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cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Effective Pedagogy
Curriculum Design
Management Techniques
Instructional Methodology
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
This isn’t a “new” thing…
How do we do these even better?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Important Research cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Attention and Refocus Signal
n Move to the front and center of the room. n Announce 2me remaining in ac2vity. n Count down last 3 seconds out loud. n At “Zero” we are ready to go.
n I’ll just wait, as needed . . .
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Effective teachers are made, not born.
Do you agree or disagree?
What’s the role of talent?
What’s the role of deliberate practice?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Most people are satisfied with competence, and never strive for expertise.
Do you agree or disagree?
2
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
“…it is reasonable to expect all teachers to increase their expertise from year to year.”
Do you agree or disagree?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Have an effect on
people in a positive way
Have some autonomy over
your work
Get involved in something
complex, and get good
at it
Happiness and Motivation
Purpose
Autonomy
Deci and Ryan
Daniel Pink
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Great Educators . . .
n Are first and foremost learners who have a teachable spirit.
n Are constantly looking to improve their skills in the craB of teaching and learning.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Improving Learning
What do we know? What can we do?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Factors that Correlate to Student Achievement Rates
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
• Educa2on Level of Parents • Economics (poverty-‐affluence)
• Language Acquisi2on • Mobility
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
What can we control as a school?
The quality of teaching in our classrooms.
3
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
“What Matters Very Much is Which Classroom?”� � “If a student is in one of the most effective classrooms, he/she will learn in 6 months what those in an average classroom will take a year to learn. And if a student is in one of the least effective classrooms in that school, the same amount of learning takes 2 years.” �
�Deborah Loewenberg Ball, Dean of Education, University of Michigan
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Advanced ED
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
What is it that maFers in both school and district leadership?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Three CriIcal IntervenIons (Commitments)
n A system of clear learning goals connected to student feedback and evaluaIon at the classroom, school, and district levels
n Ensuring effecIve teaching in every classroom
n Building background knowledge for all students
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Learning Goals and Feedback Rules and Procedures
INVOLVES ROUTINES
ENACTED ON THE SPOT
Student Engagement
High Expecta2ons
Teacher/Stude
nt Rela2
onships Adherence to Rules and Procedures
Genera2ng/ Tes2ng
Hypotheses
Prac2cing and
Deepening
Interac2ng With New Knowledge
The Art and Science of Teaching
ADDRESSES CONTENT IN SPECIFIC WAYS
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
QuesIon 6: What will I do to establish or maintain classroom rules and
procedures?
n ASOT Ac2on Steps (text pp. 117–130) n Teacher scales for reflec2ve prac2ce, (pp. 19)
4
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Segments that are rou2ne components of every lesson n Rules and procedures (Q 6) n Communica2ng learning goals (Q1) n Tracking student progress (Q1) n Celebra2ng success (Q1)
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Without effective rules and procedures, teaching (and consequently learning) is
inhibited.
Robert Marzano “The Art and Science of Teaching”
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Stephen Covey says,
“What is common sense is not necessarily common pracIce.”
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Solo Thinking What are some key rules and procedures teachers need to establish in classrooms? Make a list of some that you use or think are cri2cal for a successful learning environment.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
POWER VS.
PURPOSE
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Four Part AFenIon Signal
5
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Grouping and Regrouping Strategies
Aden2on Signal Transi2on Signal
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Age = AFenIon Span
n Change of state needed… n Tops out at 18-‐20 minutes… n Adult learners need change also… n 3 ways we will group and regroup…
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Close Partners
n When I say go . . .
n Find a group of 2 or 3 with people sihng near you but not directly next to you—roughly seven steps away in any one direc2on.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Elbow Partners
n People within elbow reach—groups of 2-‐3
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Table Family
n Your tablemates . . .
6
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Across the Room Partners
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
EffecIve Seatwork
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
RouInes and Procedures . . .
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
AcIon Steps
n Periodically review rules and procedures, making changes as necessary.
n Use classroom mee2ngs.
Teacher scales for reflec2ve prac2ce, pp. 19
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Learning Goals and Feedback
Rules and Procedures
INVOLVES ROUTINES
The Art and Science of Teaching
We are here!
7
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Segments that are rouIne components of every lesson
n Rules and procedures (Q 6) n CommunicaIng learning goals (Q1) n Tracking student progress-‐-‐feedback (Q1) n Celebra2ng success (Q1)
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
How do we communicate learning goals and give meaningful feedback to
students?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
CreaIng a proficiency scale
p. 12
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Please place the following in order of complexity.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
o Explain the body’s most important dietary needs.
o Recognize healthy vs. unhealthy foods given a list.
o Discuss what would happen to the body if one of its needs was not met. (i.e. What would happen if the body received no calcium for an extended period of time?)
The student will:
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
o Write compound-complex sentences in isolation.
o Write a simple sentence with a subject and a predicate.
o Write a variety of complete sentences with fluidity.
The student will:
8
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Scales vs. Rubrics
o Scales are more than rubrics…
o Have scores corresponding to levels of cogni2on required by the learner.
o Designed with levels of cogni2on for planning purposes.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
4 In addition to exhibiting level 3 performance, in-depth inferences and applications that go BEYOND what was taught in class
3 No major errors or omissions regarding any of the information and/or processes (SIMPLE OR COMPLEX) that were explicitly taught
2 No major errors or omissions regarding the SIMPLER details and processes BUT major errors or omissions regarding the more complex ideas and processes
1 With HELP, a partial knowledge of some of the simpler and complex details and processes
0 Even with help, no understanding or skill demonstrated
Proficiency Scale
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Atmospheric Processes and Water Cycle
4 Infer relationships regarding atmospheric processes and the water cycle
3 An explanation of: • How the water cycle processes impact climate changes • The effects of temperature and pressure in different layers of Earth’s atmosphere
2 • Recognize and recall basic terms such as: climatic patterns, atmospheric layers, stratosphere, troposphere. • Recognize or recall isolated details such as:
• Precipitation is one of the processes of the water cycle. • The troposphere is one of the lowest portions of the Earth’s atmosphere. cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Scale Development o Work with your elbow partner(s). o Tell and write Ime from analog and digital clocks to the nearest five minutes, using a.m. and p.m.
o What skills and knowledge must be in place in order to a"ain mastery of this priority standard?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Scale&Worksheet&&
Score&4.0&–&more&complex&Demonstrations&of&learning&that&go&above&and&beyond&what&was&explicitly&taught&
&&&&
&&
Score&3.0&–&the&learning&goal&or&expectation&&&&&&&&&
Score&2.0&–&the&simpler&stuff&Foundational&knowledge,&simpler&procedures,&isolated&details,&vocabulary&
&&&&&&&&
Score&1.0&With&help,&the&student&can&perform&Score&2.0&and&3.0&expectations&
&Score&0.0&
Even&with&help,&the&student&cannot&perform&expectations&&
&
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
9
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
A few aha’s . . . n Some2mes you’ll find that certain standards do not have mul2ple levels.
n You see the tasks add the clarity to the knowledge and skills.
n Going to a 4 level, does NOT mean “ripping off” next year’s curriculum.
n Consider the verbs and the context in which the verbs are used as the way to increase your levels.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Marzano Research Laboratory is here to help!
n Website n hdp://www.marzanoresearch.com
n Free resources n Sample proficiency scales
n We also provide: n Sample scale reviews and feedback n Sample assessment reviews and feedback n Full scale wri2ng
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Learning Goals and Feedback
Rules and Procedures
INVOLVES ROUTINES
The Art and Science of Teaching
We’re sIll here!
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Segments that are rouIne components of every lesson n Rules and procedures (Q 6) n Communica2ng learning goals (Q1) n Tracking student progress (Q1) n Celebra2ng success (Q1)
10
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
AcIon Step
Have students chart their progress on each learning goal.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Having Students Chart Progress on Learning Goals
n 48 experimental–control studies were conducted at Marzano Research Laboratory.
n This prac2ce is associated with a 32-‐percen2le point gain in student achievement.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Deb Pickering.
2008
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Spelling Test Scores
60 62 50
84 84
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
11
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Is it EVER appropriate to track class progress?
Please offer an example if your answer is “yes.”
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Polleverywhere.com
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Segments that are rouIne components of every lesson n Rules and procedures (Q 6) n Communica2ng learning goals (Q1) n Tracking student progress (Q1) n CelebraIng success (Q1)
What do you do to celebrate student success?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
o Knowledge gain is the currency of student success in a forma2ve assessment system.
o When knowledge gain has been recognized, it can be legi2mately celebrated.
Recognize and Celebrate Growth
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Note Taking and Summarizing
What usually happens when you ask students
to summarize?
12
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
What does the research say?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Category Ave. Effect Size
Percentile gain
Identifying similarities and differences
1.61
45
Note taking and summarizing
1.00
34
Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
.80
29
Homework and practice .77
28
Nonlinguistic representations
.75
27
Cooperative learning
.73
27
Setting objectives/providing feedback
.61
23
Generating and testing hypotheses
.61
23
Questions, cues, and advance organizers
.59
22
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Powerful Skills
“Note taking and summarizing are two of the most powerful skills students can cul2vate. They provide students with the tools for iden2fying and understanding the most important aspects of what they are learning.”
Robert Marzano
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Unfortunately . . .
where this powerful skill is concerned, we oBen make assump2ons regarding students’ abili2es.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Kids Aren’t Born Knowing How To Summarize…
n Teach your students how to summarize.
n Many teachers say: “Summarize what we’ve learned today.” But they don’t do direct instruc2on (that means teaching) on summarizing.
n So, if they can’t do it, teach them!
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Don’t assume your students know how to summarize or take notes!
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
13
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
CombinaIon Notes
Regular notes Symbol, picture, or graphic
Summary
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
topic
Essential characteristics Non-Essential Characteristics
Examples Non-Examples
Summarizing and Note Taking Frayer Model
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Note Taking and Summarizing Windowpane
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
} Place topics on chart paper around the room. } Divide students into small groups. } Each group has a different color marker and goes to a different chart.
} Students write ideas/facts about the concept on the chart.
} Call 2me and rotate to next chart. } Each 2me students arrive at new chart, they review what is already there and add to the list.
COLLABORATIVE Note Taking
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
TradiIonal Rules-‐Based Summaries
T -‐ Trivia (Remove trivial material.) R -‐ Redundancies (Remove redundant or repe22ve informa2on.) G -‐ Generalize (Replace specifics or lists with general terms and phrases.) TS -‐ Topic Sentence (Determine the topic sentence, which is the subject plus the author’s claim about the subject. You might have to make one up if there isn’t one.)
T -‐ RG -‐ TS (TARGETS)
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
PracIce with Summarizing
o With your elbow partner, review the Rules-‐based summary example. Look for examples of each step in the process.
14
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
TradiIonal Rules-‐Based Summaries
T -‐ Trivia (Remove trivial material.) R -‐ Redundancies (Remove redundant or repe22ve informa2on.) G -‐ Generalize (Replace specifics or lists with general terms and phrases.) TS -‐ Topic Sentence (Determine the topic sentence, which is the subject plus the author’s claim about the subject. You might have to make one up if there isn’t one.)
T -‐ RG -‐ TS (TARGETS)
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
One Word Summaries
Read a paragraph at a 2me and write one word to summarize it.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
What 2.0 Tools Support Summarizing?
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Wordle n www.wordle.net o This is a free tool that turns words or a block of text into a cloud padern.
o Great way to summarize o Great for a pre-‐reading tool o Great for reflec2ng on content
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Tagxedo
n www.tagxedo.com n Varia2on on wordle n Shapes
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Graphic Organizers
15
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Effects of Different Learning Experiences
Type of Experience Percent of Recall Aeer One Year
Visual Instruc2on 77 % Drama2c Instruc2on 57 % Verbal Instruc2on 53 %
Nuthall 1999
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Dual-‐Coding Theory
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Graphic Organizers
o Very effec2ve for new material cri2cal input.
o Help students organize their thoughts in small, logical chunks.
o Can be used with note-‐taking strategies. o Usable in all content areas.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
A Common Use . . . Previewing
n Students work with content prior to actual formal presenta2on or cri2cal input.
n Important for those coming with lidle or no background knowledge.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
great u2lity in the classroom because they correspond to six common paderns that informa2on can be divided into: 1. Descrip2ve padern 2. Time sequence padern
3. Process/cause-‐effect padern 4. Episode padern
5. Generaliza2on/principle padern 6. Concept padern
Graphic Organizers have . . .
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
DescripIve PaFern
• Descrip2ve Paderns can be used to represent facts about specific people, places, things and events
• This informa2on does not have to be in any specific order
16
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
DescripIve PaFern
Example
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Time Sequence PaFern
• Time sequence paderns organize events in a specific chronological order
• For example, the events leading up to a significant event can be shown in a 2me sequence padern organizer
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Process/Cause-‐Effect PaFern
• Process/Cause-‐Effect Paderns organize informa2on into a casual network leading to a specific outcome
• An example would be study habits that make a good student
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Episode Pattern
Episode Pattern Organizers arrange data about specific events including:
1. Setting (time and place)
2. Specific People
3. A specific duration
4. A specific sequence of events
5. A particular cause and effect
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
GeneralizaIon/Principle PaFerns • Generaliza2on/
Principle Paderns organize informa2on into general statements with suppor2ng details.
• An example would be statements suppor2ng a hypothesis that economic condi2ons were the cause of the Civil War.
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Concept PaFern
A Concept Pattern could look like this
17
cutting-edge research concrete strategies sustainable success
Pegword Method—pg. 55
n 1 bun n 2 shoe n 3 tree n 4 door n 5 hive
n 6 s2cks n 7 heaven n 8 gate n 9 line n 10 hen