 Make a prominent exhibition of (something) in a place where it can be easily seen.

905 Disposal / Disposition

卖掉 / 脱手 The sale, conveyance, transfer, assignment, settlement or other alienation of residential property, whether by agreement or otherwise, and includes the creation of a trust in respect of the property.

906 Dispose of 卖掉 / 脱手 to transfer to the control or ownership of another

907 Dispossession from property

丧失产业的拥有权 Taking away property against the owner's wishes, normally as a result of non-paymen

908 Dispute on commission

佣金争议

909 Dispute resolution 纠纷调解 Refers to a process which applies to applicants whose applications are the subject of a formal objection.

910 Dispute Resolution Scheme

纠纷调解计划

911 Disqualified from holding a licence

丧失持有牌照的资格 To deprive of legal rights, powers, or privileges.

912 Disrepute 名声受损 The state of being held in low esteem by the public.

913 Dissolve / Dissolution

公司清盘 The end of the legal existence of a corporation, by shareholder vote,

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acquisition, or order of a state attorney general.

914 Distress 扣押 / 用合法途径追讨所欠

租金

A common law remedy available to landlords to hold the tenant's belongings while the tenant is behind on rent but continues to occupy the premises.

915 Distress for rent 为追讨欠租而作出的扣押 A legal remedy enabling Landlords to recover rent arrears by the seizure and sale of goods within the defaulting tenant’s property

916 Distress sale 行销被债主逼卖的产业, 如下 A sale of goods or assets at reduced prices to raise much-needed funds.

917 Distressed property 市价低于贷款额的产业 / 破

产者必须变卖的产业(但

不包括政府组屋)

Property that is under a foreclosure order or is advertised for sale by its mortgagee. Distressed property usually fetches a price that is much below its market value.

918 District Court t 地方法院 / 初级法院 A state of federal trial court.

919 Districts 区域 / 分区 A division of an area, as for administrative purposes

920 Disturbance 干扰 / 打扰 The interruption of a settled and peaceful condition.

921 Divest 套现 / 投资的反意词 to deprive someone of title, status, or authority

922 Divided interests 各方对同一项产业的权利, 如

屋主, 租户, 银行, 或其

他抵押

A partial ownership interest in property

923 Division of a lot 分割地段 parcel of land into two or more lots, plats, sites

924 Divorce 离婚 The dissolution of a marriage contracted between a man and a woman, by the judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction

925 Divorcees 离婚人士 a divorced woman or a woman who is separated from her husband

926 Doctrine 法律原则 A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a church, political party, or other group.

927 Do-it-yourself (DIY) 自行处理 An investment strategy where individual investors choose to build and manage their own investment portfolios.

928 Domain name 网际网络名称 locates an organization or other entity on the Internet

929 Domestic household 家庭住户

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930 Domestic Use / Purpose

住宅用途 The quantity of water used for household purposes such as washing, food preparation, and bathing

931 Dominant tenement 地役权的持有者 is the parcel of real property that has an easement over another piece of property (the servient estate)

932 Domitory 工人宿舍 A large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution.

933 Donee (Gift of property)

受赠人 A person who receives a gift

934 Donor (Gift of property)

赠予人 / 捐赠者 - 指将产业

赠予他人

A person who makes a gift of property

935 Downpayment 首期付款 / 首期 (款项) Money paid to make up the difference between the purchase price and the mortgage amount.

936 Downtown 中央商业区 The lower part or the business center of a city or town.

937 Downward spiral 指屋价盘旋降落 Decline occurring in a vicious circle or negative cumulative causation.

938 Drain and sewer 沟渠及污水渠 Pipework which drains a single property (or, strictly speaking, any buildings or yards within the same curtilage) / Pipework which drains two or more properties

939 Drainage system 排水系统 a system of watercourses or drains for carrying off excess water

940 Drainage Interpretation Plan (DIP)

排水系统解说图

941 Driveway 车道 A short road leading from a public road to a house or garage.

942 Dry kitchen 干厨房

943 Dual agency 双边代理 A clause in the DEED OF TRUST or MORTGAGE that makes the loan non-assumable by providing the note holder may call the loan immediately due and payable upon a sale or conveyance of an interest in the property.

944 Dual carriageway 分隔车路 / 双程分隔车道 a road on which traffic travelling in opposite directions is separated by a central strip of turf,

945 Dual representation 同时代表买卖双方的违法行

径

946 Due diligence 背景调查 / 尽职调查 a term used for a number of concepts involving either an investigation of a business or person prior to signing a

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contract, or an act with a certain standard of care.

947 Due-on-Sale Clause 在银行贷款合约书中规定产

业售出后欠款必须即刻

还清的条款

a clause in a loan or promissory note that stipulates that the full balance may be called due upon sale or transfer of ownership of the property used to secure the note. The lender has the right, but not the obligation, to call the note due in such a circumstance.

948 Dummy advertisements

假广告 / 设陷骗人的广告

949 Duplex 复式住宅单位 / 复式公寓 A house divided into two living units or residences, usually having separate entrances.

950 Duplicate lease 建屋与发展局颁发给政府组

屋屋主的年契约/ 租赁

副本

951 Durability 地产的持久性 Capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay

952 Duration 期间 / 一段时间 A measure of the sensitivity of the price (the value of principal) of a fixed-income investment to a change in interest rates.

953 Duration of licence 牌照的有效期

954 Duress 强迫另一方签约 Unlawful pressure exerted upon a person to coerce that person to perform an act that he or she ordinarily would not perform.

955 Duty of care 在作业时对第三方应负起的

谨慎责任

a requirement that a person act toward others and the public with watchfulness, attention, caution and prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would

956 Dwelling house 住宅 / 住屋 housing that someone is living in;

957 D.U.S.T. (Demand / Utility / Scarcity / Transferability)

D 为 ‘需求’; U 为应用或用途;

S 为稀少; T为可转

让. 这四个字母代表地产的特

征

E

958 Early redemption 提早清还贷款 / 提早赎回 Refers to the repayment of the loan (principal and interest) before the maturity of the loan

959 Early settlement 提早清还贷款 / 提早赎回 The practice of settling a trade before the usual settlement date

960 Earmark 指定在(公积金或私人银行户

口) 的若干款项将用来

give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

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作某项付款

961 Earning power 经济能力 A business's ability to generate profit from conducting its operations.

962 Easement 地役权 / 一种使用他人土地

的使用权, 但此权不等

于拥有权

The right to use the land of another for a specific limited purpose.

963 Easement by Necessity

必要性的地役权 Created by law usually for the right to travel to landlocked parcel of land

964 Easement by Prescription

法定的地役权 Acquired by adverse land use for a statutory period of time.

965 Economic depreciation

房地产经济折旧 A measure of the decrease in value of an asset over a specific period of time

966 Economic life 房地产能够取得预期回报的

使用期限

Expected period that property will provide benefits. It is typically less than physical life of the property because the property continues to have physical life regardless of inefficiency and obsolescence. Depreciation is usually based on the economic life.

967 Economic obsolescence

房地产因经济因素失去其原

来价值

Loss of property value due to external forces of events.

968 Economic risks 来自需求与共应的经济风险,

如需求量忽然下降

The danger that the economy could turn against your investment.

969 Economic value 经济价值 Worth of property based on the relevant economic factors

970 Educational qualifications

学历 the degrees, diplomas, certificates, professional titles and so forth that an individual has acquired whether by full-time study, part-time study or private study, whether conferred in the home country or abroad, and whether conferred by educational authorities, special examining bodies or professional bodies.

971 Effective cause of sale

有效促成交易成功的因素 Where the efforts of a particular real estate agent are considered to have been an essential element in a purchaser entering into a binding contract with a vendor for the sale of a property. An agent considered to be the effective cause of sale will usually be entitled to a commission in respect of that sale.

972 Effective date of sale

有效完成交易的日期 The date sale commences or closes.

973 Effective interest 实际利率 Real rate of interest on a loan. It is the

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rate coupon rate divided by the net proceeds of the loan.

974 Effective rent 实际租金 The actual rental rate that the landlord achieves after deducting the concession value from the base rental rate a tenant pays.

975 Efficiency ratio (building)

分层屋契住宅项目的楼面实

用率

the proportion of a building's area that is leasable space.

976 Effluent 废水 / 污水 liquid discharged as waste, as from an industrial plant or sewage works

977 Effluxion of time 届满 (租期) / 期满 (合约) The normal expiration of a lease due to the passage of time, rather than due to a specific event that might cause the lease to end, such as destruction of the building.

978 Ejectment 驱逐欠租或严重违规的租户 Steps taken to remove someone from the real property who does not have a contractual basis to be there.

979 Elastic 具弹性或伸缩性的 capable of returning to its original shape after compression, expansion, stretching, or other deformation

980 Electric meter 电表 a meter for measuring the amount of electric power used

981 Electric power station

电力站 an industrial facility for the generation of electric power

982 Electrical installations and wirings

电力安装及铺设电线 / 电力

装置铺线

983 Electrical point 电掣位 / 电插头 receptacle providing a place in a wiring system where current can be taken to run electrical devices

984 Electrical trunking 电线槽 plastic housing used to conceal wires, etc

985 Electricity mast 电线桅杆 Is attached to the building, it stands normally above the building or at the highest point of the building, were no one can get to it. It contains the wires from the meter base to the top of the service mast, this is were the power company attaches it wires so that the building has electricity.

986 Electronic contract 通过电子媒介(如电子邮件)

所形成的有效合约

Contracts made using computers, either via e-mail or the Internet, or that involve computer related products, such as databases and software.

987 Electronic funds transfer

电子转帐 A method of banking that uses computers and electronic technology

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as a substitute for checks and other banking methods.

988 Electronic messages 电子讯息 A "record or display that is stored, generated, or transmitted by electronic means for the purpose of communication to another person or electronic agent."

989 Electronic mode of acceptance

通过电子媒介, 如电子邮件接

受认购权

990 Eligibility condition 必须符合的先决条件

991 Eligibility criteria 资格准则 Summary criteria for participant selection

992 Eligibility letter 合格证书

993 Eligible 有资格 qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen

994 Email advertising 电子邮件广告 directly marketing a commercial message to a group of people using electronic mail, email

995 Emergency access/ Emergency exit

紧急出口 / 逃生门 a stairway (often on the outside of a building) that permits exit in the case of fire or other emergency

996 Emergency alarm system

紧急警报系统

997 Emerging economies

新兴经济体 / 发展中国家 are nations with social or business activity in the process of rapid growth and industrialization.

998 Employee 雇员 A person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation.

999 Employer 雇主 a person, business, firm, etc., that employs workers

1000 Employer and employee relationship

雇佣关系

1001 Employment income 就业所得 Remuneration received from employment.

1002 Employment pass (Immigration)

由移民厅所发给的专业人士

准证

Is meant for professionals who intend to work as an employee for a company based in Singapore. These include managers, executives, directors and other skilled workers of different nationalities from that of Singapore.

1003 Employment policy 雇佣政策

1004 Empowered 获赋权 / 受权 To invest with power, especially legal power or official authority

1005 En-bloc sale 集体出售 A collective sale allowing the owners of a property to come together and sell

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the whole property collectively in hopes of fetching a higher price as compared to selling the respective units within the property individually.

1006 Enclosing wall 围墙

1007 Encroachment 非法据用他人土地 The physical intrusion of a structure or improvement on the land of another

1008 Encroachment on State Land

侵占政府土地 / 私人土地越

过分界线

1009 Encumbrance 产权负担, 如屋主的银行抵押 Any lien, liability or charge against a property.

1010 Endorse / Endorsement

签名 / 批准 / 支持 / 赞助 A statement attached to an insurance policy changing the terms of the policy.

1011 Enforce 执行 / 强制 ensure observance of laws and rules

1012 Enforceable 可执行的 / 可强制要求的 An agreement, debt, or low which can be operationalized, fulfilled, completed, or performed.

1013 Enforcement of Judgement

执行法院的裁定 / 判决

1014 Enhance / Enhanced 增值 / 增强 / 提高 To provide with improved, advanced, or sophisticated features:

1015 Enhanced Contra Facility (HDB

对敲交易 (政府组屋转售) enables you to sell your existing HDB flat and at the same time buy another resale HDB flat using the sale proceeds and the refunded CPF monies

1016 Enjoy 享用 / 使用 To have the use or benefit of:

1017 Enjoyment of land 使用土地

1018 Entitle 有资格享有 Give (someone) a legal right or a just claim to receive or do something

1019 Entity 实体 / 单位 Individual corporation, and so on permitted by law to own property and engage in business.

1020 Entry 入口 / 进入 A place of entrance, such as a door or lobby.

1021 Equal monthly instalments

每月等额的分期付款

1022 Equal share 平等股份

1023 Equal undivided share

指分层屋契中所附带的相等

不分割的共用地方股份

1024 Equilibrium 平衡点 the economic condition in which there is neither excess demand nor excess supply in a market

1025 Equitable doctrine 衡平法的法则

1026 Equitable interest 衡平法权益 / 没有正式立约

的权益

Right in a property (such as that of a life tenant or the beneficiary of a trust) that tantamount to a real right but is

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not a legal right. Also called equitable estate.

1027 Equitable leases 衡平法租约 / 没有正式立约

的租约

That does not meet the requirements of a legal lease but is valid and enforced by the courts in the interest of fairness and justice.

1028 Equitable mortgage 衡平法抵押, 如同一个产业的

二次融资

A mortgage in which the lender is secured by taking possession of all the original title documents of the property that serves as security for the mortgage. It gives the mortgagee the right to foreclose on the property, sell it, or appoint a receiver in case of nonpayment.

1029 Equitable owner 衡平法屋主或业主 Beneficiary of a property being held in a trust

1030 Equitable redemption rights

衡平法赎回权 is the right of an owner to redeem property securing a loan that has been accelerated prior to foreclosure.

1031 Equitable remedy 衡平法赔偿 / 公平的赔偿 The requirement that a party do something or refrain from doing something, beyond the payment of money.

1032 Equity 衡平法 / 公平原则 / 资本 / 抵

押资产的净值

The difference between the fair market value and current indebtedness, also referred to as the owner's interest. The value an owner has in real estate over and above the obligation against the property.

1033 Equity build-up 资本累计 / 屋主通过还清贷

款获得更多净资本

Term used to refer to the increase of one’s equity in a property due to mortgage balance reduction and price appreciation.

1034 Equity dividend rate 资金回报率 is a return measure that states the before-tax equity cash flow as a percentage of the equity investment. It is also referred to as cash-on-cash return.

1035 Equity in property 产业净资本 The difference between how much your property is worth the balance of your outstanding mortgage and any other debts secured on the property.

1036 Equity of redemption

赎回抵押品的权力 Borrower's right to redeem his property by immediately paying off the loan balance and any related costs.

1037 Equity REIT 房地产信托 Type of a real estate investment trust whose investment money is used for

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the purchase of a portfolio of specific properties to be managed in order to generate investment return through current income and capital gain.

1038 Equity-to-value ratio 资产的净值与其市场估价的

比率

Percent of the purchase price of property to its total appraised value.

1039 Equivalent 相等于 equal in value, force or meaning

1040 Equivalent plot ratio 从旧制的土地密集度换算成

现今的土地容积率

1041 e-Resale 电子申请购买转手组屋

1042 Error 误差 / 错误 a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

1043 Escalating cost 上升的成本 excess of cost over budge

1044 Escalation Clause 租约中’逐步升租’条款 provision in a rental agreement or other contract that stipulates for an increase in lease payments or in a contract price if a specified uncontrollable event occurs.

1045 Escalator 自动扶梯 a moving staircase consisting of stair treads fixed to a conveyor belt, for transporting passengers between levels, esp between the floors of a building

1046 Escape Clause 合约中允许签约者退出合约

的条款

Contractual provision allowing an individual or business to renege on a commitment in certain cases without being penalized.

1047 Escrow 由第三者保存 / 待交易完成

后即交出的买房现金或

尾数

A disinterested third party holds funds or documents on behalf of others and subject to their instructions.

1048 Escrow Agreement 保管金契约 - 由律师楼处理

与保管

(1) Document that lays down the conditions (or describes the event) upon fulfillment of (or occurrence) of which the escrow agent delivers the asset or document held in trust by him or her to the named second-party or beneficiary. (2) Document issued by a bank to certify that the securities or other assets listed in it are on deposit with the bank.

1049 Essential action 侵权法定义 - 关键行为 / 关

键举动

1050 Essential information

主要讯息

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1051 Essential Occupier 必要住户, 若无此住户申请者

将无法符合申请规则

1052 Essential terms and provisions

重要条款及条文

1053 Establishment 机构 / 建立的机构 / 公司 / 住

宅 / 企业

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

1054 e-Stamping 电子交付印花税 electronic [postage] stamp

1055 Estate 住宅区 / 产业 / 遗产 / 遗业权 The real and personal assets of a person at the date of death

1056 Estate agency agreement

地产代理公司与属下经纪的

协约

1057 Estate agency agreements (CEA prescribed forms 1 to 8)

房地产代理理事会指定协议

书 1至 8

1058 Estate agency work 地产代理工作

1059 Estate agent (Agency)

地产代理公司 an agent concerned with the valuation, management, lease, and sale of property

1060 Estate at Sufferance 租约期满后租户继续逗留在

屋内而因此成为非法闯

入者

The continued and illegal occupancy of property after a legal period of occupancy has expired.

1061 Estate at Will 租户在没有租约和没有交租

的情况下住进屋子里

A leasehold estate that can be determined by the lesser or lessee at any time.

1062 Estate duty 遗产税 (已废除) a levy paid by a person who inherits money or property or a tax on the estate (total value of the money and property) of a person who has died.

1063 Estate for Remainder

以租户有生之年为租约年限 refers to an estate which vests after the termination of the prior estate

1064 Estate in Perpetuity 永久地契

1065 Estate manager 产业管理员 is a person or firm charged with operating a real estate property for a fee, when the owner is unable to personally attend to such details, or is not interested in doing so

1066 Estate office 产业办事处

1067 Estate surveryor 产业测量师

1068 Estoppel 不容反悔 / 不可翻供 Barring an act. It may occur when an individual has improperly acted resulting in an unfair advantage over another party.

1069 Ethical responsibilities

道德责任

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1070 Ethics 操守及专业道德标准 The integrity, morals, and principles guiding an individual's or profession's actions.

1071 Ethnic communities 不同族群

1072 Ethnic groups 不同族群 people of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture.

1073 Ethnic integration limits

组屋区‘种族融合’限额

1074 Ethnic integration policy (HDB

指建屋与发展局所定下的种

族融合政策

is implemented to promote racial integration and harmony. The policy also aims to prevent the formation of racial enclaves by ensuring a balanced ethnic mix among the various ethnic communities living in public housing estates.

1075 Ethnic proportion 政府组屋区内不同族群的比

例

1076 Event of default 违约事件 / 失责事件 An action or circumstance that causes a lender to demand full repayment of an outstanding balance sooner than it was originally due.

1077 Eviction from property

被逐出产业 / 著令迁出产业

1078 Eviction of tenants 驱逐欠租或严重违规的租户 A landlord's legal removal of a tenant from his rental property.

1079 Evidence on oath 经宣誓作的证供

1080 Evidenced in writing 明文记载 / 有记录可考

1081 Ex-gratia payment 额外抚恤金 A sum of money paid when there was no obligation or liability to pay it. Ex gratia is Latin for "out of goodwilll." Also called ex gratia settlement.

1082 Exception 例外 / 也指国家售地时所保

留的某些土地权力

an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization

1083 Exclude / Exclusive 不包括 / 免除 / 排除 prevent from being included or considered or accepted

1084 Exclusion order 豁免管制令 / 豁除令 an official order by a court that tells someone not to go to a particular place

1085 Exclusive agency 独家代理 Restrictive agreement (involving a good, service, market, or territory) that binds a principal and an agent in an association under which neither can make any similar deals with the other's competitors (for a specified period)

1086 Exclusive listing 独家代理权 A real estate sale transaction in which a specified real estate agent stands to gain a commission if a property sells

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within a specified number of months, no matter how a buyer is found.

1087 Exclusive possession 独有占用权 The right to use and hold property, denying the use of that property by the other party.

1088 Exclusive right of possession

独有占用权

1089 Exclusive-right-to-sell agreement

独家代理合约 Formal agreement under which a real estate agent has the sole right to sell a specified property, usually within three months.

1090 Exculpatory Clause 抵押契约的其中条款声明借

贷者倘若无法偿还贷款

可交出地契

A provision in a contract under which either of two things is stipulated: (1) one party is relieved of any blame or liability arising from the other party's wrongdoing, or (2) one party (usually the one that drafted the agreement) is freed of all liability arising out of performance of that contract.

1091 Execute 签订 / 签立 / 正式签署/ 执行 To fulfill , complete, implement, perform, or carry out terms of an agreement including completing a signature on a contract and delivering a document to the intended party.

1092 Execution by deed 以签立契约来执行

1093 Executive 行政人员 / 主管人员 A person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization

1094 Executive Condominium (EC)

执行共管公寓 were introduced to cater to Singaporeans, especially young graduates and professionals who can afford more than an HDB flat but find private property out of their reach. ECs are comparable in design and facilities to private condominiums as they are developed and sold by private developers

1095 Executive flat 公寓式组屋 is above the size of 130sqm. The layout of the house consists of 4 bedrooms, 2 toilets, kitchen, dining hall, store room, living plus a balcony.

1096 Executive maisonette

双层式公寓式组屋 EM model - 145 sq.m( 4 bedrooms )

1097 Executor 遗嘱执行人 A person named in a will to carry out its terms and administer the estate. The feminine form is Executrix

1098 Exempt properties 不必缴交产业税的产业,如庙 Real estate not subject to property tax

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宇,学校等 such as that owned by nonprofit entities including charitable, governmental, religious institutions.

1099 Exempt supplies 不必缴交消费税的服务与货

品供应

an item or service on which VAT is not levied, for example, the purchase of, or rent on, real estate and financial services

1100 Exemption order 豁免令

1101 Exercisable 可予行使 The discharge of a duty, function, or office.

1102 Exercise due care and due diligence

以应尽的小心及努力行事

1103 Exercising OTP 行使认购权

1104 Exhaust fan 抽气扇 Fan with an opening to the outside air that lets stale or hot air exit the structure; usually used in a kitchen when cooking or in a bathroom that does not have a window. It is used for ventilation purpose.

1105 Exhaust hood 排油烟罩 / 烟罩 metal covering leading to a vent that exhausts smoke or fumes

1106 Existing tenancy 现有租约

1107 Expatriate 移居国外的人 a person who lives in a foreign country

1108 Expeditious / expeditiously

迅速有效的 Acting or done with speed and efficiency.

1109 Expenditure / Expenses

开支 The act or process of expending; outlay.

1110 Expert 专家 A person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject.

1111 Expertise 专长 Skill or knowledge in a particular area.

1112 Expiration 有效期届满 a coming to an end of a contract period

1113 Expiration of licence 牌照有效期届满

1114 Expiry 有效期届满 An expiration, especially of a contract or an agreement.

1115 Expiry date 届满日期 The date on which something, such as a warranty or license, is no longer valid or in effect.

1116 Expiry of government lease

政府租契期满

1117 Expiry of tenancy 租约期满

1118 Explanatory statement

说明文 is an introductory and explanatory statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy

1119 Exposure 行销活动所带来的市场意识 Person or business susceptible to loss

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on an investment, such as a high-risk speculation

1120 Express agreement 明确协议 / 明文协议 A contract, either oral or written, which contains the intentions of the involved parties in words.

1121 Express and implied authority

明示和隐含的授权

1122 Express term 合约中的明确条文 Provision in a contract that is clearly, directly, and unmistakably communicated in written or spoken words.

1123 Expression of interest

不具约束力的献意或建议书 Informal letter sent from an interested private equity firm to a seller that answers questions a seller has for prospective buyers.

1124 Expressway 高速公路 A major divided highway designed for high-speed travel, having few or no intersections

1125 Extended balcony 延伸阳台

1126 Extended famly 大家庭 A family group that consists of parents, children, and other close relatives, often living in close proximity.

1127 Extended lot 增建地段

1128 Extended structure 扩建建筑物 / 扩建物

1129

Extension of lease / tenancy

延长租约 An agreement extending or renewing the terms of a lease for a period beyond the expiration date.

1130 External renovation 房屋外部的粉饰工程

1131 External wall 外墙 An outer wall of a building not being party wall even through adjoining to a wall of another building and also means a wall abutting on an interior open space of any building

1132 Extra terms 额外条款

1133 Extrinsic value 外在价值, 如买家的偏爱 The difference between an option's market price and its intrinsic value. In theory, options should not trade above their intrinsic value due to the time value associated with option pricing.

F

1134 Façade 建筑物的正面与外观 External front wall to a structure

1135 Facebook 面簿 the name of a social-networking service and Web site, launched in 2004.

1136 Facility 设施 / 设备 A term used to describe financial assistance programs offered by lending

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institutions to help companies requiring capital

1137 Factor 因素 a business that makes loans in return for or on security of trade debts

1138 Factor analysis 因素分析 Statistical technique that can uncover relationship patterns underlying hundreds of interacting phenomenon such as changes in interest rates, inflation, and/or oil prices

1139 Factor in 考虑在内 to take account of (something) when making a calculation

1140 Factors of production

房地产的生产元素如土地, 资

金, 人工与企业精神

An economic term to describe the inputs that are used in the production of goods or services in the attempt to make an economic profit.

1141 Failure to complete 无法完成交易

1142 Fair market rent 公平市值租金 The rent a property commands in a free and open market setting.

1143 Fair market value 一个通情达理, 适任和有财力

的买方与卖方俩厢情

愿所达成的价钱

The amount that could be received on the sale of real estate when there exists a willing buyer and a willing seller.

1144 Fair wear and tear 自然耗损 damage that occurs during normal use or something that happens due to aging

1145 False ceiling 假天花板 ceiling that is suspended below the original ceiling usually to conceal an ugly, or too high ceiling or to install flourescents with translucent panels to give the effect of the entire ceiling being lit up. lots of reasons and methods but basically is just a 2nd ceiling concealing the original.

1146 False declaration 虚假声明 / 虚报 refers to a misrepresentation of the value of currency or bearer negotiable instruments being transported, or a misrepresentation of other relevant data which is asked for in the declaration or otherwise requested by the authorities

1147 False or misleading information

虚假或误导性资料

1148 Family nucleus 家庭核心 unit composed of father, mother and own children living together.

1149 Feasibility study 可行性调查 / 市场考查 Evaluation of a contemplated project or course of action, according to pre-establisher criteria to determine if the

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proposal meets the requirements of the property owner. An analysis is also made of alternative means if accomplishing the task.

1150 Fee Simple Absolute 永久地契 An estate limited absolutely to an owner and his or her heirs in perpetuity and without limitation, entitling the owner to all of the property involved as well as having unlimited ability to divide it among his heirs.

1151 Fee Simple Estate 永久地契 The law recognizes this form of estate (ownership) in real estate as the highest form. The property owner is entitled to full enjoyment of the property, limited only by zoning laws, deed or subdivision restrictions or covenants.

1152 Fence 篱笆 / 围墙 Connected group of wires, woods, or other materials surrounding real property to either protect it or act as a barrier against others.

1153 Fenced-up area / fenced-up security

有围墙保安的私人住宅区

1154 Feng Shui 风水 The Chinese art or practice of positioning objects, especially graves, buildings, and furniture, based on a belief in patterns of yin and yang and the flow of chi that have positive and negative effects.

1155 Feudal system 封建制度 the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war

1156 Fiance / fiancee 未婚夫妻 a man who is engaged to be married / a woman who is engaged to be married.

1157 Fiancé / Fiancée Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申请计划

中的 ‘未婚夫妻’组别

allows a couple intending to get married to buy an HDB flat from the open market.

1158 Fidelity 忠诚 Faithfulness to obligations, duties, or observances

1159 Fiduciary 信托 An individual, corporation or association holding assets for another party, often with the legal authority and duty to make decisions regarding financial matters on behalf of the other

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party.

1160 Fiduciary capacity 受信人 A person is said to act in a fiduciary capacity when business is transacted, or money and property are handled for the benefit of another. The term is not limited to technical or express trusts, but may also apply to such offices or relations as attorneys, guardians, executors, brokers, and agents.

1161 Fiduciary duty 受信责任 is a legal or ethical relationship of confidence or trust between two or more parties

1162 Fiduciary relationship

关系 / 信托关系 where one person places complete confidence in another in regard to a particular transaction or one's general affairs or business.

1163 Final and binding 最终及具有约束力的

1164 Final determination 最终裁定 The end, the conclusion, of a right or authority

1165 Final Order (Divorce)

离婚最终判决 refers to the court’s final order granting a termination of marriage

1166 Final settlement 还清 / 结清欠款 an agreement reached by the parties to a lawsuit, usually in writing and/or read into the record in court, settling all issues

1167 Financial costs 成本 / 费用 represents the rate of return required by investors which provide a company with funds.

1168 Financial leverage 通过融资投资房地产 The use of borrowed money to increase production volume, and thus sales and earnings. It is measured as the ratio of total debt to total assets. The greater the amount of debt, the greater the financial leverage.

1169 Financial obligation 财务上的承诺和负担 an obligation to pay money to another party

1170 Financial penalty 罚款

1171 Financial plan 财务计划 / 财务规划 A comprehensive evaluation of an investor's current and future financial state by using currently known variables to predict future cash flows, asset values and withdrawal plans.

1172 Financial prudence 财物处理时的谨慎

1173 Financial Year (FY) 财政年度 identifies the beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in

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any month

1174 Finder’s fee 给介绍人(并非房屋经纪 )的

介绍费

Amount paid to a person or business for bringing the parties together in a business arrangement.

1175 Finishing 手工质地 / 修饰 Bring (a task or activity) to an end

1176 Finite 有限的 something that has a limit that can't be exceeded

1177 Fire alarm system 火警警报系统 is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion

1178 Fire break 防火障 / 隔火道 / 防火道 A strip of cleared or plowed land used to stop the spread of a fire

1179 Fire escape 安全出口 / 太平梯 A structure or device, such as an outside stairway attached to a building, erected for emergency exit in the event of fire.

1180 Fire insurance 火险 Insurance that is used to cover damage to a property caused by fire.

1181 Fire main 消防水管 a pipe for water, to be used in putting out fire

1182 Fire resistance door 抗火门 / 防火门 A door made of fire-resistant material that can be closed to prevent the spread of fire

1183 Fire Safety & Shelter Department (FSSD)

新加坡民防部队属下的建筑

物防火安全部门

places great importance in the selection of buildings products with respect to fire safety of buildings

1184 Fire safety requirement

建筑物防火措施

1185 Fire service installation and equipment

消防装置和设备

1186 Fire station 消防局 is a structure or other area set aside for storage of firefighting apparatus such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment

1187 Fire-hose reel system

消防喉系统 is intended for the occupant to use during the early stages of fire and comprises hose reel pumps, fire water tank, hose reels, pipe work and valves

1188 First assignment 首次转让

1189 First charge 第一法定押记 Standard legal charge used to secure the main (first) mortgage property. It gives the lender the first call on any funds available from the sale of the property.

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1190 First mortgage 第一抵押 Initial or senior mortgage on property. It comes before all subsequent mortgages, and the mortgage has precedence in payment if default occurs.

1191 First owner 第一屋主 initial user of real estate property, such as the first tenant in a newly constructed apartment building or office building

1192 First right of refusal 优先被考虑的持权者, 如现任

租户

Right of an individual to be offered something before it is offered to others.

1193 First-timer home buyer / First timer (HDB)

首次享有津贴组屋者 / 首次

申请者

one who has not enjoy any housing subsidy.

1194 Fit and proper / Fit and proper person

适当人选 a common term that describes an assessment of an individual’s suitability for a specific occupation or privilege.

1195 Fit for human habitation

适合居住 the act of dwelling in or living permanently in a place

1196 Fitness centre 健身室 / 健体中心 a place which houses exercise equipment for the purpose of physical exercise.

1197 Fitting-out works 装修工程

1198 Fittings 屋内可移动的装置 Furnishings or fixtures.

1199 Fittings and finishes 内部装修和装置

1200 Five-foot way 走道 / 五脚基 are pedestrian walkways indented into the ground floor of a building from the road, so that the overhanging upper floors can provide a cover to shield pedestrians from the sun and rain

1201 Fixed assets 固定资产 A long-term tangible piece of property that a firm owns and uses in the production of its income and is not expected to be consumed or converted into cash any sooner than at least one year's time.

1202 Fixed rate loan 固定利率贷款 A loan in which the interest rate does not change during the entire term of the loan

1203 Fixed rate mortgage 定息抵押 A mortgage that has a fixed interest rate for the entire term of the loan

1204 Fixed rate stamp fee 固定印花税

1205 Fixed sum 固定金额 A single sum of money that serves as complete payment.

1206 Fixed term leases / tenancy

定期租赁 / 固定租约 lasts for some fixed period of time. It has a definite beginning date and a

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definite ending date.

1207 Fixer-upper 通过装修或重建来提高产业

的价值

A house or other dwelling that is badly in need of repair, usually for sale at a low price

1208 Fixture / Fixtures 固定附着物 A fixed asset whose utility is derived from its physical attachment to a property and which usually cannot value or damage. A fixture, under the terms of a lease or other agreement, can be detached.

1209 Flat 住屋单位 / 政府组屋 A building having one house hold on the first floor and a second household on the second floor.

1210 Flat lease 租金维持不变的租约 Lease agreement having level payments during the contractual period.

1211 Flatted factories 分层式的工厂大楼 An industrial building of more than one storey, usually with two or more goods lifts, and constructed or converted for multiple occupation.

1212 Flatted factory Unit 分层工厂大厦单位

1213 Flip / Flipping 转让认购权的俗称 To move or act on with a quick motion

1214 Floating 浮动款项 Amount of funds represented by checks that have been issued but not yet collected.

1215 Floating charge 浮动押记 A security (i.e. mortgage, lien, etc.) that has an underlying asset or group of assets which is subject to change in quantity and value.

1216 Floating interest rate

浮动利率 Interest rate on a loan that varies periodically based on some related measure.

1217 Floating rate mortgage

浮动利率抵押 a mortgage loan with the interest rate on the note periodically adjusted based on an index which reflects the cost to the lender of borrowing on the credit markets

1218 Floor 楼层 / 楼面 The lower or supporting surface of a structure.

1219 Floor area 楼面面积 The aggregate superficial area of a building, taking each floor into account.

1220 Floor level 楼层

1221 Floor loading 楼面负荷量 Maximum weight per square foot a floor can support.

1222 Floor plan 楼面平面图 The arrangement of the walls and rooms in a structure. A two-dimensional horizontal scale drawing of

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the arrangements, size, and orientation of doors, rooms, walls, and windows of a single floor of a building structure.

1223 Floor plate 楼盘 A flat board on a floor used to support wall studs.

1224 Floor slab 地台 / 地板 / 楼板 / 水泥板 the slab forming the floor of a usu. reinforced-concrete structure

1225 Floor space 楼面 the area of a floor

1226 Floor tile 地砖 A ceramic, glazed or unglazed paver, quarry or mosaic tile resistant to abrasion and impact.

1227 Flower bed 花床 / 花圃 / 花槽 a bed in which flowers are growing

1228 Flyer 传单 a rectangular step in a straight flight of stairs

1229 Flyover 汽车天桥 an intersection of two roads at which one is carried over the other by a bridge

1230 Folding gate 折闸

1231 Font 字形 A receptacle for holy water

1232 Font size 字形的大小

1233 Food and beverages outlet

餐厅 / 酒楼

1234 Footnote 文末的脚注 an additional comment, as to a main statement

1235 Footpath / Footway 行人走道 a narrow path for walkers only

1236 For Sale by Owner (FSBO)

屋主自己行销 Owner of property tries to sell it by himself and not through a real estate broker. The owner may advertise the property in the newspaper and have a "for sale" sign outside his house. The advantages to the owner are avoiding the brokerage commission and greater flexibility.

1237 Force majeure 不可抗力, 如天灾 An unpreventable, overwhelming, and irresistible force. It is common to place a force majeure clause in a construction contract to indemnify a construction deadline in the event an act of God should occur which prevents a timely completion of the contract.

1238 Forced sale 银行逼卖 Sale of property where the seller in unable to allow current market prices an conditions determine the actual selling price.In a forced sale, the property owner is selling under duress complying with court judgment specifying a specific sale date and other

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judicially determined sale conditions. A foreclosure sale is an example of a forced sale.

1239 Forced savings 强制性储蓄, 如中央公积金 Economic situation in which consumers spend less than their disposable income, not because they want to save but because the goods they seek are not available.

1240 Foreclosure 取消赎回（抵押品的）权利

/ 止赎权

A legal means whereby the owner of property loses his legal rights and interests therein. It arises from a default on the part of the mortgagor in paying a mortgage lien or taxes against the property. In a foreclosure, the creditor takes over the property through a judicial order and the property is sold at auction. The proceeds received are used to pay the mortgagee any remaining balance and back taxes. The remainder is distributed to the original owner of the property.

1241 Foreclosure Order 止赎令 Court order issued on behalf of a lender (mortgagee) or lienholder (lienor) depriving a defaulting borrower (mortgagor) or lienee of his or her ownership rights (title) to the mortgaged property

1242 Foreign beneficiary of land

外国人获得遗产

1243 Foreign company 外国公司 defined as one that is incorporated outside Singapore

1244 Foreign person / foreigner

外国人 used to describe a person who is not a citizen of the host country in which he or she is residing or temporarily sojourning

1245 Foreign purchaser 外国买家

1246 Forfeit 没收 / 丧失所有权 Something surrendered or subject to surrender as punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract.

1247 Forfeiture Clause 租约中阐明屋主可取消租约

的条款

These clauses normally arise in contract where there is a purchase of goods by installments and the contract provides that should the purchaser default on any installment then he must surrender the goods, at the same time forfeiting

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any installments already paid. They are designed to ensure that the contract will be performed.

1248 Forfeiture of initial deposit

没收预付订金

1249 Forfeiture of property right

没收产业权 / 丧失产业权

1250 Forfeiture of tenancy

没收 / 丧失租赁权 provides a clear and practical explanation of the rules and restrictions governing the rights and obligations of landlords and tenants. It explains the key points of the law and takes the reader through each stage of the process.

1251 Formalities 正式合约 / 形式上的手续 The rigid observance of rules of convention or etiquette.

1252 Foundation works 地基工程

1253 Framework 一个机制的框架 a structural plan or basis of a project

1254 Fraud 诈骗 / 舞弊 / 欺诈行为 Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain.

1255 Fraudulent / Corrupt / Dishonest Act

欺诈 / 贪污舞弊 / 不诚实行

为

acting with or having the intent to deceive

1256 Fraudulent misrepresentation

有意不符事实的陈述 Instance of false statement where (1) the party making the statement is aware that it is false or disregards the possibility of it being false, (2) the party making the statement does so to induce another party to enter into a contract, and (3) the other party enters the contract as a result of the statement and consequently suffers a loss.

1257 Free from encumbrances

不受任何约束与负担(如银行

抵押)的地契

Free from any claim or lien on a parcel of real property.

1258 Free market value 自由买卖市值 A price determined purely by the forces of supply and demand without interference from an outside source, such as a government.

1259 Freedom of testation

个人拥有立遗嘱的权力与自

由

Right of a person to divide his or her estate in any manner he or she chooses

1260 Freehold 永久地契 ownership of property with the right to pass it on through inheritance

1261 Freehold estates 永久地契权 Exclusive right to enjoy the possession and use of a parcel of land or other asset for an indefinite period.

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1262 French window 落地窗 A pair or one of a pair of windows extending to the floor and opening in the middle

1263 Frontage 露面阔度 / 铺面阔度 / 面向

街道

Linear measurement of property abutting a road or water body acting as a boundary market.

1264 Front-end money 预付定金 Funds required to start a development and generally advanced by the developer or equity owner as a capital contribution to the project.

1265 Frustration 履行受到阻挠, 如天灾 / 合约

受挫失效

an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts

1266 Fulfilment of covenants

履行契诺

1267 Fulfilment of minimum terms

履行最低要求

1268 Full and final settlement

结清 / 还清所有欠款 An offer to repay a percentage of the debt owed from a debtor to a creditor on the condition the creditor agrees to write off the remaining balance.

1269 Full disclosure 完全披露 Requirement for a real estate broker to provide all known information about the condition of the subject property.

1270 Full fulfilment of terms

完全履行条文

1271 Full market value 场价值 also referred to as the asking price. It is paying or receiving the full price of the home.

1272 Full premium 全数地价 / 全数保费

1273 Full redemption / fully redeem

还清所有欠款

1274 Full reinstatement value

恢复原状的全值

1275 Function room 宴会厅 a room in a hotel, pub, sports centre, that is used for parties, meetings

1276 Functional depreciation

实质折旧 Decline in the productive or service ability of a capital asset due to obsolescence.

1277 Functional obsolescence

功能过时, 设计不合时宜导致

折旧

A reduction in the usefulness or desirability of an object because of an outdated design feature, usually one that cannot be easily changed. The term is commonly used in real estate, but has a wide application.

1278 Functional space 可使用的楼面

1279 Functional utility 实质用途 The ability of a property or building to be useful and to perform the function

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for which it is intended according to market tastes and standards; the efficiency of a building's use in terms of architectural style, design and layout, traffic patterns and the size and type of rooms.

1280 Fundamental term 基本条款

1281 Funding 融资 / 筹款 Providing financial resources to finance a need, program, or project.

1282 Furnished letting 包括家具出租

1283 Furniture and electrical appliances

家私与电器

1284 Furniture and fittings

家私及装置

1285 Furtherance 助长 / 促进 / 推动 encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something

1286 Future interest 未来权益, 如产业在租期届满

后归还

a right to receive either real property or personal property some time in the future, either upon a particular date or upon the occurrence of an event

1287 Future prospect 未来展望 Potential success

G

1288 Gain 卖出价在还清欠款后所得收

益

An increase in wealth or resources

1289 Gain access 进入(某地)

1290 Gain Tax 资本利得税 A type of tax levied on gains incurred by individuals and corporations

1291 Gainful employment 受雇 / 有薪金的职业 is a legal term that was created to given meaning to various types of training, especially training provided by institutes of higher learning

1292 Gainfully employed 从事有薪金的职业

1293 Garage 车房 A building or shed for housing a motor vehicle or vehicles.

1294 Garnishment 扣押债权的通知 A court order directing that money or property of a third party be seized to satisfy a debt owed

1295 Gas cooker 煤气炉 a range with gas rings and an oven for cooking with gas

1296 Gas main 煤气总管 A major pipeline conveying gas to smaller pipes for distribution to consumers

1297 Gas pipe 煤气管 a structure for transporting gaseous fuels over long distances (hundreds or thousands of kilometers) from the

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point of extraction or production to the points of consumption.

1298 Gas water heater 煤气热水炉

1299 Gated community 高档共管住宅区, 如聚落式共

管有地住宅区

A residential area with roads that have gates to control the movement of traffic and people into and out of the area.

1300 Gazette 政府宪报 A journal or newspaper

1301 Gazette Notice 宪报公告

1302 Gazump 指房屋议定价格后再抬价 /

或屋主决定不卖了

ask an unreasonable price

1303 Gazunder 买方出价后又决定减价 When a buyer reduces his or her bid for a property before the transaction has been signed and finalized.

1304 Geared investment 通过借贷方式买下的房产 an investment company that borrows money in order to increase its portfolio

1305 Gearing 尚欠借款 / 也指贷款额与房

产净值的比率

A fundamental analysis ratio of a company's level of long-term debt compared to its equity capital. Gearing is expressed in percentage form.

1306 Gender 性别 is used to describe the characteristics, roles and responsibilities of women and men, boys and girls, which are socially constructed

1307 General condition 一般条件 / 普通条款 Contract conditions, usually included in the book of specifications (or in the accompanying architectural drawings) of a contract, that set the minimum performance requirements for the contractor.

1308 General Interbank Recurring Order (GIRO)

财路转帐服务 is an automated electronic payment service which allows you to make monthly payment to the billing organization (BO) from your bank account directly

1309 General lien 一般扣押权 A broad-based claim against several properties owned by a defaulting party.

1310 General partner 普通合伙人 usually one of the owners and operators of a partnership, which is a joint business entered into for profit, in which responsibility for management, profits, and, most importantly, the liability for debts is shared by the general partners

1311 Generator 发电机 A dynamo or similar machine for converting mechanical energy into

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electricity

1312 Geographic sectors 地区 / 在市区规划方面, 我国

共分为 118地区

Those relating to the place or environment where that individual spends, or has spent, a proportion of their time

1313 Geographical Targeted Area (GTA)

行销策略中的重点区

1314 Geotechnical survey 土力测量 is a process in which the physical properties of a site are assessed for the purpose of determining which uses of the site will be safe

1315 Gifts of property 赠与产业

1316 Give evidence under Oath

宣誓作供

1317 Glass louvres 玻璃百叶窗 are versatile as a building element used in residential and commercial developments effectively managing air and light ambience

1318 Global Investor Program

新加坡政府为吸取更多外来

人才所实行的 ‘国际投

资者计划’

This is a program for high net worth individuals having a substantial business track record, an entrepreneurial background and a business proposal or investment plan as regards their future plans in Singapore.

1319 Going-concern value 非实质因素对一项产业所贡

献的增值, 如公司品牌

The value of a company as an ongoing entity. This value differs from the value of a liquidated company's assets, because an ongoing operation has the ability to continue to earn profit, while a liquidated company does not.

1320 Golf course 高尔夫球场 A large tract of land laid out for golf

1321 Golf driving range 高尔夫球练习场 An area set aside for practice

1322 Good Class Bungalow (GCB)

顶级独立式别墅 / 优质别墅 is used by the Urban Renewal Authority to categorize an exclusive category of housing which will be low rise

1323 Good faith 在买卖双方都不被逼迫或受

骗的情况下达成的公平

交易

a sincere intention to deal fairly with others

1324 Good title 良好 / 妥善的业权 is that which entitles a man by right to a property or estate, and to the lawful possession of the same

1325 Good-faith deposit 在签租约前所预先付给的定

金 / 押金

A deposit paid by a buyer to a seller to demonstrate intention to complete the purchase

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1326

Goods and Services Tax (GST)

消费税 A consumption tax imposed by the Commonwealth levied on the provision of goods and services

1327

Goods lift 载货电梯 A freight-elevator; a device for raising or lowering freight

1328 Goodwill 善意 / 诚意 An account that can be found in the assets portion of a company's balance sheet. Goodwill can often arise when one company is purchased by another company. In an acquisition, the amount paid for the company over book value usually accounts for the target firm's intangible assets.

1329 Governing body 管理组织 the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something

1330 Government bond 国家债券 / 公债 A debt security issued by a government to support government spending, most often issued in the country's domestic currency

1331 Government grant 政府批地书 A financial award given by the federal, state or local government to an eligible grantee.

1332 Government land 政府土地 A fractional section in the rectangular survey or government survey system that is less than a one-quarter section in area.

1333 Government land licence

政府土地牌照

1334 Government Land Sale (GLS) Programme

政府售地计划

1335 Grace period 宽限期 in which a debt may be paid without accruing further interest or penalty

1336 Graded Resale Levy (HDB)

转售抽润 / 政府组屋转手时

屋主必需将部分原先享

有的新屋津贴偿还给建屋与

发展局

was subsequently implemented in 1982 whereby sellers of public housing could choose to pay either a graded resale levy on their first dwelling or a fixed premium on their second unit when they purchase another new public housing from HDB.

1337 Graduated lease 租金随市场状况波动的租约 A lease used mainly in long-term leases

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which provides for a varying rental rate often based upon a future determination where sometimes the rent is based upon the result of periodical appraisals. See Step-Up Lease.

1338 Grandfather rights 豁免权 A provision in the law that occurs when a law is changed or passed where a specific activity that was legal under the previous law is allowed to continue.

1339 Grant 政府津贴 A technical legal term that has the same effect as

1340 Grant of land 批地 is a gift of real estate – land or its privileges – made by a government or other authority as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service

1341 Grant quantum 津贴金额

1342 Green belt 绿色保留地段 A belt of recreational parks, farmland, or uncultivated land surrounding a community.

1343 Green field site 一块即将首次被开发的土地

1344 Gross development value

一栋新建在集体出售产业旧

址的大楼的总卖出价减

去其建筑成本所得的估计盈

利

The expected property value, all circumstances being ‘normal’, when sold to a willing purchaser on the open market

1345 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

国内生产总值 The monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis.

1346 Gross Floor Area (GFA)

楼面总面积 / 建筑楼面面积 The sum of the gross horizontal areas of the floor of the building measured from the exterior faces of the exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating two buildings

1347 Gross income 总受入 / 所得总额 The total income from a property before any expenses are deducted.

1348

Gross monthly household Income

每月家庭总受入 The gross monthly household income is the total taxable and nontaxable income, including public assistance payments, pensions, disability and worker compensation payments insurance annuities

1349 Gross National Product (GNP)

国民生产总值 The total dollar value of all final goods and services produced in an economy for consumption in society during a

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particular time period.

1350 Gross Plot Ratio 总容积率 is the total gross floorspace divided by the gross site area

1351 Gross rent 租金总受入 The annual amount of income that is received from rental units before the deduction of expenses.

1352 Gross salary 总薪金收入 Aggregate amount of wages received on a regular basis, usually weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly prior to any deductions such a federal and state taxes

1353 Gross sale 销售总额 The total amount of sales as shown by invoices before deducting returns allowances etc.

1354 Gross site area 地盘总面积

1355 Ground floor / level 地面层 The floor of a building at or nearest ground level

1356 Guarantee 担保 / 保证 A commitment by a third party to make good in the event of a default by a party to a contract, by paying the money or providing the performance due from the defaulting party

1357 Guardhouse 护卫员室 / 警卫员室 / 警卫

室

A building accommodating a guard who controls entrance to the grounds of a house, housing development, school, or other facility

1358 Guardian 监护人 A party lawfully appointed by a court who is vested with the power and duty to care for and manage the affairs of a person who is legally incompetent and unable to do so himself.

1359 Guest house 宾馆 A private house offering accommodations to paying guests

H

1360 Habendum Clause 在租约中说明租约何时正式

开始的条款

The clause in a deed beginning with the words " to have and to hold" limiting or defining the ownership nature of the estate in the property granted by the deed. Declares the type of ownership conveyed whether it is fee simple or a life estate or some other interest.

1361 Half Housing Grant (HDB)

半额公积金购屋津贴 a first-timer citizen and his/her spouse has previously enjoyed a housing subsidy

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1362 Halt 停止 / 不再继续

A suspension of movement or progress, especially a temporary one

1363 Harassing tactics 骚扰的伎俩 methods used to torment someone or something

1364 Harassment 骚扰 the act of systematic and/or continued unwanted and annoying actions of one party or a group, including threats and demands.

1365 Harbour 海港 / 窝藏 a sheltered port where ships can take on or discharge cargo

1366 Harbouring 窝藏逾期逗留者 / 窝藏罪犯 To shelter (a vessel) in a harbour

1367 Hazardous installation

危险装置 A fixed industrial plant/site at which hazardous substances are produced, processed, handled, stored, used or disposed of in such a form and quantity that there is a risk of an accident involving hazardous substance(s) that could cause serious harm to human health or damage to the environment, including property.

1368 Hazardous substance

危险物质 An element, compound, mixture or preparation which, by virtue of its chemical, physical or (eco)toxicological properties, constitutes a hazard

1369 HDB Commercial Property

建屋与发展局商用产业

1370 HDB concessionary interest (subsidised) loan

建屋与发展局优惠贷款 is pegged at 0.1 percentage point above the prevailing CPF interest rate. It is revised every quarterly, in January, April, July and October each year, in line with the revision in the CPF interest rate.

1371 HDB concessionary loan

建屋与发展局的优惠贷款 the interest rate of this loan is pegged at 0.1% above the interest rate in the CPF Ordinary Account.

1372 HDB land lease 建屋与发展局的售地计划

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1373 HDB Loan Eligibility (HLE) Letter

建屋与发展局贷款合格书 give an indication of the loan you are eligible for but the final or NET loan that is given will depend on HDB's prevailing conditions governing the granting of loans such as the loan ceiling of 90% of selling price or value of the flat, and the amount of CPF in your ordinary account.

1374 Hearing 聆汛 / 审讯 A legal proceeding where an issue of law or fact is tried and evidence is presented to help determine the issue.

1375 Hearing before the Referee

听审 A case is only fixed for a hearing before a Referee when the parties to a dispute are unable or unwilling to come to an amicable settlement through the mediation efforts at Consultation.

1376 Heartland estate 平民区 / 政府组屋区 A central region, especially one that is politically, economically, or militarily vital to a nation, region, or culture.

1377 Heater 热水炉 / 加热器 An apparatus that heats or provides heat

1378 Hedge 保值 / 对冲 A row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees forming a fence or boundary.

1379 Height restriction 高度限制 restrict the maximum height of structures.

1380 Heirs 遗产的合法继承人 Individuals who are legally entitled to inherit money and property when someone dies.

1381 hereafter (法律用语) 此后 From now on

1382 hereby (法律用语) 特此,兹此 As a result of this document or utterance

1383 herefrom (法律用语) 从此, 由此 from this place/source

1384 herein (法律用语) 根据本约所列条

款

in or into this place, thing, document

1385 Hereinafter 法律用语) 以下 Further on in this document

1386 hereinbefore (法律用语) 上文中 Before this point in this document

1387 hereinto (法律用语) 此中, 到这里 Into this circumstance, matter, place, or situation

1388 hereof (法律用语) 于此,关于 of or concerning this

1389 hereto (法律用语) 至此 To this matter or document

1390 Hereto have set their hands and seals

(法律用语) 契约为据

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1391 hereunder (法律用语) 在此之下, 在下文

As provided for under the terms of this document

1392 herewith (法律用语) 因此,随此 With this document

1393 Heriditaments 可被续承的产业权利 Any and all kinds of estates, interest and rights in real estate that can be inherited.

1394 Heterogeneity 异类 / 房地产的异质性 the quality of being diverse and not comparable in kind

1395 High Court 高等法院 A supreme court of justice

1396 High end 高档 / 高贵 / 价格昂贵 Appealing to sophisticated and discerning customers

1397 Highest and best use

指一项产业在合法的情况下

可获得的最高回报的用

途

a concept in real estate appraisal that shows how the highest value for a property is arrived.

1398 High-rise block 多层大厦 / 高楼大厦 Indicating or being a multistoried building equipped with elevators

1399 Highway 高速公路 A main road, esp. one connecting major towns or cities

1400 Hinder 防碍 / 阻挠 / 阻碍

Create difficulties for (someone or something), resulting in delay or obstruction.

1401 Historical cost 产业最原先的买价 - 有异于

转售价

A measure of value used in accounting in which the price of an asset on the balance sheet is based on its nominal or original cost when acquired by the company

1402 Holding company 股权公司 / 控股公司 / 母公

司

Company formed for the purpose of owning securities of one or more real estate corporations and assuming control over their practices and management.

1403 Holding fund 投资者即将用到的买房资金 Funds that are retained in an account until a certain event occurs.

1404 Holding period 持有期间 The time period a real estate investment is held.

1405 Home Improvement Programme (HIP)

家居改善计划 helps flat owners to deal with common maintenance problems related to ageing flats, such as spalling concrete and ceiling leaks, in a systematic and comprehensive manner.

1406 Home Office Scheme

家居办公室计划 implemented on 10 Jun 2003. Under the Scheme, HDB flats can be used as a home office and for business registration

1407 Home Ownership Scheme

居者有其屋计划

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1408 Home Protection Insurance

家居保险 a mortgage-reducing insurance scheme which helps the insured members and their families pay off their outstanding housing loans in the event of the insured members' permanent incapacity or premature death before age 65.

1409 Home Protection Scheme (HDB)

房产贷款保险 a mortgage reducing insurance which insures CPF members and their families against losing their homes should members become physically / mentally incapacitated or pass away before their housing loans are paid up.

1410 Home warranty programme

家居保险 offers protection against repair or replacement costs on the home’s major working components for up to three months during the conveyancing period for seller, and one year for the purchaser.

1411 Honour promises 履行承诺

1412 Hospital 医院 An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured people.

1413 Household size 家庭成员人数 Number of individuals occupying a housing unit

1414 Household status (HDB)

指家庭成员是否拥有其他房

产或产权

1415 Housing & Development Board (HDB)

建屋与发展局 Singapore's public housing authority and a statutory board under the Ministry of National Development.

1416 Housing and Development Act

建屋与发展法令

1417 Housing & Urban Development Corporation (HUDC)

建屋与发展局中等入息公寓

a housing option for middle-income citizen families

1418 Housing Developers 房地产发展商

1419 Housing Developers (Control and Licencing) Act

房地产发展商监管与注册法

令

An Act for the licensing and control of housing developers.

1420 Housing estate 住宅区 a residential area where the houses were all planned and built at the same time.

1421 Housing options 住屋的选择 Assistance for seniors comes in many forms, dependant on the level of care the person needs

1422 Housing policy 住屋政策

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1423 Housing stock 房屋单位总数 the total number of dwelling units in an area.

1424 Hybrid loan 混合性房屋贷款 These contain features of both an adjustable rate mortgage and a fixed rate mortgage and are easier to qualify for than conventional loans.

1425 Hydrant 消防龙头 an outlet from a water main, usually consisting of an upright pipe with a valve attached, from which water can be tapped for fighting fires

I

1426 Identification 识别 the act of identifying or the state of being identified

1427 Identification document

身份证明文件 any document which may be used to verify aspects of a person's personal identity

1428 Illegal contract 非法合约 Contract whose formation, object, or performance is so iniquitous, against the law of the land, or contrary to public policy, that no court will entertain or enforce it

1429 Illegal structure 违例建筑物

1430 Illegal tenant 非法租户

1431 Illegal use 非法用途

1432 Illiquidity 不能立即付现 Inability to sell an investment to obtain cash in the short-term without incurring a significant loss. Real Estate is typically not liquid because of the inability to sell property to raise cash quickly.

1433 Ill-repute 坏名声 / 有损名誉 Bad reputation

1434 Illustration 说明 / 事例 a visual representation (a picture or diagram) that is used make some subject more pleasing or easier to understand

1435 Immobility of real estate

地产的不动性 Unable to move a structure so it must stay where it is. Except for mobile homes, property is fixed at a particular site.

1436 Immovable 不动 Impossible to move

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1437 Immovable property 不动产 property that has a fixed location and cannot be moved or transferred elsewhere

1438 Immunity 豁免权 Exemption from normal legal duties, penalties, or liabilities, granted to a special group of people

1439 Impartial and just 公平及公正

1440 Implicit cost 与机会成本同意 / 隐含或隐

性成本

The return foregone from an alternative employment of time or facilities.

1441 Implied by custom 约定俗成的非明文规定

1442 Implied by statute 非明文隐含法规

1443 Implied condition 隐含的条件 / 没有明文规定

的条件

A provision not explicitly stated in an agreement, but considered as an important item.

1444 Implied conditions in lease of State lands

租用国家土地所必须遵守的

隐含条件

1445 Implied cost 与机会成本同意 A cost that is represented by lost opportunity in the use of a company's own resources, excluding cash.

1446 Implied covenant 隐含契诺 is one inferred or implied in law to effectuate the intention of the parties from the words used

1447 Implied easement 隐含的地役权 Property used consistently for many years by someone without challenge from the owner.

1448 Implied term 隐含的合约条文 Provision in a contract that is not directly stated in written or spoken words but is introduced into the contract (1) by the courts as necessary to give effect to the obvious intentions of the contracting parties, or (2) by a statute such as sale of goods acts

1449 Implied trust 默示信托 a trust inferred by operation of law

1450 Imposed loading 楼房承重量 Any load which a structure must sustain, other than the weight of the structure itself.

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1451 Impossible to perform

无法履行合同

1452 Improper pressure 无理施压

1453 Improved land 一片已经备有水电供应, 排水

渠道, 车道并可在短时

Any permanent development that has been made to a parcel of land

1454 Improved value 包括所有附属物在内的产业

市场估价

An appraisal term encompassing the total value of land and improvements (man-made enhancements) rather than the separate values of each.

1455 Improvement works 一切能使产业增值的附加物

或设施, 扩展道路, 增建

路灯等设施

Works that go further than repairing and maintaining a property

1456 Improvements 同上 A capitalized expenditure usually extending the useful life of a building or improving it in some manner over and above the original condition

1457 In accordance with; In pursuant to

依据 in conformity with

1458 In advance 预先付款 ahead of time

1459 In arrears of payment

拖欠还款 / 付款

1460 In conformity with 符合 / 一致 Similarity in form or character

1461 In effect 实在的 in actuality or reality or fact

1462 In escrow 屋契(或定金/尾数)交由第三

者保存直到交易完成才

交出

The phrase used for the period in which the escrow agent communicates to both the buyer and the seller as to what documents or moneys have to be deposited with the escrow agent to satisfy the terms of the purchase and sale.

1463 In force 有效 / 现行 exerting force or influence

1464 In furtherance 助长 / 促进 / 推动 in favor of

1465 In good faith 真诚的 with perfect sincerity

1466 In proper and tenantable repair and condition

妥善及可租住的状态

1467 In pursuance of (法律用语) 依据 in prosecution or fulfillment of

1468 In situ conversion 原址改建 underground refining

1469 In situ exchange 原址换地

1470 In substance 其实 In reality

1471 In the course of employment

在受雇作业过程中

1472 In the presence of 在某人的见证下

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1473 IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties

(法律用语) 兹特由(本契约中)

the initial words of the concluding clause in deeds

1474 Inaccessible 不能到达 / 不能触及 / 无法

抵达

remote or unapproachable

1475 Incapacity 无能力 / 不能履行职务或合

约 / 丧失工作能力

Inadequate strength or ability

1476 Incentive 奖励 an additional payment made to employees as a means of increasing production

1477 Incidental costs 连带花费 Small amounts of money which are spent at various times as part of a larger bill

1478 Incidental to 有连带关系的 / 附带 following as a consequence

1479 Incinerator 焚化炉 a furnace or apparatus for burning trash, garbage, etc., to ashes

1480 Including but not limiting to

包括但不限于 Anything else that may be additional

1481 Inclusive 包括在内 the stated limit or extremes in consideration or account

1482 Income 入息 / 收入 / 收益 Money earned or accrued during an accounting period that results in the increase in total assets

1483 Income ceiling 收入顶限

1484 Income limit 入息限额 Maximum income amounts set by a government agency that qualify or disqualify an individual or a family to take advantage of its assistance (such as affordable housing) or family care programs.

1485 Income producing property

有租金收入的产业 Real property held by a business for investment potential or in order to earn income by leasing or letting it, rather than for its own use.

1486 Income proof / Statement

收入凭证 A financial statement depicting a business entity's operating performance and reports the components of net income, including sales of real estate, rental income, operating rental expenses, income from rental operations, and income before tax

1487 Incorporated into 纳入

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1488 Incorporated owners

业主立案法团

1489 Incorporeal property

非实质的产业拥有权, 如空间

权

Legal property rights that do not include possession. Examples of incorporeal property rights are air and mineral rights, riparian rights, easement and access rights.

1490 Increasing returns 小规模的整修所带来的更高

租金收入或卖价

refers to the notion that the greater the size of the network, the greater the advantage of each participant of the network

1491 Incurred 招致 To become liable or subject to as a result of one's actions

1492 Indemnify 作出赔偿 A legal principle in computing the amount of the economic loss reimbursed for destroyed or damaged property.

1493 Indemnifying an agent

屋主对自己的失误向经纪作

出赔偿

1494 Indemnity agreement

一方同意承担所有风险的协

约

policy provision designed to restore an insured to his or her original financial position after a loss. The insured should neither profit nor be put at a monetary disadvantage by incurring the loss.

1495 indemnity insurance 损失补偿保险 An insurance policy that aims to protect business owners and employees when they are found to be at fault for a specific event such as misjudgment

1496 Indenture 契约 / 双联契 A written agreement between the issuer of a bond and his/her bondholders, usually specifying interest rate, maturity date, convertibility, and other terms.

1497 Independent contractor

独立承包者 Self-employed contractor who may perform work on a structure such as residential or commercial property.

1498 Indestructible / indestructibility of land

土地的不毁性 not easily destroyed

1499 Index 指标 the basis to set an adjustable rate mortgage, such as a 6-month certificate of deposit (CD) rate, cost of funds index, or prime rate.

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1500 Index lease 根据某经济指标浮动来调整

租金的一种租约

A rental contact in which the tenant's rental is tied to a change in the price level, such as the Gross National Price Deflator.

1501 Indicative valuation 没有实地考察的概要估价

1502 Indirect investment 指投资者购买房地产信托公

司的股票而非买入个别产业

A way of investing in real estate without actually investing in the property.

1503 Individual 个别 / 个人

a single human being, as distinguished from a group

1504 Individual lot 个别地段

1505 Indivisibility 土地的不可分割性 not separable into parts

1506 Indivisible share 不可分割的股份 Undivided share

1507 Induce 诱导 / 诱使 to persuade or use influence

1508 Industrial estate 工业园 A tract of land at a distance from city centre that is designed for a cluster of businesses and factories

1509 Industrial use 工业用途

1510 Industrial-office zone

工业办公室区 / 工业办公室

用途地带

1511 Industry associations

业界代表或协会 An association that supports and protects the rights of a particular industry and the people who work in that industry

1512 Inelastic 无弹性 / 无伸缩性

An economic term used to describe the situation in which the supply and demand for a good are unaffected when the price of that good or service changes.

1513 Inelasticity of supply 无伸缩性的供应 A market situation in which any increase or decrease in the price of a good or service does not result in a corresponding increase or decrease in its supply.

1514 Ineligibility 不合格 the quality or state of being ineligible

1515 Infill housing 在成熟住宅区(老区)加入新

住屋单位

a type of new home construction in a neighborhood of existing homes.

1516 Infill land 由弃用的公共设施(如公园)

或荒地重新规划而成的住宅

用地

1517 Inflation 通货膨胀 Increasing price levels.

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1518 Inflation equity 因通货膨胀而取得增值 Increase in the value of property caused by inflation

1519 Inflation hedge 抵消通胀压力 An investment designed to protect against inflation risk 1520 Inflation risk 通膨风险 The possibility that the value of assets or income will decrease as inflation shrinks the purchasing power of a currency.

1521 Influence 影响 / 影响力 power or sway resulting from ability, wealth, position, etc

1522 Infrastructure 基础建设 The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water and power lines, and public institutions including schools, post offices, and prisons.

1523 Infringe / infringement

触犯 To transgress or exceed the limits

1524 Inheritance certificate

财产继承证书 are issued on request to testamentary and statutory heirs. They certify that the applicants are recognised as heirs, subject to their status being contested under the law on succession.

1525 Initial 简签 Existing or occurring at the beginning

1526 Initial deposit 首期定金 The amount of money deposited to open a new account

1527 Initial down-payment

头期还款 refers to when the purchase of a house is to be made only partially upfront and the rest is covered by a mortgage

1528 Initial yield 第一年的回报率 the estimated yield of an investment fund at the time when it is launched

1529 Injunction 禁止令 / 强制令 A court order issued to a defendant in an action either prohibiting or commanding the performance of a defined act

1530 Injurious affect 政府征地带来的经济上的严

重损失

Inflicting effect

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1531 Injury or damage 损伤或损失 A comprehensive term for any wrong or harm done by one individual to another individual's body, rights, reputation, or property. Any interference with an individual's legally protected interest

1532 Inland lot 内地段 A building lot surrounding on both sides by other lots.

1533 Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS)

国内税务局 Act as an agent of the Government and provide service in administering, assessing, collecting and enforcing payment of taxes

1534 Inner city 中央市区 The central core of an urban area

1535 Innocent misrepresentation

无意的失实陈述 An assertion or manifestation by words or conduct that is not in accord with the facts.

1536 Innocent party 无辜的一方 a party who has not notice of a fact tainting a litigated transaction with illegality

1537 In-principle approval 原则上批准 means the concerned authority has agreed to the proposal generally without getting into the details of other required statutory / legal compliances.

1538 Input GST 成本消费税

1539 Inquiry 研讯 / 调查 An act of asking for information

1540 Insert 插进 / 写进 to put in or between

1541 Insolvency and Public Trustee Office (IPTO)

破产与公共受托机构 provides services in (1) Administration of the affairs of individual and corporate insolvencies; (2) Administration of the estates of deceased persons; (3) Administration of motor accident compensation claims; (4) Licensing and regulation of moneylenders & pawnbrokers

1542 Insolvency of tenant 租户宣告破产

1543 Inspect 视察 / 审视 formal or official viewing or examination

1544 Inspection of property

产业视察 An on-site examination of a structure/property to ensure all building codes are met, and that it is in satisfactory condition

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1545 Inspection of title deeds

视察卖方所持屋契

1546 Inspector of works 程督察

1547 Institute of Estate Agents, Singapore (IEA)

新加坡房地产经纪协会

a local body formed by the merger of 3 real estate bodies in Singapore, namely the Association of Singapore Realtors (ASR), Association of Singapore Real Estate Agents (ASREA) and the Society of Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers Accredited Estate Agents (SOCREA). The objectives of IEA are to promote and protect the interests of estate agents as well as to protect the interests of Members of the public who engage the services of estate agents.

1548 Institute proceedings

提出诉讼 Take legal action

1549 Instruct / Instructions

指示 / 委托 / 延聘（律师 A direction or order

1550 Instrument 文书 / 法律文件 A legal document, such as a contract, deed, will, lease, or mortgage agreement that stipulates the rights, duties, and commitments of those involved. It is a formal notice of an agreement and is evidential in nature.

1551 Insurable value 可投保价值 Replacement cost or actual cash value of a building for which standard insurance policies provide indemnity cover.

1552 Insurance premium 保险费 The periodic payment made on an insurance policy 1553 Insurance value 投保值 generally twice the current market value, sometimes referred to as replacement value.

1554 Insure 投购保险 Provide insurance coverage.

1555 Insured 保户 / 投保人 A person or organization covered by insurance

1556 Insured sum 保额 The sum that determines how much you are protected for by your insurer.

1557 Insurer 承保人/ 保险公司 An insurance company or underwriter.

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1558 Intangible assets 非实质资产, 如公司品牌, 知

识产权等

An asset that is not physical in nature. Corporate intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies), goodwill and brand recognition are all common intangible assets in today's marketplace.

1559 Intangible property 非实质产权, 如银行对抵押品

所拥有的权力

Bonds, notes, shares (stock), long-term contracts, and rights (such as lease agreements and copyrights) which represent present or future value but, being mere documents, have no intrinsic value of their own.

1560 Integral part 主要成分 1561 Integrated Land

Information Services (INLIS)

综合注册资讯系统 allows you to obtain property information conveniently via internet and in the comfort of your home or office

1562 Integrated resort (IR)

综合娱乐城 a resort with a wide variety of leisure and entertainment attractions, all housed in one resort property

1563 Integrity 诚实 / 正直 a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes. In ethics, integrity is regarded as the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions

1564 Intellecture property laws

知识产权法 This is the area of law that deals with and oversees the creation of intellectual property patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret laws; the protection of intellectual property rights; and the legal pursuit of those who infringe on another’s rights to his/her intellectual property

1565 Intelligent building 智慧型大厦 Use of technology and process to create a building that is safer and more productive for its occupants and more operationally efficient for its owners.”

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1566 Intensity of development

地产发展项目的密集度 Square footage of space a parcel of land has.

1567 Intent 意图 a determination to act in a certain way

1568 Intention to be legally binding

愿意受法律约束的意图

1569 Interest 权益 / 利益 / 利息 the fee charged by a lender to a borrower for the use of borrowed money, usually expressed as an annual percentage of the principal; the rate is dependent upon the time value of money, the credit risk of the borrower, and the inflation rate.

1570 Interest in land 土地权益 is defined negatively so as to exclude any estate, interest or right by way of a mortgage or other security

1571 Interest on loan 贷款利息 This is the amount you pay to borrow money and is added to the loan.

1572 Interest rate 贷款利息, 利率

The rate, usually expressed annually, charged on money borrowed or lent

1573 Interest-free loan 免息贷款 A loan where the borrower does not have to pay interest for a particular period of time

1574 Interim 过渡时期 An interval of time between one event, process, or period and another.

1575 .

Interim determination

过渡裁定

1576 Interim Judgement of Divorce/ Interim Order

离婚初审判决 a temporary order of the court pending a hearing, trial, a final order, or while awaiting an act by one of the parties

1577 Interim loan 过度贷款 A loan that is to be replaced by a permanent loan.

1578 Interior decoration / Internal decoration

内部装修 The decoration of the interior of a building or room, esp. with regard to color combination and artistic effect.

1579 Interior repairs 内部修理

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1580 Interlocutory determination

中期裁定 An interim or provisional court decree, which is not final and can be reversed or amended, normally issued to direct additional proceedings prior to issuing a final decree

1581 Intermediaries 中间人 A person who acts as a link between people in order to try to bring about an agreement or reconciliation

1582 Intermediate payment

中期付款

1583 Intermediate satisfaction

中期偿还

1584 Internal layout / Partition

内部布局 / 间隔 an interior wall or barrier dividing a room, area of a building, enclosure, etc., into separate areas.

1585 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

个人预期回报率 Real annual return on a real estate investment. It equates the initial investment with the present value of future net cash inflows from the investment

1586 International Business Park (IBP)

国际商业工业园 a high-tech business park managed by JTC Corporation in Jurong East, Singapore. It comprises a cluster of modern business buildings catering to knowledge-based activities

1587 Internet 互联网 a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide

1588 Internet advertising 网上促销广告 Delivering ads to Internet users via Web sites, e-mail, ad-supported software, text messaging and Internet-enabled cellphones.

1589 Internet marketing 网上行销 also known as web marketing, online marketing, webvertising, or e-marketing, is referred to as the marketing (generally promotion) of products or services over the Internet. iMarketing is used as an abbreviated form for Internet Marketing.

1590 Interpretation of contract

合约的诠释

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1591 Interpretation of law

法律的诠释

1592 Inter-se 拉丁文‘他们彼此之间’ 的意

思

among themselves

1593 Intestate succession 产业在无遗嘱的情况下转移

给最挚亲

the distribution when a person dies without leaving a valid will and the spouse and heirs will take (receive the possessions) by the laws of descent and distribution and marital rights in the estate which may apply to a surviving spouse. Collectively these are called the laws of intestate succession.

1594 Intestate Succession Act

无遗嘱继承法令

1595 Intimidation 恐吓 the feeling of discouragement in the face of someone's superior fame or wealth or status etc.

1596 Intrinsic value 一项产业的内涵价值 he actual value of a company or an asset based on an underlying perception of its true value including all aspects of the business, in terms of both tangible and intangible factors.

1597 Invalid 失效 having no legal force

1598 Invalidate 使…失效

to take away the legal force or effectiveness of

1599 Inventory list 产业内的设置清单 / 明细表 A detailed list of property

1600 Investigation 调查 A detailed inquiry or systematic examination

1601 Investigator 调查员 someone who investigates

1602 Investing in private properties

政府组屋住户在规定时限后

购买私人产业

Investment by businesses and financial institutions rather than by a government

1603 Investment 投资房地产 An expenditure to buy property and other capital assets that generate revenue.

1604 Investment climate 投资气候 The economic and financial conditions in a country that affect whether individuals and businesses are willing to lend money and acquire a stake in the businesses operating there.

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1605 Investment life cycle 同一项产业在买入与脱手之

间的寿命, 但不包括重建后的

延长寿命

Time interval between buying a real estate investment and selling it.

1606 Investment property 用来收取租金或等待预期盈

利的产业 / 非自住产业

Property acquired for the purpose of value appreciation, including the possibility of earning additional income such as rental income. 1607 Investment yield 投资回报率 The annual percentage return which is considered to be for a specific valuation in an investment being expressed as the ratio of annual net income (actual or estimated) to the capital value.

1608 Invitation to treat 征求献意 / 征求出价 / 征求

协商

An invitation to another person to make an offer to contract

1609 Invite tenders 招标 Initiating step of a competitive tendering process in which qualified suppliers or contractors are invited to submit sealed bids for construction or for supply of specific and clearly defined goods or services during a specified timeframe 1610 Invoice 发票 A list of goods sent or services provided, stating the sum due for these

1611 Invoke 援引(某法律条文)

To appeal to or cite in support or justification.

1612 Involuntary lien 不需经过屋主或业主允许的

合法索求, 如税务局催收欠税

额

A lien on property such as for the nonpayment of real estate taxes or mechanic’s lien for repairs to the home without the consent of the owner, created by operation of law.

1613 Irregular 不合乎规定 / 不定期 not conforming to established rules, customs, etiquette, morality

1614 Irrevocable 不可撤消 / 不得撤回

Something that cannot be taken, returned, or revoked. An example is an irrevocable trust formed by a person giving her real estate to a trust administrator.

1615 Island site 多方面面向街道的地段 an exhibition stand separated from others

1616 Issue 发出 / 签发

the matter remaining in dispute between the parties to an action after the pleadings

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J

1617 Joint account 联名户口 Joint account is a bank account shared by two or more individuals

1618 Joint and several liability

共同及个别的法律责任 A responsibility where two or more parties are liable for the full payment of a debt or obligation and where the creditor may enforce payment against all of the parties together (jointly) or against each individually (severally).

1619 Joint liability 共同须付的责任 when two or more persons are both responsible for a debt, claim or judgment

1620 Joint owner 联名业主 / 联权拥有人

1621 Joint ownership 联名拥有权 Right of ownership shared by two or more owners such that on the death of an owner his or right passes on to surviving owner(s), the last survivor becoming the full owner.

1622 Joint property / jointly owned property

联名拥有产业 A concurrent estate or co-tenancy is a concept in property law which describes the various ways in which property is owned by more than one person at a time

1623 Joint Singles Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申请计划

中的单身联名申请组别

1624 Joint tenancy 共同租户契约 / 联名拥有 The holding of an estate or property jointly by two or more parties, the share of each passing to the other or others on death

1625 Joint tenant (ownership)

共同租户共有人 / 联名拥有

人

The holding of an estate or property jointly by two or more parties, the share of each passing to the other or others on death

1626 Joint venture 合资经营 / 联营 is a business agreement in which parties agree to develop, for a finite time, a new entity and new assets by contributing equity

1627 Joint venture development

联合发展 / 合资发展 A contractual arrangement under which two or more individuals or business firms participate as partners to share in the losses and profits of only one single specific project rather than as a continuing business relationship.

1628 JTC Corp 裕廊镇集团 (Jurong Town Corporation) an industrial infrastructure innovator , creating value for its customers by developing ‘future-ready’ infrastructure solutions that they require.

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1629 Judgement and order

判决及命令 A court order to the loser of a lawsuit to pay the winner a specified sum of money.

1630 Judgement lien 法院裁决的扣押权 A legal claim placed on all of the real and personal property of a judgment debtor which enables a judgment creditor to have the property of the debtor sold for payment of the amount of the judgment

1631 Judicial foreclosure 债主向法院获取的止赎权 A court action taken to collect a debt owed

1632 Judicial precedent 司法判例 A legal concept established by a previous court decision.

1633 Judicial review 司法复核 / 司法审核 review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court

1634 Jurisdiction 司法管辖权 / 司法管辖区 A political subdivision with power to govern its own affairs.

1635 Just-in-time (JIT) 物流概念, 指货源准时运到

An inventory strategy companies employ to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they are needed in the production process, thereby reducing inventory costs

K

1636 Keep proper accounts

备存妥善的帐目

1637 Key Executive Officer (KEO)

代理公司主要执行员

1638 Key features 主要特点 / 特征 / 性能

1639 Kindergarten 幼稚园 / 幼儿园 A school or class that prepares children for first grade

1640 Kitchen 厨房 A room or an area equipped for preparing and cooking food

1641 Kitchen sink 厨房洗涤槽 a sink in a kitchen for washing dishes, vegetables, etc

1642 Knowingly 在知情情况下 / 明知 wittingly: with full knowledge and deliberation

L

1643 Land 土地 / 地产 The material of the earth whatever it may be such as soil rock or other substance and it includes the free or unoccupied space for an indefinite distance upwards as well as downwards.

1644 Land acquisition 收购土地 (指私人发展商) /

土地征用 (指政府)

Itemize costs associated with the purchase of property

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1645 Land allocation 政府拨地

1646 Land bank 土地储备 / 土地备用区 A bank that issues long-term loans on real estate in return for mortgages.

1647 Land cost 买地总投资额

1648 Land Dealings (Approval) Unit

土地交易（批准）单位

administers the provisions of the Residential Property Act and its rules by: - processing applications from foreign persons and foreign companies for approval to acquire or retain restricted residential property;

1649 Land grant 政府售地于私人机构 A gift of government land to a university public utility or railroad or for a purpose that would be in the best interest and benefit of the general public.

1650 Land owner 地主 Property is any physical or intangible entity that is owned by a person or jointly by a group of persons

1651 Land policy 土地政策 Classical microeconomic theory posits "land," or natural resources, as one of the three factors of production, along with labor and capital.

1652 Land proprietor 地主 / 土地拥有者

1653 Land Register 土地注册纪录册 a list of pieces of land, showing who owns each and what buildings are on it

1654 Land Registrar 土地注册局局长

1655 Land registration fee 土地注册费 A fee paid to the Land Registry to transfer ownership record of the home.

1656 Land Registration System

土地注册制度

1657 Land Registry 土地注册局 generally describes systems by which matters concerning ownership, possession or other rights in land can be recorded o provide evidence of title, facilitate transactions and to prevent unlawful disposal

1658 Land revenue 土地收益

1659 Land sales programme

政府售地计

1660 Land search 土地查册 A formal application for an inspection of the Land Registry register. A certificate is issued showing the current situation of the land in question.

1661 Land search fee 土地查册费

Fees payble to bank in which the bank will do a research on the property land to check whether have any caveat area

1662 Land search record 土地查册纪录

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1663

Land section 土地分段 A division or parcel of land, on the government survey

1664 Land supply 土地供应 can be defined as the number of parcels of land a landowner is willing to make available for industrial,commercial or residential purposes

1665 Land surveyor 土地测量师 is a person who uses measuring tools to determine the size and boundaries of a piece of real estate

1666 Land title 地契 / 有地房产屋契

The legal document conveying title to a property

1667 Land Titles (Strata) Act

分层屋契法令 This Act governs all buildings which are strata-titled. Amongst the requirements set out in the Act include the compulsory setting up of a Management Corporation Strata Title(MCST), application/approval for collective sale and determination of share value.

1668 Land transaction 土地交易

1669 Land Transport Authority (LTA)

陆路交通管理局 is a statutory board under the Ministry of Transport, that spearheads land transport developments in Singapore.

1670 Land Trusts 土地信托 Refers to privately-owned property that is ceded to governmental or public management for its preservation.

1671 Land use classification for

市区土地用途分类 The analysis of land according to its use: agricultural, industrial, recreational, and residential. Comparisons are very difficult to make between different countries which may have different classifications.

1672 Land use zoning 土地用途分区 The segregation of land use into different areas for each type of use: agricultural, industrial, recreational, and residential.

1673

Landed property / Landed properties

有地房产 is a real estate term that usually refers to a property that generates income for the owner without the owner having to do the actual work of the estate

1674 Landfill 堆填区 / 垃圾堆填区 The disposal of refuse and other waste material by burying it and covering it over with soil.

1675 Landing 楼梯平台 An instance of coming or bringing something to land, from the air or water.

1676 Landlocked 被其他屋子包围着,而且没有

车道可进入屋子

Almost or entirely surrounded by land; having no coastline or seaport.

1677 Landlord 业主 / 地主 / 房东 A party who is called a lessor that rents property to another when done under a

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lease.

1678 Landlord’s consent 房东准许 / 房东已批准

1679 Landlord’s covenants

房东的契诺

1680 Landlord’s improvement

房东对屋子所做的装修或更

新

1681 Landlord’s power to lease

房东可出租的权力

1682 Landlord’s remedies 房东胜诉所获赔偿

1683 Landscape 地形 / 自然环境 / 风景 All the visible features of an area of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.

1684 Landscape appraisal 景观评估 A method of assessing landscape sensitivity and its capacity to accommodate a particular type of development, for example in terms of visual impact.

1685 Landscape planning 景观规划 can be defined as the scientific study of landscapes to assess past, current, and future capabilities to support different land uses that also accounts for environmental and ecological health

1686 Landscape podium 园林平台 / 园景平台

1687 Landslide 山泥倾泻 The sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.

1688 Lapse of Offer 出价献意失效

non-acceptance within a reasonable period (where no expiration date is specified)

1689 Lapse of restrictive covenants

约束性契诺的到期失效或取

消

1690 Lapsing and withdrawal of caveats

第三方的合法索求到期失效

或撤消

1691 Last will 最后遗嘱 A legal document that communicates a person's final wishes, as pertaining to possessions and dependents.

1692 Latent defect 屋内潜在欠妥的地方 / 或指

屋子结构的损坏

is a fault in the property that could not have been discovered by a reasonably thorough inspection before the sale

1693 Lateral support 指两屋之间墙与墙的支撑 /

侧面或横向支撑

is the implied support expected from the neighboring property against slippage, cave-in, landslide, flood etc such that any activity in the neighboring property shall not alter the situation prevailing then

1694 Laundry 洗衣 a room for doing the family wash

1695 Laundry pole-holder 晒衣竹插筒

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1696 Laundry rack / drying rack

晒衣架 A clothes drying rack including a free standing frame that supports a plurality of rods from which articles of clothing can be suspended.

1697 Law Society’s Conditions of Sale 2012

新加坡律师公会所制定的

2012年房屋买卖合约准 则

The Law Society’s Conditions of Sale are a set of standard terms and conditions which the buyer and seller may wish to incorporate by reference into contracts for sale and purchase of immovable properties.

1698 Lawful means 合法途径 / 合法手段 Allowable or permissible by being in conformity with laws, principles, regulations, statutes, etc., meant to govern or regulate a particular activity or conduct. See also legal and legitimate.

1699 Lawsuit 官司 / 诉讼 A claim or dispute brought to a court of law for adjudication.

1700 Layout plan 发展蓝图 / 详细蓝图 / 分布

图 / 平面图

An arrangement or a plan, especially the schematic arrangement of parts or areas

1701 Leasable area 可租面积 Areas available for leasing to, and the use of, a tenant.

1702 Lease 租契 / 租约 / 租赁

A contract between owner and tenant setting forth conditions upon which a tenant may possess and use the property and the term of the occupancy.

1703 Lease Buyback Scheme (LBS) (HDB)

建屋与发展局所推行的‘屋契

回购计划

is an additional monetisation option launched on 1 March 2009 to help low-income elderly households in 3-room and smaller flats to unlock part of their housing equity while continue living in their homes, and receive a lifelong income stream to supplement their retirement income

1704 Lease enforcement action

执行租契条款行动

1705 Lease exceeding seven years

超过七年的租约 / 此类租约

属于有期契约

1706 Lease modification premium

租契修订补价

1707 Lease restrictions 租赁限制

1708 Lease term 契租年期 / 租赁年期 Fixed, non-cancelable period for which a lease agreement is in force.

1709 Lease with option to purchase

附带认购权的租约 A lease under which the lessee has the right to purchase the property.

1710

Leaseback 售后租回

Arrangement in which one party sells a property to a buyer and the buyer

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immediately leases the property back to the seller.

1711 Leased premises 出租楼房

1712 Leasehold / Leasehold estates

租赁地契 / 有期契约

The holding of property by lease.

1713 Leasehold improvements

在有期契约的产业内做’加建

和改建

The cost of improvements for a leased property. Often paid by the tenant.

1714 Leasehold interest 批租土地权益 Claim or right to enjoy the exclusive possession and use of an asset or property for a stated definite period, as created by a written lease.

1715 Leasing 租赁 Take (property) on lease

1716 Leasing restrictions 出租限制

1717 Left-behind plot 不愿加入有地住宅’集体出售’

计划的少数有地住宅屋主

1718 Legal capacity 法律行为能力 / 法律身份 The ability power or fitness of a party to enter into a contractual agreement as determined by law.

1719 Legal charge 法定押记 / 法定合法索求人 A document held by the land registry documenting who has a claim on your property.

1720 Legal completion 法定交易完成 This refers to the time at which the legal ownership of the property changes hands.

1721 Legal cost 法律费用 / 律师费 A court order that the losing party in litigation must pay the successful party's expenses plus an additional allowance, the latter as a contribution towards the winner's legal fees.

1722 Legal custody 法定抚养权 This term refers to a legal relationship that is established by court order, in which one individual, referred to as the Custodian

1723 Legal description of land

土地界线图中用符号，号码

，字母来辨认产业的位置

1724 Legal effect 法律效力 / 法律后果 result of a judicial instruction

1725 Legal estate 法定产业权 Right to hold the legal title (ownership) to an asset or property.

1726 Legal estoppels 法律上’禁止翻供’的原则 A legal defense tool used when someone reneges on or contradicts a previous agreement or claim.

1727 Legal fees 律师费 / 法律费用 the payment for legal services. It can take several forms

1728 Legal injury 法律定义里可成立的个人伤

害

any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right

1729 Legal inquiry 买方律师针对地契所作的询

问或背景调查

a seeking for information by asking questions

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1730 Legal interest 合法权益 Legitimate concern with the outcome of a case or controversy, because of a likelihood that the outcome will affect oneÂ’s property rights or other rights or privileges.

1731 Legal mortgage 法定抵押 The transfer of title to real estate which is made to secure the performance of some act such as payment of money by the person making the transfer.

1732 Legal obligation 法律责任 The requirement to do what is imposed by law, promise, or contract; a duty.

1733 Legal owner 合法屋主 Entity that has an enforceable claim or title to an asset or property, and is recognized as such by law.

1734 Legal proceedings 法律程序 Action or procedure instituted in a court of law to acquire a benefit, interest, or right or to enforce a remedy.

1735 Legal requisition 确证房地产的一切资料属实 a formal demand made by one international jurisdiction (as a nation) upon another for the surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice in accordance with an extradition treaty

1736 Legal title 合法业权 / 法定所有权 A legal document establishing evidence of ownership.

1737 Legalised moneylenders

合法放贷人

1738 Legally binding 法律上有约束力 Common legal phrase indicating that an agreement has been consciously made, and certain actions are now either required or prohibited.

1739 Legatee 遗嘱受益人 / 受遗赠人 A recipient of all or part of a deceased person's estate.

1740 Legible form 可阅形式

1741 Legislation 司法 / 明文法律 A proposed or enacted law or group of laws

1742 Legislative body 司法机构 / 司法部门 legislature: persons who make or amend or repeal laws

1743 Lemon 一项无法达到其真正潜能的

产业 (美式英语)

refers to the statement from the government that was created to protect consumers from defects in automobile

1744 Lender 贷款人 A private, public or institutional entity which makes funds available to others to borrow.

1745 Length of tenancy 租期 Parties to a commercial lease will typically want a longer term so as not to disrupt the business for lease renewal.

1746 Lessee 承租人 / 租户 A person who holds the lease of a

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property; a tenant.

1747 Lessee improvements

租户对房子所做的修整 Changes made to the interior of a commercial or industrial property by its owner to accommodate the needs of a tenant such as floor and wall coverings, ceilings, partitions, air conditioning, fire protection, and security.

1748 Lessor 出租人 A person who leases or lets a property to another; a landlord.

1749 Let 出租

1750 Lettable area 可租用面积 (指商业楼面) The area of a building as measured to the available space for rent to tenants including toilets, lift lobbies and columns.

1751 Letter of Administration

遗产管理人的授权书 / 遗产

管理委任书

A legal document entrusting an individual with the administration of the estate of a deceased person.

1752 Letter of Advice 书面劝戒 Written notice of an action taken or to be taken on a stated date

1753 Letter of Assurance 保证书

1754 Letter of Compliance

合约完成证明书 / 完公证 /

完成规定事项证明书

A document certified by a competent authority that the supplied good or service meets the required specifications.

1755 Letter of Consent 同意书

1756 Letter of Credit 信用证 / 信用状 A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.

1757 Letter of Intent (LOI) 意向书 An agreement that describes in detail a corporation's intention to execute a corporate action.

1758 Letter of Nomination

提名书

1759 Letter of Offer(LO) 银行贷款合格书

1760 Letterhead 信笺 The heading at the top of a sheet of letter paper, usually consisting of a name and an address

1761 Letting 出租 To give permission or opportunity to

1762 Letting value 租值 Rental value is defined as the amount the property is eligible to get had it been rented out as per the prevailing situations existing in that place for similar property.

1763 Leverage 投资借贷 The exertion of force by means of a lever

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or an object used in the manner of a lever.

1764 Levy 抽润 the imposition or collection of an assessment

1765 Liability 法律责任 / 财务上的责任 A company's legal debts or obligations that arise during the course of business operations

1766 Liability of directors 董事的法律责任 Directors are usually not personally liable for ultra vires acts (or for the intra vires acts that exceed the powers vested in them), but may be sued by the stockholders (shareholders) for breach of the directors' duties.

1767 Licence 个人用地许可权, 如某人被邀

请入屋做客

1. A permit or authorization to do what without a license would be unlawful to do. 2. A personal privilege to perform some act or series of acts upon the land of another without possessing any estate therein.

1768 Licence by estoppel 因法律上‘禁止翻供’的原则而

形成的个人用地许可

1769 Licence couple with a grant

因需到某人产业内作业而获

得的用地许可权, 如专修商进

入屋内作业

1770 Licence for a specific term

有特定期限的用地许可权

1771 Licence holder / licencee

持牌人 / 持证人 A person or business that holds an approved license to conduct an activity, such as operate a business.

1772 Licenced bank 持有营业牌照的银行 is a prerequisite for a financial institution that wants to provide banking services,. Under most jurisdictions the fundamental banking activities, such as taking deposits from the general public are exclusive to holders of a banking license.

1773 Licenced estate agent

持牌地产代理公司 is a person or business that arranges the selling, renting or management of properties, and other buildings

1774 Licenced land 获发用地许可证的土地 - 使

用者并不拥有地契

1775 Lien 先取权, 扣押权, 或留置权, 如

装修商向屋主追讨所欠装修

费

A right to keep property belonging to another person until a debt is paid.

1776 Life Estate 以受益者的有生之年为限的

土地契约/ 终身保有权

Life Estate 以受益者的有生之

an estate whose duration is limited to the life of the person holding it

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年为限的土地契约/ 终身保

有权

Life Estate 以受益者的有生之

年为限的土地契约/ 终身保

有权

1777 Life savings 一生的积蓄 Surf lifesaving is a multifaceted movement that comprises key aspects of voluntary lifeguard services and competitive surf

1778 Lift 电梯 To direct or carry from a lower to a higher position; raise

1779 Lift lobby 电梯大堂 An elevator (or lift) is a vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other structure

1780 Lift Upgrading Programme (LUP)

建屋与发展局的 ’电梯翻新计

划’

is a Singapore Housing and Development Board (HDB) project which upgrades and improves the facilities of the lifts at HDB flats which became an issue in the 2006 general election.

1781 Lifting of covenants 取消用地限制

1782 Light industry 轻型工业 The manufacture of small or light articles.

1783 Limitation of actions 诉讼时效 Period after which a civil lawsuit or claim cannot be brought in a court for hearing or enforcement.

1784 Limitation on ownership

土地所有权的限制, 如土地可

能被政府征收

1785 Limited company 有限公司 shareholders cannot sell or transfer their shares without offering them first to the other shareholders for purchase

1786 Limited liability 有限责任 A type of liability that does not exceed the initial amount a person invested into a partnership.

1787 Limited partnership 有限合伙企业 A business organization with one or more general partners, who manage the business and assume legal debts and obligations, and one or more limited partners, who are liable only to the extent of their investments. Limited partners also enjoy rights to the partnership's cash flow, but are not liable for company obligations.

1788 Line of credit 银行批给借贷者的信贷设施

/ 信贷限额

An arrangement between a financial institution, usually a bank, and a customer

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that establishes a maximum loan balance that the bank will permit the borrower to maintain. The borrower can draw down on the line of credit at any time, as long as he or she does not exceed the maximum set in the agreement.

1789 Liquidated damages 算定损害赔偿 / 毁约偿金 Sum of money (agreed-to and written into a contract) specified as the total amount of compensation an aggrieved party should get, if the other party breaches certain part(s) of the contract.

1790 Liquidation 清盘 termination of a business operation by using its assets to discharge its liabilities.

1791 Liquidator 清盘人 A person appointed to wind up the affairs of a company or firm.

1792 Liquidity 资金流动性 / 也指投资回报

的迅速

The degree to which an asset or security can be bought or sold in the market without affecting the asset's price. Liquidity is characterized by a high level of trading activity. Assets that can be easily bought or sold are known as liquid assets.

1793 Liquidity risks 资金回流速度的风险

The risk stemming from the lack of marketability of an investment that cannot be bought or sold quickly enough to prevent or minimize a loss.

1794 List price 待售屋子的叫价 The manufacturer's suggested retail price, determined by supply and demand, for consumer goods

1795 List rental 待租屋子的叫价 refers to the practice of using a mailing list one or more times without taking ownership of the list. Most list brokers rent lists rather then sell them.

1796 Listing 待售或待租房产 the act of compiling a list

1797 Listing agreement 经纪与屋主所签定的售屋协

约

An agreement between a property owner and a real estate broker which authorizes the broker to attempt to sell or lease the property at a specified price and terms in return for a commission or other compensation.

1798 Litho Sheets 土地规划分区图 - 现已不再

出版

A map published by the Survey Department from which plot dimension can be ascertained.

1799 Litigation 诉讼 a legal proceeding in a court; a judicial contest to determine and enforce legal rights.

1800 Littoral rights 有关地主对海水,河水,或湖水

的权力

pertain to landowners whose land border large, navigable lakes and oceans

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1801 Living area 居住面积 is the sum of quantifiable ground areas of rooms, which belong exclusively to the accommodation unit

1802 Living room 客厅 a room in a private house or establishment where people can sit and talk and relax

1803 Load bearing wall 承重墙 A strong wall capable of supporting weight

1804 Loading and unloading bay

工厂或货仓的装货与卸货区 is allowed on double and single yellow lines where there are no kerb markings indicating a ban on loading and in loading bays

1805 Loading dock 货物停放处 a platform where trucks or trains can be loaded or unloaded

1806 Loan agreement 贷款协议

is a document setting forth the details of a consumer or business loan

1807 Loan quantum 贷款额 is the amount of money that you borrow

1808 Loan tenure 贷款期限 The time duration for which loan has been provided

1809 Loan-to-value (LTV) ratio

贷款额与产业市值的比率 The relationship between the dollar amount of a borrower’s mortgage loan and the value of the property.

1810 Lobby 大堂 A room providing a space out of which other rooms or corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building

1811 Location plan 位置图 A scale map of the projected mine development indicating, among other things, proposed shafts.

1812 Lock-in period 贷款合约中’禁止赎回’限制期

/ 锁定期

Period during which a loan cannot be paid-off earlier than scheduled without incurring penalties.

1813 Lodgement of caveat

向土管局申请对某土地的合

法索求 / 申请告诫

A caveat is a statutory injunction to maintain a property in statu quo until the caveator’s unregistered interest has been determined by a court, or the caveat is withdrawn or lapses

1814 Lodgement scheme for‘Change of Use’

向市区重建局呈递’改换用途’

申请

1815 Lodging house 廉价旅馆 a private home providing accommodation and meals for lodgers

1816 Log book / sheet 日志簿 / 纸 A record book with periodic entries

1817 Logo 标志 carries the image of a company

1818 Long run 长期 / 长远 A period of time in which all factors of production and costs are variable

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1819 Longevity of capital 资金永恒性

1820 Long-term 长期 / 长远 Holding an asset for an extended period of time

1821 Lot 住屋单位 is a tract or parcel of land owned or meant to be owned

1822 Lot amalgamation 地段合并 The combination of one or more companies into a new entity

1823 Lot Base System 一个准确辨认个别地段界线

的系统

1824 Lot boundary 个别土地分区

1825 Lot number 地段号码

1826 Louvre window 百叶窗 / 气窗

M

1828 Magistrate 地方法院的推事 A civil officer with power to administer and enforce law

1829 Magistrate’s Court 推事庭 a court having limited jurisdiction over minor civil and criminal matters, as matters of contract not exceeding a particular amount of money. 1830 Magnitude of risk 侵权法定义 - 风险的大小 is generaly calculated by its probablity ( frequency) and impact.

1831 Mail drop 把宣传讯息邮寄出去或投入

信箱

An address or place at which a nonresident person receives mail, often of a secret nature

1832 Main entrance gate 入口大门

1833 Main switch 总掣 central cut-off switch, cut-off switch that affects all the other machines and cut-off switches

1834 Main Upgrading Programme (MUP)

政府组屋主要翻新计划 was launched by the Government in 1990 to enhance the overall living environment of HDB estates. It is part of the Government's continual efforts to enhance the quality of life of Singaporeans through its public housing programme. Residents will be able to enjoy a better living environment without the need to move out from their familiar surroundings, thus keeping existing community ties intact.

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1835 Maintenance 维修 / 保养 Periodic expenditures undertaken to preserve or retain a property's operational status for its originally intended use. These expenditures do not improve or extend the life of the property. It is an expense, which is distinguished from capital improvements which are capitalized.

1836 Maintenance fees 每月的保养费 / 杂费 A charge assessed on some types of brokerage accounts, at a fixed frequency, usually annually.

1837 Maintenance fund 维修费资金户头

1838 Maintenance surveyor

屋宇保养测量师

1839 Maintenance works 保养工程 / 维修工程

1840 Maisonette 两层楼的公寓单位 An apartment occupying two or more floors of a larger building and often having its own entrance from outside

1841 Major casualty 一个租出的产业蒙受无法维

修的破坏

1842 Majority rule 集体出售计划必需有绝大部

分屋主的支持才能进行

A doctrine by which a numerical majority of an organized group holds the power to make decisions binding on all in the group.

1843 Make good 还原,如把租约到期的产业恢

复到之前的状况

To carry out successfully

1844 Make secret profit 私下图利 The practice of real estate agents making money on the sale of their client's real estate above the amount paid as a commission

1845 Mall Mall 商场 / 购物中心 / 广场 A public area, or plaza with a series of walkways permitting pedestrians easy access to shops, stores and restaurants.

1846 Management agreement

管理协议 Contractual agreement between a commercial or industrial rental property owner and an individual or firm who agrees to maintain the property

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1847 Management audit 由独立的会计师审查共管公

寓管理公司的账目

Analysis and assessment of competencies and capabilities of a company's management in order to evaluate their effectiveness, especially with regard to the strategic objectives and policies of the business. The objective of a management audit is not to appraise individual executive performance, but to evaluate the management team in relation to their competition.

1848 Management committee

管理委员会 A committee that takes decisions about how a company operates or runs

1849 Management company

管理公司 Organization retained by investors/owners to manage mutual funds, unit trusts, hotels, resorts, property development, and offshore companies for a management-fee. Management companies comprise of experienced managers with established track records in their respective fields, and usually provide services such as accounting, general administration, maintenance recruitment, and secretarial services.

1850 Management contract

管理合约 Agreement between investors or owners of a project, and a management company hired for coordinating and overseeing a contract. It spells out the conditions and duration of the agreement, and the method of computing management fees.

1851 Management Corporation (MC)

由共管公寓住宅项目全体屋

主集体成立的管理公司

1852 Management Corporation Strata Title (MCST)

分层地契管理委员会

1853 Management fee 管理费 a fee to maintain property, collect rent, and keep the records.

1854 Management fund 个别共管公寓住宅项目所累

计的储蓄额

1855 Management office 管理委员会的办事处

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1856 Manager 经理 a person who directs or manages an organization, industry, shop

1857 Managing agent 共管公寓住宅项目所聘请的

管理公司

Someone who works for or represents a property owner, managing properties, collecting rents, etc

1858 Mandatory 强制性 Required or commanded by authority

1859 Manoeuvre 行动 / 动作 a move made to gain a tactical end

1860 Manufacture / manufacturing

制造 The process of converting raw materials, components, or parts into finished goods that meet a customer's expectations or specifications. Manufacturing commonly employs a man-machine setup with division of labor in a large scale production.

1861 Manufacturing industry

制造业

The branch of manufacture and trade based on the fabrication, processing, or preparation of products from raw materials and commodities

1862 Marginal land 一片无法取得收益的地产 Arid and generally unhospitable land. Marginal land usually has little or no potential for profit, and often has poor soil or other undesirable characteristics. This land is often located at the edge of deserts or other desolate areas.

1863 Marital home / flat 婚后住所 every property in which a person has an interest and that is or, if the spouses have separated, was at the time of the separation ordinarily occupied by the person and his or her spouse as their family residence

1864 Marital property 婚姻产业 / 夫妻共有的房产 All property acquired during marriage, regardless of how titled, that will be divided between the spouses in the event of a divorce.

1865 Market 房地产市场 An actual or nominal place where forces of demand and supply operate, and where buyers and sellers interact (directly or through intermediaries) to trade goods, services, or contracts or instruments, for money or barter

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1866 Market conditions 市场情况 Characteristic of a market into which a firm is entering or into which a new product will be introduced, such as number of the competitors, level or intensity of competitiveness, and the market's growth rate

1867 Market confidence 市场信心 Understanding value and quality of a product or service in the planning of purchases. Using decision-making skills in purchasing products or services

1868 Market cycle 市场周期 Periodic up-down, high-low movements that happen in all markets; any price that goes up must come down too.

1869 Market interest rate 市场利率 The prevailing rate of interest offered on cash deposits, determined by demand and supply of deposits and based on the duration (the longer the duration, the higher the rate) and amount (the higher the amount, the higher the rate) of deposits.

1870 Market mood 市场情绪

1871 Market position / positioning

市场定位 An effort to influence consumer perception of a brand or product relative to the perception of competing brands or products. Its objective is to occupy a clear, unique, and advantageous position in the consumer's mind

1872 Market price 市价 Price at which the seller and the buyer agree to trade real estate on the open market.

1873 Market rent 市场租金 Rent that a comparable property would mandate in a given real estate rental market. Market rent is a competitive rate based on rents other comparable properties receive.

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1874 Market research 市场调查与研究 The process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information about a market, about a product or service to be offered for sale in that market, and about the past, present and potential customers for the product or service; research into the characteristics, spending habits, location and needs of your business's target market, the industry as a whole, and the particular competitors you face

1875 Market risk 市场风险 Uncertainty in the price of real estate due to market, economic, political or other conditions.

1876 Market segment 市场阶层 A group of people that share one or more characteristics. Each market segment is unique and marketing managers decide on various criteria to create their target market(s). They may approach each segment differently, after fully understanding the needs, lifestyles, demographics and personality of the target. To meet the most basic criteria of a market segment, three characteristics must be present: (1)Homogeneity (common needs within segment); (2) Distinction (unique from other groups); (3) Reaction (similar response to market)

1877 Market segmentation

行销策略中的市场划分 Process of defining submarkets within an overall market. Market segmentation is the process of defining the suitability of a submarket for a specific property.

1878 Market trend 市场趋势与潮流 a putative tendency of a financial market to move in a particular direction over time

1879 Market value 市值 Independently appraised value of real estate in a free competitive market. Many variables must be considered in determining market value, but supply and demand are the essential ingredients. Market value determination should be based on all available information.

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1880 Marketing 行销 the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large

1881 Marketing agent 行销代理

1882 Marketing budget 行销预算 An estimated projection of costs required to promote a business' products or services.

1883 Marketing campaign 行销活动 The efforts of a company or a third-party marketing company to increase awareness for a particular product or service, or to increase consumer awareness of a business or organization. A marketing campaign has a limited duration.

1884 Marketing mix 市场营销组合

A planned mix of the controllable elements of a product's marketing plan commonly termed as 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion.

1885 Marketing plan 行销计划 Product specific, marketspecific, or company-wide plan that describes activities involved in achieving specific marketing objectives within a set timeframe 1886 Marketing strategy 行销策略 A strategy that integrates an organization's marketing goals into a cohesive whole 1887 Marriage value 两块土地合并之后会取得更

大的收益

The value released by the merger of two or more interests in land, often when combining land parcels to assemble a development site.

1888 Married Child Priority Scheme (HDB)

已婚子女优先权 / 已婚的政

府组屋申请者若与父母同住

或所申请的新组屋与父母的

住处相近将获得优先权

This scheme encourages married children and parents to reside together, or within the same estate or neighbouring estate to foster care of aged parents.

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1889 Married couples 已婚夫妇 The legal status, condition, or relationship that results from a contract by which one man and one woman, who have the capacity to enter into such an agreement, mutually promise to live together in the relationship of Husband and Wife in law for life, or until the legal termination of the relationship.

1890 Mass market private residential property

大众化私宅

1891 Mass marketing 没有区分性的行销 / 针对大

众化住宅的行销策略

An attempt to appeal to an entire market with one basic marketing strategy utilizing mass distribution and mass media.

1892 Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)

地下铁 a rapid transit system that forms the backbone of the railway system in Singapore, spanning the entire city-state

1893 Master layout plan 总纲发展蓝图 A permanent template record laid out in reference planes and used as a standard of reference in the development and coordination of other templates. 1894 Master lessee /

tenant 主要承租人

1895 Master Plan 国家土地与交通规划总蓝图 Plan describing both through narrative and maps the overall land use of a designated urban area. It includes both present property uses as well as future land development plans.

1896 Material evidence 关键性证供 / 关键性证据 Proof or testimony that has significant relationship with the facts or issues of a case or enquiry and can affect its conclusion or outcome

1897 Material fact 关键性事实

Significant information that if disclosed would affect an individual's decision

1898 Material information

关键性资料 Any information about a company or its products that is likely to change the perceived value of a security when it is disclosed to the public. 1899 Material term 合约里具关键性的条款 A term that, if eliminated, added, or changed, alters the contract’s legal effect.

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1900 Matrimonial home / property

婚姻产业 / 夫妻共有的房产 The place where a husband and wife live.

1901 Matured estates / towns (HDB)

成熟市镇 / 住宅区 / 老区

1902 Means test 入息审查 A method for determining whether someone qualifies for a financial-assistance program. Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/means-test.asp#ixzz1pUeCACsa

1903 Measure 政策 / 策略 A plan or course of action taken to achieve a particular purpose

1904 Mechanic's Lien 技工对某产业做出的合法索

求, 如装修商追讨所欠

Claim on property by an unpaid workman or contractor

1905 Mechanism 机制

Logical assembly of components, elements, or parts, and the associated energy and information flows, that enables a machine, process, or system to achieve its intended result Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mechanism.html#ixzz1pUg0Pg5g

1906 Media 传媒 / 媒体 Communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated 1907 Median earnings 收入中位数

1908 Median price 售价中位数 The price of the house that falls in the middle of the total number of homes for sale in that area.

1909 Median rent 租金中位数 The midpoint in the range of rents for a unit type at which exactly half of the units have higher rents and half have lower rents.

1910 Median wage 工资中位数 An occupational median wage estimate is the boundary between the highest paid 50 percent and the lowest paid 50 percent of workers in that occupation. Half of the workers in a given occupation earn more than the median wage, and half the workers earn less than the median wage.

1911 Mediation 调停 / 调解 a negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial party.

1912 Mediator 调停人 / 调解人 a negotiator who acts as a link between parties.

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1913 Meeting of the minds

献意被接受 An agreement among those involved in a contract. There is an offer and acceptance, and the property has an evaluation. A financial consideration must also exist.

1914 Memorandum 章程大纲 / 备忘录 / 摘记

A written message, esp. in business or diplomacy

1915 Memorandum and Articles of Association (M&A)

公司组织章程大纲及章程 The primary legal document of a company, by which the company will conduct its daily business, however the contents of which must not infringe or override any of the provisions and requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 or any other relevant legislation.

. 1916 Memorandum of

agreement 合约备忘录 a document written between parties to

cooperatively work together on an agreed upon project or meet an agreed objective.

1917 Memorandum of discharge

解除抵押备忘录

1918 Memorial 注册摘要 A written statement of facts or a petition presented to a legislative body or an executive

1919 Merger / Merger of interests

土地合并 / 租户向房东买下

所租用的屋子

Combination of two or more real estate brokerages into one, with only one company retaining its identity. Typically, the larger of the two companies is the company whose identity is maintained. It often involves an exchange of stock.

1920 Meter room 电表房

This is the room where the utility meters (gas, electric, water) are located

1921 Method of Annexation

指装上附属物的方法

1922 Method of sale 房地产行销方式

1923 Mezzanine floor 夹层楼面 Balcony or low ceiling overhang just above the main floor and between the next story

1924 Micro zoning plans 土地规划细节书, 主要是管制

住宅项目的高度

1925 Mineral rights 土地所有权中所包括的采集

地下矿物的权力

Ownership rights to the minerals or other precious resources, such as petroleum, in one's property.

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1926 Minimum Lease Period (MLP)

使用中央公积金存款购买的

私人房产必须拥有永久地契

或至少拥有六十年的剩余有

期地契

1927 Minimum lot 最小土地面积,比如齐连式排

屋的最小土地面积是平方米

The smallest lot area required for building under the municipal zoning code.

1928 Minimum Occupation Period(MOP) (HDB)

政府租屋的最低居住期限 HDB flat owners must have physically occupied their flats for a period of time, referred to as Minimum Occupation Period (MOP), before they are eligible to sell it in the open market. The period will depend on the purchase mode and the flat type.

1929 Minimum plot size 指有地房产的最小面积

1930 Ministerial Committee

部长级委员会 committee consisting of Ministers of government portfolio.

1931 Ministry of National Development (MND)

家发展部

国

the key government ministry responsible for national land use and development planning.

1932 Minor 未成年者 Person under the age of legal competence (most states specify 18 years).

1933 Minor encroachment

轻微越界 are defined as uses of mostly temporary or minor nature, posing little long-term physical impact on public space and which can be removed with relative ease if desired.

1934 Minor Repair Clause 一般租约中的‘小额维修费’条

款

for small repairs that needs to be done, such as changing of light bulb to fixing of leaking taps. It is used after the 30 days warranty period for appliances and fittings in the house. Should there be any items need to be replaced or fixed, the tenant will have to pay for the repairs up to the agreed amount between the landlord and tenant. The amount is usually between $100 to $200.

1935 Minor repair works 小规模修理工程

1936 Miscellaneous charges

杂费

1937 Misconduct 不当行为 Unacceptable or improper behavior

1938 Misconduct 违规行径 Unacceptable or improper behavior

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1939 Misdescription 错误说明(如竣工后的屋子与

先前的蓝图有落差)

an inaccurate physical or legal description of property, in a contract for sale.

1940 Misinterpret / misinterpretation

误解 To explain inaccurately

1941

Misleading 具误导性 Giving the wrong idea or impression

1942 Misrepresent 失实陈诉 (动词) To give an incorrect or misleading representation

1943 Misrepresentation 失实陈诉 (名词) a form of fraud which could lead to cancellation of a contract or other liability

1944 Misstatement 错误陈述 To state wrongly or falsely.

1945 Mistake (Contract) 签约时犯错误 Unintentional error

1946 Mixed landed property area

指定有地房产区

1947 Mixed-use developments

合建筑项目 Project which incorporates two or more property uses, for example, an office building with a retail offering on the lower levels.

1948 Mock-up unit 示范单位 A usually full-sized scale model of a structure, used for demonstration, study, or testing

1949 Mode of acceptance 接受方式

1950 Mode of communication

联系方式

1951 Mode of sale 售屋方式

1952 Modification of tenancy

修订租约

1953 Monetary damages 金钱上的赔偿 are compensation given to an injured party by a liable party.

1954 Monetise 把资产转成现金 give legal value to or establish as the legal tender of a country

1955 Money laundering 洗黑钱 concealing the source of illegally gotten money

1956 Moneylender 放贷人 A person whose business is lending money to others who pay interest

1957 Moneylending 放贷 the act or occupation of lending money at interest

1958 Moneylending transaction

放贷交易

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1959 Monitoring surveyor 监察测量师 / 监察工程的测

量师

1960 Monthly tenancy 按月租赁 A lease of property from month to month and determinable on a month’s notice

1961 Month-to-month tenancy

以月份计 A tenancy in which no written lease is involved, rent being paid monthly

1962 Mortgage / mortgages

房屋抵押 A lien that makes property security for the repayment of debt

1963 Mortgage deed 抵押契约 / 抵押契约 deed embodying a mortgage

1964 Mortgage interest 贷款利率 The interest charged on a loan used to purchase a residence

1965 Mortgage limit 房屋贷款顶限

1966 Mortgage loan 房屋贷款 / 房屋贷款额 A lien that makes property security for the repayment of debt

1967 Mortgage memorial 房屋贷款契约注册摘要

1968 Mortgage money 房屋贷款金额 The principal amount, interest, and any other money owed by the borrower under the mortgage, the payment of which is secured by the mortgage.

1969 Mortgage payment 房屋抵押还款 A regularly scheduled payment that is often blended to include both principal and interest.

1970 Mortgage reducing insurance

房屋贷款保险 A type of insurance purchased for the sole purpose of protecting the outstanding loan

1971 Mortgage repayment period /repayment term

房屋抵押还款期 / 房屋抵押

还款年期

1972 Mortgaged property 抵押给银行的房地产 Real property that has been pledged as security for a loan. Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/mortgaged-property#ixzz1peeyXmOR

1973 Mortgagee 承押人, 如银行 Lender (such as a bank) that has the property of the borrower as collateral (security, lien)

1974 Mortgagee sale / Mortgagee’s sale

承押人变卖, 如银行拍卖回收

产业

1975 Mortgagee’s consent

承押人的许可

1976 Mortgagor 抵押者 / 屋主 Borrower who gives property as collateral for a loan.

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1977 Movable property 可移动的个人资产 any property that can be moved from one location to another

1978 Mukim 马来文 - 指市外分区 one (along with town subdivisions) of two varieties of survey districts.

1979 Multi-generation flats

多代同堂政府组屋

1980 Multiple Listing System (MLS)

一个供给房屋经纪市场信息

的服务

An information and referral network among real estate agents that pools all properties offered into a common offering list

1981 Multiple ownership 多业主产权 an ownership type system where objects can have more than one owner

1982 Multi-purpose building

多用途楼房 Designed or used for several purposes

1983 Multi-storey block / building

多层大厦

1984 Multi-storey car park

多层停车场 is a building designed specifically to be for car parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place

1985 Mutual agreement 双方协议 / 共识协议 An arrangement reached by parties on their own free will without duress or coercion.

1986 Mutual cancellation 共同取消

1987 Mutual consent 双方同意 Two or more parties agree to something.

1988 Mutual covenant 相互契诺 Written commitments exchanged among neighboring landowners in deeds or separate agreements.

N

1989 Natural justice 公正 / 道义 the principles and procedures that govern the adjudication of disputes between persons or organizations, chief among which are that the adjudication should be unbiased and given in good faith, and that each party should have equal access to the tribunal and should be aware of arguments and documents adduced by the other

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1990 Negative cash flow 负现金回报, 指成本高于租金

收入

A situation where a real estate company spends more money than it receives within a stated period of time. This is an unfavorable situation that may result in financial difficulties.

1991 Negative equity 负资产 The difference between the value of an asset and the outstanding portion of the loan taken out to pay for the asset, when the latter exceeds the former. Negative equity can result from a decline in the value of an asset after it is purchased.

1992 Negative or restrictive covenants

负面契诺 / 约束性契诺

A bond covenant preventing certain activities, unless agreed to by the bondholders. Negative covenants are written directly into the agreement creating the bond issue, are legally binding on the issuer, and exist to protect the best interests of the bondholders. 1993 Negligence 疏忽 the failure to exercise that degree of care that, in the circumstances, the law requires for the protection of other persons or those interests of other persons that may be injuriously affected by the want of such care.

1994 Negligent act 疏忽的行为或行动

1995 Negligent misrepresentation

疏忽的失实陈述 A judgment that may be rendered in a contract misrepresentation case involving false statements that induced one party to enter into a contract.

1996 Negligent statement 疏忽的言语, 陈述或声明

1997 Negotiable 一般指价钱可协商

A flexible price that may be adjusted

1998 Negotiable instrument

可转让票据 / 可流转票据 A transferable, signed document that promises to pay the bearer a sum of money at a future date or on demand.

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1999 Negotiation 商议 / 谈判 / 磋商 Bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties (each with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict.

2000 Neighbour principle 侵权法定义 -每个人对其他

靠近的人应负起谨慎的责任

You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbor.

2001 Neighbourhood Renewal Programme (NRP)

邻里更新计划 Was introduced in Aug 2007 in response to feedback received from residents during the Forum on HDB Heartware for more active consultation on the improvements to be provided in their precincts.

2002 Net Annual Value 净产业年值 Is the annual value (as shown in your property tax bill) of your property in Singapore less allowable expenses.

2003 Net contribution rate

净供款率

2004 Net income 净收入 Rental revenue less total expenses. The bottom line is the key indicator to a real estate company's operating performance for the periodic.

2005 Net Operating Income (NOI)

除去税额与一切开支后的净

收入

Gross income of a rental property minus allowance for vacancies and operating expenses, excluding depreciation and debt repayments.

2006 Net Present Value (NPV)

净现时价值 The difference between the present value of cash inflows generated by real estate and the amount of the initial investment. The present value of future cash flows is computed using the cost of capital (minimum desired rate of return, or hurdle rate) as the discount rate.

2007 Net site area 地盘净面积 The total area which is within the property lines of a project, but not including any streets which may be included within.

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2008 Net yield 净回报率 Net return on a real estate investment. It equals the income less the expenses associated with the property.

2009 New Home Office Scheme (HDB)

住家办公计划 (政府组屋) allows all homeowners to conduct small-scale businesses within their homes with up to 2 non-residents engaged in the business

2010 New town 新市镇 Planned development having different types of homes, retail stores, recreational property (e.g., swimming pool), and employment. The planned community is typically near a metropolitan location so it can enjoy the associated amenities.

2011 Next-of-kin 至亲 is used to describe a person's closest living blood relative or relatives

2012 Noise pollution 噪音污染 refers to sounds in the environment that are caused by humans and that threaten the health or welfare of human or animal inhabitants.

2013 Nominal rent 象征式租金 Very low rent

2014 Nominal stamp duty 象征式的印花税 - 现已废除

2015 Nominate 提名 to name (someone) to act on one's behalf, esp to conceal one's identity

2016 Nomination fee 提名费

2017 Nominee 被提名人 / 代名人 / 指定人 A person or company in whose name real property is transferred.

2018 Non-alienation Clause

房屋买卖合约中规定买方在

某个年限内不准转售产业

A clause in a document forbidding an individual from selling or transferring the subject property to another.

2019 Non-alienation period

不得转让期

2020 Non-assignable tenancy

不得转让的租约

2021 Non-Citizen 非公民 a person who comes from a foreign country

2022 Non-Citizen Family Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申请计划

中的‘非公民家庭’申请 组别

a single citizen with non-citizen family members can buy an HDB flat from the open market.

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2023 Non-Citizen Spouse Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申请计划

中的‘非公民配偶’申请 组别

allows a citizen with a non-citizen spouse to buy an HDB flat from the open market.

2024 Non-competitive Clause

雇佣合约中规定受雇着不可

在离职后某个年限内加入同

业竞争者或从事类似行业

a term used in contract law under which one party agrees not to pursue a similar profession or trade in competition against another party

2025 Non-conforming structure

不符合规划的构筑物 one which does not meet one or more of the set requirements

2026 Non-conforming use 不符规划用途 property use which is in violation of the current zoning ordinance, but had been in use prior to the zoning ordinance's enactment.

2027 Non-disturbance Clause

租约中屋主担保租户不会被

驱逐的条款

Clause inserted into a commercial lease by a mortgagee stating the lessee's current lease will not be terminated if there is a foreclosure action against the landlord for the failure to pay a mortgage. Without this clause, a tenant could be evicted in the event of a foreclosure action by the mortgagee.

2028 Non-exclusive listing / nonexclusive agent

非独家代理促销的待售房产 A real estate listing that is open for any broker to sell without sharing the commission with anyone else

2029 Non-mature Housing Estate

非成熟组屋区 / 新区

2030 Non-observance 不遵守 a lack of conformity with law or custom or practice

2031 Non-pecuniary damage

非金钱上的损害 General damages for which there is no formal monetary scale of award such as pain and suffering, social isolation, etc

2032 Non-performance 不履行 Failure or refusal to perform a specified action. The failure to fulfill contractually agreed upon terms or actions. Nonperformance creates a liability which can enable a judicial damage action.

2033 Non-performance of contract

没有履行合同

2034 Non-refundable 不退款 / 恕不退还 not subject to refunding or being refunded

2035 Non-renewable lease

不可续期租契 Lease that cannot be renewed

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2036 Non-resident 所得税局的定义 -不居住在

新加坡的外国人

a person who is not residing in the place implied or specified

2037 Non-residential purposes

非住宅用途

2038 Non-subsidised 没有津贴

2039 Non-substitutable 指产业不可取代

2040 No-sale Licence 房屋发展商所申请的售屋牌

照 – 此牌照只让发展商在屋

子获得临时入伙证之后才可

卖屋

permits the construction of the housing project but not the sale of the units

2041 Not for sale 非卖品

2042 Notary Public 公证人 A public officer given the right to authenticate a document, accept a person's oath, administer depositions, and to conduct other activities in commercial business

2043 Notepapers 便笺 writing paper intended for writing short notes or letters.

2044 Notice of Appeal 上诉通知书 A formal written notice, filed with the court and served on the other parties, as required by procedural rules, that a party intends to appeal a judgment or order.

2045 Notice of Assessment for property tax

产业估税通知书 A notice sent to property owners advising them of the current assessed valuation of their property for real estate tax purposes

2046 Notice of Eviction 驱逐通知书 a legal document that notifies a renter--or tenant--that he must leave a property that is owned by another person--the landlord. Read more: Eviction Notice Definition | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6713726_eviction-notice-definition.html#ixzz1pYfJ4jQd

2047 Notice of Interim Valuation

过渡估价通知书

2048 Notice of Transfer 转让通知书 a term connected to leasehold property conveyancing transactions

2049 Notice of Vacancy 产业空置通知书

2050 Notice of Valuation 估价通知书 An official document notifying the owner of the proposed actual and or assessed valuation

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2051 Notice period 通知期限 The time period preceding the expiration of a futures contract during which the buyer can be called upon to accept delivery 2052 Notice to Complete 完成交易通知书 means that one party to the sale and purchase of property asks the other party within the sale and purchase to complete the sale whether it be through paying monies owed on the property, or by fronting up with a title, lease document or similar item that had been agreed to previously by both parties, thereby creating a contract.

2053 Notice to pay rent or quit

催收屋租通知书 Notice that provides the tenant an opportunity to pay past due rent or voluntarily vacate the premises

2054 Notice to Quit 迁出通知书 A request from a landlord to his tenant, to quit the premises leased, and to give possession of the same to him, the landlord, at a time therein mentioned

2055 Notification of property information

屋主必须在十

2056 Notify 通知 / 申报 inform (somebody) of something

2057 Not-to-commit-waste Clause

租约中’不准破坏’条款

2058 Notwithstanding 即使 in spite of the fact that

2059 Novation 租约更替 Jointly agreeing to provide an equivalent legal obligation or debt for a previous one.

2060 Nuisance 干扰 / 干扰事件 / 滋扰 An activity by a property owner annoys or seriously disturbs other property owners making it discomforting to use their own property

2061 Null and void 合约无效 something that is not permitted or binding and as such, is not legally enforceable

2062 Nullify 使无效 Make of no use or value

2063 Nuncupative will 临终口头遗嘱 An oral will made by a testator/testatrix just prior to death before an insufficient number of witnesses.

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2064 Nursing home 护养院 A private institution providing residential accommodations with health care, esp. for the elderly.

O

2065 Oath 誓言 / 宣誓 a sworn or solemn promise

2066 Objection 反对 / 异议 a statement of disapproval or a reason to dislike something

2067 Objection to Annual Value

对房地产年值提出反对 If you do not agree to the proposed AV, you may formally file an objection within 21 days of service of notice of assessment (or re-assessment). Thereafter, you may still object to the AV if anytime during the current year, if they have evidence to show that the AV of their property is excessive.

2068 Objective test 侵权法定义- 客观的测试 is intended to measure an individual's abilities and to be scored without bias or judgment

2069 Objectivity 客观性 judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices.

2070 Obligation 责任 / 负担 / 契约 / 债务 / 承

诺

An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound

2071 Obligatory 合约中强制性的条款 The legal requirement of a debtor, obligor, to pay a debt and the legal right of a creditor, obligee, to demand satisfaction of a debt or enforce payment in the event of default.

2072 Obscure / Conceal 不明显 / 隐藏 / 掩饰 Keep from being seen

2073 Observe 遵守 To adhere to or abide by

2074 Obsolescence 过时 / 不合时宜 A major factor in depreciation resulting from wear and tear from use and natural deterioration through interaction of weather elements may cause depreciation to a structure.

2075 Occupancy cost 租户在租约期间所须负但的

开支

are the whole life costs of buildings and their associated land from occupancy until disposal

2076 Occupancy rate 入住率 the percentage of all rental units are occupied or rented at a given time

2077 Occupant / Occupier 住客 / 同住者 A person who resides or is present in a house

2078 Occupation 占用 / 同住 / 职业 A job or profession

2079 Occupation period 居住时间

2080 Occupational qualification

职业资格 A qualification that introduces the skills and capabilities needed for a particular occupation or job within a sector

2081 Odd-job workers 杂工

2082 Offence 罪行 a violation or breach of a law, custom, rule,

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2083 Offer 出价 / 提出 Proposing or presenting for acceptance a price for a property parcel.

2084 Offeree 接受出价者 the individual to whom the offer is presented

2085 Offeror 出价者 the person proposing the offer

2086 Office building / complex

办公楼 / 办公楼大厦 a building containing offices where work is done

2087 Official Assignee (OA)

官方产业管理人 a public servant and an officer of the Court. In the vast majority of cases, the High Court will appoint the Official Assignee as the trustee and receiver of the estate once a Bankruptcy Order is made. The Official Assignee will administer all your affairs in bankruptcy. Alternatively, the Court may appoint a private trustee in place of the Official Assignee if your creditors so request.

2088 Official receipt 正式收据 Proof of payment

2089 Official receiver 破产管理署署长 an officer of the court answerable for carrying out the courts' orders and for fulfilling his duties under law

2090 Official receiver’s Office

破产管理署 administers court insolvencies for both bankruptcies and the compulsory liquidation of companies.

2091 Off-site improvement

屋外增建设施 Access roads, sidewalks and curbs, sewers, and utility lines that are off the land being developed, or the lots being sold, but which add value to the entire development.

2092 Omission / Omit / Omitted

遗漏 / 略去 The action of excluding or leaving out someone or something

2093 One-Dollar assumption

‘利上加利’的基本概念

2094 One-North 我国位于波那维斯达的新一

代科技园

200-hectare business park development by JTC Corporation to house R&D and high technology activities in the biomedical sciences, infocomm technology (ICT) and media industries.

2095 On-line register 网上记录册

2096 On-set 一开始 The beginning of something

2097 On-site workers 自家聘用的全职工人

2098 Open channel 明渠 Any natural or artificial, covered or uncovered conduit in which liquid (usually water) flows with its top surface bounded by the atmosphere.

2099 Open house 房屋买卖行销策略的’开放日’ Way to present a home for sale in which the house is left open for prospective buyers to see

2100 Open listing 公开的待售房屋项目 An agreement permitting a real estate agent to sell the property while also allowing the

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homeowner or other agents to attempt to make the sale.

2101 Open market 公开市场 A freely competitive market operating without restrictions.

2102 Open market rent 公开市场租金 The rental income that a property would command on the open market with a landlord and a tenant ready and willing to consummate a lease.

2103 Open market value 公开市场价值 the best price that might reasonably be expected for property, or an interest in property, from an unconnected third party on a certain date.

2104 Operating cost 营运成本 / 运作费用 Expenses associated with administering a business on a day to day basis

2105 Operating expenses 运营开支 the expense of maintaining property

2106 Opinion 意见 A belief or conclusion held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof

2107 Opportunity cost 机会成本 The cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action.

2108 Option 认购权力 The ability or right to choose a certain alternative. An example is a lease of a property with the option to buy.

2109 Option date 认购权日期 Date by which a payment must be made to secure a reservation

2110 Option deposit 认购权订金

2111 Option exercise fee 认购权执行费

2112 Option expiry date 认购权失效日期

2113 Option fee / money 认购费 /买屋定金 money paid by a Buyer to a Seller for the option to terminate a real estate contract

2114 Option period 认购权期限 A time when the buyer has a choice to either continue with purchase or terminate the contract before this period expires

2115 Option to Purchase (OTP)

认购权 a right or option given by the vendor of a property to an intending purchaser to buy the property at a specified price within a specified period of time (the validity period of the option)

2116 Option to Renew 续期权 Provision in a contract under which the buyer, lessee, or obligor has the choice of reinstating the concluded-contract for another term.

2117 Oral contract 口头合约 A contract not in writing. Oral contracts are legally enforceable except for those applicable to the sale of real estate.

2118 Oral evidence 口头证供 Oral testimony given in a court by a witness.

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2119 Order for recovery of possession

收回楼房令

2120 Order of foreclosure absolute

绝对止赎令 / 止赎实令 The final order for foreclosure is called an “order absolute,” and it comes after the redemption period ends

2121 Ordinary asset 普通资产 a non-capital asset used for business purposes.

2122 Ordinary interest 基本利率 Interest based on a 360-day year instead of a 365-day year

2123 Ordinary loss 用来抵消地产税的耗损 In taxation losses that can offset ordinary income

2124 Ordinary repairs 一般维修 Minor day-to-day repair and maintenance of a property to prevent wear and tear..

2125 Organic sludge 有机泥状沉积物

2126 Orphanage 孤儿院 A residential institution for the care and education of orphans

2127 Orphans 孤儿 A child who has been deprived of parental care and has not been adopted

2128 Orphans Scheme (HDB)

申请购买政府组屋的孤儿组

别

allows 2 or more orphans, who are unmarried siblings, to buy an HDB flat from the open market.

2129 Ostensible authority 表面化的权力 / 非真实的权

力

apparent authority to do something or represent another person or entity.

2130 OTP Acceptance 行使认购权

2131 Outdoor advertising 户外广告 Advertising on bill boards or signboards, outside of a building and often by the roadside

2132 Outgoings 开支 Costs incurred by the owner of an interest in property

2133 Outlay 费用 / 花费 / 支出 An amount of money spent

2134 Outlet 出口处 / 批发商店 A means by which something escapes, passes, or is released, in particular.

2135 Outline permission plan

发展大纲图

2136 Outline zoning plan 分区计划大纲图

2137 Outlook 形态 / 状况 / 展望 A person's point of view or general attitude to life

2138 Output GST 消费税 The legal term for GST charged by a registered person on goods and services supplied in a taxable activity.

2139 Outside Central Region (OCR)

中央区以外 It comprises the East Planning Region, North East Planning Region, North Planning Region and West Planning Region.

2140 Outstanding loan 未清还贷款 loan that has yet to be repaid.

2141 Outstanding payments

欠款 / 未清缴的款项 the payment that is currently due

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2142 Over supply 供应过剩 A supply in excess of what is appropriate or required

2143 Overage income 租金以租户的生意量的某个

百分比再加每月基本租金结

算

Rental based on a percent of sales or profit that in addition to the constant rental amount.

2144 Over-declare 夸大申报

2145 Over-exposed listing 过度曝光的待售房产

2146 Overhang 屋檐 / 悬垂部分 A wall or roof which extends beyond a lower wall.

2147 Overhead 生意成本 The ongoing administrative expenses of a business which cannot be attributed to any specific business activity, but are still necessary for the business to function

2148 Over-react 过度反应 to react or respond more strongly than is necessary or appropriate.

2149 Overriding 抽取部分佣金 First in priority

2150 Over-sensitive e 过于敏感 Extremely or excessively sensitive

2151 Over-state 夸张 to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth

2152 Over-subscription 超额认购 / 超额申请 Situation where a new stock issue has more buyers than there are shares to satisfy their orders

2153 Owner / Owners 拥有人 / 业主 A person who owns property

2154 Owner-occupied 业主自用 lived in by the owner

2155 Ownership 所有权 / 拥有权 Person or entity that has title or a right to something which is typically being held

2156 Ownership control 控制土地拥有权 / 管制外国

人拥有本地房地产

2157 Ownership criteria 买屋的先决条件

P

2158 Paddling pool 戏水池 a small swimming pool that is not deep, for small children to play in

2159 Pallets 制模板 A straw mattress

2160 Pamphlet 小册子 / 传单 A small booklet or leaflet containing information about a single subject

2161 Paper gain 纸上盈利 Unrealized gain in value of real property from holding it.

2162 Parapet wall 护墙 / 矮墙 (高度到胸部) A low protective wall or barrier built around the edge of a balcony, roof or bridge.

2163 Parent lot 未分割前原来地段

2164 Parking facilities 停车设施 any building, structure, land, right-of-way, equipment or facility used or useful in connection with the construction, enlargement, development, maintenance or operation of any area or building for off-street parking of motor vehicles

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2165 Parking lot 停车位 A parcel of real estate used to store vehicles where about 300 square feet per vehicles is usually required for each parking space and an aisle.

2166 Parking ratio 停车位与住屋单位的比率 The number of parking spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross rentable area.

2167 Parliament 国会 A national representative body having supreme legislative powers within the state

2168 Part performance 部分履行 An exception to the rule that contracts for the sale of land must be in writing. It applies when a person relies on an owner's oral promise to sell real estate and then makes improvements on the property or changes his or her position in an important way

2169 Partial 部分 Existing only in part or incomplete

2170 Partial capital repayment

偿还部分本金 refers to lump sum payment of mortgage loan where ad hoc payment(s) is/are made to repay part of the remaining mortgage loan.

2171 Partial determination

部分裁定 An incomplete determination provided by some flood companies to indicate that a property is partially affected

2172 Particulars of the lot 地段详情 Details/information with regards to the lot

2173 Parties to agreement

合约双方 The entities taking part in a transaction as a principal such as seller, buyer or lender in a real estate transaction.

2174 Partition 分划 / 分隔 The division of real estate between owners giving each an undivided interest.

2175 Partition wall 间隔墙 An interior wall dividing an area into two or more rooms or separate areas.

2176 Partitioned flat 分间单位 divided housing unit to several for renting

2177 Partner 合伙人 A person who takes part in an undertaking with another or others, esp. in a business or company with shared risks and profits.

2178 Partnership 合伙经营 Form of real estate organization created by an agreement between two or more individuals who contribute capital and/or their services.

2179 Partnership property

合伙生意人共同拥有的产业

/ 非个人产业

Properties contributed by the partners

2180 Party / Parties to a contract

合约一方 / 各方 Entity who enters into a binding agreement with one or more other contracting parties

and thus accepts the benefits and obligations specified therein.

2181 Party / Parties to a dispute

争议一方 / 各方 a person or group taking one side of a question, dispute, or contest

2182 Party / Parties to a 诉讼一方 / 各方 one of the participants in a lawsuit or other

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legal proceeding legal proceeding who has an interest in the outcome

2183 Party wall 共用墙 / 界墙 Used to support two properties; it is attached to both.

2184 Passageway 通道 a passage between rooms or between buildings

2185 Passenger lift 载客电梯 elevator

2186 Passive income 不必主动去赚取的收入 / 被

动收入, 如租金收入

Income resulting from the rental of real property in which the individual does not significantly participate

2187 Patio 连接房屋和铺有地面的室外

闲坐处

An outdoor space for dining or recreation that adjoins a residence and is often paved

2188 Pavement 行人路 a hard-surfaced path for pedestrians alongside and a little higher than a road

2189 Pavilion 凉亭 large and often sumptuous tent

2190 Payback period 资本回收所需时间 The period of time necessary for the cash flow from a project to equal the amount of money invested.

2191 Pecuniary damage 金钱方面的损害 Such as can be estimated in and compensated by money; not merely the loss

of money or salable property or rights, but all such loss, deprivation, or injury as can be

made the subject of calculation and of recompense in money

2192 Pecuniary interest 金钱上的利益 an interest that a person has in a matter because of a reasonable likelihood or expectation of appreciable financial gain or loss to the person.

2193 Pedestrian walkway 行人道 A paved walkway along the side of a street

2194 Penalty 刑罚 / 处罚 Amount to be paid by a person or business for violating a statute or legal court order

2195 Penalty interest 惩罚性利息 Amount payable when either party delays the payment of money.

2196 Penthouse 阁楼公寓 A luxury housing unit located on the top floor of a high-rise building.

2197 Per annum 每年 annually

2198 Per capita 人均 A measurement based according to the number of individuals or each head.

2199 Per square feet per plot ratio (PSF/PPR) price

每平方尺与每容积率价

2200 Percentage lease 以租户每月生意收入的某个

百分比来计算租金

Rental due on the leased property is formulated as a percentage of sales volume

2201 Perform 履行 / 执行 The completion of the duties and obligations in a contract as required by law.

2202 Performance bond 房地产发展商或地主与建筑 A bond used to guarantee the completion of

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商之间的协议保证后者完成

任务

an endeavor such as building or a road in accordance with the contract.

2203 Performance of contract

履行合约 Execution of a contract by which the contracting parties are automatically

discharged of their obligations under it

2204 Period of suspension (licence)

暂时吊销 (执照) 的期间

2205 Periodic inspection of buildings

建筑局定期检查建筑物

2206 Periodic lease / tenancy

不固定的租约 tenancy having no written lease or contract. A periodic tenancy can be on a month-to-month or week-t-week basis.

2207 Permanence of investment

资产固定性 / 永久性

2208 Permanent improvement

永久性增建 increases the value of property, adds to its life, or gives it a new or different use.

2209 Permanent residents

永久居民 An individual who has status in a country usually less than citizenship but more than just a visitor.

2210 Permanently attached

永久性的附于, 如屋子 Cannot be removed or replaced

2211 Permit / Permission 许可 Document issued by a governmental agency permitting the recipient to do something

2212 Permitted height 核准高度

2213 Permitted user 途 / 许可使用者

2214 Personal estate 除了房地产之外的个人遗产 movable property (as distinguished from real estate)

2215 Personal integrity 个人诚信 / 操守 defined as making moral and ethical judgments or having a moral and ethical character

2216 Personal liability 个人法律责任 The responsibility that an individual has for a debt

2217 Personal property 个人可动产业 Assets owned by an individual as part of his or her estate except for land and everything attached to the land.

2218 Pesticide 杀虫剂 A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

2219 Petition 呈请书 A formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority with respect to a particular cause.

2220 Phased development

分期发展 the manner in which the developer completes and markets the development..

2221 Physical condition 实质状况

2222 Physical depreciation

因自然损耗或缺乏维修而导

致的屋价折旧

Decline in value of property from use.

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2223 Physical evidence 实质证据 any material object, introduced in a trial, intended to prove a fact in issue based on its demonstrable physical characteristics.

2224 Physical occupation 实际居住期 Appropriating private property for public use or condemnation of private land for urban renewal pursuant to eminent domain power

2225 Pier 码头 A structure extending out into the water supported by numerous columns providing access to water or vessels.

2226 Pipe duct 入墙暗渠

2227 Place of business 营业地点 The place where a man usually transacts his affairs or business

2228 Placement (of advertisements)

刊登(广告) An advertising technique used by companies to subtly promote their products through a

non-traditional advertising technique, usually through appearances in film, television, or

other media

2229 Plaintiff 原告 An individual's bringing a legal action against a defendant.

2230 Plan 计划 / 绘策图 A scheme, program, or method worked out beforehand for the accomplishment of an objective

2231 Planning controls 市区规划管制 written description of the measures for controlling the variations in a process within the acceptable limits.

2232 Planning permission 土地发展许可证, 有效期为两

年或六个月

Approval from a specific local authority, allowing a proposed development project (with certain assessed environmental or social impacts) to proceed.

2233 Planning region 我国共有五个土地规划区, 包

括东,南, 西, 北, 与中部

deals with the efficient placement of land use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town

2234 Planter box 花槽 / 花架 an object that contains live flowers, usually affixed outside, just below a window.

2235 Platform 月台 / 平台 A horizontal surface raised above the level of the adjacent area, as a stage for public speaking or a landing alongside railroad tracks.

2236 Playground 游乐场 An outdoor area set aside for recreation and play

2237 Pledge 质押 / 质押权 a deposit of personal property as security for a debt

2238 Plot 一块地皮 A small piece of ground, generally used for a specific purpose

2239 Plot depth 一块地皮的长度

2240 Plot ratio 容积率 / 地积比率 the ratio of the gross floor area of a

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building(s) to its site area.

2241 Plot size 一块地皮的大小

2242 Plot width 一块地皮的宽度

2243 Plottage 由几块毗邻土地合并而成的

更大块地皮 / 地皮面积

The increase in value occurring through the process of combining several contiguous land lots into one large lot held under one ownership

2244 Plottage increment 地皮因扩大而取得更高价值 An increase in value or utility resulting from consolidating assembling or joining two or more contiguous parcels of land under a single ownership so as to be available for use as a larger single parcel

2245 Plumbing works 敷设水管工程 generally includes under eight types of work, including: Water Supply, Gasfitting, Sanitary, Roofing (Stormwater), Drainage, Mechanical Services, Fire Protection or Irrigation (Non-agricultural).

2246 Podium Level 平台层 / 平台高度

2247 Point 贷款额的百分之一 Loan service charge; each point equals 1% of the amount of the total mortgage loan, which must be paid up front when a home is purchased. It is a one-time, immediate charge that increases the effective cost of borrowing.

2248 Polyclinic 综合诊疗所 A large, high-quality community-based facility meant to provide a much wider range of services than those provided by most GP practices

2249 Pool money 尚未动用到的累计资金

2250 Portfolio 产业投资项目 Reducing real estate investment risk by acquiring diversified holdings.

2251 Portion 部分 assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group

2252 Positive cash flow 正现金回报 / 租金高于成本 When income exceeds the amount needed to cover expenses

2253 Positive covenant 履行性契诺 A condition applying to land which specifies certain actions to be taken by the owner

2254 Positive leverage 呈正现金回报的贷款投资 When the return on borrowed funds exceed the after-tax interest cost. It is profitably using other people's money.

2255 Possession 拥有 / 拥有权 Holding and controlling property. It includes not only custody but also having some legal right.

2256 Posted price 旧制的政府组屋固定转售价 An announced or advertised price indicating what a firm will pay for a commodity or the price at which the firm will sell it.

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2257 Poster 海报 A large printed picture, notice, or advertisement displayed in a public place

2258 Post-war building / property

战后保留建筑物 Buildings built between the late 1940s and the late 1970s. They are generally hi-rise and most have doormen.

2259 Potential conflict of Interest

潜在利益冲突 any action or any decision or recommendation by a person acting in a capacity as a public official, the effect of which could be to the private pecuniary benefit or detriment of the person or or a business

2260 Potential purchaser 准买家 possible but not yet actual buyer

2261 Power of Attorney 授权书 / 授权者 Legally executed and witnessed document giving another the power to act as one's attorney or agent in handling real estate dealings.

2262 Power of sale 售卖权 provision in a mortgage agreement granting the lender the right to sell the foreclosed property of the borrower if the payments are defaulted upon.

2263 Power plant / station

发电厂 / 电力站 An installation where electrical power is generated for distribution

2264 Power point 电插座 an electrical socket mounted on or recessed into a wall

2265 Practicable 可行的 / 做得到的 Usable for a specified purpose

2266 Practice Circular 从业讯息手册 JTC keeps relevant professional bodies updated on its policies and procedures

2267 Practice Guideline 从业指导 to provide estate agents and salespersons with clear and detailed guidelines on the use of advertisements to comply with the Code and establish best practices in advertisements

2268 Practitioner 从业员 / 执业者 A person actively engaged in a discipline, or profession

2269 Precautions 预防措施 A measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant, or inconvenient from happening.

2270 Preceding year 去年 previous fiscal year

2271 Precinct 范围 / 邻区 / 邻里 A district of a city or town as defined for police purposes

2272 Pre-completion transaction

楼花交易

2273 Pre-emption right 优先认购权 / 优先租用权 a contractual right to acquire certain property newly coming into existence before it can be offered to any other person or entity

2274 Preference 偏爱 The right of a creditor to priority of payment

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2275 Prejudiced 受损害 / 受影响 An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.

2276 Prematured termination

提前解约

2277 Premises 楼房 / 产业 / 处所 / 也指租约

中阐明出租项目的详细资料

如屋主与租户的名字, 出租日

期等

An estate of land and its improvement often the subject matter of a conveyance.

2278 Premium (Price) 土地补价 / 补价（居者有其

屋计划）/ 溢价现金

Amount paid for real estate above the expected prevailing price.

2279 Premium (Quality) 优质 having or reflecting superior quality or value

2280 Premium valuation 土地补价评估 The rate set by a life insurance company based on the value of the company's policy reserves.

2281 Prepaid expenses 先付费的开支, 如地产税 Expenditures paid for in advance such as property insurance, rent, and interest

2282 Prepaid interest 先付利息 / 有异于提早赎回 interest a person pays before it is actually incurred

2283 Prepared industrial land

已备有车道, 渠道, 电源, 水供

与通讯系统的待用工 业地段

2284 Prepared land 已备有车道, 渠道, 电源, 水供

与通讯系统的待用地 段

2285 Pre-payment 提早还款 payment of a debt before its due such as a mortgage payment or insurance premiums.

2286 Pre-payment penalty

提早还款需付利息 Fee a borrower is assessed for the right to make a loan payment before the due date

2287 Pre-printed option form

印好的’认购权’表格

2288 Prerogative 自由与特权 an exclusive or special right, power, or privilege

2289 Pre-sale of uncompleted property

楼花预售 Selling a commercial or residential unit prior to its completion

2290 Pre-sale purchase 预售认购

2291 Prescribed contract 官方规定合同书

2292 Prescribed fee 规定预付费用

2293 Prescribed forms (CEA)

房地产代理理事会规定表格

2294 Prescribed property information

指定产业资料

2295 Present Value 现时价值 Current value of a future sum or stream-annuity or mixed-of dollars discounted at a given rate.

2296 Preservation 保留下来的历史性建筑物 the process of maintaining the interior and

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property exterior of a building

2297 Preserve 保存 / 保留 Maintain in its original or existing state

2298 Presumed / Presumption

假定 / 推定 An assumption of fact that the law requires to be made based on another fact or set of facts found or otherwise established.

2299 Pre-type 事先打印好

2300 Prevail 占优势 / 胜出 To be most common or frequent

2301 Prevailing market rental rate

现时市值租金 / 现时市面租

金

2302 Prevailing requirements

现时的要求

2303 Pre-war building / property

战前建筑物 A building built before World War II. These buildings are usually ten to twenty stories tall and are sought after for their larger rooms, fireplaces, hardwood floors and higher ceilings. They may or may not provide a doorman.

2304 Price appreciation 价格增高 Increase in the value of real or personal property

2305 Price in numerals 价格数字 Price written in numbers

2306 Price in words 价格文字 Price written in words

2307 Price Index 价格指标 Index that tracks inflation by measuring price change

2308 Pricing 定价 / 定价方法 Method adopted by a firm to set its selling price

2309 Primary user / Principal use

主要用途 the primary use of a lot that is permitted under the district regulations in a zoning law

2310 Prime location 优质地段 / 优质地点 an area that is first in excellence, quality and value

2311 Prime rate 最优惠利率 Loan rate charged by commercial banks to their best customers.

2312 Prime site 贵重地皮 / 最佳地段 / 黄金

地段

2313 Principal 委托人 (如屋主) A main party in a real estate transaction such as a buyer, seller, owner, lessor or borrower.

2314 Principal agent 主代理 A party who is also called a client who has authorized another to act on his or her behalf and is represented by an agent.

2315 Principal function 主要职能 / 主要功能

2316 Principal incumbrance

具优先权的产权负担

2317 Principal landlord 大房东

2318 Principal sum 本金 capital as contrasted with the income derived from it

2319 Principal tenant 二房东 / 主租客

2320 prior 之前 Something coming before

2321 Prior consent 事先同意

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2322 Prior notice 事先通知

2323 Prior written consent

事先书面同意

2324 Priority 优先权 The order, usually established by the date and time of recording of written documents, in which rights in respect to the same subject matter are given legal precedence or preference

2325 Priority of instruments

文件的优先次序

2326 Priority of interests in land

土地权益的优先次序

2327 Priority of mortgages

抵押的优先次序 the order in which the lenders are entitled to be repaid when the property has to be sold

2328 Priority of payment 盈利分配的优先次序

2329 Privacy 个人私隐 the quality of being secluded from the presence or view of others

2330 Private commercial property

私人商用产业

2331 Private contract 私人合约

2332 Private Enclosed Space (PES)

室外私有空间 a common feature proposed in flats and condominium developments. PES are intended to be used as private garden spaces for outdoor living at the first storey.

2333 Private housing 私人住屋

2334 Private land 私人土地 / 私人用地

2335 Private limited companies

私人有限公司 A type of company that offers limited liability to its shareholders but that places certain

restrictions on its ownership

2336 Private lot 私有地段

2337 Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

私人房产抵押保险 a type of mortgage insurance available to conventional lenders on the first, high risk portion of a loan guarantying payment. It is basically an insurance against a loss by a lender due to the default from a borrower and is usually required when the down payment is less than 20% of the loan amount.

2338 Private nuisance 干扰他人享用产业 the interference with an individual's peaceful enjoyment of one's property, which can be the basis for a lawsuit both for damages caused by the nuisance and an order (injunction) against continuing the noxious (offensive) activity or condition

2339 Private treaties 非官方买卖合约 / 自由协商

达成的合约

a sale of property at a price agreed on by the seller and buyer without an intervening agency

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2340 Privilege 特权 a special benefit, exemption from a duty, or immunity from penalty, given to a particular person, a group or a class of people.

2341 Privileged communication

享有私隐权的对话或沟通, 如

医生与病人的对话

a private statement that must be kept in confidence by the recipient for the benefit of the communicator

2342 Privity 相互关系 Relationship between individuals or entities out of which exists a mutual interest

2343 Privity of contract 签约双方之间的相互关系 The relation which subsists between two contracting parties

2344 Privity of estate 土地拥有者与土地权益的相

互关系

The relation which subsists between a landlord and his tenant

2345 Privy to (Contract) 参与（合约） A doctrine of contract law that prevents any person from seeking the enforcement of a contract, or suing on its terms, unless they are a party to that contract.

2346 Pro rate 按比例的 The proportionate division of expenses including taxes, interest, insurance, rents, and other property-related expenses at a closing between the buyer and the seller.

2347 Probate 遗嘱认证 / 遗嘱认证 The process by which a court changes the title to a deceased person's real property

2348 Procedure 程序 / 步骤 / 手续 A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something

2349 Proceeds of sale 销售收入 / 售卖收益 amount receives for the asset at the time of its disposal.

2350 Procure 取得 / 促致 / 获取 To get by special effort; obtain or acquire

2351 Produce 交出 / 出示 / 生产 To cause to occur or exist

2352 Product differentiation

产品的区分性 A marketing process that showcases the differences between

products. Differentiation looks to make a product more attractive by contrasting its

unique qualities with other competing products. Successful product differentiation

creates a competitive advantage for the seller, as customers view these products as

unique or superior.

2353 Production of land 土地辟增 / 土地开发

2354 Productivity 有效率 the quality of being productive or having the power to produce.

2355 Profession 专业 A paid occupation, esp. one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification.

2356 Professional development

专业提升 / 提升专业水准 refers to skills and knowledge attained for both personal development and career advancement

2357 Professional Engineer (PE)

专业土木工程师 an individual, who has fulfilled education and experience requirements and passed rigorous

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exams that, under State licensure laws, permits them to offer engineering services directly to the public.

2358 Professional Indemnity Insurance

专业损失补偿保险

a form of business insurance that protects your business from potential but significant losses

2359 Professional knowledge and competence

专业知识及能力

2360 Professional negligence

专业疏忽 referred as malpractice. Professional negligence is in fact negligence committed by a person who possesses more training and skills as compared to an average person

2361 Professional standard

专业标准 A standard that identifies a profession as a discipline and distinguishes it from other professions.

2362 Professional surveyor

专业测量师

2363 Profit 收益 / 利润 The amount realized on the sale of an asset that is in excess of its cost.

2364 Profit and loss statement

盈亏报告 A financial report listing income and expenses, including depreciation and income tax deductions, showing profit or loss from operations over a given period of time such as a month, quarter or year.

2365 Profit method 以经营产业所获盈利为根据

的估价法

2366 Progression value 更进价值, 比如一间破烂的屋

子的价值会因为它的

优质地点而获提升

2367 Progressive payment (developer’s project)

根据建筑进程付款 The scheduled periodic and partial payment of construction loan funds made to a builder as each stage of construction is completed.

2368 Prohibit 禁止 / 禁制 Formally forbid (something) by law, rule, or other authority.

2369 Project Account (developer’s project)

新建私人房产工程户口

2370 Project sale 新建私人房产的行销

2371 Promise 承诺 A declaration or assurance that one will do a particular thing or that guarantees that a particular thing will happen.

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2372 Promissory estoppel 不得食言 / 不得反悔 The legal principle that a promise is enforceable by law when the promisor (person making the promise) makes a

promise to the promisee (person being promised) who relies on it to his or her

detriment

2373 Promissory note 借据 A note that is signed by a borrower at the time of funding indicating a promise to repay the loan under the stipulated terms and where the note is the evidence of the debt and the borrower takes on liability for its repayment and the mortgage is the security.

2374 Promote 促进 / 推广 make publicity for; try to sell (a product)

2375 Promulgate 公布 / 散播 put a law into effect by formal declaration

2376 Proof of claim 索偿权证明 written proof from a creditor that a debt is owed

2377 Proof of debt 债权证明 A prescribed form to be completed by creditors at the liquidator’s request, setting out details of their claim against the company, including how the debt arose and the amount claimed.

2378 Proof of title 业权的证明 A legal document that proves that someone owns a particular property

2379 Property 房地产 / 资产 Everything that is capable of being lawfully owned and acquired with the rights of ownership and which is classified into one of two groups: personal property or real property.

2380 Property acquired through nominees

通过他人提名而拥有的产业,

如通过遗嘱

2381 Property developer 房地产发展商 someone who makes money by buying land and building on it

2382 Property disposed through nominees

通过提名转让的产业

2383 Property inspection 视察产业 / 检查产业 a limited, non-invasive examination of the condition of a property, often in connection with the sale of that property

2384 Property insurance 产业保险 Insurance affording protection against losses due to damage to or destruction of property or contents therein

2385 Property line 产业分界线 Legal boundary of property.

2386 Property management

产业管理 Operating property for business use, such as managing an office complex.

2387 Property manager 产业经理 A licensee and agent of the owner of real property or properties handling all matters which are under his or her direction pertaining to its operation and who is paid for

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his or her services.

2388 Property market 产业市场 The buying, selling, and renting of land or buildings

2389 Property market statistics

产业市场统计资料

2390 Property owned through nominees

他人提名而拥有的产业, 如通

过遗嘱

2391 Property particulars 产业资料

2392 Property Price Index (CPI)

私人房产价格指标 measures changes in the price level of consumer goods and services purchased by households

2393 Property rights 产业所有权 Laws created by governments in regards to how individuals can control, benefit from

and transfer property.

2394 Property risk 与产业相关的风险 Uncertainties associated with real property including lack of insurance coverage in the event of fire or injury, high crime area, and environmental problems

2395 Property tax 产业税 / 地产税 A government levy on privately owned property based on its market value or other uniformly-applied standard which is sometimes referred to as ad valorem tax or real estate tax.

2396 Property tax concession

地产税优惠待遇

2397 Property tax lien 税务局对欠税屋主的合法索

求

a lien imposed by law upon a property to secure the payment of taxes

2398 Property tax surcharge

外国人拥有本地有地房产所

须付的附加费 - 此税已被废

除

2399 Property transaction 地产交易 / 地产买卖

2400 Property valuation 地产估价 the practice of developing an opinion of the value of real property

2401 Proposal 建议 A plan or suggestion put forward for consideration or discussion by others.

2402 Proprietary rights 地产拥有权 Property rights of an owner of proprietary information that may be protected under law

2403 Proprietor 地产拥有人 / 地主 The owner of a business

2404 Prosecute / Prosecution

检控 / 控告 / 控上法庭 The party instituting or conducting legal proceedings against someone in a lawsuit.

2405 Prospect / Prospecting

寻求生意门路 Potential customer or client in which there is a realistic chance of making the sale for the product or service

2406 Prospective buyer / purchaser

准买家 person who may be interested in making a purchase

2407 Prospective tenant 准租户

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2408 Protective covenant 负面约束契诺 Statement in a deed that specified actions, or improvements, can or cannot take place on a given property. The covenants may stipulate the use of the property, restrict the number of occupants, and prohibit certain actions

2409 Prove 证明 Demonstrate the truth or existence of (something) by evidence or argument

2410 Provision 条文 / 条款 The action of providing or supplying something for use

2411 Provisional licence 临时牌照 A licence which is held on a limited basis

2412 Provisional liquidator

临时清盘人 appointed to preserve a company's assets pending the hearing of a winding up petition

2413 Provisional permission

临时土地开发准证 a permission granted by the Competent Authority prior to the grant of Written Permission.

2414 Provisional registration

临时执业许可

2415 Provisional tenancy agreement

临时租约

2416 Proviso 但书 / 除外条款 / 条件 / 限制

性条款

A condition attached to an agreement.

2417 Proximate cause 侵权法定义 - 关键起因 An act from which an injury results as a natural, direct, uninterrupted consequence and without which the injury would not have occurred.

2418 Proximity 侵权法定义 - 关连性 / 两件

事之间的关连 / 距离相 近

Nearness in space

2419 Proximity damage 产业的价值因附近的负面发

展而蒙受折旧, 如附近 建监

狱

Decline in value of real estate property because it is near something which is damaging to its worth

2420 Proxy 代表人, 如代替他人出席会议 Power of attorney by which the holder of stockholders in a real estate company transfers voting rights to another stockholder

2421 Prudence / Prudent 小心的 / 慎重的 caution with regard to practical matters

2422 Public area 公共地方 / 公共场所 Any area which is free and open to the general public at all times

2423 Public auction 公开拍卖 an auction held on behalf of a government in which the property to be auctioned is either property owned by the government, or property which is sold under the authority of a court of law or a government agency with similar authority.

2424 Public body 公共机构 an organization whose work is part of the process of government, but is not a government department

2425 Public car park 公共停车场 an area where people can leave their cars for

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a short time

2426 Public drain 公共排水渠

2427 Public housing 政府组屋 Residence units owned by the government and available to low income families at a nominal cost.

2428 Public housing estate

政府组屋住宅区

2429 Public interest 公共利益 Anything affecting the rights, health, or finances of the public at large

2430 Public nuisance 干扰整个住宅区内的住户享

用土地

A legal action to redress harm arising from the use of one's property.

2431 Public record 公开纪录 Governmentally held records of public transactions giving constructive notice that documentation exists confirming the transaction.

2432 Public register 公开记录册 A record of documents that the public is entitled to access in accordance with statutory legislation

2433 Public rental housing

租住公屋

2434 Public Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申请计划

中的公开组别

allows someone to buy an HDB resale flat with his/her family from the open market

2435 Public tender 公开投标 A bidding process that is open to all qualified bidders and where the sealed bids are opened in public for scrutiny and are chosen on the basis of price and quality

2436 Puffing 夸大其词 Buildup of the value of property. It is an inflated opinion of value by a seller, not a representation of fact.

2437 Pump room 泵房 / 抽水房 a building or room at a spa in which the water from a mineral spring may be drunk

2438 Pumping station 抽水站 a house where pumps (e.g. to irrigate) are installed and operated

2439 Purchase agreement 房屋买卖合约 Same as term contract of sale: Written agreement between a seller and a buyer in which the latter agrees to buy real estate property upon mutually suitable terms.

2440 Purchase price 成交价 / 买价 the price at which property is actually purchased

2441 Purchaser 购屋者 a person who buys

2442 Purchaser’s default 买方违约

2443 Purchasing power 购买力 The value of a currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods or services that one unit of money can buy

2444 Purchasing power risk

因通货膨胀带来的购买力风

险

Risk resulting from possible increases or decreases in price levels that can

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substantially impact real estate values.

2445 Purported representation

有名无实的代理 / 挂名代理

Q

2446 Qualified certificate 外国房屋发展商在我国买地

所需获得特别准许证

2447 Qualified leads 鉴定潜在客户的购买力或是

否符合购买条件

A potential customer who has expressed interest in a property and meets general buying criteria.

2448 Qualified person 合资格人士

2449 Qualified prohibition

非完全禁止, 如租户若想转租

可征求房东准许

2450 Qualifying 鉴定购买力 Process determining an individual's financial ability to meet the terms of a loan

2451 Quality 质量 An inherent or distinguishing characteristic

2452 Quality listings 优质待售房产

2453 Quantitative Easing (QE)

量化宽松 an unconventional monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the national economy when conventional monetary policy has become ineffective

2454 Quantity 数量 a considerable or great amount

2455 Quantity Surveyor (QS)

工料测量师 a professional working within the construction industry concerned with building costs.

2456 Quantum 数额 A discrete, indivisible manifestation of a physical property

2457 Quantum of loan 贷款额 the amount of money borrowed

2458 Quarry tile 缸砖 Unglazed and natural clay or shale machine extruded into ceramic tile. Quarry tile is often used for factory flooring.

2459 Quarterly rates 季度利率

2460 Quarters 四分之一 / 工人住宿 Each of four equal or corresponding parts into which something is or can be divided; lodging

2461 Question of law 法律问题 An issue that is within the province of the judge, as opposed to the jury, because it involves the application or interpretation of legal principles or statutes.

2462 Quiet enjoyment 不受干扰的享用土地 The right of possession and use of property without undue disturbance by others or adverse claims of others to title or interest.

2463 Quiet possession 不受干扰的拥有土地 The right granted by a mortgagee to the mortgagor to use the property without interference by the mortgagee until there is default

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2464 Quit rent 租户必须付给的退租费 – A rent paid by the tenant of the freehold, by which he goes quit and free; that is, discharged from any other rent

2465 Quorum 开会时所需的规定人数 The minimum number of members of an assembly that must be present to make a meeting valid.

2466 Quota 分配额 / 定额 - 指建屋与发

展局所设定的 ‘种族融

合’政策中每一座政府租屋与

邻里中各个族群所能

拥有的租屋数量的对比

a proportional share assigned to each participant

R

2467 Railing 栏杆 A fence or barrier made of rails

2468 Rain shelter 避雨亭 / 避雨处

2469 Ramp-up factory 备有‘坡道式车道’工厂

2470 Range based parking system

根据建筑物类别与范围来定

停车位的多寡

is designed to give developers greater flexibility to match the parking provision of their developments more closely with their assessment of needs, based on operational and business considerations.

2471 Range based car parking provision

停车位数量标准 the Minimum Allowable Provision is set at 20% below the prevailing Car Parking Standard.

2472 Ratchet Clause 永不减租条款 Provision under which the contract-associated rights of the involved parties are adjusted according to an agreed upon formula upon completion of a part or stage of the contract.

2473 Rate of Return 回报率 The income earned on an investment, typically stated as a percentage of the market price

2474 Rate of Return on Investment (ROI)

投资回报率 Income divided by the amount invested in real estate.

2475 Rates 利率 A percentage of interest charged on the principal by a lender.

2476 Ratify / Ratification 确认 / 批准 Approval by an individual or business of a prior act. Without such confirmation, the act would not be binding.

2477 Ratio 比例 A numerical comparison of the degree of relationship between two things that is usually expressed as a fraction.

2478 Raw land 未被开发的土地 A parcel of land that has had no improvements made to it such as streets, utilities, drainage, landscaping or structures.

2479 Real estate 房地产 / 不动产 Also called real property. Anything permanently affixed to the land, such as

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buildings, walls, fences, and shrubs, as well as the rights to own or use them. It is distinguished from moveable personal property.

2480 Real estate agent 房地产经纪行(公司) A generic term pointing to a person licensed by a state who holds either a real estate broker or real estate salesperson license who assists people to buy, sell, rent or lease, manage, finance or value real estate for some type of anticipated compensation.

2481 Real estate agent regulatory framework

房地产经纪监管框架 The new regulatory framework seeks to achieve two objectives: one, to enable consumers to better safeguard their interests through public education and robust regulations, and two, to increase the professionalism of the real estate industry.

2482 Real estate cycle 房地产周期循环

2483 Real estate developer

房地产发展商 builds on land, thereby increasing its value. The developer may be an individual, but is often a partnership or a corporation.

2484 Real Estate Developers' Association of Singapore(REDAS)

新加坡产业发展商公会 comprises of members from all key property developers/players of Singapore and is active in making representations to all bodies, public or semi-public in nature, that concern the planning, organization, promotion, development, financing and administration of real estate development.

2485 Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)

房地产信托公司 A business trust designed similar to an investment or a mutual fund for the purpose of allowing investors to channel funds into the real estate investment market and whose organization conforms to the Internal Revenue Code which permits pooled investment.

2486 Real estate market 房地产市场 / 楼市 / 房市 All of the potential buyers and sellers for various real properties such as the housing market, office market, condominium market or land market who are all currently active and seeking the same type of real property.

2487 Real estate registration / Licence

房地产经纪的注册 / 房地产

代理行的执照

2488 Real estate salespersons

房地产经纪 / 房地产经纪 A person who holds a valid real estate salesperson's license and who for compensation or anticipated compensation has contracted to work under a real estate broker to assist people to buy, sell, rent or

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lease, manage, finance or value real property.

2489 Real estate services 房地产经纪服务 tenants to arrange the sale or lease of property (including houses, buildings, businesses and land)

and businesses for clients sale or lease of properties

and businesses

2490 Real property 地产 / 地产权 / 产权 The land and everything growing on it, attached to it or erected on it but not including anything that may be severed from the land without injuring it.

2491 Realize profit / loss 赚取盈利或蒙受亏损 Taxable profit or loss arising from a sale. It is reported in the income statement.

2492 Reasonable act 合理行动 / 合理行为 This term signifies such an act as the law requires

2493 Reasonable diligence

合理努力 It means the care and attention that is expected from and is ordinarily exercised by a reasonable and prudent person under the circumstances.

2494 Reasonable doubt 合理疑问 A standard of proof that must be surpassed to convict an accused in a criminal proceeding

2495 Reasonable excuse 合理辩解 an excuse that an ordinary and prudent member of the community would accept as reasonable in the circumstances

2496 Reasonable foresight

侵权法定义 - 在合理的情况

下可预想到的后果/ 合 理的

远见

2497 Reasonable ground 合理理据 / 合理理由 a set of facts or circumstances which would cause a person of ordinary and prudent judgement to believe beyond a mere suspicion

2498 Reasonable precaution

合理的预防措施

2499 Reasonable probabilities

侵权法定义 -可预料到的 a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome

2500 Reasonable use 合理用途 a use of one's property or of water that is for a suitable and beneficial purpose and that does not lead to unreasonable interference with another's use of property or with the natural flow of water

2501 Reasonable-man 侵权法定义 - 合理的推测或 individual action or failure to act as a

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test 揣测 reasonably prudent person would under similar circumstances, resulting in harm to another

2502 Reasonably foreseeable

侵权法定义 -可预料到的 As far into the future as you can imagine or plan for

2503 Reasonably satisfied 合理的信纳

2504 Reassign / Reassignment

再转让 assignment to a different duty

2505 Rebate 回扣 A partial refund to someone who has paid too much money for tax, rent, or a utility

2506 Rebuild 重建 To make extensive structural repairs on.

2507 Recapture Clause 商用产业租约中规定倘若租

户的收入低于某合理程

度, 业主有权收回已租出的产

业

Clause in a percentage lease permitting the landlord to cancel a lease and recover the property if the tenant's sales fall below a specified level.

2508 Receipt 收据 Written statement that something has been received such as cash, real property, or documents.

2509 Receiver 接管人 A party appointed by a court to take control and possession of property that is in litigation and awaiting some type of final order by the court.

2510 Receiving order 接管令 a court order appointing a receiver to manage the property of a debtor or bankrupt

2511 Recess area 休息地方 / 凹入处

2512 Recession 经济衰退 A lower phase of a business cycle in which the economy is deteriorating, coupled with a declining rate of business investment and consumer spending

2513 Recipient 接受者 A person or thing that receives or is awarded something

2514 Reckless / Recklessly 鲁莽 / 鲁莽的 Without thinking or caring about the consequences of an action

2515 Reclaimed land 填海土地 The process by which seriously disturbed land surfaces are stabilized against the hazards of water and wind erosion.

2516 Recommendation 提议 / 推荐 a course of action, that is recommended

2517 Reconstruction 重整 / 重建 / 重组 A thing that has been rebuilt after being damaged or destroyed

2518 Reconveyance 衡平法 – 房屋贷款还清后, 屋

契交还给屋主

The transfer of the title of land from one person to the immediately-preceding owner.

2519 Record of title deeds

业权契约纪录

2520 Recover 收回 / 追讨 Return to a normal state

2521 Recoverable cost 可收回的成本 / 可收回的支

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出

2522 Recovery cost 追讨的成本 Recoupment of the purchase price of a capital or qualified asset through depreciation over a prescribed period

2523 Recovery of rent 追讨租金

2524 Recreation area / Recreation facilities

康乐用地 / 康乐设施 a type of protected area designated in some jurisdictions

2525 Rectify 更正 / 矫正 / 纠正 (屋内不合

格的装置物或结构)

Put (something) right; correct

2526 Recurring debts 重复出现的债务 Any payment used to service a debt obligation that occurs on a continuing basis

2527 Reddendum 租约中提及所有关于租金的

条款

A clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a lease.

2528 Redemption 赎回 The regaining of title to real property after a judicial foreclosure sale.

2529 Redemption of property

赎回楼房 / 产业 The regaining of title to real property after a judicial foreclosure sale.

2530 Redevelopment 重新发展 / 重建 The process of clearance and reconstruction of blighted areas.

2531 Redevelopment project

重建计划

2532 Reducing balance 逐渐递减的算利 a method of depreciation whereby the asset is expensed to the Profit and Loss (P&L) Account over its useful life by applying a fixed percentage to the written down value.

2533 Re-entry 重收 / 重收土地 / 楼房 entry by a lessor on leased premises on the tenant's failure to perform the conditions of the lease

2534 Reference point 参照标准 / 参考点 A basis or standard for evaluation, assessment, or comparison

2535 Reference rate 参考利率 An interest rate benchmark upon which a floating-rate security or interest rate swap is based

2536 Referral 通过他人介绍 The act by which one party suggests that another party use a certain licensee.

2537 Referral marketing 通过他人介绍的行销模式 a method of promoting products or services to new customers through referrals, usually word of mouth

2538 Refinancing 再融资 The paying off of an existing mortgage loan obligation by extending or renewing existing financing or taking on a new loan obligation in its place.

2539 Refund of stamp duty

税务局退回印花税

2540 Refurbishment / 翻新工程 the state of being restored to its former good

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Renovation condition

2541 Regime 制度 refers to the governing group that generates the system of rules or regulations that the owners must follow.

2542 Region 地区 / 区域 An administrative district of a city or country

2543 Regional hub 区域性枢纽

2544 Regional planning 区域规划 deals with the efficient placement of land use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area of land than an individual city or town

2545 Register of bookings (for project sales)

购屋者注册簿 - 私人发展商

必须保管此册

2546 Register of purchasers

购屋者登记簿

2547 Registered address 登记地址 / 注册地址 Street address of a firm's registered office.

2548 Registered architect 注册建筑师 a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings, and is licensed to practice

2549 Registered electrical contractor

注册电工 a person who passed the state licensing examination to become licensed electrical contractor

2550 Registered owner 注册业主 / 注册拥有人 The person or company whose name is listed on a security certificate or some other title. The registered owner is recognized as the legal owner of the property or asset represented by the certificate, and has full rights of ownership subject to the restrictions of law.

2551 Registered professional engineer

注册专业工程师

an individual, who has fulfilled education and experience requirements and passed rigorous exams that, under State licensure laws, permits them to offer engineering services directly to the public

2552 Registered salespersons

注册房地产经纪 property agents

2553 Registrable instruments

可予注册的文件

2554 Registrar 注册局局长 / 登记官 An official responsible for keeping a register or official records.

2555 Registrar of titles 地契注册局局长

2556 Registration criteria 注册前需符合的先决条件

2557 Registration fee 登记费 / 注册费 a fee levied on property transactions by state governments

2558 Registration for flats 政府组屋轮候制度

2559 Registration of title 业权登记

2560 Registry of Deeds 土地契约注册局 The designation, in certain jurisdictions, of

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the public officers who record documents that establish ownership of property, mortgages, and other instruments that relate to real property in official record books provided and maintained for such purpose.

2561 Registry of Titles 地契注册局

2562 Regression 价值退化, 比如一间外观不错

的屋子被其丑陋的毗

邻屋子拉低价值

A statistical procedure using a body of measurable independent variables to compute an equation that successfully measures and forecasts the variance in another variable, the dependent variable

2563 Regular income (from rent)

定时的收入

2564 Regularise / regularisation

处置, 如罚款 the act of bringing to uniformity

2565 Regulate 管制 / 整顿 To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law

2566 Regulation 规则 / 条例 / 法规 A set of rules for controlling activities or procedures.

2567 Regulatory requirement

法定要求 The restrictions, licenses, and laws applicable to a product or business, imposed by the government

2568 Regulatory scope 管制范围

2569 Reimburse / reimbursement

偿还 / 付还他人事先代付的

款项

To pay back or compensate (another party) for money spent or losses incurred.

2570 Reinstatement / Rectification work

恢复原状 / 修补工程 The process of remedying a default so that a lender will view your loan as current.

2571 Reinstatement of tenancy

恢复租约

2572 Relative 亲属 A person connected by blood or marriage.

2573 Release 免除 / 解除 / 发还 The act of giving up a right or claim by a party in whom it exists to a party against whom it might have been enforced.

2574 Release of mortgage 解除抵押 a document issued by a mortgage lender once a borrower has repaid a loan.

2575 Relevant development

有关发展

2576 Relevant fact 有关事实

2577 Relevant property 有关产业 refers to property in which no qualifying interest in possession exists.

2578 Reliance 依赖 / 依据 Dependence on or trust in someone or something

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2579 Relief 解除 / 救济 / 扶助 Aid in time of danger, especially rescue from siege.

2580 Relinquish 卸下责任 Voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up

2581 Relocation 重新安置 / 搬迁到别处 The geographic moving of an individual from one region to another

2582 Remainder 剩余权益 An estate which is a future possessory interest in real property that takes effect upon the termination of a prior estate such as a life estate.

2583 Remedies if the seller defaults

卖方毁约所须付出的赔偿 remedy of specific performance

2584 Remedy 补救 / 补偿 / 纠正 / 赔偿 A legal order of preventing or redressing a wrong or enforcing a right

2585 Remise 弃权 / 不再追究 to give up or relinquish (a right, claim, etc.)

2586 Remnant land 残余又无法开发的土地 A piece of land remaining after the rest has been used or sold

2587 Remorse 后悔 Deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed

2588 Re-mortgage 再抵押 he process of moving your mortgage loan from one company and product to another

2589 Remote 偏远 / 遥远 / 没有相干的 (指

侵权法)

located far away

2590 Remote area 偏远地区 far from any centre of population, society, or civilization

2591 Remoteness of damage

间接性伤害或损失 a legal test which decides whether a tortfeasor should be liable for the results of their actions..

2592 Removal charges 搬迁费用 Expense incurred in dismantling and removing an item from its original location or position

2593 Removal notice 搬迁通知书 / 移走通知书

2594 Removal order 清拆令 A court order

2595 Remuneration 报酬 / 酬劳 Money paid for work or a service

2596 Rendered by 给与 / 表示 Made avaialable

2597 Rendered void 使得无效

2598 Renege on a promise / Contract / Deal

违背诺言 / 违背合约 / 违背

成交协议

Failed to carry out a promise or commitment

2599 Renew / Renewed 续约 / 更新合约 Reestablish

2600 Renewable lease 可更新租约 Lease that can be renewed or extended

2601 Renewal of contract 续约 the act of renewing a contract

2602 Renewal of licence 牌照更新 the act of renewing a licence

2603 Renewal option 租约更新的权力 The right of a person or business to renew a contract

2604 Renounce / 放弃权利 Formally declare one's abandonment of (a

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Renunciation claim, right, or possession)

2605 Renovate / renovation

室内装修 To restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or remodeling

2606 Renovated flat 翻新后 Repaired or remodeled flat

2607 Rent 租金 The price one party pays for the use of land or real property to its owner as a return on his or her investment.

2608 Rent allowance 雇主给予的租金津贴 payable to tenants of certain dwellings

2609 Rent control properties

二战后的租金管制产业 - 现

已废除

refers to laws or ordinances that set price controls on the renting of residential housing

2610 Rent deposit / Rental deposit

租金按金 / 抵押金 / 按柜金 a sum of money which is held in an account, for an agreed period of time, to act as financial security in case of default by a party to a contract

2611 Rent reminder 催缴租金通知书

2612 Rent review / Rental review

租金调整 / 租金检讨 an increase in rents that is carried out during the term of a lease

2613 Rent review Clause 租约中的租金调整条款

2614 Rent subject to tender

租金照投标出价订定

2615 Rental 租金 An amount paid or received as rent

2616 Rental agreement 租屋协议 / 租约 A written or oral agreement that establishes or modifies the terms and conditions concerning the use and occupancy of a dwelling and its premises

2617 Rental expenses 屋子出租期间的所需花费 Payment, usually of an amount fixed by contract, made by a tenant at specified intervals in return for the right to occupy or use the property of another.

2618 Rental flat 政府租赁组屋 Flat for rent

2619 Rental in advance 预付租金 a lump sum payment to the landlord at the beginning of the lease term, which is thereafter adjusted in equal installments over the lease term against the monthly base rental payable by the tenant

2620 Rental income 租金收入 income received from rental properties.

2621 Rental index 租金指标

2622 Rental market 租赁市场

2623 Rental property 租赁产业 refers to lands, buildings, units, or rooms available for or being rented.

2624 Rental return 租金收益

2625 Rent-free period 免租金期 An agreed period, usually for several weeks or months, during which a lessee is allowed to occupy the subject premises without payment

2626 Repayment ability 还款能力 The anticipated ability of a borrower to

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generate sufficient cash to repay a loan plus interest according to the terms established in the loan contract.

2627 Repayment period 还款期限 The period, which a borrower is responsible for repaying his or her loan

2628 Repeal 撤销 / 废除 Revoke or annul

2629 Replacement 代替 The action or process of replacing someone or something

2630 Replacement cost 重新建造一个一模一样的产

业所需成本

The cost to build something that is substantially similar to the original but is constructed with modern materials and according to current standards, design and layout and having equal utility.

2631 Replacement costs approach

重置成本估价法 Valuation approach to real property based on what is would cost at current prices to build an equivalent new structure to replace the old one.

2632 Replacement flat 替代组屋

2633 Replacement lease / tenancy

替代租约

2634 Repossession 重新收回 Taking back property when the borrower defaults on the loan.

2635 Representation 代表 (如经纪) / 申述 / 陈述书

/ 表达

The principle upon which the children of a deceased person takes or inherits the share of an estate his or her immediate ancestor would have taken or inherited if he or she were still living.

2636 Reprimand 谴责 To reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way

2637 Reproduction cost 重新建造一个一模一样的产

业所需的现时成本

The cost to build something with one that is as close to an exact replica as possible and having the same quality of workmanship, design and layout so as to duplicate an asset.

2638 Repudiate / Repudiation

拒绝履行合约 refusal of one party to a contract to carrying out his or her responsibilities under the agreement

2639 Reputation 名声 / 声誉 The state or situation of being held in high esteem

2640 Requisite approval 所需的批准 Required approval

2641 Requisition 确证房地产的一切资料属实

/ 业权之查询

An official order laying claim to the use of property

2642 Resale Application (HDB)

申购转手组屋 is deemed complete only when HDB receives both portions of the resale application. The second party can then book the First Appointment.

2643 Resale Application Submission (HDB)

提交购屋申请 All resale applications will have to be submitted online either via the ResaleNet

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system or the e-Resale system. Buyers and sellers (or their salesperson) will also have to submit their respective portions of the resale application separately.

2644 Resale Checklist (HDB)

政府组屋转售核对清单 provides a list of HDB's policies and procedures that sellers should be aware of before they proceed to sell their flat.

2645 Resale Checklist repository (HDB)

政府组屋转售核对清单电子

储藏库

e-Service for sellers (or their salespersons) to submit a scanned copy of the completed Resale Checklist and Financial Plans (if applicable).

2646 Resale Flat (HDB) 转售政府组屋 A HDB flat available on the open resale market, as opposed to direct first time flat purchases from HDB.

2647 Resale Levy (HDB) 政府组屋转售抽润 payable when the household buys or take over the ownership of another subsidized flat.

2648 Resale price 政府组屋转售价 a price at which a property is resold by a business concern that buys it for resale

2649 Resale proceeds 转售卖得金额 Net amount received when property is sold.

2650 Resale restriction 政府组屋转售限制

2651 Resale-net (HDB) 申购转手组屋网络系统 a web-based service aimed at helping Singapore Accredited Estate Agencies speed up the sale and purchase of HDB resale flats.

2652 Rescheduling of loan

重整贷款安排 Bank loans that are usually altered to have longer maturities in order to assist the borrower in making the necessary repayments.

2653 Rescind / Rescission 作废 / 取消 The abandonment, cancellation, revocation or annulment of a contract by the mutual consent of the parties with or without cause and the restoration of the parties to the same position they held before entering into the contract.

2654 Rescission of agreement / Contract

解除协议 / 撤销合约 The abrogation of a contract, effective from its inception, thereby restoring the parties to the positions they would have occupied if no contract had ever been formed.

2655 Resemble / Resemblance

相似 / 类似 To exhibit similarity or likeness

2656 Reservation 保留权力 / 有所保留 A right retained by a grantor when conveying title to a property.

2657 Reservation of State’s right

国家售出地段后尚还保有的

权利, 如矿物权

2658 Reserved price 卖方的最低价位 the highest price a buyer is willing to pay for the property; or the smallest price at which a seller is willing to sell a property. Reservation

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prices are commonly used in auctions.

2659 Resettle / Resettlement

重新安排新居 Settle or cause to settle in a different place

2660 Residential address 住宅地址

2661 Residential building 住宅大厦 / 住宅楼房 when more than half of the floor area is used for dwelling purposes

2662 Residential density 住屋用地密度 is used as a measurement of the spatial concentration of populations

2663 Residential property 住宅产业 A piece of property whose highest and best use is the maintenance of a residence.

2664 Residential Property Act

私人住宅房地产法令

2665 Residential purpose 居住用途 relates to how a property will be used. It means that it will only be used as a residence and not for commercial use.

2666 Residual estate 减去负债与遗赠后所剩银额 used in probate law to refer to the part of a deceased's estate that remains after all specific gifts and bequests have been made and all claims satisfied

2667 Residual income 不必主动去赚取的收入 / 被

动收入, 如租金收入

The amount of income that an individual has after all personal debts, including the mortgage, have been paid

2668 Residual method 以土地可重建的价值估价 A method of allocating the purchase price for the acquisition of another firm among the acquired assets.

2669 Residual method of valuation

以土地可重建的价值来评估

其市值的估价法

A method of allocating the purchase price for the acquisition of another firm among the acquired assets.

2670 Residual value 可重建的价值 / 可再造价值 How much a fixed asset is worth at the end of its lease, or at the end of its useful life.

2671 Resolution 决议 A formal statement of a decision or expression of opinion put before or adopted by an assembly

2672 Respondent 答辩人 A defendant in a lawsuit

2673 Rest 利息计算法 / 如逐年计息, 逐

月计息或逐日计息

The remaining part

2674 Rest of Central Region (RCR)

其他中央区

2675 Restitution 赔偿 / 退还定金 The act of restoring to the rightful owner something that has been taken away

2676 Restore / Restoration

复原 / 回复 / 归还 Refurbishing or rebuilding a property, such as a house, back to its original or earlier condition.

2677 Restrain 约束 / 制止 to limit or restrict

2678 Restricted properties

限制性产业, 如有地房产

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2679 Restriction 限制 / 约束 A public or private limitation on the use of real property to restrain or prohibit people from doing certain things relating to the property or using the property for certain purposes.

2680 Restrictive covenant 约束性契诺 A clause in a deed which a grantor has placed there which prohibits or restricts certain use, occupation or improvement of the land and to which the grantee must agree in order for the property to be conveyed and which will be binding on all subsequent owners.

2681 Resulting trust 归复信托 An agreement in which the trustee takes title of the property ( called corpus) owned by the grantor (donor) to protect or conserve it for either the grantor or the trust's beneficiary

2682 Retail outlet 零售店面 / 店铺 A store that purchases goods from manufacturers or wholesalers and sells directly to consumers, generally in small quantities.

2683 Retail properties 零售产业 A zoning classification that allows stores or shopping centers

2684 Retained earnings 公司扣除分红后所留存收益

/ 保留盈余 / 保留收益 /

未分配的利润

The percentage of net earnings not paid out as dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt

2685 Retaining structure 护土结构物 refers to a wall or other structure designed by a qualified professional engineer and placed at the toe of an overly steep slope.

2686 Retaining wall 护土墙 Keeps something under control, such as water and sand. It blocks natural flow and settling of earth. It performs the same function as a dam would for water.

2687 Retiree 退休人士 A person who has retired from full-time work.

2688 Return of investment

产业卖出后的资金回收 refers to payments back to "capital owners" (shareholders, partners, unitholders) that exceed the growth (net income/taxable income) of a business

2689 Return on investment

投资回报率 / 投资报酬率 The percentage ratio arrived at by dividing the amount an investor earned by the amount he or she invested.

2690 Revenue 税收 / 收入 The amount of money that a company actually receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned merchandise

2691 Reversed mortgage 反向抵押 A mortgage agreement allowing a homeowner to borrow against home equity

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and receive tax-free payments until the total principal and interest reach the credit limit of equity, and the lender is either repaid in full or takes the house.

2692 Reversionary estate 回归产业权

2693 Reversionary interest

期待回归的地主所拥有的权

力 / 复归权益

Property interest a person has that is presently possessed by another. Upon the termination of the possession, the property reverts to the grantor.

2694 Reversionary lease 现有租约终止后取而代之的

下一个租约

Future rental agreement to start after the current rental arrangement expires.

2695 Revert 回归 / 归还 Return

2696 Revert to original condition

恢复原状 Return to original condition

2697 Revise / revised 修改 / 修改过的 To reconsider and change or modify

2698 Revocation by principal

委托人撤回委任 canceling the authority given to another such as when a real estate owner takes away the right of an agent to represent him.

2699 Revocation of licence

撤销牌照 Cancellation of licence

2700 Revoke / Revocation 契约被废除 / 取消或解除 A right to take back or recall a previously-conferred power or authority such as to revoke a license or withdraw an offer prior to its acceptance.

2701 Rider 附文 / 附件 / 追加条款 Written modification to an insurance policy that alters its provisions. The rider may update the policy, and change the coverage of real property.

2702 Right 权力 Claim of a person or business to real property such as by exercising an option.

2703 Right of control 地产控制权

2704 Right of courtesy 配偶对过世丈夫或妻子遗留

下来的房地产的权力

The spouse's legal right, upon the death of his wife (or her husband), to a life estate in all lands she (or he) owned.

2705 Right of disposition 地产转让权

2706 Right of dower 配偶对没留下遗嘱的过世丈

夫或过世妻子所遗留下

来的房地产的权力

A life estate right of a widow on the demise of her husband, if he dies intestate, to all his lands and possessions for her and her children's support. If she dissents from his will, the widow is entitled to one-third of all the assets of husband's estate

2707 Right of enjoyment 地产使用权

2708 Right of entry 进入产业的权力 Right to enter and start construction or furnishing property that is in the process of

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being purchased.

2709 Right of exclusivity 地产隔绝权 - 指不让他人进

入

2710 Right of first refusal 优先拒绝权益 Right of an individual to be offered something before it is offered to others

2711 Right of forfeiture 废除租约的权力

2712 Right of possession 地产占有权 the power to exercise control or dominion over the real property

2713 Right of pre-emption

优先购买权 / 优先权 a contractual right to acquire certain property newly coming into existence before it can be offered to any other person or entity

2714 Right of re-entry 重收权 / 重收土地或楼 A right, retained by the grantor at the time land is conveyed, to reenter and take possession of the land if a certain condition occurs or fails to occur.

2715 Right of renewal 续约权利 (指租约) It is an option granted to the tenant to enter into a new lease with the landlord. It is not an extension of the existing term of the lease.

2716 Right of succession 继承权

2717 Right of survivorship 共同拥有者 / 联名拥有者 之

间生存者对共同拥有的

地产占有权 - 分权共有者没

有此特权

The right, which is the distinguishing feature of joint tenancy, of a surviving tenant or tenants to become owner of the entire interest of a deceased tenant.

2718 Right of way 通行权 A privilege operating as an easement upon land which an owner does by grant or by agreement give to another the right to pass over a specific part of the owner's land, to construct a roadway or use as a roadway.

2719 Right to discharge mortgage

提早还清贷款的权力

2720 Right to forfeit 收回租约的权力

2721 Right to light 禁止毗邻产业阻挡光线的权

力

a form of easement that gives a long-standing owner of a building with windows a right to maintain the level of illumination.

2722 Right to redemption 赎回权 The right to recover property taken away by foreclosure by paying the lender the total amount owed plus foreclosure costs.

2723 Right to reimbursement and Indemnity

要求‘付还开销’与‘免所无辜

牵连’的权力

2724 Right to remuneration

要求付给酬劳的权力

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2725 Right to rescind 有权取消合约 A right to terminate a contract unilaterally or by one side only.

2726 Right to scenery 风景权

2727 Right to support 要求(如墙与墙或地质上的)

支撑的权力

2728 Rights and obligations

权利及义务 addresses the assertion of whether the entity holds or controls the rights to assets included on the financial statements, and that liabilities are obligations of the entity.

2729 Riparian owner 拥有河流贯穿的土地的地主 A party who owns land adjoining a flowing waterway

2730 Riparian right 以上地主所享有的取水权 The rights that an owner of land that borders on a river, stream or waterway has to use and enjoy the water which is adjacent to the land or flows over it provided that use does not cause any injury to riparian owners downstream.

2731 Risk 风险 The degree of danger of future loss of capital or income.

2732 Road Interpretation Plan (RIP)

公路系统解说图

2733 Roller gate 卷闸 / 圆辊闸门 A gate rolled up or down inclined supporting rails by a hoist through sprocket chains around the ends of a cylinder

2734 Roof 屋顶 / 天台 External top of a structure such as for an office building or house.

2735 Roof slab 屋顶板

2736 Roof tile 屋瓦 a thin flat slab of fired clay used for roofing

2737 Roofed area 有盖面积 the area of all roof surfaces measured to the outside of the gutters, excluding parapets and trafficable roof terraces, and measured in the horizontal plane

2738 Routine maintenance

例行维修 Simple, small-scale activities (usually requiring only minimal skills or training) associated with regular (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) and general upkeep of a building, equipment, machine, plant, or system against normal wear and tear.

2739 Rule of Equity 衡平法规则

2740 Rule of Fixture 鉴定附属屋的规则

2741 Rule of Law 法治 / 法律规则 a state of order in which events conform to the law

2742 Run on Land 据地运作 (指土地使用权)

2743 Run with Land 同上 A covenant which grants either the right to take advantage of the land or the liability to perform something and which passes to the

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subsequent grantees of that land is said to run with the land.

2744 Rural districts 郊外地区 An area outside larger and moderate-sized cities and surrounding population concentrations that typically has farms, ranches, small towns and unpopulated regions

S

2745 S Pass (Immigration) 由移民厅所发给的行政人员

与管理人员准证

is a type of work permit for Singapore for employees of medium skill who earn each month more than S$180

2746 Safeguard 保护 Protect against something undesirable.

2747 Safety hazards 危害安全 / 不利安全 is something that could cause a person to be injured or killed

2748 Sale and Purchase Agreement (S&P)

买卖合约 A legal contract that obligates a buyer to buy and a seller to sell a product or service.

2749 Sale by Auction 公开拍卖 the public sale of something to the highest bidder. vendue

2750 Sale by Private Treaty

以私人契约买卖 is when a house is offered for sale at a negotiated price

2751 Sale by Tender 以投标方式买卖 A sale where offers are put forward by a specific time and date and a deposit paid.

2752 Sale Committee ’集体出售计划’委员会

2753 Sale licence (Housing Developer)

销售新建私人住屋牌照

2754 Sale of balance flats (SBF)

剩余组屋销售制度 exercise offers flat buyers a wide range of flats in terms of location, flat type and price to suit the different needs, preferences and budget of home buyers.

2755 Sale of Commercial Properties Act

销售商用产业法令 A person is said to own land if he holds, or is entitled to dispose of an estate, whether legal or equitable, in the land on which any commercial property is being or will be erected

2756 Sale order (Collective sale)

具体出售准许出售令 A seller-generated document that authorizes sale of the specified item(s), issued after receipt of a customer's purchase order

2757 Sale pitch 行销时夸大其词 an argument or other persuasion used in selling

2758 Sale price 屋价 / 卖价 / 售价 The price of a good or service that is being offered at a discount

2759 Sale proceeds 售屋收益 are the sum of the service units (products, services) sold by a corporation within a particular period

2760 Sale support 销售支援 - 与售后服务不同 describes ongoing relationship between the original equipment manufacturer, and customer where services are rendered to the

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customer throughout the product life cycle to the end of life

2761 Sales brochure / Literature

售屋说明书 / 售屋章程 Promotional magazine or flyer available from the dealership when purchasing a new vehicle

2762 Sales comparison approach

直接比较成交价的估价法 compares recently-sold local similar properties to the subject property

2763 Sales tactics 促销手法 he planned day-to-day activities of the sales team when implementing the strategies it hopes will achieve its objective

2764 Salesperson 房地产经纪 An individual who sells goods and services to other entities

2765 Sanction 裁定 A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.

2766 Satisfaction of mortgage

还清贷款 A document acknowledging the payment of a mortgage debt

2767 Satisfactory reply 买方律师向八个政府部门所

获得的满意答复

Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty

2768 Scaffolding 棚架 A temporary platform, either supported from below or suspended from above, on which workers sit or stand when performing tasks at heights above the ground

2769 Scan 电子扫描文件 Look at all parts of (something) carefully in order to detect some feature.

2770 Scanned copy 电子扫描文件副本 A paper document that has been scanned and converted to a computer file

2771 Scarcity / scarce 土地稀少 a small and inadequate amount

2772 Scenic easement 保护风景区的地役权 encumbrance on the title to a property to preserve it in a more or less natural or undeveloped state.

2773 Schedule 附表 / 目录 Timetable for a program or project showing how activities and milestone events are sequenced and phased over the allotted period

2774 Scheme for Housing of Foreign Talent (SHiFT) (JTC)

外来人才租赁计划 ffers a wide range of public housing for rent, to meet the diverse needs, preferences

2775 Schemes of purchase

申请政府组屋的不同组别

2776 Scope of agency 代理协约的范围

2777 Seal 盖章 / 印章 Stamped or blind-embossed (see blind embossing) imprint of a firm's legal name, as an additional evidence that an agreement

2778 Search 产业权契约的搜索 Try to find something by looking or otherwise seeking carefully and thoroughly.

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2779 Second charge 第二押记 is a legal charge put on a property in favour of a lender. Second charges are put on goods or property as a way of securing a debt.

2780 Second legal charge 第二法定押记

2781 Second mortgage 第二抵押 A type of subordinate mortgage made while an original mortgage is still in effect

2782 Second timer 第二次购房者 A case which is returned to Plans from Legal Section after it has been mapped and settled, for example, for further references.

2783 Secondary location 二线地点 / 非优质地段

2784 Secondary market 转手市场 is the financial market where previously issued securities and financial instrument

2785 Secured loan 抵押贷款 A loan which is backed by assets belonging to the borrower in order to decrease the risk assumed by the lender

2786 Security 保证 / 抵押 An instrument representing ownership (stocks), a debt agreement (bonds) or the rights to ownership (derivatives).

2787 Security alarm 警铃 Burglar (or intrusion), fire, and safety alarms are electronic alarms designed to alert the user to a specific danger.

2788 Security deposit 租户交给屋主的保证金 A monetary deposit given to a lender, seller or landlord as proof of intent

2789 Security guard 保安人员 person employed to protect buildings, people, etc

2790 Selective En Bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) (HDB)

建屋与发展局的选择性整体

重建计划

2791 Self occupation / selfoccupied

屋主自住 A situation in which an individual works for himself or herself instead of working for an employer that pays a salary or a wage

2792 Seller’s eligibility 卖方符合建屋与发展局定下

的卖屋条件

2793 Seller’s market 对卖方有利的市场状况 A market condition characterized by a shortage of goods available for sale.

2794 Seller’s remedies 给于卖方的赔偿

2795 Seller’s stamp duty (SSD)

卖方须缴的印花税 The SSD will be levied on sellers of residential properties and lands bought on or after today.

2796 Semi-detached house

半独立式洋房 a house with two units sharing a common wall.

2797 Semi-detached house area

半独立式洋房地区

2798 Senior debt 享有在负债人清盘时优先收

帐的债主

Borrowed money that a company must repay first if it goes out of business

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2799 Separable property 夫妻俩各自拥有的不同产业

/ 不等于婚姻居所

2800 Separate entity 各别没有关连的事物或个体 An accounting concept which treats a business separately from its owner.

2801 Separate lots 隔离的土地地段

2802 Separate shares 个别股份 A privately managed investment account opened through a brokerage or financial advisor that uses pooled money to buy individual assets.

2803 Separation of sale proceeds

售后分润

2804 Serve 送达 / 服务 Perform duties or services for

2805 Serve a notice / service of a notice

送交通告书

2806 Service & Conservancy Charges

市镇理事会所征收的每月服

务费与杂费

are payable monthly, by the lessees and tenants of the Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, shops/offices and market/food stalls within the West Coast Town, towards the maintenance and upkeep of the common property.

2807 Service charges 服务费 is an additional fee for service on top of any normal charge

2808 Service contract 维修协约 / 服务协约 Agreement whereby a contractor supplies time, effort, and/or expertise instead of a good (tangible product)

2809 Service industry / sector

服务行业 An industry made up of companies that primarily earn revenue through providing intangible products and services.

2810 Service lift 载货电梯 an elevator for carrying large or havy items, or for the use of service people.

2811 Service of Writ 传送法庭令状 personal delivery or communication of the writ or process

2812 Service tenancy 与职业挂钩的租约, 如公务员

宿舍

2813 Serviced apartment 服务酒店 is a type of furnished apartment available for short-term or long-term stays, which provides amenities for daily use

2814 Serviced office 服务办公楼 also known as an "executive suite" or 'executive space' is an office or office building that is fully equipped and managed by a facility management company, which then rents individual offices or floors to other companies.

2815 Servient tenement 背负地役权的土地 The land which suffers or has the burden of an easement.

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2816 Set aside 作废 give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

2817 Setback requirement

‘有地房产必须遵守的‘缩进距

离’, 如屋子前的外墙

与围墙之间应有 7.5米的‘缩

进距离’ / 屋子后的外墙

与围墙之间应有 2米的‘缩进

距离

Distances specified in Zoning Ordinance to provide adequate space between wind turbines and roadways, adjacent.

2818 Set-off 抵消 / 抵偿 A legal clause that gives a lender the authority to seize a debtor's deposits when they default on a loan.

2819 Settlement 和解 / 土地沉降 / 授产契 The finalizing of the sale of a property, as its title is transferred from the seller to the buyer

2820 Settlement statement

交易完成前买卖双方对照检

查的还款清单

A statement that summarizes all the fees and charges that both the homebuyer and seller face during the settlement process of a housing transaction.

2821 Sever / Severance 分割 / 划分 To set or keep apart; divide or separate

2822 Severalty ownership 独自占有的土地拥有权 Ownership by one person only

2823 Severance damage 地主因政府征地所蒙受的损

失

refer to the damages awarded to a property owner for reduction in the fair market value of land as a result of severance from the land of the property actually condemned

2824 Sewer 沟渠 / 污水渠 An underground conduit for carrying off drainage water and waste matter.

2825 Sewerage Interpretation Plan (SIP)

沟渠系统解说图

2826 Shall (法律用语) 必须,应该 Expressing a strong assertion or intention

2827 Share value allotment

分层屋契住宅的共有地方的

股份配给

2828 Share value of strata units

分层屋契住宅单位所占‘共有

地方’的股份

2829 Share value: single user residential development

分层屋契住宅项目的’共有地

方’股份是以每平方米 的楼面

为准绳

2830 Shareholder 股东 Any person, company, or other institution that owns at least one share in a company

2831 Shareholders’ fund 股东注入的资金与公司累计

的盈利

is the balance sheet value of the shareholders' interest in a company

2832 Shares of a lot 地段所占股份

2833 Shelter (Civil Defence – bomb shelter)

屋内防空壕

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2834 Sheriff 执行高等法院命令的官员 an elected officer in a county who is responsible for keeping the peace

2835 Sheriff Sale 高庭下令的强制拍卖 A term used to refer to distressed public property auctions

2836 Shoe-box apartment 鞋盒公寓（也称袖珍型公寓

）

are generally defined as private apartments measuring less than 500 sq ft

2837 Shop front 铺面 the front side of a store facing the street; usually contains display windows

2838 Shop with a street frontage

面街店铺

2839 Shophouse 店屋 a terraced house that combines the functions of a shop and house

2840 Shopping arcade 走廊商场 A shopping mall, shopping centre or shopping precinct is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers

2841 Shopping centre 购物中心 is a group of retail and other commercial establishments that is planned, developed, owned and managed as a single property, typically with on-site parking provided

2842 Short Tenure Land Launch (STELL) (JTC)

裕廊镇集团的短期工业用地

计划

is a periodic launch of short-tenure land to cater to the needs of manufacturing support companies

2843 Shorter lease 较短的租期 In general, a lease for a period of twenty years or less.

2844 Shortfall 落差 / 不足 / 欠缺 / 差额 A deficit of something required or expected.

2845 Short-term tenancy 短期租约

2846 Show cause 民事法 - 澄清事实 Court order that requires a party to appear before the court and explain why a certain course of action should not be taken against it

2847 Show flat 示范单位

2848 Show house 示范单位 / 房地产行销策略

中的‘开放屋’ 或 ‘开放

a house on a new estate that is decorated and furnished for prospective buyers to view

2849 Showroom sale 新建私人房产的’示范单位’促

销

room where merchandise is exposed for sale

2850 Shuttle bus 短程内路巴士 is a bus that is used for short distance transfers

2851 Sign / Signature 签署 / 签名 A person's name written as a form of identification in authorizing a check or document or concluding a letter.

2852 Signage / Signboard 标志 / 招牌 A board displaying the name or logo of a business or product.

2853 Signature of witness 见证人签名

2854 Signed, sealed and delivered

指所有必备条件已符合, 买卖

双方只需签字盖章并

Acknowledgment that the referred document (instrument) was properly executed by the

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传递所签合约 intended entity, secured in a suitable envelope, and handed over to the intended recipient.

2855 Simple interest 简单的利息算法 - 并非’利上

加利’

A quick method of calculating the interest charge on a loan

2856 Singapore Academy of Law (SAL)

新加坡法律学会 Promote and maintain high standards of conduct and learning of the members of the legal profession in Singapore.

2857 Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT)

新加坡改良信托局 was a government organisation set up in 1927 by the British colonial government in Singapore in response to the housing needs of the population of Singapore

2858 Singapore Interbank Offer Rate (SIBOR)

新加坡银行同业拆息率 The interest rate at which banks located in Asian time zones can borrow funds from other banks located in the region. Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sibor.asp#ixzz1qELRwMXy

2859 Singapore Land Authority (SLA)

新加坡土地管理局 is a statutory board under the Ministry of Law. Our main focus is on land resource optimisation.

2860 Singapore Mediation Centre (SMC)

新加坡调解中心 is the flagship mediation centre of Singapore

2861 Singapore Permanent Resident (SPR)

新加坡永久居民 application is best for those under 50 years old, suitably qualified or skilled, on Employment pass or S Pass. Those over 50 but who are well qualified, enjoying High Income, employed in rather Senior Positions & having excellent fixed & liquid assets could also try for SPR.

2862 Singapore Permanent Resident (SPR) Quota (HDB)

永久居民组屋配额 families buying a resale flat will have to meet the SPR quota

2863 Singapore Science Park

新加坡科学工业园 is a research, development and technologies hub in Singapore

2864 Single Singapore Citizen Scheme (HDB)

申请购买转手政府组屋中的

单身人士组别

Single citizens who are 35 years old can buy a resale HDB flat for himself/herself under the Single Singapore Citizen Scheme.

2865 Sinking fund 作为将来维修所需的后备储

蓄

A means of repaying funds that were borrowed through a bond issue

2866 Site 备有基本设施的空地 An area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed

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2867 Site analysis 一个为鉴定某待建产业项目

是否适合于某地段所做 的评

估

evaluates the work site for how effective it is at supporting the task

2868 Site area 地盘面积 means the area of land on which the proposed development is to be carried out

2869 Site coverage 覆盖率 / 屋子有盖面积与土

地面积的比率

The percentage of a site that is covered by the built environment

2870 Site plan 地盘平面图 / 工地平面图 /

规划设计图

is an architectural plan, and a detailed engineering drawing of proposed improvements to a given lot

2871 Site planning 地盘规划 in landscape architecture and architecture refers to the organizational stage of the landscape design process

2872 Site survey plan 地盘测量图

2873 Site valuation method

地盘估价方法

2874 Sitting tenant 现居租户 To occupy the property as tenant, but have legal rights without a leas

2875 Sixty/Forty (60/40) rule

工业用地租户必须将六成的

楼面充当工业用途, 而

其余的四成则可作为辅助性

用途如食堂与办公室

2876 Sketch plan 草图 / 简图 An illustrative plan or model that shows the maximum densities for residential and non-residential development, including building

2877 Skin (building) 建筑物的外层

2878 Skirting 墙脚线 being all around the edges

2879 Sky lease 租用空间, 如机场经营者拥有

机场内所有建筑物的

空间权

lease of air rights, or the right to build a structure that, except for its supports, is constructed above a plane over a specified property

2880 Slaughter-house 屠宰场 is a facility where animals are processed for consumption as food products

2881 Sliding door 滑动门 A door drawn across an aperture on a groove or suspended from a track, rather than turning on hinges.

2882 Sliding gate 滑动闸 A barrier guard that slides down each time the press cycles to prohibit access to the point of operation during a press operation.

2883 Sliding window 滑动窗 a window that open by sliding horizontally

2884 Slump (economic) 经济萧条 / 经济萎缩 A recession is a business cycle contraction, a general slowdown in economic activity over a period of time

2885 Small Claims Tribunals (SCT)

小额赔偿法庭

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2886 Small Office Home Office (SOHO)

小型家庭办公室单位 A business that is operated out of a business owner's residence and can be located in an established office within the residence.

2887 Small Scale Business Scheme (HDB)

小型生意计划 - 在这计划下,

政府组屋屋主无须申 请即可

在组屋内从事小生意

2888 Social networks 社交网络 is a social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes," which are tied (connected)

2889 Social Visit Pass (Immigration)

游客入境签证 is given to foreign visitors upon arriva

2890 Socket 插座 An opening or a cavity into which an inserted part is designed to fit

2891 Soft launch 预售促销活动 is the release of a website, hotel, or other product or service to a limited audience

2892 Soil investigation 土质调查

2893 Sole agency 唯一代理 When a single (sole) estate agent has been given the right to sell or let a property

2894 Sole owner 唯一拥有人 Ownership of property by a single person or entity

2895 Sole proprietor 独资生意人 The sole proprietor is an unincorporated business with one owner who pays personal income tax on profits from the business.

2896 Sole proprietorship 独资生意形式 also known as a sole trader or simply a proprietorship is a type of business entity which is owned and run by one

2897 Sole tenant 租用整层楼房的租客 / 独租

租户 / 唯一租户

is one who holds lands in his own right

2898 Sole-agency listing 拥有唯一代理的待售房产

2899 Solicit 乞求 / 要求 Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone

2900 Solicitor 律师 / 事务律师 One that solicits, especially one that seeks trade or contributions

2901 Sound mind 正常人士 having an understanding of one's actions and reasonable knowledge of one's family, possessions and surroundings

2902 Spam 垃圾邮件 is a term used to refer to junk email

2903 Spam Control Act 垃圾邮件管制法令 recently came into effect to overcome the widespread problem of Spam in Singapore. This article discusses the effect it will have on Spammers as well as the rights of the recipients of Spam, with regard to receiving these unsolicited e-mails.

2904 Special approval 住宅房地产法令 – 外国人要

拥有我国的有地房产

须申请特别准证

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2905 Special CPF Housing Grant (SHG)

特别公积金购屋津贴 is given on-top of the Additional CPF Housing Grant (AHG) to eligible first-timer families who are applying to buy a 2-room or 3-room standard flat in a non-mature estate and who are able to meet the eligibility conditions under the SHG.

2906 Special relationship 侵权法定义里的关连性 / 两

件事之间的关连

is a legal principle that makes the state liable for the harm inflicted on the individual by a third party provided that the state has assumed control over the individual which is sufficient to trigger an affirmative duty to provide protection to that individual

2907 Specialise / Specialisation

专门从事 / 专长 A method of production where a business or area focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services in order to gain greater degrees of productive efficiency within the entire system of businesses or areas.

2908 Specific performance

强制履行 A remedy in the event of breach of contract, whereby the Court orders a party found in breach of his/her contractual obligations to perform their specific duty as set out in the contract.

2909 Specified mode of acceptance

指定接受认购权的方式, 如将

签妥的合约交递给卖 方律师

2910 Specified mode of execution

指定之签立方式

2911 Specified use 指定用途 A specific purpose for a power of attorney with the IRS that is not recorded on the centralized authorization file.

2912 Speculation 投机活动 The process of selecting investments with higher risk in order to profit from an anticipated price movement.

2913 Split unit 分割出来的产业单位 / 双层

单位

2914 Sports club 体育会所 a public or private organization for athletes and sports enthusiasts

2915 Sports complex 运动场馆 / 体育馆 is a multi-sport indoor facility

2916 Spouse 配偶 A marriage partner; a husband or wife

2917 Spouse’s consent (HDB)

配偶允许或同意卖屋 This form is to be completed if the seller(s)' spouse is not a lessee of the flat

2918 Spread 利差 The difference between the bid and the ask price of a security or asset

2919 Sprinkler system 消防花洒系统 / 洒水灭火系

统

A system of devices, usually installed below ground level, to scatter or spray water droplets over a lawn, golf course, or the like

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2920 Square footage 长乘宽所得的楼面面积 a unit of area equal to one foot by one foot square

2921 Squatters 非法居留者 A person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land.

2922 Stable investment 稳定的投资 is an investment that is seen to be lacking excessive volatility

2923 Stack-up factories 双层工厂, 其中两楼之间设有

夹层

2924 Stadium 体育馆 / 球场 / 运动场 A large, usually open structure for sports events with tiered seating for spectators

2925 Staged rent 分期递增租金 An area in which actors perform

2926 Staircase 楼梯 A flight or series of flights of steps and a supporting structure connecting separate levels.

2927 Stake 股权 / 利害关系 / 利益 A piece of wood or metal pointed at one end for driving into the ground as a marker, fence pole, or tent peg

2928 Stakeholder 买屋定金或余额保存人 A party that has an interest in an enterprise or project.

2929 Stakeholder money 买屋定金或余额在过度时期

交由第三方保存

2930 Stakeholding Clause 买卖合约中提及买屋定金或

余额保存人的条款

2931 Stamp duty 印花税 The tax placed on legal documents usually in the transfer of assets or property

2932 Stamp duty on mortgage agreement

抵押贷款合约印花税

2933 Stamp duty on Sale and Purchase (S&P) Agreement

买卖合约印花税

2934 Stamp duty on Tenancy Agreement

租约印花税

2935 Stamping 为法律文件加盖(税务局)印

花

Crush, flatten, or remove with a heavy blow from one's feet

2936 Standard document 标准文件

2937 Standard factories 标准厂房 A building or group of buildings in which goods are manufactured

2938 Standard form 标准表格 A "record or a group of related records containing terms prepared for repeated use in transactions and so used in a transaction in which there was no negotiated change of terms by individuals except to set the price, quantity, method of payment, selection among standard options

2939 Standard of care 对第三方谨慎从事的标准 the watchfulness, attention, caution and

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prudence that a reasonable person in the circumstances would exercise.

2940 Standard of service 服务水准 is the interaction between a business and its customers

2941 Standard rent 标准租金

2942 Standing order 银行客户与银行所做的定时

汇款安排

an instruction or prescribed procedure in force permanently or until changed or canceled

2943 Start point (HDB) 起点

2944 State covenant 官方契诺 an agreement in writing under seal

2945 State grant 政府售出的土地 A financial award given by the federal, state or local government to an eligible grantee

2946 State land 国有土地 This is called public land.

2947 State lease / state tenancy

国有土地租约

2948 Statement 陈述 / 声明 / 报表 / 结单 n abstract of a commercial or financial account showing an amount due

2949 Statement of accounts

帐目报表 A record of transactions and their effect on account balances over a specified period of time, for a given account

2950 Statement of claim 申索陈述书 n the law, a cause of action (sometimes called a claim) is a set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue to obtain money

2951 Statement of defence

抗辩陈述书 / 答辩书 A defendant's written answer or reply to a statement of claim, admitting or denying each and every one of the facts contained in the statement of claim and alleging such facts as the defendant wishes to assert at trial in opposition to the plaintiff's case.

2952 Statement of facts 事实陈述书

2953 Statute 法规 An established law or rule, as of a corporation.

2954 Statute law 明文法 An act of a legislature that declares, proscribes, or commands something; a specific law, expressed in writing

2955 Statutory 法例规定的 An established law or rule, as of a corporation.

2956 Statutory body 法定机构 means the council of a county, the corporation of a county

2957 Statutory compensation

法定赔偿

2958 Statutory damages 法定赔偿 are pre-established damages for cases where calculating a correct sum is deemed difficult

2959 Statutory Declaration (SD)

法定声明

2960 Statutory 注册公司时申请人所做的宣 means you are following the laws on a given

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Declaration of Compliance

誓 issue

2961 Statutory duty 法定职责 Obligation of a firm's directors or officers imposed by corporate legislation, such as disclosure of personal-interest contracts

2962 Statutory easement 法定地役权 Easements for the provision of essential services within a community

2963 Statutory Land Grant (SLG)

永久地契 this is another form of freehold title issued by the State, subject to conditions stated in the State Lands Act.

2964 Statutory lien 官方机构对某地产所作的合

法索求, 如追讨所欠产

业税

A lien arising under a statute, not including a security interest or judicial lien.

2965 Statutory notice 法定通知书 The giving of private land for public use under a procedure dictated by statute

2966 Statutory requirements

法定要求 Laws passed by a legislative body and set forth in a formal document

2967 Statutory tenancy 法定租赁 A tenant who has the right to stay in a property even after their tenancy agreement with the landlord has come to an end

2968 Stipulation 规定 an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else

2969 Stock in trade 货物 / 存货 any equipment constantly used as part of a profession or occupation;

2970 Stop cheque / Payment

止付支票 / 停止付款 The action or process of paying someone or something, or of being paid.

2971 Stop Clause 租约中的’每月最高水

电费’条款, 倘若租户超

出最高

费则必须自己支付多

出的费用

An agreement in a lease that states that operating expenses will be paid by the landlord up to a certain amount

2972 Storeroom 储藏室 a room or space for the storing of goods or supplies

2973 Storey height limit 楼高限制

2974 Strata landed properties 分层屋契有地住屋

2975 Strata lot 分层屋契住屋单位 A lot defined in a plan lodged under strata scheme legislation. Includes lots wholly or partially inside building, external lots

2976 Strata plan 分层屋契住屋项目总

蓝图

The registered plan of a strata title property showing the boundaries of lots and unit entitlements.

2977 Strata roll 分层屋契屋主名册 is created at the time of registration of the strata plan by the original owner. It must be maintained by the owners' corporation.

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2978 Strata sub-divided 土地被分层为分层屋

契住屋

2979 Strata title 分层屋契 / 分层地契 is a form of ownership devised for multi-level apartment blocks and horizontal subdivisions with shared areas

2980 Strata Title Plan 分层屋契计划图

2981 Strata Titles Board (STB) 分层屋契局 s a body constituted under Part VI of the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act to hear applications; for orders for collective sales under Part VA of the Land Titles (Strata) Act

2982 Strata units 分层屋契单位 A three-dimensionally defined piece of land within a strata plan

2983 Street Block Plans 市区重建局对某些排

屋和店屋的特定规划

指导, 包

括特定的楼高限制, 缩

进距离等

2984 Street frontage 面向街道 The width or measurement of a lot at the street line

2985 Street names 街名 an alternative name that a person chooses or is given (especially in inner city neighborhoods)

2986 Structural additions / alterations

结构上的增建 / 改建

2987 Structural column 结构柱 A supporting pillar consisting of a base, a cylindrical shaft, and a capital

2988 Structural defects 结构性的缺陷 / 损坏 Damage to the load-bearing portion of a home that affects the use of the home for dwelling purposes

2989 Structural engineer 结构工程师 design structures to withstand stresses and pressures such as weather and human use

2990 Structural investigation 结构勘查

2991 Structural repairs 结构维修 technical term, contrasted to renovations or non-structural repairs.

2992 Structural wall 结构墙 A wall capable of supporting an imposed load.

2993 Studio apartment (HDB ) 小型公寓 (指私人公 also known as a studio flat (UK), efficiency apartment or bachelor apartment, is a small apartment which combines living room, bedroom, and kitchenette into a single room

2994 Sub-contract 转包 is a contract between a prime contractor and a subcontractor to furnish supplies or services for the performance of a prime contract

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2995 Subdivision of land 分割地段 means the division of a lot, tract, or parcel of land into two or more lots

2996 Subject to 受制于某条件 possibly accepting or permitting

2997 Subject to contract 有待合约形成 / 合约形

成之前不受约束

is used on documents exchanged by parties during contract negotiations. These words denote that the document is not an offer or acceptance and negotiations are still going on.

2998 Sub-Lease / Sublet / Subletting

分租 A real property rental agreement between an original tenant and a new tenant.

2999 Sub-letting of JTC facilities 分租裕廊镇集团工业

设施

Subletting takes place when the lessee or tenant of a JTC land or facility rents a portion of his building space to another party - including related companies or one that he wholly owns

3000 Sub-letting of Whole HDB flat

分租整间政府组屋

3001 Sub-mortgage 二次抵押 A type of mortgage that is normally made out to borrowers with lower credit ratings.

3002 Subordinate court 初级法庭

3003 Subpoena 传召出庭令 s a document that requires its recipient to appear in court as a witness

3004 Sub-purchase 转购

3005 Sub-purchaser 转购人 A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second hand.

3006 Sub-sale 转售房地产认购权 The sale of a unit by one who has signed an agreement to purchase the unit from a developer or a subsequent purchaser

3007 Subsequent assignment 其后的转让契

3008 Subsequent charge 其后的押记

3009 Subsequent marriage (HDB)

再婚

3010 Subsequent mortgage 其后的抵押 A type of subordinate mortgage made while an original mortgage is still in effect.

3011 Subsidiary legislation 附属法例

3012 Subsidiary proprietor 分层屋契住屋的屋主 “Occupier” means a person residing in a Flat but excluding maids

3013 Subsidiary Strata Certificate of Title (SSCT)

分层屋契的全名

3014 Subsidised loans (HDB) 政府组屋优惠利率贷

款

3015 Subsisting encumbrance 尚在的土地产权负担,

如尚未还清的土地抵

押

3016 Subsisting mortgage 尚在的抵押 / 尚在的土

地抵押

to remain or continue in existence

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3017 Substantial 实在的 / 大型的 Of considerable importance, size, or worth

3018 Substantial shareholder 大股东 A person acquires an interest in relevant share capital equal to, or exceeding, 10% of the share capital

3019 Substantiate / substantiated

证实 Provide evidence to support or prove the truth of.

3020 Substitute 代替 / 取代 A product or service that satisfies the need of a consumer that another product or service fulfills.

3021 Substitute… … for 被代替 / 被取代 One that takes the place of another; a replacement

3022 Substitution 代替品 / 取代品 The action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing.

3023 Subsurface rights 地下层的使用权 Landowner's rights to the water and other substances below the surface of land.

3024 Sub-tenancy 分租租赁 / 分租租约 a person who rents from a tenant

3025 Sub-tenant 分租客 is someone who has the right to use and occupy rental property leased by a tenant from a landlord

3026 Subterranean 地下层 is an adjective that describes something just below what can be seen

3027 Subtract 减去 Taking one number away from another.

3028 Success rate 成功率

3029 Succession 继承产业 A number of people or things sharing a specified characteristic and following one after the other.

3030 Successive interests 延续性的产权

3031 Successor in title 业权继承人 a term commonly used in relation to restrictive covenants and easements, means the successive owners of the titled land are bound by the said agreement.

3032 Sue for damages 为赔偿损失而起诉

3033 Sufficient cause (for disciplinary actions)

充足理由 (采取纪律处

分)

The one, such as a person, event, or condition, that is responsible for an action or result

3034 Sufficient notice 充足时间的通知

3035 Sui Juris 签约时必须达到的法

定资格, 如合法年龄

One who has all the rights to which a freemen is entitled; one who is not under the power of another, as a slave, a minor, and the like.

3036 Suit 讼案 / 起诉 Be convenient for or acceptable to.

3037 Suite 套房 A set of rooms designated for one person's or family's use or for a particular purpose.

3038 Summary conviction 简易程序定罪 Minor violation of law prosecutable without an indictment or full trial.

3039 Summons to Witness 证人传票 is a legal document that orders a person to

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attend a Board proceeding, sometimes requiring the person to bring specific documents to the hearing.

3040 Supersede 取代 Take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use)

3041 Superstructure 上层结构 / 上层构筑物 A physical or conceptual structure extended or developed from a basic form.

3042 Supervise / supervision 监管 / 督促 Observe and direct the execution of (a task, project, or activity).

3043 Supplemental agreement 增补协议 An agreement that modifies a previous agreement, usually by adding additional conditions

3044 Supplemental lease 修改过或重新调整过

的租约

3045 Supplier 供应商 someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity

3046 Supply of land 土地供应 can be defined as the number of parcels of land a landowner is willing to make available for industrial,commercial or residential purposes

3047 Supply-side measure 供应方面的压制措施 A government policy designed to increase output.

3048 Support space 供辅助性用途的楼面 In a space requirements projection, space for functions other than workstations occupied by staff

3049 Supreme Court 高等法院 the highest Federal court, possessing final appellate jurisdiction

3050 Surcharge 附加费 A fee or other charge that is added to the cost of a good or service

3051 Surface right 土地拥有权 Ownership rights in a parcel of real estate that are limited to the surface of the property and do not include the air above it (air rights)

or the minerals below the surface (subsurface rights).

3052 Surplus money (project account)

新建私人房产工程户

口里的盈利

A situation in which assets exceed liabilities, income exceeds expenditures, exports

exceed imports, or profits exceed losses.

3053 Surrender / Surrender of tenancy

租户因故取消或退回

租约

Abandonment of a leased property, or premature termination of a lease

3054 Survey 土地测量 to examine as to condition, situation, or value

3055 Survey plans 土地测量蓝图 A representation or drawing of land surveyed, prepared from particulars recorded in a field book of a surveyor

3056 Surveyor 土地测量师 A person who surveys, esp. one whose profession is the surveying of land.

3057 Survive / Survivor 还活着 / 生存者 Continue to live or exist, esp. in spite of

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danger or hardship.

3058 Survivorship 生存者取得权 The right of a person who survives a partner or joint owner to the entire ownership of something that was previously owned jointly.

3059 Suspend / Suspension of licence / registration

暂时吊销牌照 / 注册 Temporarily prevent from continuing or being in force or effect

3060 Suspended ceiling 垂吊式假天花板 A dropped ceiling is a secondary ceiling, hung below the main (structural) ceiling.

3061 SWAP Offer Rate (SOR) 新元掉期利率 is fixed by the Association of Banks in Singapore. It represents the average cost of funds used by banks in Singapore for commercial lending.

3062 Sweat equity 资产因整修而获得的

增值

An interest or increased value in a property earned from labor toward upkeep or restoration.

3063 Swimming pool 游泳池 A structure, often a concrete-lined excavation of rectangular shape, that is filled with water and used for swimming.

3064 Switch box / Switch panel 电掣箱 / 电掣板 a metal box containing the working parts of an electrical switch

3065 Switch room 电掣房 A room, often an entire floor, containing switching equipment, especially for telephone lines

3066 Sworn Interpreter 宣誓译员 is a professional translator who has to translate documents

T

3067 Tabulate / tabulation / table

制成表格或览表 / 览表 Arrange (data) in tabular form

3068 Take-up rate 认购率 percentage of stockholders agreeing to buy more stock

3069 Tangible asset 实质资产 one having physical existence and a life exceeding one year. It is not kept for resale in the ordinary course of business.

3070 Target marketing 针对性的行销策略 Identifying a target market after detailed research and developing specific marketing campaigns focused at it.

3071 Tax 税项 An enforced charge demanded of persons, corporations and organizations by the government to be used to support government services and programs.

3072 Tax advisor 税务顾问 A financial expert with advanced training and knowledge of tax law

3073 Tax assessor 税务鉴定师 Government official who values real estate property for tax purposes and ascertains the annual property tax assessments that must be collected.

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3074 Tax exempt 免缴税项目 Tax-free status given to certain nonprofit organizations and governmental entities

3075 Tax lien 税务局追讨的未缴税

额 / 与税务相关的先取

权

A claim against property which may be sold by the taxing authority arising out of non-payment of taxes.

3076 Tax rate 税率 amount of tax to be paid based on taxable income. The tax rate usually changes as the unit of the tax base changes.

3077 Tax resident 长期(超过半年)居住在

我国的纳税人

if you stay or work in Singapore for at least 183 days in a calendar year. The number of days in Singapore includes weekends and public holidays

3078 Tax shelter 可用来抵消个人所得

税的投资项目或开销 /

在缴地

产税时可扣除的开支,

如保险费

Tax advantages such as deductions for property taxes, maintenance, mortgage interest, insurance, and especially depreciation, which gives the owner certain tax advantages. An investment that offers income tax savings is called a tax shelter. A tax shelter acts as a form of tax incentive for any property that gives an investor the opportunity to claim losses or other deductions, or obtain benefits such as tax credits or revenue guarantees that over a stipulated period, are more than the amount the investor paid for the property.

3079 Taxable person 必须征收消费税的商

家,公司或任何业者

The person or company from whom a government collects a value-added tax

3080 Taxable supply 必须缴消费税的货品

与服务

are goods and services that are supplied in the course of a commercial activity and are subject to GST/HST (including zero-rated supplies).

3081 Taxpayer 纳税人 A person or entity who pays taxes

3082 Telemarketeer 电话行销员 The business or practice of marketing goods or services by telephone

3083 Telemarketing 电话行销 The act of selling, soliciting or promoting a product or service over the telephone.

3084 Temporary access road 临时车道或行人道 Temporary road that provides access to a specific destination, as to a main highway or to a property that lies within another property.

3085 Temporary Development Levy

临时土地发展税. a time based levy pegged to the period of permission and would help to reduce the start-up cost for businesses which would otherwise have to pay the full Development Charge (DC) for any proposals involving enhancement of land value

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beyond the Development Baseline. 3086 Temporary Occupation

Licences (TOL) 临时用地准证 A license issued by the state authority to

occupy state land for certain restricted and permitted purposes for periods usually not exceeding one year (which can be renewed for a further year), unless for the purposes of extraction of rock materials for which terms of up to five years or more may be granted.

3087 Temporary Occupation Permit (TOP)

临时入伙证 The issue of TOP usually marks the building’s physical completion as fit to stay. Only then can owners or tenants begin to occupy the premises. TOP is issued before CSC which denotes both legal completion and compliance with regulations.

3088 Temporary sign 临时告示 Any sign that is not intended to be permanently installed

3089 Tenancy 租赁 An interest in real property giving the right to its possession and use.

3090 Tenancy Agreement (TA) 租约 / 租赁合约 a lease in which the asset is tangible property

3091 Tenancy at Sufferance 宽容租约 A wrongful holding of premises by a tenant after his or her lease has terminated.

3092 Tenancy at Will 随意租约 A possession of premises by permission of an owner or landlord and having no fixed term.

3093 Tenancy-in-common 分权共有 / 按权共有 The co-ownership of property by two or more persons whose interests need not be equal and who each hold an undivided interest in the entire property and without the right of survivorship.

3094 Tenant 租客 / 租户 / 承租人 The party who has legal temporary possession and use of real property belonging to another.

3095 Tenant’s covenants 租户的契诺

3096 Tenant’s trade 租户的业务或生意

3097 Tenant-in-common (Ownership)

分权共有人 / 按权共有

人

one of the ways to hold title, to own property, by two or more individuals

3098 Tender 投标 An unconditional offer of money or performance by one of the parties to a contract to carry out his or her part of the contract which when unjustifiably refused may permit the party making tender to exercise remedies for breach of contract.

3099 Tendering system 招标制度 facilitates the complete tendering process from the advertising of the requirement through to the placing of the contract. This includes the exchange of all relevant documents in electronic format.

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3100 Tenement 土地所有权中包括的

房屋或土地

All things which may be owned that are of a permanent nature such as land and buildings and in a more restrictive sense a house or a dwelling.

3101 Tennis court 网球场 the court on which tennis is played

3102 Tenure 土地使用期 Classification of one's ownership rights in land. One way either buy the land and own all rights to it or lease it where one's rights are described in and limited by the lease agreement.

3103 Term 时间 / 期限 The length of the contract period.

3104 Term loan 短期贷款 / 中期贷款 /

长期贷款

Intermediate - to long-term collateralized loan granted to a business by a commercial bank, insurance company, or commercial finance company such as to finance the purchase of real estate. The loan is amortized over a fixed period.

3105 Term of contract 合同条款 the period of time during which a contract conveying property to a person is in effect

3106 Term of lease 租赁期 the length of time that a lease shall be in effect

3107 Term of years absolute 绝对年期 is simply a lease, which may be in possession, or come into possession in the future

3108 Terminal 总站 / 终站 / 码头 A location on either end of a transportation line, including servicing and handling facilities.

3109 Termination of agreement 终止协议

3110 Termination of joint ownership

终止共同租户契约

3111 Termination of lease / tenancy agreement

终止租约

3112 Terms and Conditions 条款及条件 General and special arrangements, provisions, requirements, rules, specifications, and standards that form an integral part of an agreement or contract.

3113 Terms of agreement 协议条款

3114 Terms of tenancy 租赁条款 / 租约条款

3115 Terrace 平台 / 露台 / 台阶 Unroofed, paved area built adjacent to an apartment building or residence.

3116 Terrace house 排屋 A type of landed housing where by several low rise houses, usually not more than three storeys, are linked together and they share common party walls. The minimum plot size is 150 sq. m. for the intermediate units and 200 sq. m. for the corner units. The minimum frontage of the buildings are 6 m. and 8 m.

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respectively.

3117 Territories 领域 / 地区 An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state

3118 Test of Fixture 鉴定某物确实是附属

物

something used to consistently test some item, device, or piece of software

3119 Test of Remoteness 侵权法定义 - 追究两件

事是否有所关连

3120 Testament 遗嘱 A will. Describes the disposition of property

3121 Testamentary disposition 遗嘱处置 / 在遗嘱中作

出的产权处置

The transfer of real estate after one's death under a will is called testamentary because the will cannot become operative until after one's death.

3122 Testate 留下遗嘱 To have made and left a legally valid will at death

3123 Testate Succession 屋契通过遗嘱转让给

继承人

Distribution of the estate of a deceased in accordance with his or her will.

3124 Testator / Testatrix 男立遗嘱者 / 女立遗嘱

者

man or woman, respectively, who makes a will.

3125 Thereabout 左右 / 大概 near that place, time, amount

3126 Thereafter (法律用语) 其后 After that time

3127 Thereat (法律用语) 因此, 于是 At that place

3128 Thereby (法律用语) 籍此 By that means

3129 Therefor (法律用语) 为此 For that object or purpose

3130 Therefore 因此所以 For that reason

3131 Therefrom (法律用语) 从那里 From that or that place

3132 Therein (法律用语) 在那里 In that place, document, or respect

3133 Thereinafter (法律用语)下文 In a later part of that document

3134 Thereinbefore (法律用语) 上文 In an earlier part of that document.

3135 Thereinto (法律用语) 在其中 Into that place.

3136 Thereof (法律用语) 由此,关于

它

Of the thing just mentioned

3137 Thereon (法律用语) 在那上面 On or following from the thing just mentioned

3138 Thereto (法律用语) 到那里 To that or that place

3139 Theretofore (法律用语) 直到那时 Before that time

3140 Thereunder (法律用语) 在其下 In accordance with the thing mentioned

3141 Thereupon (法律用语) 随即 Immediately or shortly after that

3142 Therewith (法律用语) 随后 With or in the thing mentioned

3143 Third Child Priority Scheme (HDB)

建屋与发展局组屋申

请计划中的 ’育有三名

儿女的 家庭’ 组别

scheme encourages families to have more than 2 children

3144 Third party 第三方 (1)A party who is to be treated honestly and fairly, presented openly with material facts and given an accurate accounting of any

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funds received. (2) A party who is not owed fiduciary duties or responsibilities. (3) A customer of a licensee.

3145 Third party Clause 第三者条款

3146 Threatening tactic 恐吓 / 威胁的手段

3147 Three tier property tax rate

分三阶的房产税税率 The first $6,000 of ANNUAL VALUE(AV) will be exempted from property tax. The next $59,000 AV will be taxed at 4% and the balance of AV above $65,000 will be taxed at 6%.

3148 Time Bar / Time-barred (HDB)

禁止期 / 某段时间内不

可申请租用或购买政

府组屋

3149 Time value of money 金钱的时间价值 – 如今

天一块钱的价值会比

明天的

一块钱的价值来得高

the value of money figuring in a given amount of interest earned over a given amount of time

3150 Title 土地的产权 / 所有权 A specific document which serves as proof of ownership.

3151 Title by registration 产业权通过注册生效

3152 Title deeds 屋契 / 产业权契约 / 所

有权契约

A legal deed or document constituting evidence of a right

3153 Title instrument 产业权契约

3154 Title registration system 产业权注册制度

3155 Title search 产业权契约的搜索 A detailed check of the title records at the recorder's office to make certain that the buyer is purchasing a property from the legal owner and that there are no more liens against the property's title than those already disclosed by the seller.

3156 To be observed 必须遵守

3157 Top-up Grant Scheme (HDB)

添加公积金购屋津贴 -

申请转售政府组屋时,

单身人

仕组别与非公民配偶

组别若符合条件可获

得’添加

津贴’

a housing subsidy for those who have taken a CPF Housing Grant for Singles previously in their purchase of a resale flat

3158 Torrens System 多伦式制度 - 指产业权

注册制度

A system used in certain states that was created by Sir Robert Torrens which gives evidence of land title by registration with a public authority usually called a registrar in which the state by law insures the quality of title against certain defects.

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3159 Tort 侵权法 Any wrongful act such as a private injury or civil wrongdoing that does not involve a breach of contract.

3160 Tort of Deceit 侵权欺诈 fraud

3161 Tort of Negligence 侵权疏忽 A breach of duty or a failure of one party to exercise the standard of care required by law, resulting in damage to the party to whom the duty was owed.

3162 Total down-payment 首期付款总额 Amount available as a down payment to be paid up front, rather than financed

3163 Tower block 高层大厦 tower consisting of a multistoried building of offices or apartments

3164 Town council 市镇理事会 An elected governing body in a municipality

3165 Town subdivision 市镇小分局 survey districts in the city area

3166 Townhouse 分层地契共管排屋 A house in a row of usually the same or similar design with common side walls or with a very narrow space between adjacent side walls.

3167 Trade fixtures 商业或工业产业内的

附属物 / 此类不动的附

属物是

租户在作业时所需用

的, 所以它是属于租户

的个人

物

The articles of personal property attached by a business tenant to real property which are necessary to operate the business and which are normally removed by the tenant at the end of the term.

3168 Trade mix 在一家百货商场中各

个不同种类的零售商

店

elements of the marketing mix that relate to building demand at the middleman (wholesaler, retailer, distributor) level.

3169 Transacted rental 成交租金 Negotiated rental

3170 Transaction cost 交易成本 Expenditure to make a specific security or real estate transaction..

3171 Transaction falls through 交易未能完成

3172 Transaction price 交易价 / 成交价 Price of a certain quantity of a good or service expressed in terms of (relative to) the

quantity of some other good or service

3173 Transfer 转让 Changing property ownership

3174 Transfer deed 产权转让契约 a document used in conveyancing to transfer real property from its legal owner to another party.

3175 Transfer document 转让文件 the documents typically used in a Real Estate Transaction and include the Transfer of Land, Statement of Adjustments, etc

3176 Transferee 承转人 / 承让人 someone to whom a title or property is conveyed

3177 Transferor 出让人 / 转让人 someone who conveys a title or property to another.

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3178 Transformer station 电力变压站

3179 Trespass on property 非法侵入他人产业 involves the wrongful interference with one's possessory rights in real property

3180 Trespasser 非法闯入者 / 非法进入

他人产业者

someone who intrudes on the privacy or property of another without permission.

3181 Triple net lease (Commercial)

一种规定租户除了必

须缴月租还得缴杂费

与产业税

的商业租赁

A lease agreement that designates the lessee (the tenant) as being solely responsible for all of the costs relating to the asset being leased in addition to the rent fee applied under the

lease.

3182 Trust 信托 A fiduciary relationship in which an independent trustee, third party, holds legal title to property for the beneficiaries of the trust who hold the equitable title during the life of the trust and who may not deal with the property as his own.

3183 Trust account 信托户口 An account established by a broker under the provisions of the license law that is apart and physically segregated from the broker's own funds, in which the broker must deposit all funds collected for clients or any other persons until the completion occurs.

3184 Trust deed 信托契约 / 信托契约 An instrument in use in many states, that takes the place of and serves the use of a common law mortgage, by which a trustor places the legal title to real property with a trustee to secure the repayment of a sum of money to the beneficiary.

3185 Trust income 信托收入 The income derived from investment of assets of a trust

3186 Trustee 信托人 / 受托人 A third party holding legal title in trust for a beneficiary to secure the performance of an obligation by the trustor under a trust deed. See Trust Deed, Trustor and Beneficiary.

3187 Trustor 委托人 - 指真正的屋主 The party who borrows money from a trust deed beneficiary (lender) and who deeds the real property securing the loan to a trustee (third party) to be held as security until the trustor (borrower) has performed (paid back) the obligation to the lender.

3188 Turfed area 草坪 / 草地 surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

3189 Turnover 营业额 The number of times a given amount of inventory sells over a given period of time.

3190 Turnover rent 以租户每月生意额的

某个百分比来计算租

金

A rent which is calculated as a proportion of the annual turnover of the lessee's business

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3191 TV outlet 电视接收插座

3192 Tweet 推特网页 a weak chirping sound; squeeze tightly between the fingers

3193 Two-tier Management Corporation Scheme

同一栋大楼里的双层

产业管理公司 - 一层为

公寓管 理, 另一层为办

公楼或商店楼管理

is made up of two levels of management— a main MC at the first tier and one or more subsidiary management corporations (sub-MCs) at the second tier

U

3194 Unauthorized building 违例建筑物 / 建筑物

3195 Unauthorized building works

违例建筑工程 / 非法建

筑工程

3196 Unauthorized development

违例发展 / 非法发展

3197 Unauthorized structure 违例结构物 / 非法结构

物

3198 Unauthorized usage of land

违法使用土地

3199 Unblocked view 无阻挡景观

3200 Uncompleted building 未完成建筑物 a building (or other architectural structure, as a bridge, a road or a tower) where construction work was abandoned or on-hold at some stage or only exists as a design

3201 Uncompleted development

未完成的（土地）发

展项目

3202 Unconditional 无条件 Not subject to any conditions

3203 Unconscionable practice 不合情理的行为 refers to harsh or unfair behaviour by a stronger party over a weaker party through imposition of unreasonable terms or non disclosure of conditions

3204 Under-declare 虚报较低的成交价

3205 Under-lease 分租租契 A lease granted by a tenant or lessee; especially, a lease granted by one who is himself a lessee for years, for any fewer or less number of years than he himself holds; a sublease.

3206 Under-lessor 分租人 / 转租人

3207 Under-let 分租 / 转租 The grant of a lease to an under tenant

3208 Undertaking 承诺 / 承诺书 A formal pledge or promise to do something

3209 Undervalue 定值过低 / 估值偏低 Underestimate the financial value of (something)

3210 Undifferentiated marketing

没有区分性的行销 Sales-growth strategy that ignores market segment differences and attempts to appeal

to all prospective customers with a single, basic product line through mass advertising

and distribution

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3211 Undischarged bankrupt 未获解除破产令者 Someone against whom a bankruptcy order has been made and who has not been discharged from bankruptcy.

3212 Undisclosed encumbrance 没有披露的产权负担

3213 Undivided share 不分割股份 - 指分契屋

契的共有地方股份

A fractional ownership without a physical division into shares.

3214 Undivided share in land 分层屋契中配给的不

分割的共同地方股份

3215 Undue influence 不当影响 The using of a fiduciary or confidential relationship to obtain a fraudulent or unfair advantage of the weakness of mind, distress or necessity to control another.

3216 Unequal share 不平等的股份 not equal in quantity

3217 Unethical practice 不合专业操守的行为 not conforming to approved standards of social or professional behavior

3218 Unexecuted 未签立 not performed or carried out

3219 Unexpired term of lease 租契年期尚余的期间

3220 Unfair advantage 不公平的优势 a subjective term that is measured by a standard of proper conduct for persons in similar positions

3221 Unfit person 不适当的人 Person who’s not qualified or don’t have the required skills

3222 Unification of ownership 产业使用权的回归或

统一, 如租户买下正在

租用的

产业或地役权的回归

The four unities that are traditionally needed to create a joint tenancy - unity of time, title, interest and possession.

3223 Unilateral termination 单方面终止 Termination by one party only

3224 Unique / uniqueness 独特的 Being the only one of its kind

3225 Unit 单位 Segregated part of a structure such as an office in an office building or a residence in an apartment house.

3226 Unit holders 持有某房地产投资信

托公司股票者

An investor who owns one or more units in an investment trust

3227 Unities of Joint Tenancy 共同租户契约的持权

人享有同一的地产利

益

The particular characteristic of an estate held by several in joint tenancy and which contains the four unities of time, title, interest and possession giving all joint tenants one and the same interest, by commencing at the same time.

3228 Unitisation 把产业归纳入房地产

投资信托公司

the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units

3229 Unity of Interest 同一的地产利益 / 共同

租户契约的持权人

(Jointtenants) 必须在同

一时间取得其地产利

in joint tenancy, the joint tenants must acquire their interest by the same conveyance and the interest must be equal.

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益, 并通过

同一份转让契约取得

其权利, 同时也拥有同

样的永

久地契或平等有期契

约权利

3230 Unity of Possession 同一的占有权 Principle stating that the joint tenants must have equal rights to possession of the whole property

3231 Unity of Time 同时产生的利益 Principle stating that all joint tenants must acquire their interest from the same deed or will.

3232 Unity of Title 同一的地契 For joint tenants, the requirement that each of the tenants acquires her interest in the same instrument of conveyance.

3233 Unlicenced agent 无牌代理 Unaccredited agent or lack of official approval

3234 Unmarried siblings 单身的兄弟姐妹 Single in civil status or not yet married

3235 Unoccupied tenement/ Vacant tenement

空置产业 / 空置住宅 Unoccupied or available room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.

3236 Unqualified acceptance 无条件的接受 legally not qualified or sufficient

3237 Unqualified title 不会被质疑的屋契 / 没

有问题的屋契

lacking the necessary qualifications

3238 Unreasonable pressure 无理施压 exceeding the bounds of reason or moderation

3239 Unredeemed mortgage 未赎回的抵押

3240 Unregistered real estate salesperson

未注册的房屋经纪 not registered

3241 Unrestricted lease 无限制租契 / 不限制（

土地）用途租契

not subject to or subjected to restriction

3242 Unsatisfactory conduct 违规行为 / 不当的行为 Conduct that falls short of the standard of competence and diligence expected, or is unacceptable

3243 Unsatisfactory replies 政府部门的不合格的

回应 – 买方可就此负面

回应要

求取消合约

not adequate or suitable; unacceptable

3244 Unsecured loan 无抵押贷款 oan that is not secured by a mortgage on a specific property.

3245 Unsolicited advertising 未经请求的主动广告

宣传

Listing of real estate property done without any effort on the part of the real estate broker

3246 Unsubscribe 不愿再接受 Cancel a subscription

3247 Unused plot 尚未用尽的容积率 Never been use

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3248 Upgrade 提升 Raise (something) to a higher standard

3249 Upgrading costs 翻新费用 Cost incurred related to upgrading process

3250 Upgrading programme 翻新计划 Improve a plan, schedule, or procedure

3251 Upside potential 房地产市场上调的潜

能

The amount by which analysts or investors expect the price of a security may increase..

3252 Upswing 房地产市场的‘上进期’ An increase in strength or quantity

3253 Upzoned land 提升用途分区 The process in which a property is zoned from a lower to a higher use

3254 Urban area 市区 Metropolitan locality such as a city

3255 Urban development area 城市发展区 The process of outlining the growth and development of an urban area.

3256 Urban infill 在成熟住宅区加入新

住屋单位

In the urban planning and development industries, infill is the use of land within a built-up area for further construction, especially as part of a community redevelopment or growth management program or as part of smart growth

3257 Urban redevelopment 市区重建 a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use

3258 Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)

市区重建局 Singapore’s national land use planning and conservation authority. URA’s mission is “to make Singapore a great city to live, work and play in”. We strive to create a vibrant and sustainable city of distinction by planning and facilitating Singapore’s physical development in partnership with the community.

3259 Urban Renewal Scheme 市区重建计划 The specific activities undertaken by a local public agency in an urban renewal area to prevent and eliminate slum and blight which may involve slum clearance and redevelopment, rehabilitation or conservation or a combination thereof.

3260 Usable area 实用面积 / 可用面积 The occupiable part of an office or a building floor; generally measured from paint to paint inside the permanent walls and to the middle

of partitions separating one tenant’s space from that of other tenants on the same floor.

3261 Use groups 土地用途的分组 / 我国

共有九个土地用途分

组包括

民用, 商用, 工业用, 医

院与酒店等

A uniform practice or course of conduct followed in certain businesses or professions or some procedure or phase thereof.

3262 Use quantum 工业用地定量 – 必须是

60%作为工业用途和另

外

40%作为辅助用途

percentage of land that may be used productively to the total square footage of the land

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3263 Use schedule 用途表 An area in a city which have different land uses than the adjacent land such as commercial, industrial and residential.

3264 Use zoning 用途分区制 A map of the municipal area showing important types of land uses

3265 Useful life 产业可以取得利润的

年限

The span of time over which a property can be used or can provide benefits to its owner

3266 User Clause 规定土地用途条款 This is a contractual provision within a lease, that specifies the use, or uses to which a property may be put and the uses which are prohibited.

3267 User restriction 用途限制 A limiting condition or measure,

3268 Utility 公用事业 / 公用设施 An element of value that is the ability to give satisfaction and or excite a desire for its possession because it is useful.

3269 Utility charges 公用事业服务收费 / 公

用设施收费

Cost incurred or expense

3270 Utility easement 供公用事业局人员作

业的地役权

An easement granted to a public utility.

3271 Utility room 杂物室 Contains the appliances necessary for the maintenance of an establishment.

3272 Utilization rate 使用率 The usefulness of the property.

V

3273 Vacancy 空置着的屋子 / 市场出

现待售或待租的屋子

A position, office, or place of accommodation that is unfilled or unoccupied.

3274 Vacancy factor / Vacancy rate

空置率 / 空缺率 The vacancy rate is a numerical value calculated as the percentage of all available units in a rental property, such as a hotel or apartment complex, that are vacant or unoccupied at a particular time.

3275 Vacancy refund 税务局因纳税人的屋

子无法出租而退回部

分税金

3276 Vacant land 空置的土地 Land without usable structures

3277 Vacant possession 入伙空屋 / 房地产包空

出售

When land, a house etc is for sale with no one living there

3278 Vacant premises 空置楼房

3279 Valid 有效 Legally binding due to having been executed in compliance with the law

3280 Valid will 有效的遗嘱

3281 Validity period 有效期 identify the lifespan of an object or infotype record – or the period of time when an object or infotype record 'exists'

3282 Valuable consideration 有值代价 / 买价 Consideration founded on an act, benefit, forbearance, interest, promise, right, or good

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or service that has some economic value.

3283 Valuation 估价 the process of determining the value of an asset or company

3284 Valuation Limit (VL) 市值上限 / 市值限额 is the lower of the purchase price of the property, and the value of the property at the time of purchase.

3285 Valuation list 税务局发布的估价册

3286 Valuation notice 市场估价通知书 An annual informational letter mailed to each assessee stating the value as it will appear on the annual assessment

3287 Valuation report 估价报告

3288 Valuation Review Board 市场估价审查委员会

3289 Value 价值 Estimate the monetary worth of (something)

3290 Value in exchange 换算价值 The ability to trade an asset, such as money, for goods and services.

3291 Value in use 使用价值 The value of a property as used for a specific purpose.

3292 Valuer 估价师 someone who assesses the monetary worth of possessions.

3293 Vanish 消失 To pass out of sight, especially quickly

3294 Variable component in income

薪金的不固定部分

3295 Variable interest rate 浮动的贷款利率 An interest rate on a loan or security that fluctuates over time, because it is based on an underlying benchmark interest rate or index that changes periodically.

3296 Variable rate loan 浮动的银行利率贷款 A floating interest rate, also known as a variable rate or adjustable rate, refers to any type of debt instrument, such as a loan, bond, mortgage, or credit, that does not have a fixed rate of interest over the life of the instrument.

3297 Variation of lease 修改租契

3298 Varnish 磨亮 / 上亮漆 A paint containing a solvent and an oxidizing or evaporating binder, used to coat a surface with a hard, glossy, transparent film

3299 Vary 更改 / 修改 Differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class

3300 Vary conditions 更改条件 / 不同的状况

/ 变数

3301 Vehicle parking certificates (overnight parking)

夜间停车证 It was introduced to curb overnight parking of heavy vehicles along public streets, especially in residential estates.

3302 Vendor 卖方 A person or company offering something for sale

3303 Vendor’s default 卖方违约 / 失责

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3304 Vendor’s statement 卖方陈述 is a statement by the seller to the buyer detailing material particulars regarding the property in question

3305 Ventiduct 通风管道 / 通气管道 A passage for wind or air; a passage or pipe for ventilating apartments

3306 Venture capital 创业资金 Funds made available for startup firms and small businesses with exceptional growth potential.

3307 Veranda 走廊 A roofed platform along the outside of a house, level with the ground floor.

3308 Verifiable fact 可确证的事实

3309 Verify 核实 To prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or testimony; substantiate

3310 Vertical lot 多层楼房住屋单位

3311 Vertical subdivision 分割为多层楼房 he subdivision of land into lots where boundaries extend from the centre of the earth, through the earth’s surface to infinity.

3312 Vertical transportation 指电梯或电动扶梯 Elevators, stairs, or escalators moving people or freight between floors in a building.

3313 Vest 给与, 授与权益 To confer on a person the right of immediate or future legal ownership, or possession and use, of land or other property.

3314 Vested interest 既得利益 / 权益 A right or title, as to present or future possession of an estate, that can be conveyed to another.

3315 Vesting 买主指明要以’共同租

户契约’ 或 ’分权共有’

的形式

来拥有产业

The process by which employees accrue non-forfeitable rights over employer contributions that are made to the employee's qualified retirement plan account.

3316 Vet / Vetting 审阅文件 / 审核 Make a careful and critical examination of (something).

3317 Vicarious liability 雇主为雇员所负担的

法律责任 / 雇主因雇员

的行为

而负上的法律责任

A situation in which one party is held partly responsible for the unlawful actions of a third party.

3318 View 景色 / 风景 an instance of seeing or beholding; visual inspection

3319 View to Offer (VTO) 看后开价

3320 Vinyl tile 胶地板 Tiles that predate 1980 have the potential for containing Asbestos

3321 Void 无效 Declare that (something) is not valid or legally binding

3322 Void alienation 无效转让

3323 Voidable 可使无 Valid until annulled, such as a resolution.

3324 Voluntary bankruptcy 自行申请破产 the filing for bankruptcy by a debtor who believes he/she/it cannot pay bills and has

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more debts than assets

3325 Voluntary disposition 无偿的转让 The exchange, sale, or loss of property

3326 Voluntary lien 或业主允许的合法索

求, 如银行抵押

A claim that one person has over the property of another as security for the payment of a debt

3327 Voluntary surrender of tenancy

自愿放弃租赁

3328 Voluntary Winding up 自行申请清盘 A winding up that is not controlled by a court of law but happens because the owners of the company decide it should happen

W

3329 Wage 薪金 A fixed regular payment, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis, made by an employer to an employee, esp. to a manual or unskilled

3330 Waive / Waiver 放弃 / 免收 To relinquish, abandon or forego a right to enforce or require something.

3331 Walk-in wardrobe 步入式衣柜 A small room used for hanging clothes

3332 Walk-up apartment 无电梯楼房 an apartment in a building without an elevator

3333 Wall finishes 墙壁的手工质地 Divider made of plasterboard or plaster used to partition rooms. A room is created by the walls surrounding it.

3334 Warehouse / warehousing 货仓 The process of assembling a number of similar mortgage loans into one package prior to offering them to investors.

3335 Warrant 法庭发出的令状 A guarantee or promise that a certain fact or state of facts in relation to the subject matter of a transaction is or shall be as it is represented to be.

3336 Warrant to Act 给于律师的授权书

3337 Warranty 维修担保 An affidavit given to stipulate the condition of a property. The person giving the warranty assumes liability if the condition turns out to be untrue.

3338 Warranty by seller 卖方的保证

3339 Warranty insurance 维修保险 Taken out on property to replace or repair it if it malfunctions. It covers parts and/or service. An example is a warranty a homeowner takes out on a stove, refrigerator, or dishwasher. It offers protection as added insurance to the homeowner.

3340 Warranty of habitability 担保屋子可供安全居住 Implied assurance from a landlord to a prospective tenant that an apartment is safe and void of health problems.

3341 Waste 破坏产业导致其价值下 The destruction or material alteration of or

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降 injury to premises by a tenant.

3342 Wasting assets 资产因年久失修而导致

其价值下降

Natural resource, such as oil, coal, and timber, having a limited useful life and subject to depletion. Such assets decrease in worth primarily due to the extraction of the valued commodity held by these assets.

3343 Water closet (WC) 厕所 A room or booth containing a toilet and often a washbowl.

3344 Water heater 热水器 a heater and storage tank to supply heated water

3345 Water main 总水管 / 主水管 Pipes transporting water.

3346 Water pipe 水喉管 A pipe that is a conduit for water

3347 Water proofing 防漏 Putting a waterproofing substance on the exterior cement walls of the structure to prevent water from entering the interior of structure. The cracks in the walls are patched up.

3348 Water supply 水供 a facility that provides a source of water

3349 Watercourse 水道 A brook, stream, or artificially constructed water channel

3350 Waterfront property 滨海弯边的产业 / 靠海

产业

Structure adjacent to a lake or other type of water, which has a higher sale value due to greater demand..

3351 Waterway 水道 A river, canal, or other route for travel by water

3352 Wayleave 穿越他人土地或产业的

权力 / 一种地役权

access to property granted by a landowner for payment, for example to allow a contractor access to a building site

3353 Wear and tear 自然耗损 The depreciation that an asset has due to ordinary usage.

3354 Website 网页 a computer connected to the internet that maintains a series of web pages on the World Wide Web

3355 Wet kitchen 室外厨房 / 湿厨房 where cooking and cleaning actually done

3356 Where (Legal) (法律用语) 凡任何人…

… … / 凡任何行为… … …

In or to what place or position

3357 Whereas (法律用语) 有鉴于 / 考

虑到

n contrast or comparison with the fact that

3358 White goods 家居电器 Large electrical goods used domestically, such as refrigerators and washing machines, typically white in color.

3359 White sites 白色地段 are sites in which a range of uses are allowed. Developers will also have the flexibility to decide on the mix of uses and respective quantum of floor space for each use, as long as the total permissable Gross Floor Area

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(GFA) for the whole development is not exceeded.

3360 Widowed persons 寡妇鳏夫 A woman whose spouse has died and who has not remarried.

3361 Will 遗嘱 A written legal declaration of a person expressing his or her desire as to the disposition of his or her property after death.

3362 Willing buyer 情愿的买主 Describing a person prepared to undertake an action - buying

3363 Willing seller 情愿的卖主 Describing a person prepared to undertake an action - selling

3364 Winding up 清盘 refers to the procedure followed for distributing or liquidating any remaining partnership assets after dissolution

3365 Winding-up order 清盘令 An Order of a Court usually based upon a Creditors Petition for the compulsory winding up or Liquidation of a company or partnership

3366 Window grille 窗花 A grating of metal, wood, or another material used as a screen, divider, barrier, or decorative element, a

3367 Window sill 窗台板 The horizontal member at the base of a window opening

3368 Wiring 电线 / 线路 A system of wires providing electric circuits for a device or building

3369 Withdraw from acting 停止代理

3370 Withhold 预扣 Refuse to give

3371 Withholding grant 预扣组屋津贴

3372 Withholding Tax 预扣外国人在新加坡须

缴的所得税

The amount of an employee's pay withheld by the employer and sent directly to the government as partial payment of income tax

3373 Without interest 不连同利息 Loan without charge

3374 Without prejudice to / Without prejudice

法律用语) 在不损害…

的原则下 / 在不影响…

的 情况下

Without abandonment of a claim, privilege, or right, and without implying an admission of liability.

3375 Witness 见证人 / 证人 One who can give a firsthand account of something seen, heard, or experienced

3376 Wood parquet 柚木地板 a floor covering of pieces of hardwood fitted in a decorative pattern

3377 Wooden skirting 木墙角线 a border, esp of wood or tiles, fixed round the base of an interior wall to protect it from kicks, dirt

3378 Words of severance 分割性词句 Words in a conveyance, deed, or will which indicate the respective proportional shares of interest in an estate.

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3379 Work order 施工通知 / 施工令 Written order from the customer providing specific or blanket authorization to the contractor to proceed with the performance of the contract without further instructions. Work orders differ from job orders in the breadth of the scope

3380 Work passes 工作证件

3381 Work permit 工作准证 a legal document giving information required for employment

3382 Work space 可供作业用途的楼面 An area used or allocated for one's work, as in an office.

3383 Working capital 运作成本 The readily convertible capital required by a business to allow its regular functioning and operations to be free from financial embarrassment.

3384 Writ 法庭的传票 Judicial order requiring the named person or business to act or not act on something

3385 Writ of Seizure and Sale (WSS)

法庭的查封与变卖令 A court order that permits a creditor to instruct a sheriff to seize and sell assets/property of a debtor in order to pay off a debt.

3386 Writ of Execution 法庭的执行判决令 A written order issued to carry out the judgment or decree of a court.

3387 Writ of Possession 恢复土地占有权予业主

的令状

a court order that tells the Sheriff to put you, everything you own, and everyone in your household out of the place where you live.

3388 Writ of Summons (WOS) 法庭发出的传票 a document instituting legal proceedings

3389 Written law 明文法律 laws deriving their force from express legislative enactment

3390 Written notification / notice

书面通知 information, usually in writing in all legal proceedings, of all documents filed, decisions, requests, motions, petitions, and up-coming dates

3391 Written permission 书面通知的施工证 a letter giving permission to do something

3392 Written representation 书面陈述 / 书面声明 A statement of fact made by one party in order to induce another party to enter into a contract.

3393 Written statement 书面陈述 / 书面声明 documentary statement of policy, forming part of a development plan submitted by a local planning authority and requiring formal approval

3394 Written term 合约中的明确条文

3395 Written-down value 一项产业在扣除折旧与

抵押还款后的帐面价值

Reduction of part of the balance of property by charging an expense or loss account

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Y

3396 Year of Assessment (YA) 估价年度 is based on the calendar year commencing 1 January to 31 December

3397 Year of completion 产业落成年份 / 竣工年

份

Year the building/construction is completed

3398 Year’s purchase (YP) 未来年收入折成现时$1

之’现时价值’的别称 /

指产

业未来持续的收入以若

干利率折算成现时$1 (

产业

投资方程式)

a multiplier that converts rental income into a capital sum. In a property context it converts rent into value.

3399 Year-end bonus 年终花红 Payment given to employees at the end of a year in which the employee and/or the company has performed well

3400 Yield 投资房地产所得收入 /

通常以市价的百分比呈现

The interest earned on an investment by an investor or by a bank on the money it has loaned which is also called a return.

Z

3401 Zero-rated supplies (GST) 零巴仙消费税 GST is a broad-based consumption tax levied on the import of goods (collected by Singapore Customs), as well as nearly all supplies of goods and services in Singapore. The only exemptions are for the sales and leases of residential properties and the provision of most financial services. Export of goods and international services are zero-rated

3402 Zone 以指定界线区分的地理

位置, 如分区

The area set off by the proper authorities for a specific use or in an area subject to certain restrictions or restraints.

3403 Zone boundary 分区界线 the divide between areas of differing land use

3404 Zoning 用途分区 The regulation of land by local government under its police powers in controlling things such as height, size and use of buildings and the use of land.

3405 Zoning boundary 用途地带界线 / 用途分

区界线

Divides a locality into districts for differing purposes

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