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The Cloud
The Cloud is a set of services and technologies that delivers real-time and on-demand computing resources
Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers pre-configured applications, usually through web browsers
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivers complete server and network infrastructure on-demand hosted by a cloud provider
Platform as a Service (PaaS) delivers a solution stack (like LAMP) tailored to certain application types
Cloud Providers Amazon AWS Most popular and largest provider PaaS and IaaS solutions Large number of Cloud datacenters and
services Rackspace Offers Windows and Linux Cloud servers Hybrid cloud model allows for half cloud,
half physical infrastructures Microsoft Windows Azure – Runs Windows and
Linux Has IaaS and PaaS offerings Many other providers, including leading
commodity hardware manufacturers
Benefits to the Cloud Costs No capital expenses, pay as you go
Scale on demand Ease of maintenance, simplified infrastructure Agility in responding to business needs Instances dedicated to UAT, new projects,
patch/upgrade testing created on demand Scripted deployments for fast server
creation and application installation New projects can have server assets in
place in hours versus weeks or months
Audit and regulatory requirements
Downsides to the Cloud Downtime Risks Amazon AWS major outages April 2011 - 36 hours, US East August 2011 – 1 hour, US East June 2012 – 6 hours, 14 hours, US
East
Major cloud providers have SSAE16/SAS70 reports, and are PCI-DSS Level 1 certified
Application expertise High throughput, high performance cloud
offerings are not as fast as traditional hardware Cloud server configurations are limited
Cloud Offerings – Amazon AWS
Amazon m1.xLarge
6.5 ECU, 2 cores
17.1GB RAM
1 Gb Network
420GB Storage
EC2 Storage
Amazon hi1.4xLarge
35 ECU, 8 cores
60.5GB RAM
10 Gb Network
2TB SSD Storage
EC2 Storage
1 ECU provides equivalent CPU to 1-1.2 Ghz 2007 Xeon
Cloud Architecture – Amazon
Elastic Load BalancingInternet
Availability ZoneUS East 1a
Security Group
EC2 InstanceOTM App/Web 01
EC2 Instance OTM App/Web 02
EC2 InstanceDatabase 01
EBS Volume
Security Group
Physical Servers - Commodity
Mid-tier DB
Intel X5675 3.07 Ghz
64GB RAM
1 Gb Network
5.8TB Storage
RAID 5, 15k RPM
Upper-tier DB
Intel E5-2665 2.4 Ghz
96GB RAM
1 Gb Network
6.3TB Storage
RAID 5, 10k RPM
Physical Servers - Commodity
Mid-tier Application
Intel E5630 2.53 Ghz
16GB RAM
1 Gb Network
900GB Storage
RAID 5, 10k RPM
Upper-tier Application
Intel E5-2643 3.3 Ghz
32GB RAM
1 Gb Network
900GB Storage
RAID 5, 15k RPM
Costs - Yearly On Demand
2 application/web and 1 database configuration
$0.00
$10,000.00
$20,000.00
$30,000.00
$40,000.00
$50,000.00
$60,000.00
$70,000.00
Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Rackspace Large
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Ongoing costs for hardware include power, colocation, and bandwidth
Costs – AWS Reserved
2 application/web and 1 database configuration
Ongoing costs for hardware include power, colocation, and bandwidth
$0.00
$10,000.00
$20,000.00
$30,000.00
$40,000.00
$50,000.00
$60,000.00
$70,000.00
Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Rackspace Large
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Costs – 3 Year TCO On Demand
2 application/web and 1 database configuration
$0.00
$20,000.00
$40,000.00
$60,000.00
$80,000.00
$100,000.00
$120,000.00
$140,000.00
Mid-tier hardware Upper-tierhardware
Amazon AWSLarge
Amazon AWS HighIO
Rackspace Large
Year 3
Year 2
Year 1
Ongoing costs for hardware include power, colocation, and bandwidth
Costs – 3 Year TCO with AWS Reserved
2 application/web and 1 database configuration
Ongoing costs for hardware include power, colocation, and bandwidth
$0.00
$20,000.00
$40,000.00
$60,000.00
$80,000.00
$100,000.00
$120,000.00
Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS HighIO
Rackspace Large
Year 3
Year 2
Year 1
Benchmarks
DaCapo – Simulates single threaded loads similar to bulk plans
VolanoMark – Simulates multi-threaded, high subsystem I/O loads similar to agent processing, also simulates web traffic
HammerOra – TPCC style Oracle OLTP database benchmark, 70% read 30% write
DaCapo
Lower score is better
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Rackspace Large Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware
Average ScoreTim
e (M
illis
econ
ds)
VolanoMark
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
Rackspace Large Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware
Average Score
Average Per Core
Higher score is better
Con
nect
ions
per
sec
ond
HammerOra
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 32 34 36
Tran
sact
ions
per
Min
ute
(Hig
her i
s be
tter
)
Amazon AWS Large
Amazon AWS High IO
Rackspace Large
Mid-tier hardware
Upper-tier hardware
Virtual Users
Cost vs Performance - DaCapo
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Rackspace Large Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware
1 Year On Demand
1 Year Reserved
Higher score is better
Cost vs Performance - VolanoMark
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Rackspace Large Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware
On Demand
AWS Reserved
Higher score is better
Cost vs Performance - HammerOra
Higher score is better
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Rackspace Large Amazon AWS Large Amazon AWS High IO Mid-tier hardware Upper-tier hardware
On Demand
AWS Reserved
Overall Cost vs Performance
AWS reserved instances make current Cloud cost/performance exceed hardware in some cases Database performance per dollar spent is
higher on hardware Storage I/O is the leading factor
Cost vs performance plays to the Cloud’s existing strengths – horizontally scaled applications
RDBMS and other applications that benefit from vertical scale are less cost efficient currently in the cloud
Disaster Recovery on AWS
Availability ZoneUS East 1a
EC2 InstanceOTM App/Web 01
EC2 Instance OTM App/Web 02
Security Group
EC2 InstanceDatabase 01
EBS Volume
Security Group
Route 53 Hosted Zone
Availability ZoneUS West 1a
EC2 InstanceOTM App/Web 01
EC2 InstanceOTM App/Web 02
EC2 InstanceDatabase 01
EBS Volume
Security Group
Elastic Load Balancing
Security Group
Mirroring / Replication
Elastic Load Balancing
Internet
Active DNS
OTM Benefits and Usage Development and Test Systems – Agility of
the cloud without the need for high performance Lower costs if reserved AWS servers are
used and if servers are powered off off-hours
Upgrade testing – Test new OTM versions without impacting existing development cycles
Disaster Recovery Running versus non-running billing for
AWS DR system is potentially lower throughput Replicate databases, do not launch app
servers until needed Training – Train users on cloud systems to avoid impacting development cycles
OTM Benefits and Usage Con’t
High Performance Production – Cloud performance still lags behind hardware
Support – Cloud technology is still new, bugs and support difficulties may exist Amazon and Oracle joint support
agreement for EC2 applications Amazon RDS and Oracle Future licensing
Troubleshooting Opacity – Opacity to upstream issues can make troubleshooting OTM performance more difficult
Vendor certification/POC – Validate new OTM related products with lower startup costs
Future Cloud Growth AWS prices are reduced 2-3 times per year,
on average Amazon High I/O instance is the benchmark
for near-future Cloud performance Google has joined the Cloud market with
Google Cloud Platform Growth trends through 2010 show a faster
decrease in Cloud resource prices than corresponding hardware, excluding storage
Future generations of enterprise applications will be tailored to cloud deployments, both public and private