This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from ... · under the Indian Emigration Act (XXI of 1883, repealed by XVII of 1908); and rules framed thereunder relating to the

This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the NationalBureau of Economic Research

Volume Title: International Migrations, Volume I: Statistics

Volume Author/Editor: Walter F. Willcox

Volume Publisher: NBER

Volume ISBN: 0-87014-013-2

Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/fere29-1

Publication Date: 1929

Chapter Title: Statistics of Migrations, National Tables, British India,British Malaya, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, Dutch East Indies, FrenchIndo-China, Karikal, Philippines, Siam, China, Japan

Chapter Author: Walter F. Willcox

Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c5145

Chapter pages in book: (p. 898 - 939)

900 INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS

BRITISH INDIA

Regular stathtical accounts do not begin before 1842. Moreover,detailed emigration regulations were drawn up in order to protect thoseleaving the country, while the statistical definition of an emigrant variedwith the legislation. (See Introduction page 140.) At the start, tableswere headed "emigrants," later "coolies" (1871), then "indentured emi-grants" (1883). At certain periods, nevertheless, "free" emigrants, notsubject to the existing State regulations, were included in the statisticalstatements.

The figures are furnished by the Protectors of Emigrants who re-ceived them from the several Governments and Administrations.

Tables I and IV (years 1842-1870) have been compiled by totallingseparately the figures in the original source' for "men, women and chil-dren emigrating in each year from each of the three British ports, andcollectively from the French ports, to each British and foreign colonyto which emigration has been, at any time during that period, lawful".The figures for Calcutta cover a fiscal, and those for Bombay and Madrasa calendar year.2

Between 1856 and 1924 the Statistical Abstract for British India pub-lished figures for emigration at the ports of embarkation. For the yearscovered equally by both sources, Geoghegan's figures are generally higherthan those of the Statistical Abstract. Sometimes the discrepancy istrivial, but at other times the two sources differ by thousands.

It is just possible that the local authorities placed atdisposal fuller details than those utilised by the Statistical Abstract. Buthe expresses doubts regarding the completeness and the homogeneity ofhis data. Thus he excluded the figures relating to emigration fromPondicherry to French Guiana for the period 1856, 1860 and 1861, be-cause he believed that if British citizens participated in this emigration,they did so These figures have been inserted in the totalcolumn of Table I.

The data published in the Statistical Abstract subsequent to 1873relate expressly to "Coolie Emigrants". From 1878-79 onwards weregard the figures in the Statistics of British India as the most reliableones; but it should be remarked that, with a few exceptions during theearlier years, the figures of the Statistical Abstract agree with them.

Concerning the persons included in the statistical statements downto 1922-23, the Statistics of British India offers the following information:"The figures in these tables relate to indentured emigration carried onunder the Indian Emigration Act (XXI of 1883, repealed by XVII of1908); and rules framed thereunder relating to the emigration of nativesof India. But certain persons who proceed to the colonies or other

'Geoghegan, Note on Emigration from India, Calcutta, 1873.2Geoghegan states that he "has not thought it worth while to ask the Protector at

Calcutta to undertake a readjustment of his figures according to the calendar year."(P. 69.)

tGeoghegan, ibid., p. 83.

BRITISH INDIA 901

foreign countries without coming under the operation of the EmigrationAct, as for instance, in the capacity of shop assistants or personal domes-tic servants, are included in the statistics. The figures take no accountof the numbers who leave India as passengers under the Native Passen-ger Ships Act, or of persons who leave India on pilgrimage to theholy places in Arabia under the Pilgrim Ships Act (of whom small butuncertain numbers settle out of India)."

From 1923, under the Indian Emigration Act, 1922, the statisticsrefer to the emigration of "skilled and unskilled workers and their de-pendents going to the colonies and various other countries". The Emi-gration Act (No. VII of 1922) and regulations published under it cameinto force on March 5, 1923, and, in consequence, emigration to BritishMalaya and Ceylon, which until then had been unrestricted, was con-trolled. Emigration to the other colonies (Natal, Fiji, British Guiana,Trinidad, Jamaica, Mauritius) was suspended in 1917. This prohibitionis still in force, except for Mauritius, emigration to which was again per-mitted for one year commencing May 31, 1923, under Notifications Nos.282 Emi., dated March 22, 1923, and 487 Overseas, dated May19, 1923,issued by the Government of India. The number to be recruited withinthe period was limited to 1,500 adult male laborers and dependents.

In regard to returning emigrants, totals are available from 1878-79onwards, but these contain only particulars about sex. After 1923 it ispossible to distinguish the country of last permanent residence and, ac-cordingly, the intercontinental and continental return migrations of un-skilled and skilled workers.

Statistics about the number of migrants from British India to SouthAfrica (1879-1912), Mauritius (1834-1910), Canada (1904-15 and 1920-24),United States (1820-1924), Australia (1902-24)and New Zealand (1915-24)will be found in the national tables for those countries.. Statistics aboutthe number of migrants returning to British India from Mauritius(1834-1920) and the United States (1908-24) will be found in the na-tional tables for those countries.

1&atisties of British India for 1911-13 and preceding years, Part V. Calcutta, 1913,p. 217. The same description is repeated in Statistics for the year 1922, Vol. IV,while the following definition is added to the above text under ActIXVIIJof theyear 1908: " nor of persons who go out of, or come out to India by ships asordinary passengers every year." Statistics of British India, 1922. v. IV, p. xiv (Cal-cutta, 1922).

A


Year

TABLE I.—DISTRrnUT1ON OF CITIZEN EMIGRANTS TO EXTRA-ASIATIC COUNTRIES, BYSEX AND AGE, 1842-70.

Total Men Women

18421843184418451846184718481849185018511852185318541855

45939,7558,242

12,51116,73510,7199,6717,6709,800

14,26622,67419,78119,32716,629

40733,978

6,5309,345

11,8108,4917,6106,1627,521

10,91716,89915,04614,13710,954

Chil-dren

31,397

6471,3781,962

965823573998

1,3702,4631,9112,3302,370

494,3801,0651,7882,9631,3131,236

9331,2811,9793,3122,8242,8603,305

Year

185618571858185918601861186218631864186518661861186818691870

Total

13,08020,80545,83843,05724,06232,02614,76611,73122,08427,58921,347

7,61413,37915,82712,433

Men Women

9,614 3,38211,68227,99226,949

5,30510,5699,377

14,226 6,18322,46910,415

6,0822,807

7,795 2,37414,999 4,69217,519 5,72913,066 5,3145,182 1,8048,2099,093

3,3584,212

8,082 3,051

Chil-dren

2,0843,8187,2776,7313,6533,4751,5441,5622,3934,3412,967

6281,8122,3221,300

$

TABLE II.—DJsmIBunoN OF CITIZEN EMIGRANTS TO EXTRA-ASIATIC couwntm3s, aYSEX, 1870-1923.

Year Total Males Females Year Total Males Females

1870—71

1871-721872—731873—741874—751875-76

1876—771877—781878—791879—801880—81

12,428

11,03420,03729,24325,32511,489

.

10,56024,71022,092'17,426'16,794'

....

....

....

. . . .

.. .

....

....

. .. .

13,18110,90410,873

... .

....

....

...

. .. .

....

....

. .. .

5,8024,5304,278

1897—981898—991899—19001900—01

1901—021902—031903—041904—051905—06

1906—071907—OS

13,48519,61320,43826,508

22,49815,41313,66315,93921,125

21,00313,117

10,12216,50217,21020,491

15,45710,8959,524

11,08714,741

14,84710,499

3,3633,1113,2286,017

7,0414,5184,1414,8526,384

6,1564,618

1881—821882—831883—84

11,509113,504'17,9361

7,2968,628

11,269

3,0753,5284,536

1908—091909—101910—il

11,84411,64415,439

8,3968,218

10,813

3,4483,4264,626

1884—851885—86

1886—871887—881888—891889—901890—91

7,9791

7,978'6,559

10,75616,95420,085

13,6674,823

4,9634,5377,400

11,68513,741

5,5212,097

1,9822,0223,3565,2696,344

1911—121912—131913—141914—151915—16

1916—171917_182

14,19212,6587,7333,2857,630

7,6821,028

10,1139,0635,6002,4755,504

6,0801,028

4,0793,5952,133

8102,126

1,602.

• 1918—19 381 381 ....1891—92 16,597 11,084 5,513 1919—20 221 221 ..1892—931893—941894—95

12,31813,73518,428

8,3149,475

12,627

4,0044,2605,801

1920—21

1921—22

1,184

1,047

1,184

1,047

....

.....1895—96

1896—97

13,022

15,572

9,218

11,433

3,084

4,139

2041,227

204906

.

321

For reference notes see page 907.

BRiTISH INDIA 903

TABLE IIL—DIsTrnrnJTroN OF CITIZEN EMIGRANTS, BY SEX AND AGE, 1923 AND 1924.

Up to 15 15 to 55 years 55 years andYea" Total Males Females years over

Males Females MalesFemale:

Males

1923 81,502 55,361 26,141 22,201 58,879 422C , r

1924 149,140 93,509 55,631 25,420 24,229 67,570 30,947 519 385

TA

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16,7

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4,90

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2,39

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5,93

32,372

1,23

61,

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Z18

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5,78

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1849

7,67

07,

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1850

9.80

09,

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....

....

....

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5114

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11,2

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1,09

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18,5

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1,72

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1853

19,7

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2,65

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--

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5419

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16,7

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294

..

..

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1855

16,6

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623

--

1856

15,0

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....

2,87

91,

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..52

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418

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17,1

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1,85

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..

..

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218

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38,7

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3,61

9...

....

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31859

43,057

33,927

....

4,93

92,526

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-.

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21860

24,062

11.603

1,226

5,229

2,710

•.

1,70

91,224

361

018

6132.026

14,182

368

5,386

2,030

5,333

2,161

533

2,033

1862

14,766

8,322

....

3.32

61,389

864

544

....

321

1863

11,731

5,548

1,021

2,643

1,433

1,086

1864

22.084

10,607

1,979

3,139

1,450

3,731

....

1,17

8.

..

H18

6527,589

19,493

1,320

2,842

1,498

1,121

..-.

807

508

1866

21,347

3,549

534

4,509

2,993

1,791

1.705

5,776

490

C18

677,614

313

....

3,00

11,840

..

..S

...2,

460

.

1868

13,379

1,595

....

4,94

42.

248

....

1,42

62,817

349

1869

15,827

2,787

.. -

.6,

685

2,935

1,079

924

1,417

..

.02

1870

12,433

3,273

...

3,19

92,087

....

1,38

21,886

606

1871—72

11,034

4,321

...

2,12

5....

....

...,,,

.1,

689

2,899

1872

—73

20,037

6,816

...

6,08

7..

--

410

...

•...

1,31

25,412

H29,243

7,725

....

8,49

7....

3,52

3783

....

4,54

063,

944

1874—75

25,325

6,200

6,025

3,942

....

1,21

3,•,•

3,20

564,140

1875—76

11,489

1,033

393

3,849

....

.. .-

1,04

7...

2,74

762,420

H18

16—

7710,560

1,027

761

3,992

...

1,17

71,163

839

1,601

1877—18

24,710

3,836

3,510

8.288

324

1,072

...

3.593

4,087

C)

Fiji

Mombasa

1878

—79

22,092

3,647

4,452

6,520

2,632

709

498

165

3,248

..

.22

1

1819—80

17,426

2,137

743

4,496

3,161

320

....

756

5.534

..

279

1880—81

16,794

581

2,373

4,416

3,342

965

....

513

4,283

321

1881—82

11,509

....

2,22

93,168

2,591

496

•••,

•...

3,02

51882—83

13,504

1,574

1,647

2,984

1,963

431

922

398

3,565

1883

—84

17,936

4,307

2,775

2,731

2,661

1,480

1,514

.,.

2,46

81884—83

22.384

4.109

3,548

6,304

2,191

,1,

679

2,316

601

495

__________

1,14

1

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1886

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7,97

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318

87—

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110

897

2,77

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1888

—89

10,7

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1,09

267

559

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89—

9016

,594

4,54

44,

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3,42

62,

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1,30

058

380

1890

—91

20,0

853,

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4,33

05,

218

3,43

51,

249

1,17

11,

087

556

1891

—92

16,5

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93,

349

5,23

13,

285

698

1,98

51,

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1892

—93

12,3

18.

..

.3,

119

4,72

32,

620

1,07

57.

781

..

..

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1893

—94

13,7

3548

52,

612

5,88

31,

926

1,10

41,

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486

.15

118

94—

9518

,428

1,02

93.

592

3,20

03,

185

1,27

91,

432

711

1895

—96

13,0

221,

746

3,33

71,

908

2,17

71,

696

565

470

1,12

318

96—

9715

,572

802

4,03

82,

417

3,04

350

01,

953

....

2,81

918

97—

9813

,485

426

6,03

61,

194

1,85

161

856

7..

.2,

793

1898

—99

19,6

13...

.4,

958

2,38

01,

268

616

....

623

9,47

928

918

99—

1900

20,4

38...

.1,

590

4,95

91,

798

...1,

490

670

9,93

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26,5

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6,31

23,

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2,45

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,498

4,25

17,

763

4,27

62,

542

1,34

32,

319

....

4....

I—I

1902

—03

15,4

132,

571

6,14

01,

968

2,34

165

784

066

317

360

0219

03—

0413

,665

510

4,60

12,

937

2,44

9...

.2,

988

....

2515

519

04—

0515

,939

2,06

79,

456

1,34

81,

844

249

836

....

9742

1905

—06

21,1

2572

08,

108

2,73

73,

164

175

4,06

61,

647

448

6019

06—

0721

,003

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10,0

492,

337

2,15

41,

270

3,26

1...

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192

1907

—08

15,1

1758

76,

664

1,83

01,

868

1,91

81,

137

606

383

124

1908

—09

11,8

44..

-.1,

722

1,79

72,

447

2,43

52,

908

416

8039

1909

—10

11,6

44...

.2,

935

.2,

515

2,48

047

81,

947

1,11

753

119

1910

—li

15,4

3953

36,

257

2,17

33,

259

....

1,89

881

612

737

619

11—

1214

,192

3,4018

1,754

3,131

448

4,204

409

....

384

461

1912

—13

12,6

58...

.2,

201

2,38

076

84,

958

1,57

8...

.45

5318

1913

—14

7,73

3.

..

1,34

01,140

1,773

2,491

294

....

505

190

1914

—15

3,28

5..

..80

642

374

872

1...

...

..26

8319

1915—16

7,63

0.

..

2,24

81,

905

....

2,50

9.

..

...

..18

778

1

1916

—17

7,68

283

01,

330

304

1,75

661

523

42,

613

1917

—18

1,02

8..

..

.. ..

.. .

.. .

...

..

.23

978

919

18-1

938

1..

..

....

...

.....

..

...

352

29

1919—20

221

--

..

..

...

..

-.

..

..

.20

120

1920

—21

1,184

..

..

.. ..

....

..

..

..

.18

41,000

1921—22

1,047

..

....

....

66981

1922—23

204

..

..

..

..

..

....

.20

41923—24

1,227

1,080

....

.. ..

. -. .

147

1924

-25

494

317

..

.....

..

..

-17

7

For

refe

renc

e no

tes

see

page

907

.0


TABLE V.—DISTRIBUTION OF' CITIZEN EMIGRANTS, BY COtTNTRY OF ruiunE RESIDENCE,DISTINGUISHING ALSO SKILLED AND UNSKILLED, 1923 .&ND 1924.

Country of future residence 1923 1924

Total 81,502 149,140Skilled 166 198Unskilled 81,336 148,942

ISkilled 29 18Mauritius.. ljJnskilled 875 504

Continental Africa .SkilledCeylon .Unskilled.. . . 49,157 100,250

Straits Settlements and Malaya Unskilled.... . 31,304 48,188Persia Skilled 79

Siam Skilled 15

TABLE VI.---IDISTrnBUTI0N OF CITIZEN TMMIGRANTS, BY SEX, 1878-79—1921-22.

Year

1878—791879—80

Total

5,586'7,185'

Males

4,0714,989

Females

1,2461,817

Year Total Males Females

1900—011901—021902—03

7,00610,62312,757

6,0089,242

10,839

9981,3811,918

1880—811881—82

7,061'5,193'

4,7633,516

1,8971,356

1903—041904—05

11,6736,341

9,8034,394

1,8701,947

1882—831883—841884—85

5,760'4,748'6,647'

3,8503,2454,397

1,5761,3761,924

1905—061906—071907—08

6,9458,1976,774

4,8145,6534,713

2,1312,5442,061

1885—861886—871887—881888—891889—90

10,198'2,819'9,665'5,242'8,751'

6,5775,6106,3233,1925,689

2,9872,5412,7721,4842,851

1908—091909—10

1910—111911—121912—13

7,9186,909

5,7886,2994,641

5,4955,083.

.

4,0934,6353,356

2,4231,826

1,6951,6641,285

1890—911891—921892—931893—941894—95

6,7176,4515,9665,8445,872

.

4,5474,5034,0624,0443,949

2,1701,9481,9041,8001,923

1913—141914—15

1915—161916—171917—18

5,2846,289

6,0477,8563,535

3,7654,602

4,1245,5062,651

1,5191,687

1,9232,350

8841895—961896—97

6,1714,794

4,1103,291

2,0611,503

1918—191919—20

1,7413,783

1,2952,616

4461,167

1897—981898—991899—1900

4,2135,6899,484'

3,0934,4337,808

1,1201,2561,428

1920—211921—22

4

11,5759,081

*5

S

5


BRITISH INDIA 907

TABLE V]1—DISTRIBUTION OF CITIZEN IMMIGRANTS, BY COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDEThTCE,1923-24.

Country of last residence

NatalBritish GuianaJamaicaSurinamTrinidadFijiCeylonMalayaUnknown

1923 1924

2,479220681....

1,0652,956....418

98

1,347392447

38957....370565

83

Total 7,917 4,399

SOURCES

Statistical Abstract for British India for 1867-68 to 1884-85, Calcutta 1926, and1914 /15-1924/25 in Accounts and Papers.

Tables II and IV (years 1870-71 to 1877-78 and 1920-21 to 1924-25); TableVI (years 1920121-1921122).

Staft' sties of British India for 1906-07 and preceding years. Part IX. Miscellaneous.Calcutta, 1908. For 1911-12 and preceding years. Part V (Area, Population and PublicHealth). Calcutta, 1913. Volume IV (Administration, Judicial and Local Sell-Govern-ment). Calcutta, 1922.

Tables II, IV and VI (years 1878/79-1919/20).Geoghegan. J., (Under-Secretary of the Government of India), Department of

Agriculture, Revenue and Commerce. Note on Emigration from India. Calcutta,1873, pp. 77-84.

Tables I and IV (years 1842-70).Government of Madras. Law (General) Department G. 0. No. 1890, June 25,

i924, and G. 0. No. 1578, May 12, 1925, Emigration and Immigration Report, 1923 and1924.

Tables III, V, VII (years 1923 and 1924).Report on the Working of the Indian Emigration Act, VII of 1922 and the Rules

issued thereunder in the Province of Bengal for the Years 1923 and 1924. Calcutta, 1924and 1925.

Tables Ill, V, VII (years 1923 and 1924).Consolidated Annual Report on the Working of the Indian Emigration Act for the

Years ending December 31, 1923 and December 31, 1925. Bombay, 1925 and Calcutta,1925.

Tables III, V, VII (years 1923 and 1924).

NOTES'Including children, the sex of whom is not distinguished in the local statements.2Under the Defence of India (Consolidation) Rules, 1915, in effect from March 12, 1917, emigration

was temporarily stopped except in the case of persons permitted to depart by general or special license.'Classification by sex of emigrants from Madras ports not known.'St. Vincent. St. Lucia, Grenada, St. Kitts.

ñgures do not total correctly.'Including 1,777, 751 and 427 emigrated in 1873-74, 1874-75 and 1875-76 respectively to French Guiana.7Emigration to Mauritius was prohibited from 1912 to 1922 included.'Represents figures for three months. April, May and June 1911 only, emigration to Natal having

been prohibited from July 1, 1911.'According to the headings of the tables in the source whence we quote these figures, they refer to the

fiscal years 1922-23 and 1923-24. The Reports as a whole relate to the years ending December 31. 192$and 1924.


BRITISH MALAYA

1. Portions of the Malay Sfates had separate migration statisticsfor 1900 (Selangor and Perak) and for 1891-1900 (Negri Sembilan).Chinese and other immigrants were classified by sex.

2. The Labour Department of the Federated Malay States pub-lishes statistics relating to Indian emigrants arriving in the StraitsSettlements and itt the Federated and non-Federated Malay States.

Immigrants are Indians who have arrived from Southern India atPenang (Straits Settlements), the port of disembarkation for Perak andthe first port of call for immigrants to the Federated Malay States. Theywere of two classes: (a) assisted immigrants (free laborers imported atthe expense of the Immigration Fund for work on estates, in mines andelsewhere), and (b) other immigrants (traders, laborers and others whopaid their passage). Assisted immigrants are sub-divided into twoclasses: (a) independent laborers and (b) laborers recruited by kan-ganies or agents.

The destination of assisted immigrants is given but no definite in-formation is available about the destination of "other immigrants". It isestimated that perhaps one-third of such immigrants proceeded to theFederated Malay States.

Ml immigrants for the States of Perak, Kedah and Perlis and theSettlement of Penang landed at Penang; those for the States of Selangor,Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Johore, Kelantan, and the Settlement of Ma-lacea landed at Port Swettenham. A considerable proportion of thearriving immigrants had previously lived in the country.

For the years 1923 and 1924 the three groups of arriving immigrantsare divided by sex (table V).

3. Emigration statistics concern Indians who leave Penang forSouthern India after having worked in the Straits Settlements, theFederated Malay States, or the non-Federated Malay States.

ERITISII MALAYA

FEDERATED MALAY STATES

a. Negri Sembilan

909

TABLE I.—DIsTrnnu'rioN OF IMMIGRANTS AND EMIGRANTS, BY NATIONALITY, 1900.

Total

Immigrants

Chinese Others

Emigrants

15,700 6,1029,598

Total Chinese Others

8,276 5,442 2,834

b. Perak

TABLE IL—DisTRIBuTIoN OF IMMIGRANTS AND1900.

EMIGRANTS, BY NATIONALITY AND SEX,

ChineseOthers

Total

Emigrants

Males

36,83916,63053,469

c. Splangor

TABLE 111.—DISTRIBUTION OF CHINESE Dfl4IORANTS1891-1900.

AND EMIGRANTS,.

BY SEX,

Year

18911892

189318941189518961897189818991900

Chinese...

OthersTotal....

Immigrants

Males

20,01138,42845,94243,09446,12838,10024,98426,32134,853

.46,300

26,935

73,235

Females

1,6122,152

3,1692,503

3,2783,7832,7993,237

3,563

4,3345,5849,918

Males

14,55017,01523,33524,16330,36729,93829,01623,85423,524

29,85919,92049,779


Immigrants

MalesTotal

68,672 —26,05695,728

Females Total

61,87620,98682,862

6,7965,070

11,866

Females

42,31020,59462,904

5,4713,9649,435

Total

Emigrants

Total

21,62340,58049,11145,59749,40641,88327,78329,55838,416

Females

15,75218,50925,34926,20633,24933,17432,22426,726226,613

50,634

32,51983,153

1,202

1,494

2,0142,0432,8823,2163,2082,8743,089

33,60824,28457,892

3,7494,3648,113

TA

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BRITISH MALAYA 911

TABLE V.—ARRJVALS AT PENANG OF INDIANS FROM MADRAS AND NEGAPATAM, BY SEXAND AGE, 1923-24.

Adults MinorsDescription Year Total

Males Females Males 'Females

Independent laborers 1923 7,462 5,522 1,246 397 2971924 9,641 7,002 1,632 553 454

Laborers recruited by kan- 1923 22,772 15,444 4,656 1,423ganis 1924 33,506 20,942 7,533 2,726 2,305

Other immigrants, i. e., or- 1923 19,268 15,952 1,741 1,575dfnary passengers .. 1924 18,905 15,613 1,655 504

Total 1923 49,502 36,918 7,643 4,9411924 62,052 43,557 10,820 4,412 3,263

TABLE VI.—DEPARTURES FROM PENANG FOR SOUTHERN INDIA, BY AGE, 1923-24.

Year TotalAge

Minors Adults

19231924

42,17837,326

2,5332,370

40,24534,956

SOURCES

Statistical Tables relating to the Colonial and other Possessions of the United Kingdom.London, Parts XXII, XXIV and XXV.

Tables I, II and III.

Federated Malay States. Report on the Working of the Labor Department for theYear 1923 and for the Year 1924. Kuala Lumpur, 1925.

Tables IV, V, VI (years 1923 and 1924).

NOTES

timmigration from all ports of the southeast of China was prohibited from June 18, 1894 to Sep.tember 21. 1894. on account oI an outbreak of bubonic. plague.

2The sum of the distribution by sex does not correspond exactly with the total.3lndependent laborers and laborers recruited by kanganis.


STRAITS SETTLEMENTS

1. The first table records the arrival and departure of Indian andChinese passengers from 1900 to 1924 and of East Indian indenturedlaborers shown separately from 1900 to 1910. After 1910 their emi-gration was suspended.

2. Since 1920, the Controller of Labour of the Straits Settlementsand the Federated Malay States has prepared the statistics of Indianimmigrants and emigrants. Their destination is given as the StraitsSettlements, the Federated Malay States, or the non-Federated MalayStates.

The annual report of the Labour Department of the FederatedMalay States (Kuala Lumpur) is published both under the title of theFederated Malay States and that of the Straits Settlements. The tabledealing with the statistics of the Straits Settlements has been placed inthis volume under Malay States as table IV.

3. Chinese immigrate through the three ports of Singapore, Penangand Malacca. Immigrants whose passage was unpaid at the time of theirdeparture (styled "unpaid" or "credit ticket" passengers) are distin-guished from 1877 onward from other, or free, immigrants. The figuresgiven in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago (1854) for the totalannual immigration of Chinese, free and indebted, increased from 5,063during 184041 to 11,484 during 1852-3.

In 1877, 16,688 Chinese immigrants were examined in the StraitsSettlements. Of the 9,776 immigrants landed in Singapore in that year,2,653 were "unpaid" or "credit ticket" passengers. This ratio of "un-paid" to free immigrants may perhaps be taken for the total immigrationinto the Straits Settlements in 1877. Of the earlier years there is nosufficient record.'

The figures for Singapore and Penang begin with 1881 (table II)and those for Malacca with 1891 (table III).

The unpaid passengers sometimes occasioned considerable em-barrassment, as not infrequently they were detained on the boats untilthey had found a purchaser, and the master of the vessel had received thepassage money. These passengers also sign labor contracts before theirdeparture.'

'Crawford, Campbell, Chinese Coolie Emigration, London, 1923, p. 8'Ta (Then, bc. cit., p. 86.

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 913

TABLE 1.—IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF ALIENS, 1900-24.

Immigrants. Emigrants Immigrants. Emigraiits

Year East In- Chinese coolies Year Chinese md

dentured Indians Penang dentured Indians

1900 7,615 297,423 11,251 1913 426,381' 70,0901901 2,785 254,919 16,204 1914 237,0101 63,0731902 2,430 266,706 18,183 1915 197,629' 50,3201903 512 284,079 17,832 1916 331,196' 54,4791904 2,721 280,657 19,550 1917 284,123' 57,5831905 4,823 262,356 19,750 1918 140,843' 52,1321906 3,674 278,861 21,879 1919 46,7671907 5,499 357,298 30,500 1920 221,297' 55,4811908 5,456 255,573 30,920 1921 236,716' 61,3511909 4,119 245,018 31,394 1922 191,5601 45,7331910 2,523 360,243 39,080 1923 208,65121911 .... 460,374 48,103 1924 125,07561912 .. 436,264 63,885

TABLE 11.—CHINESR IMMIGRANTS AND EI.IIGRANTS TO AND FROM SINGAPORE AND PENANG, 18814915.

SINGAPORE

Immigrants Immigrants LaborYear -___________________

_________ ____________________—

. contractsPassage Emigrants Passage Emigrants

Total unpaid Females Tota' unpaid Females

1881 - 47,747 * 2,053 * 42,056 17,000 1,068 — * 32,4731882 55,887 11,404 1,534 * 45,122 17,011 1,115 * 33,6011883 61,206 10,249 1,701 * 47,930 16,197 2,272 * 31,6631884 68.517 9690 2,089 * 38,231 15.181 1,431 * 29.0881885 69,314 9,357 2,014 * 42,142 17,034 1,354 * 32,1801886 87,331 15,733 2,345 * 57,186 23,459 1,733 * 45.7171887 101,094 19,496 3,037 * 65,348 22,904 2,784 * 51.8591888 103,541 18.421 3,164 60,759 62,812 1(i,186 2,176 11,818 44,4511889 102,429 11,962 3,837 * 44,441 9,251 1,980 * 32,6661890 96,230 8,152 3,820 31,706 36,044 6,813 1,726 5,921 26,2041891 93,843 6,229 4,710 32.245 49,066 8,416 2,416 383 17,5381892 93,339 9,118 4,804 * 45,227 6,281 2,529 * *1893 144,558 18,973 6,387 * 68,251 9,967 3,868 '1 38,3261894 106,612 8,983 5.007 31,083 46,230 6,083 2,425 371 22,3021895 150,157 14,518 6,997 * 60,559 8,731 3,653 * *1896 142,358 15,089 6,451 * 57,055 9,531 3,216 * 29,8251897 90,828 8,859 5,427 24,150 41,124 4,916 3,224 2,333 17,2681898 106,983 10,978 6,192 26,575 44,811 5,004 3,301 1,890 20,4591899 117,794 14,198 5,514 31,903 51,299 4,371 2,594 2,764 22,2331900 159,571 18,056 8,482 41.376 72,821 7,239 3,847 4,026 27,0331901 157,657 15.012 11,822 39,512 66,411 3,395 4,128 4,594 22,4081902 ,,.. .... .... .... ....1903 172,770 13,870 14,539 47,551 75,401 4,582 5,346 4,450 18,7681904 163,079 16,930 10,16.3 41,717 39,215 357 4,156 1,260 17,04519115 136,001 12,144 13,714 37,130 3S,645 1,942 4,833 1,475 14,8641906 * * * * * * * * 18,6751901 179,756 20,206 13,785 47,580 44,495 2,079 5,682 1,809 24,0891908 121,639 12,416 11,147 31,813 29,387 812 4,295 2,296 13,6041909 120,954 12,875 9,602 30,798 27,529 233 3,901 3,540 13,3791910 173,423 22,990 14,121 42,898 37,955 140 5,333 867 23,9351911 215,036 23,522 19,754 54,818 49,875 400 7,302 4,516 24,3451912 203,124 13,394 21,779 48,520 44,284 103 6,384 4,236 13,6001913 240,979 14,198 28,547 41,018 31,161 17 5,611 3,862 14,1981914 124,032 2,648 13,096 13,118 41,988 * 2,714 3,345 2,6481915 80,352 * 10,632 15,382 26,698 4,123 1,743 *

Total 4,088,141 419,670 278,266 781,6526 1,573,799 247,635 112,520 67,499 776,444Aver-

age.. 123,883 13,538 8,432 37,221 47,691 7,988 3,409 3,214 25,047



TABLE STATISTICS. CRINESE IMMIGRANTS TO MALACCA,1891-1912.

Statistical Ab.stract for the several British Overseas Domirtions and Protectorates.London, 1914 and 1924.

Table I (years 1900-21).

Annual Report of the Labor Department of the Straits Settlements, 1923, p. 13.

Table I (year 1922).

Colonial Reports (Annual). No. 1264. Straits Settlements, Report for 1924.London, 1925, p. 43.

Table I (years 1923 and 1924)

Information supplied by the British Government (Ministry of Labor).

Table IV (year 1923).

Annual Departmental Reports of Straits Settlements. Quoted in "Chinese Migrationswith Special Reference to Labor Conditions", by Ta Chen. B'ulletin of the UnitedBureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1923, pp. 84-85.

Tables 11-Ill.

NOTES

'Except Malacca, for which no returns are available.249,502 from Southern India, 159,149 from China.

to China, 42,778 to Southern India.462,052 from Southern India, 181,430 from China.237.326 to Southern India. 87,749 to China.

yearly figures total 771,652.

Immigrants to Malacca

Total UnpaidYear

passengers

ImmigrantsYear

18911892189318941895189618971898189919001901

to Malacca

Total Unpaidpassengers

1,355882908

1,1122,0601,325

328625

1,323537

491311194

-V4,8922680233608

1,288494347

19021903190419051906190719081909191019111912

271357187

46713496

790427103

271357187

46713496

790427103

SOURCES

CEYLON 915

TABLE I.—IMMIGRATION FROM AND EMIGRATION TO INDIA1, 1878-1900.

Year Immigrants

207,994120,60387,76363,44677,302

160,08088,94555,72486,40179,845

118,61397,536

117,475

1900190119021903190419051906190719081909191019111912

Emigrants

112,936118,34363,91747,71556,24663,51359,65963,67178,74061,28764,66058,91677,840

Year

191319141915191619111918191919201921192219231924

Immigrants

120,35478,66294,828

115,71347,29643,184

112,39145,912822,365677,63 6689,8596

153,9896

Emigrants

90,37449,03138,29847,58832,11923,16134,268

For iderence notes see page 916.

Immi-grants Year Immi-

grants Year Emigrants Year

187818791880

18811882188318841885

1886188718881889

Emigrants

105,86282,66943,343

54,20451,64039,05545,96246,665

39,90772,66081,71064,459

1890

18911892189318941895

18961891189818991900

52,769

76,728113,379100,15294,48972,556

72,26784,83080,23857,73686,055

187818791880

18811882188318841885

1886188718881889

91,74481,09373,533

61,41358,35651,20550,12848,525

45,25055,12155,38052,016

1890

18911892189318941893

18961897189818991900

46,085

39,13820,34422,66317,43 9215,8022

15,434214,123216,3472

884252,607

TABLE 11.—IMMIGRATION FROM AND EMIGRATION TO INDIA,

1911191219131914191319161917

Immigrants Emigrants Year Immigrants Emigrants

137,115188,273188,428174,032176,237200,146105,916

106,123137,275148,978160,161160,028172,702130,117

1918191919201921192219231924

103,928191,128136,699106,598174,569

116,227 -

147,465146,247127,107145,737

156,523

TABLE III.—IMMIGBATION FROM AND EMIGRATION TO INDIA (INDIa COOLIES ONLY),1900-24.


SOURCES

Statistical Tables relating to the Colonial and other Possessions of the United Kingdom,London. Parts XVII to XXV.

Table 1 (years 1878-1900).

Statistical Abstract for the several British Overseas Dorninions and Protectorates.Statistical Department, Board of Trade, London, 1914, 1922, 1924.

Tables II (years 1911-21); [II (years 1900-19).

Ceylon Administration Reports for 1924. Immigration and Quarantine. Galle, 1925

Table III (year 1920).

Information supplied by the Ceylon Government: Ceylon Administration Reportsfor 1924. "Indian Immigrant Labor", p. 1519.

Table III (years 1921-24).

Information supplied by the British Government (Foreign Office).

Table II (year 1922).

Information supplied by the British Government (Ministry of Labor).

Table II (years 1923-24).

(Emigration figures for 1924 taken from the Ceylon Blue-Book for 1925.)

NOTES

lit is not certain whether coolies are included or not. The figures given in table III for 1900 concerningcoolics are higher than the figures indicated in table I. The British Government (Ministry of Labor) ina communication dated July 26, 1926, gives the following explanation:

"The migration statistics for 1900 published in the Statistical Tables relating to the Colonies andProtectorates were extracted from the Ceylon Blue-Book. The figures supplied by the Ceylon authoritiesfor use in the Statistical Abstract for the Dominions and Protectorates for the year 1906 contained a revisionof the 1900 and also of the 1905 figures. These revised figures were accepted and were published in placeof the original Blue-Book figures ".

The difference in the description of migrants in the two publications does not seem to account for therevision, as in subsequent years.

2Exelusive of the emigration from the Province of Sabaragamuwa, the particulars of which are notknown.

5The figures 1911-21 reDresent the total number of immigrants and emigrants from and to India.(Statistical Abstract, 1907-21. London, 1924, p. 10, note e.) The same note refers to the figures for 1922,which were communicated by the Foreign Office.

The emigration figures from the Ceylon Blue-Book for 1925 and communicated by the Ministry ofLabor (Emigration from Ceylon, 1920-24) correspond in 1920-22 with the figures indicating emigration toIndia, but the figure for 1923 agrees with the total emigration (147,860) of which about one-eighth onlywas emigration to India (see note 5). It is impossible to tell whether the other figures also include a certainnumber of immigrants and emigrants from and to other countries than India.

4The total number of arrivals in 1923 was 190,512, of which number 169.607 were from India. Thenumber of Europeans was 5,665.

5Total departures in 1923 numbered 147,860, of whom 130,406 were bound for India. There were 3,501departures of Europeans during the year.

Estate Laborers.

DUTCH EAST INDIES

DUTCH EAST INDIES

917

rrable I appears to refer to immigrants proper, including citizensand aliens of all nationalities and races.

Table II records the number of landing permits issued.In conformity with the Royal Decree of October 15, 1915, the fol-

lowin.g classes of persons arriving from a country other than the DutchIndies are required to have a written permit to land: (a) Dutch citizensnot born of parents settled in the Dutch Indies nor themselves domiciledin the Dutch Indies, (b) aliens not domiciled in the Dutch Indies.

These landing permits are obtainable on board upon payment of 100gulden, the amount being returned if the person leaves within a periodspecified by the Governor-General.

The permits are valid for two years and may be extended twice fora maximum period of one year.

Table III relates to the migrations of native coolies.

TABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRANTS, BY NATIONALITY, 1923.

Nethe:rlandersOther Europeans, Americans,JapaneseChineseArabsOther oriental aliens

Total

Africans and Australians2,268

906668

21,169675

2,224

27,910

TABLE 11.—NUMBER OF PERMITS FOR ADMITTANCE, 19 2

Year Other alienAsiaticsTotal Europeans Chinese Arab

1913 —191919201921192219231924

30,50435,18042,04663,01148,86741,61737,812

3,3506,6389,2297,4274,6214,1404,374

25,16325,27928,65349,84439,62334,01530,232

422378719839969702494

1,5692,8833,4454,9033,6542,7602,712



TABLE 111.—EMIGRATIoN AND IMMIGRATION OF COOLIES, BY COUNTRY OF FUTURE OIlLAST RESIDENCE, 1923-24.

Country of future or last residenceEmigrants Immigrants

1923 1924 1923 1924

New CaledoniaBritish North BorneoSarawakFederated Malay States and Straits Settle-

mentsCoehin-ChinaDutch Guiana

Total

....353....145....633

65092

299

156....

1,089

133224'

81

1927

198

609

29879'....30'14

...4211,131 2,286

SOURCE

Information supplied by the Government (Colonial Department).

Tables 1, II, III.

NOTES

IThese statistics include only returning workmen who reported themselves on their arrival in Java tothe Commissary for Labor Recruitment.

2Cjtjzen and alien officials, crews, and transients are not required to have permits.

FRENCH IND 0-CHINA 919

Cochin ChinaTABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN IM1VUGRANTS AND REPATRIATED PERSONS1, BY

NATIONALITY, 1879-83 -

1879

Immigrants RepatriatedNationality

Total Males Total Males Jats

French 130 89 — 35 6 109 82 24 3English 14 12 2 .. 7 6 1

German 12 5 1 6 5 5Italian 6 5 1 ... 1 1

Austrian .... 1 1 ... ... 1 ... 1

Spanish 1 1 ... ... 1 1

Swiss 1 1 . . . . . . 1 1 .

Belgian ... ... ... ... ..Russian ... ... ... .,. ...Portuguese 9 4 1 4 8 4 2 2Netherlander 1 1 . .. 1 1

Greek 2 2Turkish ....Swedish. ...

1880

French 161 94 42 15 139 101 30 8English 19 17 2 ... 12 11 1

German 17 15 2 ... 6 5 1

Italian 7 2 5 ... 4 2 2Austrian ... ... .. ... 1 1

Spanish 2 ... 2 ... ...Swiss 3 3 .. ... 1 1Belgian 2 1 1 . . . 1 1 .

Russian 1 ... 1 ... .

Portuguese 2 1 1 . . . 1 1 .

Netherlauder 2 2 .. . .. 1 1 .

Greek 1 1 .. ... 3 3Turkish ... ... ..Swedish. .. ..'

________________________

1881

French... 170 115 37 18 147 95 29 23English . 30 16 5 9 18 12 1 5German 12 9 3 . 5 5 ...Italian 2 1 1 . 1 1 . .

Austrian 1 1 ... . ...Spanish .. ... ...Swiss .. ... . 2 2Belgian .. .. ... . ... ..Russian .. .. ... . 3 1 2Portuguesi 2 1 1 . ... .. .

Netherlander 2 2 .. . 1 1

Greek .. .. ... . ...Turkish .. .. ...Swedish .. .. ... .



TABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS AND REPATRIATED PERSONS,1 BYNATIONALITY, 18 79-83 (continued).

1882

Nationa'lity Immigrants Repatriated

Total Males Total Males

French 206 145 45 16 140 110 22 8English 30 27 2 1 16 13 3German 10 10 ... ... 4 4Italian 3 3 . . . . . 2 1 1

Austrian ... ... ... ... ...Spanish 1 1 ... ... ...Swiss 1 1 ... ... 1 1

Belgian ... ... ... ... 1 1

Russian 1 1 . .. ... 1 1 .

Portuguese 1 1 ... . .. 1 1

Netherlander 1 1 . .. . . . 4 3 1

Greek 1 1 . .. ... .. . ...Turkish 2 2 ... ... ...Swedish 1 1 ... ... ...

1883

French 254 187 48 19 208 147 39 22English 45 37 4 4 28 9 7 12German 5 4 1 . .. 5 4 1

Italian 4 4 ... ... 3 3Austrian 7 3 3 1 . 6 5 1

Spanish ... ... ... ... 2 2

Swiss 2 1 1 ...Belgian 2 2 . . . . . . 2 2

Russian 2 . . . 2 . . . 4 1 2

Portuguese 2 2 . . . . . . 1 1

Netherlander 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . .

Greek 1 1 . .. ... ... .

Turkish 1 1 . . . . . . 3 2 1

Swedish ... ... ... ... ...

TABLE 11.—CHINESE IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION, 1879-83.

Year Immigrants Emigrants Year Immigrants Emigrants

187918801881

15,23615,0137,497

9,0429,7348,499

18821883

8,41410,989

7,8486,992

SOURCE

Notices Colonial es. Paris, 1885, pp. 410-13.

NOTEof the administrative staff are not included.

TA

BL

E L

—D

IST

RIB

TJT

ION

OF

EN

GL

ISH

AN

D F

RE

NC

H P

ASS

EN

GE

RS

EM

BA

RK

ED

AN

D D

ISE

MB

AR

KE

D, B

Y S

EX

AN

D N

AT

ION

AL

ITY

, 191

3-24

.

Dis

emba

rked

fro

m th

e St

raits

Set

tlem

ents

Em

bark

ed f

or th

e St

raits

Set

tlem

ents

(Sin

gapo

re, R

ango

on, P

enan

g), o

r fr

om C

eylo

n(S

inga

pore

, Ran

goon

, Pen

ang,

etc

.)

Yea

rFr

ench

Eng

lish

Fren

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Eng

lish

Tot

alM

en W

omen

Tot

alM

en W

omen

-T

otal

Men

Wom

enT

otal

Men

Wom

en

1913

617

1956

434

533

1649

324

682

4957

063

1,09

957

981

6119

1453

451

428

5581

741

720

5641

825

352

4176

328

683

5219

1531

422

273

1936

717

323

2765

368

554

311,

564

118

1,40

442

1916

281

2323

919

350

2330

027

709

5860

744

1,45

086

1,29

965

1917

290

1925

516

432

2437

335

424

4135

825

527

4846

019

1918

102

888

623

631

180

2534

119

315

745

342

414

7

1919

119

1698

517

921

139

1975

765

653

391,

233

155

1,06

711

1920

250

2221

018

258

2421

519

607

5551

339

1,79

819

41,

560

4419

2126

120

222

1918

610

156

2040

443

339

223,

212

339

2,77

895

1922

164

2313

38

164

2112

518

162

2712

87

2,15

019

81,

849

103

1923

230

1420

412

454

1342

021

977

7416

2,29

916

02,

023

116

1924

135

512

91

'20

314

173

1614

218

119

52,

654

200

2,34

710

7

SO

UR

CE

Info

rmat

ion

supp

lied

by th

e Fr

ench

Gov

ernm

ent (

Eta

blis

sem

ents

fra

nçai

s de

Publ

ic W

orks

).

1.3


PONDICHERRY

TABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF PASSENGERS DISEMBARKED FROM THE PACKET-BOATS OFTHE MESSAGERIES MARITIMES SHIPPING COMPANY, BY NATIONALITY, 1916-24.

Year Total Nationality Place of embarkation

19161919

1920

1921192219231924 .

1323

35

544

718

12 French and 1 English.Including 9 French and 12 Hin-

dus.17 French, the remainder Hin-

dus or English.

Chiefly Hindus.

Saigon, Haiphong or Marseilles.

Marseilles, Colombo or India.Indo-China or India.

Mostly from Saigon.

TABLE II.—DIsmrntrrIoN OF PASSENGERS EMBARKED ON THE PACKET-BOATS OF THEMESSAGERIES MARITIMES SHIPPING COMPANY, BY NATIONALITY, 1916-1924.

Year Total Nationality Destination

1916191819191920192119221923

1924

116

1862142

10

3

French.French or English.Chifly English or Hindus.Chiefly French, a few Hindus.Including a few French.1 English and 1 French.9 French and 1 Pole.

2 French and 1 Persian.

Mostly for Saigon or Jibuti.

Mostly for Saigon or Haiphong.Mostly for Marseilles or Saigon.For Saigon or Colombo.

For Marseilles, Saigon or Col-ombo.

For Colombo.

SOURCE

Information supplied by the French Government (Colonial Ministry).

Tables I and II.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

TABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRANT ALIENS, BY AND AGE, 1910-24.

923

Total Males Fern ales Under 16years 1644 yearsYear1

19:1.019:1119121913191419151916191719:819919201921192219231924

43 years andover

2,3082,9462,5364,4084,0493,9264,1225,7977,6989,872

10,00910,6526,5376,6897,139

1,9842,4562,0983,8653,5503,4633,5535,2366,9858,2608,3578,9785,6415,5885,485

324490438343499463569561713

1,6121,6521,674

8961,1011,654

44026252547296428162

1,11321,03821, 24321,2032,6462,7132,8441,7802,1462,205

4,37436,3 136,9366,8847,3464,5824,3654,533

100126

77121147

84223180182290412462175178301

TABLE 11.—DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRANT ALIENS, BY OCCUPATION, 1910-24.

Year

191019111912191319141915191619171918191919201921192219231924

Total

2,3082,9462,5364,40840493;9264,1225,7977,6989,872

10,00910,6525,5376,6897,139

Agri-culture

26403407874683434534

1,8863,6851,483

322275154191331

Industryand.nnmng

324331208309348286235

5373836654261931

Transportand

commerce

581471423626729219527424395864802776368301441

Domesticservice

and gen-eral labor

Liberal j.Other occu-pations,

and public none orservices unknown

2836464

154120

4342

.1711

20465191212

9

181164131191175100157197107106165134104

3993

9131,5111,3032,2541,9942,8442,6273,2203,4277,1328,5899,3945,8736,1276,234



TABLE III.—DIsmInrrrIoN OF EMIGRANT ALIENS, BY SEX AND AGE, 1910-24.

Year' Total Males Females Un 116 1644 years

1910 17010 900 110 412 5588 4111911 896 747 149 942 1341912 729 557 172 1082 991q13 768 566 202 1072 5393 1221914 1,782 1,459 323

I1952 263

1915 1,120 884 236 1122 1281916 850 646 204 802 1241917 807 604 203 842 1171918 793 629 166 43 682 701919 1,215 951 264 I 99 1,023 931920 1,509 1,203 306 201 1,106 2021921 1,724 1,377 347 283 1,181 2601922 1,105 941 164 I 69 959 771923 1,077 900 177 85 904 881924 938 707 231 138 628 172

TABLE IV.—ThsTRIBtrrioN OF ALIENS, BY OCCUPATION, 1910-24.

Year' Total Agri-culture

Industry Transportand amd

. .mimng commerce

Domesticserviceand gen-era! labor

Liberalprofessionsand public

services

Other occu-pations,none or

unknown

19101911

1,010896

1218

5481

378339

282116

5746

227276

1912 729 15 91 277 46 47 2531913 768 17 63 299 52 66 27119141915

1,7821,120

4844

166174

492315

522197

8677

468313

1916 850 69 137 263 66 51 2641917 807 55 104 214 56 84 2941918 795 209 124 135 68 48 2111919 1,215 347 115 202 152 44 35519201921

1,5091,724

470285

4836

300536

14133

6762

483772

192219231924

1 1051:077

938

580337275

907149

111125165

234829

624770

239249350

SOURCE

Annual Report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration to the Secretary ofCommerce and Labor for the fiscal year ended June Washington, 1910 to 1924.'

Tables I-TV.

NOTES'Fiscal years ended June 30.2Under 14 years.'From 14 to 44 years.

SIAM 925

TABLE 1.—ARalvas AND DEPARTURES,1918/

Year'

1922—231923—24

Arrivals

34,88848,317

PORT OF BANGKOK AND SOUTHERN FRONTIER,19—1923/24.

Departures

36,17540,265

Excess ofarrivals

28,77326,681

55,256

Excess

(—) orof departures

arrivals (+)

+8,052

Statistical Year-Book of the Kingdom of Siam, 1924. Published by the Department

of Commerce and Statistics, Ministry of Finance. English Edition, Bangkok, 1924, pp.

tYears ending March 31st.

All tables.NOTE

YearL Arrivals

1918—19 80,2331919—20 88,1171920—2 1 96,670

Depa.r-

52,98974,66968,746

ExcessQf

27,24413,44827,924

Year'

1921—221922—231923—24

Arrivals

104,570126,557158,863

TABLE 11.—ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES AT THE PORT OF BY SEX,1922/23—1923/24.

Year'Arrivals Departures

Total Males Females Total , Males Females

1922—231923—24

91,669110,546

77,53989,100

14,130 63,70121,446 63,342

54,04352,484

9,65810,858

TABLE 111.—AlutivALs AND DEPARTURES AT THE PORT OF BANGKOK, BY NATIONALITY,

Arrivals DeparturesNationality

1922-23' 1923-24' 1922-23' 1923-24'

Siamese 406 501 1)246 819Chinese 89,329 107,987 60,162 60,342British 406 401 407 356French 69 103 73 129Danish 80 59 67 55American 162 126 156 115Indian 478 585 566 528Malay 378 344 597 554Japanese 64 110 141 91Others 297 330 284 343

TotaL 91,669 110,546 63,701 63,342

TABLE IV.—ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES ACROSS THE SOUTHERN FRONTIER,1922/23—1923/24.

28-32.

SOURCE


CHINA

Chinese emigration, notably of industrial laborers, started at dif-ferent ports in different years. Diverse authorities were responsible forthe collection of the statistics relating thereto.

1. For the first decade (1845-55) port statistics, based on consularreports, were laid before the British Parliament. These data have beentaken from the official Portuguese report of 1874 which declares that theearliest data published in the English sources are not entirely correct andconvey the impression that the exportation of indentured laborers in-creased more rapidly than it did. (Relatorio Documentos. . ., p. 4).

In addition to the earliest figures for Amoy, data relating to fourports in the Province of Canton, the most important emigration centre,are available for the period 1848-52. Later Hongkong and Macaoalone a noteworthy part. The figures for emigration from Cantonto Peru are derived from the reports of the Peruvian consul at Cantonand are not included in the emigration statistics of the four ports. Ac-cording to an English statement, 2,025 emigrants left the four ports in1852 for South America, Peru (1,350) presumably included.

The data for llongkong from English sources, and for Macao froma Portuguese source, are available until 1873, but not for every year.We have not been able to ascertain whether no coolies were exportedduring those years or whether no data were collected.

2. From 1876 onward figures are available relating to Chinese emi-gration or passenger traffic via Amoy (1876-19 17, tables V and VI) andalso Kungchow and Swatow (190 1-07, table VII). These figures relatemainly to continental emigration, e. g., to the Straits Settlements, Siam,Cochin China, Java, Sumatra, and Philippines, and to coastwise trafficwith Hongkong. They were collected by the Customs authorities of theseveral ports. (China. Inspectorate General of Customs. Annual Sta-tistical Series. Data for certain years are not available.) For Am oy theclassification, until 1901, differs from that of later dates (compare theBulletin by Ta Chen), and accordingly two tables are given.

3. For the period 1870-1900 no figures were found for Hongkong.From 1900 onward they reappear in British colonial statistics. It is aquestion of aggregate figur&s of Chinese emigrants and immignnts pro-ceeding to and from countries outside China (more especially to andfrom the Straits Settlements).

Immigrants or emigrants who are not resident in Hongkong but inother parts of China and who use Hongkong as their port of arrival ordeparture appear in the statistics only when they disembark from, or em-bark for, places outside of China.

Statistics about the number of migrants from China to CochinChina (1879-S3), Straits Settlements (1881-1915), Brazil (1908-24), Canada,Cuba, Indo-China, Mexico (1909-24), United States (1820-1924),Hawaii (1911-24), New South Wales (1859-1901), Victoria (1886-1901),

CHINA 927

Queensland (1875-1901), Australia (1902-24) and New Zealand (1871-1919)will be found in the national tables for those countries. Statistics aboutthe number of migrants returning to China from Cochin China (1879-83), Straits Settlements (1888-1915), Mexico (1911-24), United States(1908-24), Hawaii (1911-24), New South Wales (1859-1919), Victoria (1866-1919), Queensland (1875-1919), Australia (1920-24) and New Zealand(1872-1919) will be found in the national tables for those countries.

TABLE 1.—EMIGRATION OF INDENTURED LABORERS (CITIZENS), BY PORTS OF EM-BARKATION,

I From Canton

From Total ofYear Wampu, available

coming To From From figuresMacao Peru Hongkong Macao

and Hong-kong2

1845 180 1801846 200 ... 20018471848 120 10 .... 1301849 280 900 75 . 1,2551850 1,000 3,118 1,465 5,5831851 2,069 3,508 1,163 6,7401852 15,000 1,350 . 18,0891853 . 2,070 2,0701854 1,233 1,2331855 .. . 14,9911856 14,466 2,493 16,9591857 . . 25,980 7,383 33,3631858 15,810 10,034 25,8441859 .. . . 10,217 8,969 19,1861860 . . 15,183 8,119 23,3021861 . . 12,840 * 12,8401862 * 2,536 2,5361863 * 6,660 6,66Q1864 * 10,712 10,7121868 . 12,206 21,0831869 9,000 27,2851870 . 13,407 26,3991871 . * 17,083 17,0831872 .

. * 21,854 21,8541873 * 13,016 13,016



TABLE 11.—DISTRIBUTION OF INTERCONTINENTAL EMIGRANTS FROM HONGEONG, BYSEX AND COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, 1859-61.

TABLE IlL—EMIGRATIoN AND IMMIGRATION ThROUGH HONGKONG°, 1900-24.

\Tear

1900

19011902190319041905

19061907190819091910

1911

Year

18561857185818591860186118621863

Emigrants

83,643

Immigrants Year Emigrants Immigrants

121,322 1912 122,657 163,248

69,77471,71183,384

129,030129,812140,551

191319141915

142,75976,29668,275

166,921168.827109,753

76,30464.341

-

76,725105,976

71,081

149,195140,483

.

134,912145,822

157,809

19161917191819191920

117,65396,29843,83059,969105,258

72,40598,23274,109

136,020122,438

77,430111,058

135,565

144,821149,564

149,894

1921192219231924

156,01198,393

120,227129,859

159,064143,547121,102

TABLE IV.—INTERCONTINENTAL EMIGRATIONTINATION,

ThROUOH MACAO, BY COUNTRY OF DES-1856-73.

Total

2,493

7,38310,0348,9698,119

..2,5366,660

Havana

2,2536,7538,9137,6955,773....752

2,922

Peru

....450300321

2,098...

1,4593,738

Othercoun-tries

240180821953248...325325

Year

1864186818691870187118721873

Total Havnna PeruOthercoun-tries

10,712

12,2069,000

13,40717,08321,85413,016

4,4698,835

4,1241,0645,7068,0456,307

6,243

3,371

4,876J2,34311,37713,8096,709

325...

...,...

...

..


Country ofdestination

Adults ChildrenYear

1839

1860

1861{

AustraliaDemeraraCalifornia

Total

Australia.

IndiaDemerara..,.California....

Total

Australia...Demerara...California...

Total

To ta!

5,316821

4,08010,217

6,56466

1,313

7,24015,183

2,8092,297

7,73412,840

Total

5,316798

4,05410,168

6,564

661,221

7,24015,091

2,7992,2697,718

12,786

Males

5,316742

3,5439,601

6,56466

9026,799

14,331

2,7991,9217,096

11,816

Fe males

56

511567

441760

48622970

Total

26

49

½92

10

281654

Males

15

8

23

10

165

31

Females

81826

33

12

1123

Stra

itsT

otal

Hon

gkon

gSe

ttlem

ents

iS

aigo

nM

anila

Java

Oth

er p

lace

sY

ear

To

Vrn

rnrn

.F

rom

10Fr

omT

oFr

omT

o'

Fro

mT

oFr

omS

lUL

LS

LU

1876

26,546

18,338

1,528

5,206

15,115

4,931

....

370

6,675

4,876

974

216

2,254

2,739

•1877

26,496

23,279

1,002

6,107

13,804

6,750

1,039

675

5,362

3,736

1,975

169

3,314

3,842

1878

30,2

8124

,524

1,57

96,

241

15,7

346,

539

980

217,

170

7,91

41,

474

215

3,34

43,

594

1879

22,3

3620

,764

1,35

33,

919

10,9

037,

499

539

180

5,21

06,

679

995

258

3,33

62,

229

1880

22,0

3724

,318

831

2,47

113

)563

13,6

2819

5...

.4,

104

6,03

172

226

82,

622

1,92

0

1881

39,9

9133

,475

1,34

44,

785

21,0

039,

821

562

9,47

29,

293

575

17,

592

9,51

1

1882

52,8

3535

,270

2,69

73,

684

32,5

1112

,933

80...

.8,

572

8,08

0..

897

510,573

1883

48,9

6353

,998

4,15

74,

516

24,9

7724

,191

202

11,0

9810

,599

8:72

114

,490

1884

58,2

7245

,309

2,42

14,

811

34,4

7117

,756

1312

,871

11,5

83..

8,49

611

,159

1885

49,7

3743,613

2,39

44,

375

28,8

1821

,221

8,72

610

,437

..9,

599

7,580

1886

65,2

9250

,872

2,01

96,

396

42,7

8520

,494

8,36

59,

714

..12

,123

14,2

68

1887

51,4

3666

,624

5,79

17,

970

21 8

1046

,119

...

11,7

617,

409

.12

,074

11,1

26

1888

73663

54,7

142,

585

6,26

747

:908

23,8

4923

13,2

6911

,540

416

.9,

485

13,0

35

1889

7350

049

,538

3,16

24,

879

43 4

1723

,997

12,0

298,

873

14,8

9211

,789

018

9070

,697

54,2

883,

233

6,19

042

:896

27,9

6911

,559

7,99

513

,409

12,1

34

1891

78,0

1255

,194

4,29

47,

147

47,9

2223

,372

9,83

66,

938

15,9

6013

,737

II18

9269

,478

50,2

171,

928

7,39

846

638

20,5

459,

702

10,0

6011

,210

12,2

14

1893

83,5

8178

,311

4,04

88,

296

48:0

7136

,479

.17

8,85

59,

842

22,6

0723

,677

1894

85,9

6160

,204

2,88

514

,634

52,6

2723

,685

1,02

261

77,

633

2,97

321

,794

18,2

95

1895

113,

600

74,0

126,

066

25,4

9869

,159

17,9

921,

637

255,

874

953

30,9

6429

,544

1896

70,8

9654

,844

2,46

912

,845

52,8

1129

,244

971

344,461

2,43

810

,194

10,2

83

1897

58,5

5666

,560

3,24

623

,297

35,1

3026

,582

375

7,20

11,

143

12,6

0415

,538

1898

75,2

8761

,217

7,60

923

,660

47,1

1523

,511

1,12

4...

.9,

364

2,83

910

,075

11,2

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1899

81,6

0770

,335

4,30

626

,646

34,7

1127

,046

2,02

180

9,54

41,

520

11,0

2515

,043

1900

105,

416

67,7

114,

855

26,8

6079

,263

24,8

931,

050

346

10,0

4498

510

,204

14,6

27

1901

95,4

8172

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5,52

324

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32,7

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640

9,53

71,

335

10.5

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1896

16,6

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281

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1897

17,2

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612

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2990

4,51

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811

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92,

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244,

291

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108

10,4

661,

949

6,64

63,

233

383

309

1900

'15

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15,8

444,

438

11,7

4847

507,

610

1,14

22,

947

2,61

021

229

419

0116

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16,8

384,

109

11,5

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208

9,28

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165

2,80

92,

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447

132

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298,

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296,

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116,

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189,

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116,

397

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27,6

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284

2,55

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1880

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20,9

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147

153

16,5

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2,83

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1881

49,3

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17,3

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838

7.

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28,0

6630

3,11

92,

908

1882

71,3

0140

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16,9

8334

,603

10,4

8026

1831

240

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3,73

35,

101

1883

77,0

7144

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16,4

1740

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10,5

33.

536

2445

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...

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852

3,97

418

8468

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44,5

8612

,566

37,4

475,

347

207

....

118

44,3

513,

446

5,98

23,

368

1885

65,1

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15,4

1541

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6,54

120

9522

37,4

463,

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5,67

09,

356

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48,4

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44,5

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1,36

630

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12,9

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3,93

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48,7

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93,

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6,95

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46,9

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24,7

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94,

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1898

73,9

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14,5

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17,7

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3,78

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73,

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4020

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10,0

524,

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916

669

3,93

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850

1900

98,2

0180

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21,7

1961

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16,6

788,

843

5,86

340

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225

8,69

963

74,

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440

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97,9

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0

For

refe

renc

e no

tes

see

page

932

.I.


SOURCES

Relatorio e Documentos sobre a Aboliçao da cmi gracao de chinas contratados e Macau.Apresentado as cOrtes na sessao legislativa de 1874 pelo Ministro e Secretario d'Estadodos negocios de Merinha e IJitramar. Lisbon, 1874.

Tables I (except Hongkong, 1859-61) and IV.

Bulletin of the United States, Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 340. ChineseMigration wi/h special Reference to Labor Conditons, by Ta Chen, Washington, 1923, p. 15.

Table VI.

Statistical Tables relating to the Colonial and other Possessions of the United Kingdom.Parts VI, WI, IX, London, 1862.

Table I (Hongkong, 1859-61) and II.

Statistical Abstract for the several British Overseas Dominions and Protectorate.s,London, 1914, 1922, 1924.

rrable III (years 1900-21).

Information supplied by the British Government (Foreign Office and Ministry ofLabour).

Table III (years 1922-24).

H. Gottwaldt, Die übcrseeische Auswanderung der Chinesen, Bremen, 1903, pp.39-41.

Tables V, VII and VIII.

NOTES

coolie emigrants were bound for the following places: "990 for Havana, 469 for Demerara, 380for the Island of Bourbon. 2.666 for Australia, 380 for the Sandwich Islands. 600 for Batanes in thePhilippine Group. 330 for California, or more probab'y for Peru, and 420 for Peru." Reiatorio C Docu,nen-tos, p. 5. The difference between the annual figures of table I and the figures referring to countries ofdestination derive from the original source.

2To California only.15 months.'From December 1, 1854 to September 30, 1855. This figure refers to frçe or spontaneous and non-

indentured emigrants; of them 10,467 sailed for Australia, 3,042 for California, 1,375 for Chinese ports,Li for the Philippines. SO for Siam, and 46 for Singapore.

'Principally non-indentured emigrants.6The figures given represent the movements of Chinese through Hongkong from and to ports outside

of China (principally in the Straits Settlements).'Including 277 to German New Guinea.

0

JAPAN 933

JAPAN

I PASSENGER STATISTICS

(Tables I-IT)

Table I indicates the total number of passports issued to Japanesepassengers from 1868 to 1924 and classifies the passengers according tothe country of destination. Table II, which gives the occupations of theoutward bound passengers, is compiled on the same basis. The figurescontained in the last column represent, however, emigrants proper. (Seeexplanation which follows.)

II STATISTICS OF MIGRANTS

(Tables III-V)

Emigration statistics are available from 1898 (table III), immi-gration figures from 1908 (table V).

The term "emigrant" is defined as follows: "By an emigrant ismeant a person who departs for abroad except China and Corea, with aview to earning his living there, and includes the members of his familywho accompany him or who proceed to join him in his new domicile."The term "labor" in Article 1 of the Regulations relating to the Emi-grant Protection Act includes the following classes of labor: farmlaborers, fishermen, miners, mechanics, transport workers, builders,cooks, laundry workers, tailors, hairdressers, waiters, nurses and others.

These emigrants are also given in the last column of table II (1899-1924). The two groups "laborers" and "persons in the employ ofaliebs" are, according to the Japanese delegation at the League ofNations, to be considered—so far as the period 1884-98 is in question—as corresponding to the category "emigrants". Migrants given in thetables under other headings than those mentioned are nonemigrants.

The immigration statistics (table V) cover third class passengersreturning to Japan from the United States, Hawaii and Canada (1908-24).

Statistics about the number of migrants from Japan to Brazil(1908-24), Canada (1900-24), Cuba (1911-24), Mexico (1911-24), UnitedStates (1861-1924), Hawaii (1911-24), Australia (1902-24) and NewCaledonia (1897-1924) will be found in the national tables for those coun-tries. Statistics about the number of migrants returning to Japan fromthe United States (1908-24), Hawaii (1911-24), Mexico (1911-24), Australia(1920-24), and New Caledonia (1897-1924), will be found in the nationaltables for those countries.

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION STATISTICS

TABLE I.—DISTRHUnI0N OF PASSENGER CITIZENS OUTWARD, BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, 1868-1924.

For reference notes see page 941

934

Year Total Hawaii Canada MexicoOtherNorth

Americancoun tries

Brazil Per I-IArgen-

tina

3563

1868—187518161817181818791880

18811882188318841883

18861887188818891890

18911892189318941895

18961897189818991900

19011902190319041905

19061907190819091910

19111912191319141915

19161917191819191920

192119221923'1924

UnitedStates

59612835513748

556059284312

332461157399611

1,4612,3441,9781,4971,049

1,7641,9452,9366,94210,562

1,9865,0963,2133,4903,124

8,4669,6183,2141,7662,900

3,8956,0216,4608,3988,53?

8,6599,962

10,71611,30311,142

8,5577,4546,2898,723

4,637709

1,0021,1401,133

1,510

1,0671,2741,3901,3543,461

3,0074,7356,5527,7728,166

13,61810,21813,66916,12622,411

27,36523,83733,29151,05741 .339

24,03432,90034,20227,37519,466

58,85144,61921,33415,30221,982

29,95020,78244,08443.57043.692

45,76560,37162,57160,18755,607

35.64030,41124,84726,932

181112

1,133779434

349206

1,039

69490455341

1521

5

1,939

9711,8933,3084,2444,340

7,1712,4134,7644,0362,445

9,4865,91312,95227,1554,760

2,98211,457

so12,6217,146

30,39315,7573,6211.2 73

1,919

2,9503,2434,8723,5583,414

4,3214,8563,5783,7593,497

3,9393,5532,6612,160

152187159201374

419is

70916

847

5,3223,945

181337

6074

106102

61

1,000108

3,0261,277

492

6136

109

1,1003,603738342629

8651,1231,4321,423887

1,2051,3 681,9941,8831,534

1,3781,160

7651,230

285380

91,2442,7031,395

80

1430

1237162

72103215137101

411713

1,1471,1181,386

1,5182,0211,8441,6051,029

521283364290313

633.9415,5321,3621,008

185154188231

68

143142136276

269250269447

1,0111,091

8443,858

800293443751

9481102123

JAPAN 935

TABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF PASSENGER CITIZENS OUTwARD, BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION 1868-1924(continued).

Other OtherSouth Euro- Federat-

Year Chile Amen- Africa England France Ger- pean ed Malay Philip-lean many coun- ha States, pines

coun— tries etc.tries

1868—1815 4 . . 225 96 73 153 3 .

1876 2 . . 28 14 2 9 . . .

1877 . . 32 40 5 3 9 .

1878 76 .. 47 66 4 9 31879 . . . 25 12 8 4 . . . - .

1880 . . . 16 18 22 36 7 .

1881 . . 15 12 3 9 2

1882 . 26 24 17 271883 2 15 21 13 8 411884 . . 83 32 49 11 61885 . . 250 I 11 27 23 21

1886 . . 56 31 56 8 491887 . 107 38 46 30 11

1888 4 241 40 34 196 81889 21 300 31 38 16 141890 10 219 43 52 28 14

1891 3 .. 92 296 25 17 53 40 41892 1 .. 69 201 26 10 834 132 61893 1 1 299 15 29 6 1,242 86 261894 4 3 177 10 26 8 963 88 5

1895 . . . 173 10 23 4 169 106 13

1896 719 23 29 10 843 144 41897 100 16 55 . . 351 153 .

1898 1,217 32 42 . . 1,128 961899 701 93 84 13 258 154 12

1900 1,188 395 269 .. 314 278 61

1901 .. .. 553 29 76 .. 427 173 421902 . . .. 98 17 76 . 255 118 471903 91 . 50 25 81 24 220 68 2711904 21 2 78 6 43 16 222 44 6461905 28 5 116 27 53 22 60 125 542

1906 6 14 11 154 33 110 29 36 161 2251907 16 15 2 223 34 98 51 48 194 2711908 7 30 4 195 34 115 17 40 160 1971909 3 13 .. 278 39 89 29 26 140 2271910 5 15 . . 537 20 96 40 1,053 235 396

1911 5 4 265 22 90 37 386 392 6571912 10 4 . . 206 27 141 31 52 673 9231913 39 13 ., 208 33 115 233 84 704 1,0921914 38 11 . 194 76 65 136 63 543 9221915 37 13 1 651 34 . . 77 87 587 741

1916 31 29 6 535 38 -. 394 83 1,065 1,2811917 43 43 25 148 32 . . 124 71 1,634 3,5991918 52 44 23 220 95 .. 371 126 1,706 3,7381919 40 36 10 246 91 . . 340 211 1,339 1,4971920 41 17 13 , 189 110 14 306 152 1,066 901

1921 35 50 38 194 112 50 274 164 107 7991922 24 50 23 190 102 102 300 299 594 5751923' 14 16 9 184 106 116 422 164 566 7461924 16 14 11 . .. .. . 769 297 591 857



TABLE 1.—DISTRIBUTION OF PASSENGER CITIZENS OUTWARD, BY COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, 18684924(concluded).

Other

coun-tries

1,96580

503545660934

434448559457407

8421,1121,4321,7131,791

3,1002,1651,7766,065

10,391

4,7454,5474,9874,7014,327

4,8433,0264,2585,113

523

Year

1868—187518761877187818791880

18811882188318841885

18861887'188818891890

18911892189318941895

18961897189818991900

19011902190319041905

19061907190819091910

19111912191319141915

19161917191819191920

1921192219231924

Otherislandsof thePacific

71479

653104

24

2366

926

180101102

.55740

155125521149309

492453

1,0481,867

499

8711,8561,3341,045

881

706670676721

India

1231

4I1

34

1112322947

66503449

4260602830

721034764

133

80668997

171

178216325243272

208263272297

Siam

1

I1

45

4879

3430223547

1649612731

7141312925

3116362031

7349494630

.34279863

Indo-China

332

3

1

2

814

1618

28

193644

24172810

4550314147

4847323333

4327876163

47377667

China

1,214284299271319277

219397392460307

365517317373390

378•592627402

1.510

8804,5882,9291,973

5,6865,4576,0053,3025,256

5,1863,8092,8422,6242,478

2,1432,0301,9262,2552,775

3,7783,5683,3792,9082,174

3,5442,9962,6362,814

HonKoncz

135270319192206

184293293324385

371392436309142

216174123121144

195209131120143

376252300705586

647621452.586

Russiaand Ter-ritories

90100

716250

122

306247246106118

184250

31260273

582941

1,0971,4184,721

7,1774,8993,3754,0015,819

4,9034,3543,881

230

5,2375,5225,0896,5028.7 76

16,216680

20,96420,25922,495

19,3172 3,52323,76428,46726,747

9,0457,1184,769

391

Variouscoun-tries

21862

3

iS30

to23196023

106263172158188

5018

122301886

847671

2,1574,4754,376

1,4801,603

12,620800892

735776535429617

683764315258249

4741,6591,4311,3971,974

1,4581,3971,215

962

49442

131295501


649820

1,096933

1.37 3

1,337997801288

Tot

alPu

blic

ser

vice

sS

tudy

Fish

ing

Fe-

Mal

esm

ales

147

303

133

127 82

115

140

350

315

324

238

318

810

301

1,46

2

Mal

esm

ales

414

273

393

415

379

328

361

362

334

353

289

374

361

445

646

r

Mal

es F

emal

es

Com

mer

ceFe

-M

ales

mal

es

382

394

715

855

1,252

1,552

1,358

1,724

1,852

2,180

4,086

5,915

3,114

5,821

5,887

Vis

itors

Mal

es F

emal

es

20 11 17 15 14 20 35

14

32 48 20 12 15 33

605

--In

the

La-

empl

oybo

rers

ofal

iens

Agr

icul

ture

170

1,48

02,

592

5,21

62,

992

3,29

58,

404

746

Yea

r

1884

1885

1886

1887

1888

1889

1890

1891

1892

1893

1894

1895

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

1903

1904

1905

1906

1907

1908

1909

1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

'19

24

Var

. occ

upat

ions

Mal

es F

emal

es

300

254

434

428

548

572

600

2,03

41,

067

1,43

51,876

3,776

1,89

43,564

2,625

Tot

al

1,55

43,

461

3,00

74,

136

6,55

27,

172

8,16

613

,618

10,2

0913

,619

16,7

2622

,411

27,5

6523

,857

33,2

97

51,0

5741

,339

24,0

3432

,900

34,2

0227

,375

19,466

58,8

5144,619

21,3

5415

,502

21,982

29,9

5020

,782

44,084

43,5

7043

,692

45,7

6560

,317

62,5

7160

,187

55,6

0735,640

30,4

1124

,847

26,9

32

Mal

es

1,28

22,

948

2,31

53,987

5,40

46,

323

6,47

710

,939

8,64

311

,629

14,4

1618

,033

24,1

6320

,824

28.6

18

42,8

0237

,525

20,7

5928

,990

30,6

2824

,979

16,8

3353

,411

36,6

1817

,183

12,6

2817

,362

23,964

13,2

0235

,955

35,4

4935,901

36,3

6747

,989

49,4

9048

,258

43,9

4225

,758

22,244

18,1

1711

,737

51 27 88

82

ii.'.

159

167

206

865

565

708

1,034

Fem

ales

272

513

692

749

1,14

81,

449

1,68

92,

679

1,56

62,050

2,310

4,37

83,402

3,033

4,679

8,255

3,81

43,275

3,910

3,57

42,396

2,633

5,380

8,001

4,171

2,874

4,620

5,986

7,580

8,129

8,121

7,791

9,398

12,388

13,0

8011

,929

11,6

659,

882

8,16

76,

730

9,195

240

2,19

41,

218

2,79

14,

149

4,95

45,

228

8,758

4,264

6,18

14,

293

7,990

381

17,6

8945

84,831

2862 21,040'

Emigrants

10

6,241

11

7,30

817

4,888

60

5,28

845

6,243

31

5,50

632

2,487

71

5,271

79

3,526

35

2,151

24

1,621

18

1,766

12

1,95

523

2,030

20

2,115

38

2,630

35

3,780

40

5,31

221

7,33

39

8,210

34

6,994

25

4,955

39

4,52

542

3,858

53

2,99

261

2,33

3

1,277

2,105

971

450

560

551

757

515

444

343

368

446

477

484

413

398

534

550

577

978

815

912

1,09

31,

214

967

9984

116

10189 45 38

57 77 6866 58 34 7869 30 29 38 63 35 40

73

114

162

151

809

780

964

1,79

81,799

1,56

61,

095

3,269

3,33

664

533

5310

337

400

429

348

340

415

208

238

336

241

261

484

463

629

666

378

236

264

290

229

120

385

383

240

242

347

364

333

332

342

401

605

790

781

682

660

596

500

506

380

4588

76

118 71 35 10

24

15

142 28

1,250

1,515

1,68

21,834

2,74

12,402

2,478

2,418

2,211

1,79

7

2 4 2 1 2 311 3 21 17 43 48

61 42 82

81

155

260

- 8,26

92,287

11,921

1,90

49,

465

807

10,751

.9,8

141,

235

4,06

068

967

0933

11,4

10.1,725

9,810

1,88

66,

365

707

7,86

167

010

,688

1,39

817

,021

1,673

2,371

149

20,9

8721,155

655

22,6

942,

065

19,3

453,

342

23,3

873,

411

23,4

273,

437

26,3

393,

901

27,8

004,

956

10,3

304,

243

5,52

33,

250

5,77

22,

752

4.28

73,

162

For

rete

renc

e no

tes

see

page

941

.807

Mal

es26

,161

15,323

4,395

10,585

12,1

4113,261

11,814

32,982

19,487

7.337

2,409

4,152

4,168

7,917

12,011

10,9

187,

303

9,230

14,802

14,803

11,0

337,

632

7,06

98,

747

5,712

7,884

118

Fem

ales

5,19

31,

435

2,095

3,483'

1,91

41,

402

1,488

3,142

3,573

3,110

1,86

92,799

3,903

6,995

7. 7082

7,056

5,240

5,35

68,060

8,771

7,211

5,909

4 808

4,132

3,113

5,214


For reference notes see page 941

TABLE 111.—DISTRIBUTION OF CITIZENS, 1W COUNTRY OF FUTURE RESIDENCE, 1898-1924.

\re.lr

1898189919001901190219031904190519061907190819091910191119121913191419.15191619.1719181.919192019211922192311924

Total

12,393231,35416,7586,490

15,919214,05514,66313,30236,12425,06010,4474,2786,9518,071

14,91220,966217,97412,54314,58622,86223,57418,24413,54111,87712,8798,825

13,098

UnitedStates Hawaii Canada 1\'lcxico Brazil Peru

170 10,145 . . . . .

3,140 22.973 1,726 1 . . . . 7903

7,585 1,529 2,710 1 -.32 . . . 95 .. .. ,

70 14,490 35 83 .

318 9,091 178 281 .. ..640 9,443 159 1,261 ....

714 1961 346 , ,

1,715 25,752 442 5,068 . . . .

2,712 14,397 2,753 3,822 . .. 851,585 3,455 601 .... 7993 2,880777 2 4 1,138926 1,717 538 5 9118 483

1,963 2,595 820 28 . .. . 45613,378 4,732 1,025 16 714)

4,381 4,276 1,270 47 6.947 1,1265,553 3,187 1,284 35 3.526

5,498 3,055 778 19 39 1,3485,761 3,643 1,055 22 35 1,4296,4.57 4,111 1,226 53 3,883 1,9486,306 3,024 1,780 128 5,9563 1,7366.273 3,088 1,764 64 2,732 1,5075.959 2,789 1,371 53 970 8364,321 3,215 1,163 69 970 7173,558 2,960 1,022 77 986 2022,617 2,112 648 68 796 3334,064 2,163 1.103 76 3,689 651

Argen-tina

1

1

2

16103

4133

13512713417442535266.58

Chile

126

81

2798

152018211621864

OtherSouth

Americancoun-tries

1

5

33

5

53

Year

1898189919001901190219031.9041.905190619071.0819091.910

19111912113191419151916191719181919192019211922192311924

2

1

1

1

9271421

29515528

11827

25

99866

171920202941

14010599

22854

112

Philip-pines

5877

2,2152,923427

71176143170387584689927782468

1,0293,1703,046938411415189449.548

OtherIslandsof the

Pacific

361,032

165742229

6929695

• 40662

1,398679281872

1,548153218329249337200154102100

81

324828213657353959765882

17038633825023533456041234324022417157

152

India

610

4

2411

48

22

1325231116264642453324102617

Siam

46331

4

31

2

I2

72

5534

I

Indo-China

16

8.916

1419131926262110121612

3271010146

17

5

RussianTerri-tories

543532782600369

827

1,642890461389431678729581577821725841632682370261

3,2491,450329

Othercoun-tries

2,0773,2851,937

30142212119331934344334197

33119

5135

118128148562445

TA

BL

E I

V.—

DIS

TR

IBU

TIO

N O

FE

MIG

RA

NT

CIT

IZE

NS,

BY

SE

XR

ESI

DE

NC

E,

AN

D B

Y T

HE

PR

INC

IPA

L C

OU

NT

RIE

S O

F FU

TU

RE

1898-1924

For

refe

renc

e no

tes

see

page

941

.

cci

cci

UN

ITE

D S

TA

TE

S

Fem

ales

HA

WA

IIC

AN

AD

A

Fem

ales

BZ

ILY

ear

Mal

es

1898

168

2

1899

3,072

68

1900

7,357

228

1901

29

31902

50

20

1903

223

95

1904

444

196

1905

393

321

1906

1,183

532

1907

1,82

988

31908

917

668

1909

360

417

1910

382

544

1911

929

1,034

1912

1,81

11,

567

1913

2,47

31,

908

1914

3,23

12,

322

1915

3,19

42,

304

1916

3.52

62,

235

1917

3,79

82,

659

1918

3,52

92,

777

1919

3,36

42,

909

1920

3,08

32,

876

1921

2,53

21,

789

1922

2,08

61,

472

1923

11,

568

1,04

919

242,

435

1,62

9

Mal

es F

emal

es

PERU

Tot

al

170

3,14

07,585 32 70

318

640

714

1,715

2,712

1,585

777

926

1,963

3,378

4,38

15,

553

5,49

85,

761

6,45

76,

306

6,273

5,95

94,321

3,558

2,617

4,064

Fem

ale5

IT

otal

8,29

318

,662

1,17

51,954

9,52

37,

656

8,41

69,859

24,093

10,5

881,

821

357

500

813

1,959

1,785

1,298

1,313

1,697

1,88

91,329

1,42

91.310

1,615

1,450

995

1,11

6

Fem

ales

1,85

24,

311

354

1,18

24,967

2,43

51,

027

954

1,65

93,

809

1,63

497

21,

217

1,78

22,

773

2,49

11,

889

1,742

1,946

2,22

21,695

1,659

1,479

1,600

1,510

1,11

7i,0

47

Mal

es

1,13

81,

674

2,62

1 29

149

119

129

302

2,48

742

5168

293

472

583

764

828

524

731

828

1,24

11,162

940

732

682

416

733

Tot

al

10,1

4522,973

1,52

9

14,4

901

9,44

3

25, 7

5214

,397

3,45

5

1,71

72,5

954,

732

4,27

63,

187

3,05

53,

643

4,11

13,024

3,08

82,

789

3,21

52,

960

2,11

22,

163

135289 6

2940 67

140

266

176

113

245

348

442

506

456

254

324

398

539

602

431

431

340

232

370

Tot

al

1,726

35 178

159

442

2,75

360

1281

538

820

1,025

1,270

1,284

778

1,05

51,

226

1,78

01,

764

1,37

11,

163

1,022

648

1,10

3

612 3

522

1,59

23,796

2,08

2 37 292,

388

3,45

31,

614

556

597

'549

450

2,05

1

Tot

al

7993 4

5,94

73 39 353,

883

5,95

53

970

970

986

796

3,68

9

187 1

389

1,267

3,15

11,444 2 6

1,495

2,503

1,118

414

373

437

346

1,63

8

Mal

es

790

1,19

6

1,240 85

2,79

21,

099

466

406

574

923

836

1,13

81,

234

1,50

21,

260

1,28

169

255

510

7212

357

107 17 8839

17

c50

140

203

296

210

195

446

476

225

144

162 95

121

294

1ô3 85

2,880

1,138

483

4553

7j43

1.,1.26

1,348

1,429

1,948

1,73

61,

507

836

717

202

333

651


TABLE V.—IMMIGRANT cfl'IZENS (THIRD CLASS PASSENGERS) FROM CERTAIN COUNTRIESTO JAPAN, BY COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE, 1908-24.

figuresHaw'aii Canada

190819091910191119121913191419151916

Hawaii Canada

9,5417,5838,0898,4148,8709,5109,2829,731

10,988

4,6413,7734,2574,5994,4404,8604,6035,4566,613

4,5073,3373,2043,1833,9223,6243,4353,0703,582

Year

1917191819191920192119221923'1924

Sum ofavailablefigures

12,22612,58418,11320,37618,74514,41210,78412,579

393473628632508

1,0261,2441,205

793

UnitedStates

6,2986,373

11,68512,21111,0598,5206,2568,173

4,0474,5564,6116,0966,2594,6823,3323,014

1,8811,6551,8172,0691,4271,2101,1961,392

TABLE VI.—IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF JAPANESE, INTO AND FROM FORMOSA,1898-1908.

189818991900190119021903

Immi-gration

13,21420,74320,99517,84113,82115,892

Re-patriation

3,0787,903

11,29114,05411,47813,149

Excess of im-migration over

emigration

10,13612,840970437872,3432,743

Immi-gration

1904 11,5641905 13,4271906 18,2781907 17,9661908 20,360

1Excess of irn-Re- migration overpatriatio emigration

12,155 59112,190 1,22712,391 5,88714,223 3,74314.393 5,967

U

TABLE VII.—EMIGRATI0N OF CITIZENS FROM KOREA4, 1911-24.

1911191219131914191519.161917

2,6354,2663,4544,5195,0635,0806,835

1918191919201921192219231924

4,7366,2794,2323,7712,5802,841

210


JAPAN 941

SOURCES

12é,sunzé statistique de t'Empire du Japon. Tokio, 1891, 1897, 1902.

Table II, (years 1884-98).

Information supplied by the Government (compiled from emigration data preparedby the Department of Foreign Affairs).

Tables I, [II, VI; II (1899-1924).

Grunefeld, Dr. E. Die Japanisthe Answanderunq. Tokio, 1913, p. 132. (Informa-tion supplied by the Department of Foreign Affairs.)

Table VII.

NOTES

IMigrants during the month of August 1923 are omitted, the records I or that month having beendestroyed.

2The figures of emigrants given in table II for the years 1898, 1902 and 1913 do not correspond withthe totals given in table III! for these years.

8Although these figures relate to emigrants proper, they are higher than those referring to passengersin table I.

'Including Japanese.

Documents

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