This Learning Seminar is available through a professional courtesy provided by: Rainguard International Products 3334 East Coast Highway, Box #143 Corona

This Learning Seminar is available through a professional

courtesy provided by:

Rainguard Internati onal Products3334 East Coast Highway, Box #143

Corona Del Mar, CA 92625Tel: 949-515-8800

Fax: 949-675-3450Toll-Free: 1-888-765-7070

Email: [email protected] Web: www.rainguard.com

©2005 Weatherman Products, Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by Weatherman Products, Inc. and remains their property. Questions or concerns about the content of this course should be directed to the prog ram instructor.

Anti-Graffiti Coatings and Graffiti Removal Technology

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Anti-Graffiti Coatings

Understanding Graffi ti

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Understanding Graffiti

Introduction

• The term graffi ti is derived from the Italian words "graffi to", meaning an "incised inscripti on", and "graffi are", meaning "to scratch".

• Modern day graffi ti has its originsin New York City's gang and Hip Hop subculture of the 1970s and 1980s.

• A lthough some consider it a form of artistic expression, graffi ti is typically defi ned as unauthorized writi ng or drawing on a public surface.

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Types of Graffi ti

There are three general types of graffiti:

• Tag: Most basic type of graffi ti . Typically involves stylized scrawl done in a single color of paint, typically the writers name

• Throw-Up: Quickly done bubble letters or very simple pieces using only 2 colors.

• Piece: Graffi ti "masterpiece" using at least 3 colors of paint.

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Graffi ti Terminology

• Tagger: The term used to refer to individuals who do basic tags and throw-ups, as opposed to more complicated pieces. Taggers who never piece are sometimes called "scribblers" by more experienced "writers".

• Crew: Group of taggers with their own disti nct name or tag that work together in the same area.

• Bomb: Refers to the act of covering an area with graffi ti (e.g. bombing) or to a large tag or throw-up. Similar to "hitt ing", which means covering a surface with paint or ink. When a surface is covered with tags, it is "hit up" or "ki l led".

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Some Graffi ti Facts

• It is a common mispercepti on that most graffi ti is gang-related when in fact, gangs account for less than 1 0 % - 1 5 % of all graffi ti . About 5 0 % of graffi ti vandalism is committ ed by suburban males in their early teens to early twenties, however graffi ti vandals come from every social, ethnic, and economic background.

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Some Graffi ti Facts

• There are four general categories of graffi ti : tagging, satanic/hate, gang, and generic (e.g. non-threatening messages like "Bobby loves Suzy" or "Class of 2000"). Tagging graffiti is the most common form, estimated at 80% of all tagging activity, it is more ornate, whereas gang graffi ti uses symbols.

• Estimates are high as $15 - $18 billion per year to clean up graffi ti across the United States. Immediate removal of graffi ti , within 24 to 48 hours, is the key to successful graffi ti preventi on. It has been found that community murals are rarely defaced by graffi ti and instill a sense of pride among those who live nearby.

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Art or Vandalism?

• Some people believe that graffi ti has artistic value and that taggers should be considered artists rather than criminals or vandals.

• Others insist that graffi ti is illegal, and that taggers engage in acts of vandalism, defacing public property.

• Whether you consider it to be art or vandalism, the fact remains that billions of dollars are spent annually on graffi ti abatement and removal.

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Graffi ti is graffi ti when it is not permitted by the building owner!

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Effects of Graffi ti on Property Values

Graffi ti destroys property values in three overlapping and escalati ng waves:

• Phase 1: The first phase involves the cost of graffi ti removal, which is easy to quanti fy. It has been shown that commercial properti es fall in value by$10,000 for every $1,000 spent annually in graffi ti remediation.

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Effects of Graffi ti on Property Values

• Phase 2: The second phase involves the surrounding area. Studies have shown that graffi ti also lowers property values throughout the graffi ti -infected area by 1.6% for every 10% increase in property damage reported to the police.

• Phase 3: The third phase affects the enti re neighborhood. When normal society relinquishes control of graffi ti -bombed neighborhoods, property misdemeanors spawn major crime. When an area reaches its "violent crime" threshold and is perceived as an unsafe place to live, property values can fall by up to 40%.

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Graffi ti Abatement Initiatives

• City of Los Angeles: The city of Los Angeles requires all new constructi on to possess a graffiti-resistant coati ng. This requirement has deterred taggers. Each property owner is also responsible for maintaining their property, free of graffi ti damage.

• New York and New Jersey Port Authority: In an eff ort to maintain the value of buildings, both residenti al and commercial, surrounding densely populated areas, the New York and New Jersey Port Authoriti es have mandated strict adherence to graffi ti coati ng application and removal of tags within 48 hours.

• Home Depot: Recognizing the need not to allow graffiti to decrease the value of its properti es and the need to project a solid image within the community, Home Depot has specifi ed graffi ti-resistant coati ngs and strict maintenance guidelines to effectively remove any tagging within 24 hours.

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How to Respond to Graffi ti ?

• Paint Over: The most common form of removing graffi ti vandalism and although short run the least expensive, paint overs can be more expensive if graffi ti is recurring. Unless an entire wall is repainted, paint overs encourage new tags in the “canvas frame” created with the paint over

• Remove with Chemicals: There are a wide variety of chemicals available and care should be exercised in selecting the proper one. Chemical removal is not always successful and can leave a “shadow” outlining where the graffiti was, leaving permanent damage.

. • Replacement: Only economically practi cal with small objects such as street

signs when damage can’t be painted over, chemically removed, cleaned off.

• Anti -Graffi ti Coati ng: Install ing a protecti ve barrier coati ng over the surface can be an eff ecti ve approach to preventi ng permanent surface damage from tags and least costly in the long run.

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Graffi ti Removal Challenges

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Graffiti Removal Challenges

Introduction

• In general, surfaces that are tagged by graffi ti can be divided into two categories (painted and unpainted), which are comprised of porous, non- porous and sensitive materials.

• On surfaces that have not been treated with an anti-graffi ti coati ng, graffi ti removal that does not damage the appearance of the substrate is virtually impossible.

• The absorpti on of organic solvent- borne paints into porous surfaces, such as concrete, presents the most formidable challenge for removal.

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In contrast to latex paints, which are mostly water, spray paints contain large amounts of organic solvents, making them particularly invasive.

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Porous Substrates

• Concrete and brick: Are highly-porous and heterogeneous materials. When aerosol spray paint is applied to the surface, the paint microspheres quickly migrate into the surface pores, penetrati ng the surface layer. For integrally-colored substrates, tagging is impossible to remove without damaging the surface, leaving shadows, etch marks, and/or degradati on of mortar joints.

• Stone: Natural stones, such as granite, marble, and sandstone are also highly porous materials. Removing graffi ti from sandstone is parti cularly challenging due to its high profi le-relief. Tagging is impossible to remove without leaving shadows, etch marks and/or degradati on of mortar joints.

• Stucco, Plaster, and EIFS: Integrally-colored stucco, plaster, and EIFS surfaces are exposed to a high absorpti on of tagging materials, making them virtually impossible to remove. Painted surfaces can be destroyed during the cleaning process. In most cases, a recoati ng of the enti re surface is the only alternati ve.

• Wood: Tagging materials will permanently penetrate unpainted wood. The only alternative available is to recoat the surface

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Non-Porous Substrates

• Plastic: Althoug h plastic is one of the easiest surfaces to clean, tagging many ti mes will result in a shadow. Essentially pigments in the tagging materials react with pigments in the plastic, l ightening or darkening the original color.

• Metal: In many cases, tagg ing materials will permanently etch the metal and leave a "g h osti ng" effect. This ghosti ng eff ect will become less visible over ti me, however it will not disappear enti rely unless the surface is recoated.

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Sensitive Substrates

• Plexig las: Although Plexiglas is a non-porous substrate, it can be diffi cult to satisfactorily remove graffi ti without damaging the integrity of the plastic. While there are several types of graffiti-removal agents available that are capable of removing the graffi ti , they may render the Plexiglas opaque.

• Road Signs: Graffi ti removal from road signs can produce mixed results. Organic solvents in spray paint can att ack a road sign's clear coat, causing irreversible damage. Silk-screen processed road signs are oft en damaged during graffi ti removal, whereas some types of reflective coatings remain intact.



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Graffi ti Removal Techniques

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Graffiti Removal Techniques

Introduction

There are several different techniques that can be used to remove graffi ti :

• Mechanical

• Dry Abrasive

• Water Blasting

• Laser Technology

• Chemical

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Choosing a Removal Option

The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for Manual Graffiti Removal Technology

Technique Ideal Conditions Advantages Disadvantages

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• May damag e and discolour non porous and sensitive substrate surfaces

• Time consuming

• Expeditious• Eradicates most defacing

materials

• Porous substrates• Well venti lated

areas (outdoors)

Mechanical

• Expensive and time consuming (still being developed)

• Is a g entle alternative for sensitive substrates

• Interiors• Historical masonry

Laser Technology

• Damages sacrificial anti g raffiti coatings• Time consuming• May damage sensitive substrates

• Cost effective• Expeditious

• Porous substratesWater Blasting

• May g ive rise to airborne particles• Damages sacrificial anti g raffiti coatings• May scar substrate surface, creating g reater surface

area for pollutants to collect• May remove protective surface of masonry, resulting

in increased water permeability, accelerated weathering, and deteriorati on

• Expeditious• Porous Substrates (masonry, concrete)

• Well venti lated areas (outdoors)

Dry Abrasive

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Chemical Graffi ti Removal

• Due to regulatory changes lowering allowable VOC emissions, the use of organic solvents although effective for graffi ti removal has been greatly reduced.

• Today, solvent-borne and water- based formulati ons with much lower concentrati ons have become the primary means for graffi ti removal.

• The type and viscosity of chemical remover used will depend on the type of substrate (e.g. sensitive) and its porosity (e.g. porous, non-porous).

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Factors to Consider

• Substrate: The type of substrate will infl uence the choice of chemical remover. For instance, NMP may be too aggressive for graffiti-removal on highly sensitive substrates, such as Plexiglas or road signs.

• Porosity: Some substrates, such as concrete or masonry, are more porous than other substrates, such as plastic or metal. Non-porous substrates typically require less harsh removers, such as water-based or citrus-based chemical removers.

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Applicati on Procedures

• The porosity of the substrate and type of coati ng (if any), will determine the type of graffi ti -removal agent necessary. It is always a good idea to apply the chosen removal agent to a test patch in order to ensure that it is effective at removing the graffi ti without causing damage to the underlying substrate.

• Graffi ti -removal agents are typically applied using a brush, roller, or sprayer and are allowed a dwell time as determined by the test patch, or in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendati ons.

• Repeat applicati ons, with or without some gentle scrubbing with a sti ff bristle brush, may be required for particularly resistant graffi ti . Lift ed graffi ti is fl ushed from the substrate by rinsing with soap/detergents and water (non-porous substrates) or pressure washing with hot or cold water (porous substrates).

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Choosing a Chemical Graffiti Remover

The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for Chemical Graffiti Removers

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• Is prone to deactivation when exposed to water• May damage sensitive substrates

• Non flammable• Non combusti ble• Excellent solvency

• Concrete, masonry substrates

NMPN-methylpyrrolidoneOrganic solvent

• Non toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly

• Expeditious, fast acting

• Porous and sensitive substrates (historical masonry)

Water Based

• Ineffective at removing permanent marker/felt ti p pen g raffiti

• Expeditious• Effectively removes latex

paint pigm ents


Citrus BasedD-l imonene, g lycol ethers, surfactants

DisadvantagesAdvantagesIdeal ConditionsType

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Anti-Graffi ti Coatings

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Introduction

• A nti -graffi ti coati ngs are classified into two broad groups:

• Permanent coati ngs provide a tough and chemically resistant fi lm that is diffi cult for graffi ti to adhere to.

• T emporary or sacrificial coati ngs are designed to be removed with the graffi ti and then re-applied to refresh the system

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Common Myths

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Yel low O ver Time: Some permanent systems may yellow over ti me if they do not allow the substrate to transfer moisture. This is primarily an issue with coati ngs that provide non-sti cking capabiliti es. More sophisti cated coati ngs are able to provide a non-yellowing, UV-resistant anti -graffi ti coati ng.

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Are Not Durable: Permanent anti -graffiti coatings are designed to penetrate the surface of porous substrates, providing a durable and long-lasti ng finish that is not damaged by repeated cleanings.

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Are Diffi cult To Apply: Today's permanent and temporary anti -graffi ti coati ngs are typically applied in 1 to 3 coats, using a brush, roller, or sprayer. Some are easy to apply, do not require component mixing, and have a low VOC content, making them safe and environmentally friendly.

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Common Myths Cont 'd…

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Are Expensive: Anti -graff iti coatings are considered to be one of the most cost-effective methods of graffi ti control. Some permanent water-based copolymer coati ngs can cost as litt le as $0.30 / sq. ft .

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Do Not Stop Tagging: Both permanent and temporary anti -graffi ti coati ngs allow graffi ti to be removed quickly and effi ciently. Research has shown that removing graffi ti within 24 hours effectively eliminates any audience for the tagger's vandalism and provides a disincentive to return.

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Change the Look of the Surface Too Much : Most anti-graffi ti coatings come with a high gloss sheen level which can negatively impact the look of a building and have limited their use when a change in visual look of the surface is undesirable. There are however a few product alternatives available with a low gloss or matte finish to minimize changes in appearance.

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Common Myths Cont 'd…

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Cannot Be Painted: Certain types of permanent water- based cross-linking copolymer anti -graffi ti coati ngs can be used on previously painted or unpainted substrates, and may be painted over. Other types of graffi ti coati ngs need to be completely removed before repainti ng the building.

• A nti -Graffi ti Coati ngs Are Not Necessary- Graffi ti Can Just Be Painted Over: Painti ng over graffi ti offers a quick soluti on for limited substrates but only masks the problem where anti graffiti coati ngs behave as a preventative measure. Research has shown that illegal graffi ti can also reoccur if the resulti ng painted patch is visible on the substrate surface, as it provides a frame for the vandal’s work and thus invites further defacement. Paint is also limited in its capabiliti es to provide a substantial barrier between the substrate surface and defacing material, as paint pigments can potenti ally be absorbed by certain types of vandalism agents (including marker pens and permanent markers) and result in a ‘ghosted’ effect.




Applicati ons

Anti -graffi ti coati ngs are suitable for a variety of substrates and applicati ons.

Anti -graffi ti coati ngs can be used whenever maintaining property values is important (whether or not graffi ti vandalism is a concern).

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• Dense Masonry• Porous Masonry• Metal Surfaces• Wood Surfaces• Stucco Surfaces• A ggregate Surfaces• EIFS Surfaces

• Stone Surfaces• Vertical Surfaces• New Surfaces• Painted Surfaces• Interior Surfaces• Exterior Surfaces




Permanent vs. Temporary Coati ngs

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Permanent Coati ngs (Non-Sacrifi cial)

• Multiple graffi ti removals

• Tough and durable• Chemically resistant• Can be D iffi cult to

recoat• Not breathable• Very low perm rates

Temporary Coati ngs (Sacrif icial)

• Removed along with graffi ti

• Requires refreshment• Less chemically

resistant• Easily recoated• Breathable• Higher perm rates



Choosing an Anti-Graffiti Coating Option

The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for Permanent (Non Sacrificial) Anti Graffi ti Coati ngs

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• Inorganic• Can be expensive

• Long term effectiveness (graff iti is easily removed after coating cures)

• UV Resistant


Water Based Silicones

• Lack of breathabil ity may cause peeling and premature failure if applied to porous substrates with a high moisture content

• Most give substrate a glossy surface• Relatively expensive

• Smooth, resin r ich surface h inders mag ic marker and spray paint graff iti

• Steel structures (rail cars, bridges, doors)

• Non ferrous metal and concrete substrates

Polyurethanes

• Resists yellowing/aging• Environmentally friendly• Mold, mildew resistant• Cost effective, easy to apply

• Damp climates• Previously painted

(and unpainted) substrates

Cross Linking Copolymers

• Gives substrate glossy, wet fi nish• Low permeability – breathability issues• Can be expensive

• Chemically resistant• Provides low adhesion for

defacing materials

• Damp climatesWater Based Epoxy Silicones

• Expensive• Is not compatible with existing coatings, bare steel,

and damp substrates

• Breathable• UV and chemically

resistant

• Porous substrates (brick, block, concrete, stucco, wood)

RTV Silicone Rubber

Technique DisadvantagesIdeal Conditions Advantages

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Choosing an Anti-Graffiti Coating Option

The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for Permanent (Non Sacrificial) Anti Graffi ti Coati ngs

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• Provides minimal and uncertain protection against graffiti • Inexpensive• Provides water repellency

• Porous bare surfaces Silicone Emulsions

• Expensive• Combustible, generate flammable vapors• Must be applied with brush, roller with no-atomizing

spray

• Excellent graffiti protection

• Easy removal

• Bare concrete surfaces

Fluorosilanes

Technique DisadvantagesIdeal Conditions Advantages

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Choosing an Anti-Graffiti Option

The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for Temporary (Sacrificial) Anti Graffi ti Coati ngs

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• Requires regular reapplication• Cost effective• Unobtrusive (provides clear

film resistant to yellowing)• Graffi ti easily removed with

hot water

• Fairly versatileWater Based Wax Coatings

• Contain starches which may render substrate sensitive to mildew growth and insect infestati on, particularly in humid environments

• Requires reapplication

• Non toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly

• Expeditious

• Dry climatesWater Based Polysaccharides

• Requires reapplication• Provides substantial and durable barrier against graffiti

• Protects longer than most sacrificial graffi ti coati ngs

• Exterior porous substrates (concrete, brick, stucco)

Water Based Polymers

DisadvantagesAdvantagesIdeal ConditionsTechnique

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Cleaning Procedures

• Graffi ti can be removed from sacrificial coati ngs using low-pressure hot water (180°F - 190°F) not exceeding 800 to 900 PSI. Surfaces should be cleaned from top to bott om allowing the temperature of the water to heat the wall and the pressure to carry away the graffi ti defacement.

• A ll areas that have been stripped of their sacrificial coati ng should be noted and allowed to damp dry prior to reapplying a fresh sacrif icial coati ng, slightly overlapping the previously coated surfaces not removed by hot water blasti ng.

• For permanent coati ngs, graffi ti should be removed using a manufacturer- approved cleaning soluti on. It is typically recommended that graffi ti be removed within 2 to 3 weeks of tagging. Other methods of graffi ti-removal, such as abrasive blasti ng may damage the anti -graffi ti coati ng.

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Coverage Rates

• Coverage rates will depend upon the whether the coati ng is permanent or sacrificial and the type and porosity of the substrate.

• Sacrificial coati ngs require 1 to 2 coats, while permanent coati ngs typically require 2 to 3 coats.

• The use of fl uted or scored block, or raked joints will increase surface areas by 20% to 30% or more and decrease coverage rates.

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Type of Substrate

Sacrificial (ft2/gallon)

Permanent (ft2/gallon)

Porous 140-150 (1) 200-300

Substrates 200-300 (2) per coat

Dense 150-175 (1) 250-400


Painted 150-175 (1) 275-325





Environmentally-Approved Products

• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established maximum volati le organic compound (VOC) emissions for anti-graffi ti coatings at 600 grams per liter. Individual states can adopt EPA guidelines or establish their own, tougher VOC emission standards. Other VOC standards include the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) for New England, Mid-Atlantic and Mid Western states, California Air Resources Board (CARB) in California and South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in the Los Angeles area.

• In some cases, manufacturers of architectural coati ngs may exceed EPA guidelines by paying an "overage fee". However, the overage fee only relates to product acti vity in the state of manufacture & does allow for stocking, sale, or application of non- compliant coati ngs in other states. In some cases, the EPA, working with local and regional air emission boards, has fi ned not only the distributors and contractors that applied the coati ng, but also the architects who specifi ed it.

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Standards

• The graffi ti-resistance of anti -graffi ti coati ngs can be evaluated based on a series of laboratory tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D6578-00, "Standard Practice for Determinati on of Graffi ti Resistance". Graffi ti resistance is based on how a defi ned set of markings is removed by a defi ned set of cleaning agents.

• The test involves applying the anti -graff iti coati ng to aluminum panels, al lowing it to dry as per manufacturer's recommendati ons, and then applying one of four common graffi ti marking materials (solvent-based ink marker, solvent-based spray paint, water-based ink marker, or blue/black wax crayon) to the surface.

• The coati ng is considered "repellent" if the marking material does not "wet out" the test surface. If the material is not repellent, a series of cleaning agents are used to try to remove it, in order of increasing aggressiveness: dry cloth; mild detergent; citrus cleaner; isopropanol; and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).

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Standards

• The Cleanability Level of a parti cular anti -graffi ti coating is determined by the agent that first removes the graffi ti . For instance, a Cleanability Level 1 means that graffi ti material can be removed with a dry cloth; Cleanability Level 2 means that graffi ti material can be removed with a mild detergent, etc.

• Because the graffi ti-resistance of a coati ng can change over ti me, the ASTM practice covers the evaluati on of anti -graffi ti coati ngs that are freshly applied, artificially weathered in a laboratory, and naturally weathered outdoors.

• When evaluati ng the performance of anti -graffi ti coati ngs, more weight should be given to graffi ti-resistance aft er natural weathering. Also, it is important to note that the tests are performed on a smooth surface and that the Cleanability Level of a coati ng will be affected by the roughness of the substrate.

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Specifying Anti-Graffi ti Coatings

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Specifying Anti-Graffiti Coatings

Part 1: General

• A pplicati on of anti -graffi ti coati ngs should be performed by an experienced and manufacturer-approved applicator in strict accordance with the manufacturer's recommendati ons. A t no ti me should the number of coats or coverage rate be less than that recommended by the manufacturer.

• A nti -graffi ti coati ngs should be delivered to the job site in the manufacturer's original containers, with seals unbroken. Containers should be properly labeled.

• A ll materials should be kept protected from the elements and stored in their original, unopened containers in order to prevent contaminati on by foreign materials. In climates where freezing temperatures have existed prior to applicati on, allow adequate ti me for surfaces to thaw.

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Part 2: Products

• A first coat applicati on of a water repellant coati ng is recommended for all new unpainted masonry and concrete surfaces in order to enhance the long-term performance of permanent and sacrificial anti -graffi ti coatings. Specify a product compati ble w ith the selected anti -graffi ti coati ng.

• Only specify anti -graffi ti coati ngs that are VOC-compliant for where the project is located, do not increase substrate fl ammability, and will not support the growth of mildew, mold, fungus, or bacteria. Require the contractor to supply a suffi cient amount of manufacturer-approved cleaning agent to the client upon job completi on.

• It is important to specify coatings that are versatile (i.e. can be applied over paint and can be painted over), non-yellowing, and low-sheen (minimizes changes to surface appearance). Ensure that the coati ng will not leave a shadow aft er cleaning and that Cleanability Levels meet project requirements.

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Part 3: Executi on

• Remove all surface contaminati on using high-pressure water, chemical cleaning, abrasive blasti ng, or mechanical methods, such as wire brushing, scraping or sanding, to remove any coati ngs, grime, dirt, oils, effl orescence, alkali, acid residue, or chalk, that may impair the adhesion of the anti -graffi ti coati ng.

• A ll surfaces to be coated shall be structurally sound, clean and dry. Repair all cracks, voids, defects, and damaged surfaces using the proper materials prior to applying the anti -graffi ti coati ng.

• A lways apply material to a mock wall, test panel, test wall, or actual surface area to determine acceptable color, surface porosity, applicati on rates and applicati on methods prior to starti ng general applicati on. All test or sample surfaces should be approved prior to general applicati on.

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Part 3: Executi on Cont 'd…

• New masonry, stucco and concrete surfaces should be allowed to cure for 30 days to neutralize alkalinity and release residual moisture. Freshly painted surfaces should be allowed to fully cure according to the paint manufacturer’s recommendati ons prior to the application of the anti -graffi ti coati ng.

• Follow manufacturers instructions to achieve a uniform, pinhole-free, conti nuous fi lm. Al low coati ng to dry and become clear before applying subsequent coats. Do not apply to surfaces below 45°F or above 90°F. Do not apply in direct sun, or windy weather, or if relative humidity is greater than 80%.

• A nti -graffi ti coati ngs provide a maintenance-free surface. Lightly sprayed water is typically suffi cient to clean the surface of any dust or dirt accumulati on. Light brushing of the surface with a soft bristle brush is acceptable, however chemical washing should not be conducted without manufacturer's approval.

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Additional Resources

If you require additi onal informati on on graffi ti preventi on and the use of anti -graffi ti coati ngs, please visit:

ASTM Internati onal www.astm.org

Society for Protective Coati ngs www.sspc.org

Graffiti Resource Council www.anti -graffi ti .org

Graffi ti Hurts www.graffi ti hurts.org

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http://www.astm.org/

http://www.sspc.org/

Documents

This Learning Seminar is available through a professional courtesy provided by: Rainguard International Products 3334 East Coast Highway, Box #143 Corona