Third Quarter 1992 Number 76 - winstonchurchill.org · Opportunities/35 (Immortal Words and Churchilltrivia resume next issue.) PULL-OUT INSERT ~ Pages 1.13-1.16 , "Churchill Bibliographic

Third Quarter 1992 • Number 76

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WEST IRENE COSTAS BROCK COMEGYS ELLIOTT COSTAS DON STEPHENS - * ' EARL NICHOLSON CAROL ROkSG

FENTON/MARY CUNNINGHAM ADDY COMEGYS MARIANNE/KARL ALMQUIST BARBARA STEPHENS J.D.MARSHALL, DAVE MC COOK CHARLOTTE NICHOLSON GARYBONINE

NO. 76 • THIRD QUARTER 1992 • ISSN 0882-3715

Published quarterly by the International Churchill Societies and the Rt. Hon. Sir Winston Spencer Churchill Society of British Columbia

COVER

The Churchill's England tour party, with the standard of the Lord Wardenof the Cinque Ports, kindly displayed by John Moir of Dover District Coun-cil, Walmer Castle, Kent, June 16th, 1992.

ARTICLES

Reporting Churchill: A Journalist Remembers 8"They're an Awful Bunch of Wolves . . ."by Ron Cynewulf Robbins

WSC in Advertising 11Further Examples of Commercial Advantage

The First Revisionist (Part VI) 12Francis Neilson on Churchill's "Triumph and Tragedy"by Stanley E. Smith

Another Lap of Churchill's England 181992 Conference and Sixth International Churchill Tourby Richard M. Langworth

"Teaching the Next Generation" 2315 August: Hyde Park Welcomes Lady Soames2 August: San Francisco Welcomes Edmund & Beryl Murrayby Cyril Mazansky & Merry Alberigi

Book Reviews 26Jablonsky on Harmon . . . Harmon on JablonskyRetreat Australia: David Day is Backby David Jablonsky, Chris Harmon, H. Ashley Redburn,

Tuvla Ben-Moshe, Frank Mayer & Richard M. Langworth

DEPARTMENTS

Editorial/3 International Datelines/4 Action This Day/14 Churchill inStamps/16 About Books/31 Despatch Box/32 Riddles, Mysteries/35 GiftOpportunities/35 (Immortal Words and Churchilltrivia resume next issue.)

PULL-OUT INSERT ~

Pages 1.13-1.16 , "Churchill Bibliographic Data" (All the Books ofWinston S. Churchill: Amplified Woods List)

FINEST HOUR

Editor: Richard M. Langworth (tel. 603-746-4433 days)Post Office Box 385, Contoocook, New Hampshire 03229 USA

Senior Editors: John G. Plumpton (tel. 416-497-5349 eves)130 Collingsbrook Blvd, Agincourt, Ontario, Canada M1W 1M7

H. Ashley Redbum, OBE (tel. 0705 479575)7 Auriol Dr., Bedhampton, Hampshire PO9 3LR, England

Cuttings Editor: John Frost (tel. 081-440-3159)8 Monks Ave, New Barnet, Herts., EN5 1D8, England

Contributors:George Richard, 7 Channel Hwy, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia 7006Stanley E. Smith, 9 Beech Drive, Littleton, MA 01460 USARonald Cohen, 1351 Potter Dr., Manotick ON Canada K4M 1C3

Produced for ICS by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc.

THE INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIETIES

Founded in 1968, the Society consists of three independent, not-for-profit charitable organisations in Canada, the United Kingdom and theUnited States, plus branch offices in Australia and New Zealand, whichwork together to promote interest in and education on the life, times,thought and work of Sir Winston Churchill, and to preserve his memory.The independent Societies are certified charities under the separate lawsof Canada, the UK and USA, and are affiliated with similar organisationssuch as the Winston S. Churchill Societies of Western Canada. FinestHour is provided free to Members or Friends of ICS, which offers severallevels of support in various currencies. Membership applications andchanges of address should be sent to the National Offices listed opposite.Editorial correspondence: PO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 USA,fax 603-746-4260, telephone 746-4433. Permission to mail at non-profit rates in the USA granted by the US Postal Service. Produced byDragonwyck Publishing Inc. Copyright © 1992. All rights reserved.

SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL SOCIETY ~~

Founded in 1964, the Society works to ensure that Sir Winston's idealsand achievements are never forgotten by succeeding generations. Allmembers of the B.C. Branch are automatic ICS members, while ICSmembership is optional to members of the Edmonton and CalgaryBranches. Activities include banquets for outstanding people connectedwith aspects of Sir Winston's career; public speaking and debatingcompetitions for High School students, scholarships in Honours Historyand other activities, including scholarships for study at Churchill College!

PATRON OF THE SOCIETIES "~~~

The Lady Soames, DBE

TRUSTEES ~

ICS/UK: The Lady Soames; The Duke of Marlborough;Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill; Hon. Celia Perkins;

Geoffrey J. Wheeler; The Hon. Nicholas Soames, MP;Richard Haslam-Hopwood; David J. Porter

ICS/USA: Ambassador Paul H. Robinson, Jr., Chmn.;The Lady Soames; Hon. Caspar Weinberger; Rt. Hon. Lord Pym;

Wendy R. Reves; Richard M. Langworth;J. Sinclair Armstrong, George A. Lewis

ICS HONORARY MEMBERS

Winston S. Churchill, MP • The Duke of Marlborough, DL, JPMartin Gilbert, CBE • Anthony Montague Browne, CBE, DFC

Grace Hamblin, OBE • Colin L. PowellRobert Hardy, CBE • Wendy Russell Reves

Pamela C. Harriman • Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr.James Calhoun Humes • The Lady Soames, DBE

Mary Coyne Jackman • Rt. Hon. Baroness Thatcher, OM, FRS, MPYousuf Karsh, OC • Hon. Caspar W. Weinberger, GBE

ICS DIRECTORS & COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Australia: Peter M. JenkinsCanada: Celwyn P. Ball, Frank Battershill,

Leonard Kitz QC, John G. PlumptonUnited Kingdom: David Boler, M.J. Kay, Edmund Murray,

L.W. Pilgrim, David J. Porter, Michael WybrowUnited States: Merry Alberigi, Marianne Almquist, Derek Brownleader,R. Alan Fitch, Cdr. Larry Kryske, William C. Ives, Richard Langworth

George Lewis, Alfred Lurie, Cyril Mazansky, James Muller, Norman Shaifer

D I R E C T O R Y

INTERNATIONAL COUNCILCelwyn P. Ball, Chairman

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, N.B. E1C 8J6Telephone (506) 387-7347

THE CHURCHILL SOCIETIESICS/AustraSa: Peter M. Jenkins, (03) 700-1277

8 Regnans Ave., Endeavour Hills, Vic. 3802

ICS/Canada: John G. Plumpton, Chmn.Hon. Sec.: Celwyn Ball, (506) 387-7347

1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton N.B. E1C 8J6

ICS/UK: David Porter, Chmn. (0959) 523416Hon. Sec.: Mrs. M.J. Kay, (081) 658-2909

Beckenham PI. Park, Beckenhem, Kent BR3 2BS

ICSAJSA: Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr., Chmn.

Hon. Sec.: Derek Brownleader (504) 752-3313

1847 Stonewood Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70816

Church/I Society of Vancouver: Frank Battershill, Pres.612 Baycrest Dr., N. Vancouver, BC V7G 1NB

DEPARTMENTS AND PROJECTSICS Stones: Alan Fitch

9807 Willow Brook Cir., Louisville, KY 40223

Commemorative Covers: Dave Marcus3048 Van Buskirk Cir., Las Vegas, NV 89121

Publications: Richard M. LangworthPO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229 USA

ICS CHAPTERSMerry Alberigi, Coordinator

P.O. Box 5037, Novato CA 94948 USATelephone (415) 883-9076

Alaska: James W. Muller1518 Airport Hts Dr., Anchorage AK 99508

Arizona: Marianne Almquist2423 E. Marshall Ave., Phoenix AZ 85016

California: Merry AlberigiPO Box 5037, Novato CA 94948

Chicago: William C. Ives8300 Sears Tower, Chicago IL 60606

Illinois: Amb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr.135 S. LaSalle St., Chicago, IL 60603

NashvUe: Richard H. Knight, Jr.PO Box 24356, Nashville, TN 37202

New Brunswick: Celwyn P. Ball1079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, NB E1C 8J6

New York City: Alfred J. Lurie450 E. 63rd St, Apt 8A, New York, NY 10021

New England: Cyril Mazansky50 Dolphin Rd., Newton Centre, MA 02159

North Texas: Ann & Richard Hazlett2214 Sulphur Street, Dallas, TX 75208

Toronto: The Other Club. Murray Milne33 WekJrick Rd., E., Ph #9

Richmond Hill, Ontario L4C 8W4

Washington: Jon Hottzman1954 Barton Hill Rd., Reston, VA 22091

THOUGHTS AND ADVENTURES

CHURCHILL'S KIND OF PRESIDENTDavid McCullough's brilliant new biography, Truman (NY: Simon & Schuster,

$30), is mandatory reading for anyone who admires statesmen of the Churchillschool. Writing as beautifully as he spoke to our Richmond, Virginia conference ayear ago, Mr. McCullough captures the uniqueness of the most human of recentPresidents, to whom Churchill, probably because he was so genuinely humanhimself, warmed instantly. ("I'm fearfully fond of him," WSC told Lord Moran.)

Though only a child then, I remember how unpopular President Truman once was.Mrs. Robert Taft said, "I'm just mild about Harry"; other Republicans called for hisimpeachment. When my parents took me to Washington in 1952, a cab driverdescribed a local brew: "Truman Beer, the beer with no head." I wept when Trumanfired MacArthur (the President called him "God's righthand man"). In fact that actwas one of constitutional necessity and, given the storm it raised, enormous politicalcourage — qualities which, I came later to realize, Truman possessed in spades. LikeChurchill, he did what he thought right, and stood the heat.

McCullough refracts the facets of affection one feels for Truman by focusing onepisodes great and small. There is no lack of criticism: Truman's faults like Churchill'swere sometimes on a grand scale; but their virtues were grander. Though sometimessuicidally loyal to subordinates, Truman like Churchill forbade them to make policydecisions, a practice long abandoned in the White House. (I was surprised to learnthat Truman's famous desk plaque, "The Buck Stops Here," was only around a fewweeks.) He reviewed their recommendations and decided; and, as Churchill de-scribed with a little jump, planted his feet firmly. And what decisions: Potsdam,Hiroshima, the Berlin Airlift, NATO, the H-bomb, the Truman Doctrine, Point Four,Korea, MacArthur. Probably more than anyone after the war, Harry Truman madethe world what it is today — generating, in 1952, this Churchillian accolade: "Youmore than any man have saved Western Civilisation."

Above all it is Truman's humanity, like Churchill's, that attracts the reader. Hehated phonies, "stuffed shirts," "striped pants boys" — and the media that en-couraged them: "I don't like counterfeits and the radio and television makecounterfeits out of these politicians." In my opinion more than any other Presidentin recent memory, he genuinely liked people. Some of his best friends, I was in-terested to read, were Republicans, who as a party he routinely excoriated with ob-vious relish.

One of the many vignettes David McCullough offers us in this rich biography is onethat simultaneously thrills with the genuinity of Truman, and saddens because oneknows the many reasons why it could not happen today. Taking his evening stroll inWashington, Mr. Truman decides to examine the mechanism of the lift bridge acrossthe Potomac. So he opens a gate, descends some iron steps, and comes upon thebridge tender eating his dinner from a tin pail. "Why hello there, Mr. President," saysthe bridge tender. "I was just thinking of you."

CHURCHILLIAN GENEROSfTYA few weeks ago Neil Kinnock rose in Parliament to say farewell as Leader of the

Opposition, speaking in low and dejected tones. "Did the Prime Minister recall hiselection promise that a Tory victory would spark economic recovery? Will he now ad-mit that no such ignition has taken place?" Mr. Major's response was a valedictoryof the kind Churchill would have uttered: "This is the last occasion when we shall beable to exchange views over the Despatch Box. We've agreed, we've disagreed. ButI would like to thank [Mr. Kinnock] for his strong support throughout the Gulf Warand also on Yugoslavia. I am very pleased to have the opportunity to thank you forthat and to do so publicly — and with warmth." Mr. Kinnock replied with dignity: "Iam very grateful to him for his kind remarks. I have considered it a great honour to beable to serve my country . . . I know that this is a vocation which you share and Ihope that the country generally and the people in it can achieve greater success inthe future." It didn't make sense, wrote Godfrey Barker in the Telegraph, "but youknow what it means." Yes indeed: it means that someone in politics still expressesthe courtliness — today almost vanished — which Churchill demonstrated towardopponents after the tumult of political discourse had died away. All credit to Mr. Ma-jor for maintaining a rare and noble Churchill standard.

RICHARD M. LANGWORTH, EDITOR

The Editor's opinions are his own and not necessarily those of the International Churchill Societies.

FINEST HOUR 76, PAGE 3

Quote of the Season"If ever theie was a moment,

when, after all our victories andservice to the cause of human free-dom, every patriotic man andwoman ought to be thinking aboutthe country and taking a long view,that moment is NOW."-WSC, LEEDS TOWN HALL, 4 FEBRUARY 1953

EitataIn "Glimpses/1 Finest Hour

#75, p28, we picture WSC on V-EDay and mention his riding throughLondon in a convertible on his wayto Buckingham Palace. We are re-minded that one does not approachthe Palace perched on the top backseat of a convertible! The eventmentioned was actually one ofseveral triumphal motorized ap-pearances WSC put in at that time.Refer to the Official Biography,Volume 7, for details.

In Finest Hour #74, we failed tocatch a typo in which a Marshalwas proclaimed "Marshall." Thisis a common mistake, probablystemming from Gen. George C.Marshall's name; in any case,Stalin, Tito, etc. were Marshals,Montgomery a Field Marshal.

Over the Top!WESTHELD, NJ, USA, AUGUST 15TH — I C SUnited States proudly announcesthe success of its 1992 fund appeal,aimed at generating enough oper-ating capital to sustain its com-mitments to special publicationsand the proposed Center for Chur-chill Studies over the next year.The generous support of hundredsof Friends of the Society, led bymajor donations from Mrs. WendyReves and Ambassador Paul H.Robinson, Jr., has again made itpossible for us to do far more thanwe could do otherwise. Particularly,it has enabled us to afford the in-itial expenses of professional helpwith the fund raising campaign forthe Churchill Center, which willtake effect next year.

Although this was only the thirdtime in history that ICS UnitedStates has felt it necessary to hold afund appeal, our Friends have neverlet us down, and 1992 was no ex-

FINEST HOUR 76 , PAGE 4

ception. Thanks to you, we havemore than met our goal, andthough we will acknowledge every-one's help individually, we wish toexpress our deep gratitude publicly.

— GEORGE A. LEWIS, TREASURER

By Spring: Companion Vol. 6, Part 1NEW YORK, AUGUST 20TH — W . W . N o r -ton, publishers of numerous classicChurchill titles and Jock Colville's"Fringes of Power," announced to-day an agreement with Wm. Heine-mann, London, for Norton to bethe American publisher of thenew Companion or Document vol-umes of the Official Biography."The Churchill Papers 1939-1965," edited by Martin Gilbert,are underwritten by ICS and WendyReves. Volume I, "At the Admi-ralty," covers September 1939 toMay 1940, and comprises approxi-mately 1200 pages. Subsequentvolumes, one for each year of thewar, the Opposition period, thesecond Premiership and the 1955-65 period, will be about 800 pages.The final volume will containabout 100 pages of documents fromearlier periods, not included in theprevious Companions. With Vol-ume 10, scheduled to be handed tothe publisher at the end of 1996,the Official Biography will be com-pleted, and will comprise eightBiographic and twenty-one Com-panion volumes.

In the interest of keeping theprice as low as possible, the pub-lishers have decided to manufac-ture both the American and En-glish editions in the United States.Since Norton cannot schedule thisuntil the new year, publication ofVolume I has been delayed untilSpring 1993. Because Part 2 hasalso now been completed, it willlikely follow closely behind Part 1.The ICS New Book Service will an-nounce availability at the usualdiscounts in these pages. Copieswill be sent free to major sup-porters of the $250,000 fund appealthat made the project possible in1987.

UK Committee AppointmentsLONDON, JUNE - Upon re-election,

ICS/UK Chairman David Porterhas announced new appointmentsto the Society Committee: L.W.Pilgrim of Camberley, Surreybecomes treasurer, relieving MarkWeber; Jill Kay of Beckenham,Kent becomes membership secre-tary, relieving David Merritt. Mrs.Kay maintains the UK mailing listand since issue #75 she has re-ceived and distributed Finest Hourto Friends of the UK Society. (Themagazine is sent in bulk by air ex-press to Mrs. Kay, who posts it in-dividually.) Our thanks to Mr.Pilgrim and Mrs. Kay for taking onthese important tasks.

Send It & We'll Print ItREMINDER TO ALL CHURCHILL SOCIETIES —

We print every word you send uson events or developments in yourSociety. If you have not seenenough of such news lately, pleasecontact your Society officers, whocan probably use your help. We canonly print what we get!

Election ReflectionLONDON, 16 AUGUST 1945 - ' 'A friend ofmine was in Zagreb when the re-sults of the late General Electioncame in. An old lady said to him,'Poor Mr. Churchill! I suppose nowhe will be shot.' My friend was ableto reassure her. He said thesentence might be mitigated to oneof the various forms of hard labourwhich are always open to His Ma-jesty's subjects." — WSC

Easton Does It AgainNORWALK, CT., USA, AUGUST 30TH — T h eEaston Press, recent publishers of afine new leatherbound edition ofThe World Crisis [FH #71 p28) andbefore that The Second World War,have announced a forthcoming newedition of A History of the English-Speaking Peoples. Again ICS/USAassisted, by recommending Eastonreproduce the English illustratedChartwell Edition (ICS A138d), thefinest example of the work to date,and providing them with a copy.

The English-Speaking Peoples isalready in good supply, both inpaperback (London: Cassell) andhardback (NY: Dorset House). TheUS publisher is a remainder houseowned by Barnes &. Noble, whichbought the rights to the work afterDodd Mead expired. AlthoughBarnes & Noble also offer a leather-

bound version, the Easton limitededition will be much finer and, ofcourse, illustrated. While thisEaston set will not have the collec-tor value of their World Crisis(which, by the way, they plan toreprint at some future date), it willcost only about $175, roughly halfthe price of a "full-fine" ChartwellEdition. Readers interested shouldcontact Easton Press, PO Box 5706,Norwalk CT 06856 USA or tele-phone (800) 367-4534.

The Easton Press also produced aleatherbound edition of My AfricanJourney, using sheets from theCooper-Norton edition (with fewerillustrations than the 1908 origi-nal). Unfortunately, this is part of alarge travel series and not availableseparately. We are trying to inter-est Easton in reprinting the originaltwo-volume River War, whichwould be a great service: this workhas not been in print since theearly 1900s and all subsequent edi-tions are abridgements. If you wishto see this happen, drop a line toEric Stones at the above address.

International Conferences 1993-1994WASHINGTON &. TORONTO, AUGUST 18TH —The 1993 Churchill Society Con-ference will be hosted by ICS/USAat the Mayflower Hotel, Washing-ton, DC in early November, an-nounced Vice-President MerryAlberigi, who is in charge of theevent. The tentative dates areNovember 5th through 8th. Thiswill be an "International Con-ference on Leadership," hostingmajor world figures and a delega-tion of high school and collegestudents.

Just six months later, ICS/Canada and the Churchill Societyof Calgary will host the 1994 Inter-

national Conference in Banff andLake Louise, Alberta, amidst someof the most spectacular scenery inNorth America. This event willbe part of the 1994 annual Chur-chill dinner of the three WesternCanada Societies, with the chiefspeaker also appearing in Edmon-ton and Vancouver. Anyone wish-ing to comment or help shouldcontact Merry Alberigi, PO Box5037, Novato CA 94948, tel. (415)883-9076; or ICS/Canada Chair-man John Plumpton, 130 Coll-ingsbrook Blvd., Agincourt ONM1W 1M7, tel. (416) 497-5349.

Lord Wardenof the Cinque MouseholesCHARTWELL, JULY 3IST - After audi-tioning scores of ginger tomcats,Chartwell Administrator JeanBroome has proudly announced thearrival of Jock IE, successor to Jockn, who died aged 16 in Decemberlast year. (The original Jock, wholived until 1974, was given to WSCby his PPS and friend Jock Colvillein 1962.)

When Chartwell came to the Na-tional Trust, one of the conditionswas that a cat like Jock shouldalways be in residence. "We inter-viewed so many suitable succes-sors, '' says Jean, but "trying to findanother look-alike has proved avery difficult task . . . By chance, Isaw an advertisement in a pet shopwindow and he turned out to bejust right." Jock lived in a flat onthe top of the house until his injec-tions were completed, when hewas allowed into the garden togreet guests.

CHARTWEU

'.. .we shall fightyou in the fields..."

Left: Jock HI growls defiance (Clare Arronphoto). Above: Meeting the Enemy.

USA Executive Committee MeetsWASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 9TH - V i c e -President Merry Alberigi traveledhere today to meet with principalsof the Mayflower Hotel and thenew Washington Chapter on plansfor the 1993 International Chur-chill Conference in November. Shewas joined later by directors Nor-man Shaifer and Richard Lang-worth, and the new WashingtonChapter's John Holtzman, for thesecond meeting of the USA ex-ecutive committee, charged withreviewing all plans for theSociety's development and theCenter for Churchill Studies[Finest Hour #74). The committeeinvited Mr. Stephen Poss of Bostonto its September 11th meeting; Mr.&. Mrs. Poss have kindly offeredtheir valuable services to the NewEngland Chapter at its Spring din-ner (see following). Conferenceswere also held at George Wash-ington University, with RichardRalph of the British Embassy, andCaspar Weinberger. The ExecutiveCommittee, which also includesICS attorney Win. C. Ives andtreasurer George Lewis, last met inNew York in March. The Presi-dent's half year report will beissued to directors shortly, and isavailable to any interested party.

On Admiral DarlanLONDON, 10 DECEMBER 1942 — ' 'I h o l d no

brief for Admiral Darlan. Likemyself he is the object of theanimosities of Herr Hitler and ofMonsieur Laval. Otherwise I havenothing in common with him . . .When the Marshal [Petain] bleatsover the telephone and deprives


International Datelines

Darlan of his nationality, it doesnot much matter which, that theMarshal is acting under the duressof the invading Hun, and that he,Darlan, is still carrying out his truewishes. In fact, if Admiral Darlanhad to shoot Marshal Pdtain, hewould no doubt do it in MarshalPetain's name." — wsc

Savoy at Ritz-Carlton Match 6thBOSTON, JULY 30TH — I C S N e wEngland director Dr. Cyril Mazan-sky announces the first ' 'Teachingthe Next Generation" event in thenortheast: a dinner at Boston'snoted Ritz-Carlton Hotel, preparedby chefs from London's SavoyHotel, a favorite of Sir Winston's.The English chefs are being hostedfor the Ritz-Carlton's InternationalCultural Festival's "EnglishWeek," March lst-7th. For ICS,they will be preparing a menu ofWSC's preferred dishes from "TheOther Club," which still meets atthe Savoy.

Notable cuisine is only part ofthe programme. ICS will host afamous speaker, and a large delega-tion of Boston Area high school andcollege students sponsored by localbusinesses and individuals as partof our theme for the 1990s:"Teaching the Next Generation."More details will be announced asthey are available; Friends of theSociety in New England and NewYork will receive a special invita-tion by mail. Help needed! ContactICS/New England, see Directory,page 3.

Vancouvet Hosts the HuntsVANCOUVER, B.C., MAY 30TH — F o l l o W -ing their attendance as guests ofhonour at the annual banquets ofthe Edmonton and Calgarybranches, Sir Winston S. ChurchillSociety, Sir David W.S. Hunt,KCMG, OBE, FSA and Lady Huntspent three days in Vancouver ashonoured guests of the BC branch.Members and guests were treatedtonight with an inspiring eveningof recollections by Sir David of histime as one of Churchill's privatesecretaries (1951-52). He gave theaudience an appreciation of Chur-chill's methods of work, and a rareperspective of the Great Man's life

at Chequers and Chartwell in thepostwar years, a time much lessagitated than the stirring war yearshe had known.

This was not Sir David's firstvisit to Canada. In 1946-47 he wason the staff of Field Marshal Alex-ander, then Governor-General ofCanada. During World War II, SirDavid served in the Middle East,Greece, Crete, Sicily and Italy, wasBritain's ambassador to Brazil from1 9 6 9 tO 1 9 7 3 . - STANLEY WINFIELD

Montague Browne MemoirsLONDON, JULY 12TH - Newspaper col-umnist "Peterborough" reportsthat hon. member Anthony Monta-gue Browne is writing his mem-oirs, bearing the tentative title,"Blessed are the Forgetful."Private secretary to WSC from1952-65, Mr. Montague Browne in-tends to attack exaggerated sugges-tions about WSC's drinking habits:"Churchill was often stimulated,but I never saw him drunk."

Montague Browne, 69, arrived atNumber Ten in 1952 as a youngdiplomat and stayed with Chur-chill to the end, effectively wreck-ing his own Foreign Service career.He had ample opportunity to ob-serve WSC — in 1955, for example,he dined with him in the South ofFrance for thirteen nights in a row."I've had more lunches and din-ners with him than I can count,"he says. "I have been irritated byall this talk." The book will alsotake swipes at the controversialdescription of Churchill's finalyears by his doctor, Lord Moran:"Churchill kept his faculties agood deal longer than manypeople," AMB states. "Morangenerally saw him only when hewas unwell."

There's One BornEvery Minute . . .LONDON, JULY IOTH — ' 'Peterborough"announces that the airplane ticketon which Neville Chamberlainflew to Munich for his peace mis-sion to Adolf Hitler in 1938 will beoffered this autumn by Christie's.(The Prime Minister had to have aticket!) The item is alleged to havecome from the rubble of HestonAirport, near Heathrow, which wasdemolished and turned into a motor-

way service station. "The ticket isslightly damaged, but it is still afascinating document," says asource. "It carries Chamberlain'sname and the flight details. It's aBritish Airways [BOAC? Ed.] ticketand is inscribed 'special flight.' "Christie's, "Peterborough" con-tinues, expect to get £6,000 for thisobject, and recently obtained "anattractive price for a telegram sentfrom the Titanic as she went down.A cheerful lot."

p H E Morris-Commercial light tonner ij the onlyJ^ ton truck; on the market coming within the £16

tafc—all others are subject to £26. Thus the pur-chaser saves £10 on every vehicle annually—virtuallya gift'of.£ib. from,the Chancellor of the1 Exchequer!

Thousands .of. these robust commercial, vehicles arein daily use by leaders of British industry, and par-ticularly by tradespeople, in all parts, of the kingdom.It is .impossible to get such .value, in any othercommercial,par. And special bodies are available foreach Individual trade. Ask -for 'particulars.

There is a speeinjbody for\ everyindividual trade.

CSC's Morris On MarketMANCHESTER, UK, 29 APRIL - Lady Chur-chill's black 1961 Morris Oxfordwas on the market today (whetherit has since sold we haven't heard),offered by Gillian Jackson ofBeverley, Yorks., who won it lastyear in a £l-a-ticket raffle. "It'squite heavy and I can only just seeover the steering wheel," Jacksonsays. ' 'I haven't driven it very oftenbut it starts first time." She hadput the car up for auction but bidsstopped at £1750. Paul Wood,chairman of the Churchill Club ofManchester, was said to be in-

RNEST HOUR 76, PAGE 6

terested. Winston Churchill, MPwas not, saying:' "One can't affordto run old cars, you know."

Two observations from a long-time car-junkie (or junk-caree):£1750 is already three times thevalue of a 1961 Morris Oxford, andWSC, MP is right, one can't affordto run old cars,-1 knew that twenty-five years ago, have gone throughthirty "classics," and could affordnone of them. —Ed.

The National DebtLONDON, 11 APRIL 1927 - "There aretwo ways in which a gigantic debtmay be spread over new decadesand future generations. There isthe right and healthy way; andthere is the wrong and morbid way.The wrong way is to fail to makethe utmost provision of ammorti-zation which prudence allows, toaggravate the burden of the debt byfresh borrowing, to live from handto mouth, and from year to year,and to exclaim with Louis XVI:'After me, the deluge!' " — wsc

WSC to Speak on PBSALEXANDRIA, VA., DECEMBER 1ST 1992 -Public Television's Adult LearningSatellite Service (cable TV) will

broadcast from 2PM to 3:30PMEastern Time "The Language ofLeadership: The Churchill Meth-od," produced by the BlackwellCorporation. We have little infor-mation, but the video apparentlydemonstrates Churchill's oratori-cal skills and instructs on how theycan be applied by today's speakers.PBS offers one-time taping rights toindividuals for $75. ICS has appliedfor a tape for its archives. For moredetails contact PBS Adult LearningSatellite Service, 1320 BraddockPlace, Alexandria VA 22314, or faxto (703) 739-8495.

ICS North TexasDALLAS, APRIL 26TH — Well, we did it— the Emery Reves Chapter had ameeting and it was a huge success.We already have volunteers forSeptember (Charlotte & EarlNicholson — invitations will besent locally) and the November30th birthday celebration (Ann &Richard Hazlett). Today's event,an English Tea at the home of MissCynthia Reid, hosted Mrs. GailSachson, whose topic was "TheSoldier at Rest: Life at La Pausawith Wendy and Emery Reves."The Hazletts have taken on thechapter directorship. I'm feelingbetter and we are encouraged so fornow I can continue my duties withhelp from lots of fine people inI C S . — JEAN SMALLING

Editor's Note: Dated 16 May,this was oui good friend Jean's lastdespatch, and I regret having topublish the following from SelmaHughes of Richardson, Texas.

JEAN RINKLIN SMALLINGDALLAS, TEXAS, AUGUST 14TH — I amsure you would wish to know ofJean Smalling's death today. Ac-tually it was a blessed relief for heras in the last few months she suf-fered greatly. I saw her Thursdayevening for the last time and shelooked very peaceful, knew me,and smiled. It is such a sad loss. Ido not purport to write on behalf ofthe Chapter, but as a close friend ofElmer and Jean. — DR. SELMA HUGHES

Before moving to Dallas in 1980to found Jenel Consulting Corp.with her husband Elmer, JeanSmalling was manager of Sportsand News Unit at ABC TV,

creative director of KeatingChristenson Public Relations andproducer for Time-Life Films, all ofNew York City. She was a memberof the Dallas Prayer Ministry andCanyon Creek Presbyter ianChurch, Eagle Forum, the DallasCable Access Board, and chapterchairman of ICS North Texas. Sheis survived by her husband Elmer,her parents Russell and VirginiaRinklin, and her brother, Col.Russell Rinklin, Jr., USAF. Thefamily suggests that donations inJean's name be made to the Star ofHope Baptist Church, 820 Peggs,DeSoto, Texas 75115.

HARVEY HUMPHREYSBRISBANE, AUSTRALIA, MAY 6TH — F r i e n d sof ICS/Australia and his manyfriends overseas were saddened bythe sudden passing of our esteemedpublicity officer Harvey Hum-phreys after a brief illness. I havelost a good friend and the Society achampion of its cause, as Harvey,through his many and varied con-tacts with the print media inAustralia, was able to generate agreat deal of publicity for ICS andits objectives. We will sadly misshis zeal and diligence in support ofthe Society.

Harvey was a keen Churchillo-philatelist and on several occasionspublicised ICS and the Churchillheritage through his stamp inter-ests. As a member of the Queens-land philatelic body he influencedand staged several notable displaysat philatelic exhibitions. We arefortunate in that his grandson,Friend of the Society Andrew Har-ward, is keen to keep his grand-father's extensive Churchill collec-tion going.

To Mary, his daughter and familyon behalf of the Churchill Societiesworldwide, I extend our sinceresympathy at this sad time in theirlives. I would like to feel thatHarvey will live on through the ef-forts of Andrew in preserving hiscollection and also through themany members who have come toknow ICS because of Harvey's in-fluence. In his own way Harveywas like the "few" whom SirWinston so rightly praised in hisimmortal tribute to the RAF. Hewas, undoubtedly, one of our'' F e w . ' ' —PETER JENKINS, DIRECTOR •


Reporting Churchill:A Journalist Remembers' 'They're an Awful Bunch of Wolves . .I'm Going to Throw You to Them." -

BY RON CYNEWULF ROBBINS

, 1941, REPORTED BY A. MINIFIE

CHURCHILL'S second home was the House ofCommons. It was there that he used his oratori-cal genius to challenge prewar appeasers of

Nazi Germany. In his favourite forum, he pleaded thecause of liberty with memorable eloquence and stead-fast conviction. At crucial moments during the rise ofHitler, influential politicians loudly derided him andspurned his warnings. They lived to regret their folly:their reputations lie wrecked on the wide shore ofhistory.

Long before the daily broadcast of parliamentaryproceedings, Press Gallery members were vital com-municators of his message to the world beyond West-minster. Churchill, a journalist early in his career,had an instinctive understanding of their role. Hiseasy rapport with them never faltered. He sometimesreminded them that he, too, knew what it was like tomeet unrelenting deadlines.

I joined the Gallery shortly after completing mywar service and saw Churchill for the first time. Hewas sitting hunched and somehow menacing as helistened to the Labour Prime Minister, Clement Att-lee, whose party had replaced Churchill's administra-tion in the 1945 election.

Many unfledged Labour members of Parliamentcrowded the benches. Because of their inexperiencethey interrupted Churchill's speeches and quicklyfound themselves impaled on his sharp wit.

His devastating sallies were duly reported. Attleehastened to control the damage. He passed word tothe new MPs to be more discriminating with their in-terjections. Only one member came close to being aworthy opponent for Churchill in repartee: AneurinBevan. A veteran MP, he was born in a Welsh miningvalley and had been appointed Minister of Health byAttlee.

Churchill would never have moved to rescue Bevanin a debate, but I did see him help another Welshman,Tom Lucy, a colleague of mine on Britain's domesticnews agency, the Press Association, which reportedthe Commons speeches at considerable length.Lucy's eyesight had kept him from serving in the warso he worked as a parliamentary reporter. He wasmild-mannered, immensely conscientious and worethick-lensed spectacles. Churchill often acknow-ledged him with a nod and a smile in the corridors.

I saw Lucy fall foul of the only Communist mem-

Winston S. Churchill speaking to a huge audience atthe Albert Hall in London, at a reunion on the an-niversary of the Battle of El Alamein, c. 1950.


ber of Parliament. The Communist was devoid ofboth charm and courtesy; his name is best left buriedin the obscurity it deserves. Suffice to say that he hadearned a reputation as an amateur boxer. By compari-son, Lucy was clearly more designed by nature forchess-playing than fisticuffs. MPs and reportersshared the same tea-room, a cafeteria where we linedup carrying trays. Lucy was in the queue when theCommunist churlishly elbowed him out of the waybefore pushing on to grab tea and cakes. Lucy stag-gered and fell almost to his knees. The Communistlooked back, but did not pause or apologize. At thattime, Lucy said and did nothing to retaliate. A little

WSC speaking to "a very numerous and select au-dience" at the Ambassador Hotel, Paris, 24September 1936. (Newfield Collection)

later, however, he accosted the Communist in alobby and said: ' 'I want a word with you.'' The Com-munist adopted a combative stance. Lucy removedhis spectacles, made a jumping movement from onefoot to the other and floored him with a lightninghook to the jaw.

I thought Lucy had chosen a somewhat spectacularway of ending his Gallery career. But I overlooked thefact that Churchill was his ally. Formidable indeed!

The Communist' s complaint of assault was promptlyraised in the Commons chamber. The Deputy PrimeMinister, Herbert Morrison, unusually stern-faced,dwelt on the seriousness of the situation. I had a vi-sion of Lucy being escorted by the Sergeant-at-Armsto a room under the tower of Big Ben to undergodetention in accordance with tradition while theHouse decided his fate.

Churchill rose and caught the Speaker's eye. Smilingbroadly, he said: "Mister Speaker, we need not makeheavy weather of this." He continued to downplaythe incident and told the House: "Mr. Lucy has beena loyal servant of Parliament." This was a referenceto Lucy's tireless devotion to his Commons taskwhen the Blitz raged and reportorial staff had beendiminished by war service.

The House warmed to Churchill's mood. With aminimum of fuss and apology, the knockdown blowwas tacitly dismissed as a response to a provocativeact. Lucy's career was saved and he retained his posi-tion in the Gallery. Shortly afterwards I joined theeditorial staff of the British Broadcasting Corporationand next encountered him in the Law Courts in theStrand. He had qualified as a barrister. He was doinglaw reports for The Times but frequently moved fromthe Press table to represent a client before a judge.

Churchill in full flood during a Commons debate,or on a public occasion, could be difficult to report.His dazzling vocabulary tested the skill of even themost adept shorthand writer. I had learned my short-hand in a hurry: without such expertise I would nothave been considered for a Press Association post.Fortunately for me, when Churchill spoke no reporterhad to take notes for more than five minutes or so.There was an open phone line to the newsroom and ateam of five of us worked in relay race style. Thesame team would be called upon to cover a Churchillspeech outside the Commons at an important lun-cheon or dinner. It took a team to keep pace withhim. He did not speak rapidly, but the richness of hisphrases proved demanding and, in any event, hisfame meant that we had to get his words away aheadof competing agencies.

The reportorial ranks had been swelled by the re-turn of servicemen and we were always exuberant,almost festive, whenever Churchill was our assign-ment. It heightened the exhilaration of victory to benear the man who was its chief architect.

I cherish my recollection of the tumultuous recep-tion given Churchill at a Press Gallery dinner whichhonoured him. "I am among my pals tonight," hesaid and raised a glass. That was his entire speech!


A vivid description of what it was like reportingChurchill has been given by James M. Minifie,Canada's most courageous and illustrious radio andtelevision journalist, who died in 1974. He was raisedin humble circumstances in Vanguard, Saskatchewan.At sixteen he fooled the recruiting sergeant about hisage and served with the Canadians overseas in theFirst World War. After demobilization, he won aRhodes Scholarship to Oxford. He became Paris cor-respondent for The New York Herald Tribune. In theSecond World War he lost an eye reporting the Lon-don Blitz. He was transferred to Washington buteventually joined the U.S. Office of Strategic Ser-vices. He received the American Medal of Freedomand the Order of the British Empire for his contribu-tions to the Allied cause. Later he began a lengthyassociation with the Canadian Broadcasting Corpora-tion as their Washington correspondent.

Here is vignette he broadcast in his old age to give aglimpse of what he called his best assignment:

"Just before Christmas 1941, I was sitting with afriend in a little hotel room in Washington waiting forWendell Wilkie, leader of the Republican Party, tocome in from the White House. President Roosevelthad sent for him secretly. It was a grim time for thedemocracies. The American Pacific fleet was sittingat the bottom of Pearl Harbour. The Japanese were onthe march. Great pressure was building up in Wash-ington to concentrate on the Pacific and let Europeride. It would have been a popular but fatal decisionand I wondered if Wilkie was getting that pitch. Hestumbled into the room. 'I just can't tell you, fellas,'he said. 'He swore me to secrecy.'

"We waited. Wilkie could never keep a secret long.He took a deep breath then whispered: 'Churchill iscoming!'

' 'With a flash of conviction I felt at that momentthe tide was turning. Many disasters were ahead butthat Christmas the Grand Alliance would be founded,the European struggle given priority and Congressand the people reconciled to it. FDR and Churchillhad a rendezvous with destiny.

"The two leaders gave a press conference jointly inthe little Oval Room at the White House where thePresident worked. Roosevelt sat at his cluttered desk.He had a cigarette in a long holder. Churchill satbeside him with his inevitable cigar. Both were primadonnas and I hoped they were not getting in eachother's hair. But, obviously, they were getting alongfamously. FDR leaned over to Churchill and said softly,nodding towards us, 'They're an awful bunch ofwolves, you know, and I am going to throw you tothem.' Churchill chuckled. He answered the firstquestion sitting down. Someone at the back shouted:'Can't hear you.' Someone else shouted: 'Or see you.'Then the amazing man stood up, climbed laboriouslyon his chair, beamed at reporters and waved his bigcigar, gave the V sign and said simply: 'Here I am.'Reporters forgot the tough questions they had cometo ask.

"The next day he brought Congress into camp.


JAMES M. MINIFIE

' 'Churchill was always a goodassignment. But [Dec. 1941]was the best of them."

they shouted with laughter when he commented tothe joint session of the House and Senate: 'If myfather had been American and my mother British —instead of the other way around — I might have gothere on my own.'

' 'The nation bought him when he helped light theWhite House Christmas tree.

"Churchill was always a good assignment. But thatwas the best of them."

Minifie was a superb broadcaster and author.A final recollection: In my Parliamentary reporting

days, my wife and I had seats for a performance ofRichard III starring Laurence Olivier. We were sittingin the orchestra stalls fifth row centre. The curtainwas several minutes late going up. I anticipated aslow handclap. Suddenly Churchill, accompanied byhis wife and an aide, entered and occupied seats im-mediately in front of us. The second he was spotted,everyone stood up and cheered. With Churchill in theaudience, it is hardly necessary to add that Oliviergave a performance that seemed to rise above even hisglorious range.

At supper at the Savoy (anything less would havebeen too anti-climatic) I said to my wife: "Well, whatdid you think of the great man close up?" She replied:' 'Very pink and cuddly." •

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The First Revisionist (Part VI)Francis Neilson on Churchill's "Triumph and Tragedy" \BY STANLEY E. SMITH

Churchill greets the ailing Roosevelt at Yalta; Molotov to WSC's tight. Photo supplied by a reader.

In Triumph and Tmgedy, the sixth and concludingvolume of his war memoirs, Winston Churchill nar-rates the course of the war from D-Day in 1944through the surrender of Germany, and to the point ofhis departure from office in the midst of the Potsdamconference in 1945. The theme of the work is "Howthe Great Democracies Triumphed, and so Were ableto Resume the Follies Which Had so Nearly CostThem Their Life." As the title and theme imply, thevolume, as it progresses toward the close of the worldwar, is increasingly dominated by the gloomy laying,despite Churchill's best efforts, of the foundations ofthe ensuing Cold War, destined to last almost fiftyyears.

Francis Neilson, prince of revisionism in Chur-chill's day, once more throws virtually everycriticism he can think of at Churchill in his review,published in The Chuichill Legend (Appleton, Wis.,1954, Redburn 122) and elsewhere. As in his reviewsof the earlier Second World War volumes, Neilson

Stanley Smith of ICS/New England herewith con-cludes his analysis of "the first revisionist" and thefinal volume of The Second World War. The earliervolumes were covered respectively in Finest Hournumbers 51, 53, 55, 59 and 64.


uses his familiar technique of producing snippetsfrom the works of Churchill and others, taking themout of context, and offering them in support of con-clusions that often are as well concealed as his logicin reaching them. In the course of doing so, he ac-cuses Churchill of the familiar litany of vices:megalomaniacal blindness, lust for power, incon-sistency, opportunism. In a refreshing change frommost of his earlier reviews, however, Neilson does onthis occasion succeed in confining his discussionmore or less to some of the issues raised in the book.

The grand theme of Neilson's review has oftenbeen repeated since: Churchill was so intent ondestroying Hitler at any cost that he blinded himselfto the growth of the Soviet menace, only to be rudelyawakened to it near the close of the German war. Tosustain his theme, Neilson reaches back to the thirdvolume of Churchill's memoirs [The Grand Alliance)and extracts Churchill's remark to Jock Colville that' 'I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler,and my life is much simplified thereby."

That remark, it will be remembered, was made onthe eve of the German invasion of Russia in 1941. Itwas made in the context of a discussion of whatBritain's policy would be in such an event, and ex-pressed Churchill's determination that, despite his

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Above: The Yalta meeting (also continuing our page 11 selection ofadverts). Below: with Truman and McClure at Fulton, 1946.

repugnance toward communism, he would supportRussia.

Neilson refers to this passage again and again in hisreview, accusing Churchill of blunders and then ex-plaining them by saying that Churchill's life "had tobe simplified" above all else. Had this been true,Churchill could have simplified his life enormouslyby turning the Government over to Eden or Attleeand retiring to Chartwell to write and paint. None-theless, Neilson carries the passage like a tatteredbanner through the review and waves it at every op-portunity.

Neilson goes on to combine a wholesale condemna-tion of "aggression" with a wholly indiscriminategrouping of many major acts of the war on both sidesunder this rubric. The worst example is his excoria-tion of the liberation of North Africa as "aggression"with "no justification whatever."

Once Germany invaded Poland, "aggression tookits ordinary course," according to Neilson. "Russiainvaded Poland and Bucovina; Great Britain went in-to Norway; America took Iceland and Greenland; andall during the war, aggression spread like an epi-demic." This passage, with its casual disregard of thevital distinctions between acts of aggression, consen-sual occupation and genuine liberation, surely il-lustrates the revisionist approach at its worst.

In the later portions of the review, Neilson returnsto the great issue of postwar Soviet power. Neilsondiscusses this issue in some of his earlier reviews, andit is apparently the source of much of his cynicismabout the war.

In the summer of 1944, Neilson argues, Churchill' 'began to realize that he had unwittingly raised andsupported a Frankenstein more terrible than Hitlerever was." This revealing passage implies that Chur-chill was unaware of the nature of Soviet rule, andthat the world would have been a better place hadHitler triumphed in the East (if not the West).

Through his historical research and his contactswith Russian emigres, Churchill understood thenature of Soviet rule from the time of the BolshevikRevolution. He was under no illusions on that point.On the second point, no one at all acquainted withthe genocidally oppressive tenets of Hitler's NewOrder in Europe can doubt that the defeat of Hitlerand the salvation of Western Europe was worth therisk of allowing Soviet control of Eastern Europe,which would hardly have fared better under Hitler inany event.

Having gained so much by the defeat of Hitler,might not Churchill and the Western Allies havedone more to restrict the concurrent Soviet con-quests? Neilson accuses Churchill of making ' 'severalattempts to shirk responsibility for Russia's positionon the Elbe." In Triumph and Tragedy, a good deal ofattention is devoted to this question, and the bookreveals a long and ultimately unsuccessful effort byChurchill to persuade Roosevelt to deal with it whendoing so was still practicable, or at any rate possible.

In the course of his reviews, Neilson exhibits thepuzzling but agreeable habit of citing a Churchillianpassage that refutes the conclusion he is trying todraw. Here again he obliges us with a passage fromTriumph and Tragedy:

" . . . The real time to deal with these issues was. . . when the fronts of the mighty Allies faced eachother in the field, and before the Americans, and to alesser extent the British, made their vast retirement. . . At that time I desired to have the matter settledbefore we had made this tremendous retirement andwhile the Allied armies were still in being . . . How-ever, it was impossible to gather American supportfor this . . . " (pp. 672-4)

Thus the Churchill memoirs wonderfully with-stand the revisionist assault. They present a storywell worth telling and leave open the questions thatonly the future can answer. In chronicling the in-fluence of one man's wisdom, skill, and determina-tion on so mighty a sequence of events, they con-stitute a contribution to history that will live as longas the history of freedom is told. •


ACTION THIS DAY EDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON

THIRD QUARTER 1892 • Age 17In July Winston was unsuccess-

ful in writing an entrance examina-tion for Sandhurst. He stood 390thout of 693 candidates. However,out of 415 candidates who wroteEnglish History he stood eigh-teenth. Harrow's Headmaster, theRev. Welldon, advised him that"in coming back to school youshould be resolved to work not infits and starts but with persistentindustry" and that the "grammati-cal foundation of your languages isso uncertain that you lose markswhich other boys gain." Lord Ran-dolph wrote the Duchess of Marl-borough that if the boy failedanother examination which hewould write in November "I shallthink of putting him in business."When Winston returned to Harrowhe was joined by his brother, Jack,who shared a room with him.

The Churchill family was in diffi-cult financial straits and this forcedthem to give up 2 Connaught Placeand move in with the Duchess ofMarlborough at 50 GrosvenorSquare. The Unionist Governmentwas defeated that summer by theGladstone Liberals and the IrishNationalists. Lord Randolph sat inthe Opposition backbenches. Hecommented that he preferred theLiberals and would have becomeone were it not for Home Rule.

Although Lord Randolph' s friendsnoted a new irritability in hischaracter, he provided a rare andtherefore special moment in hisson's life. In My Eaily Life, Chur-chill recalled this event: "Onlyonce do I remember my father hav-ing breathed a word of complaintabout his fortunes to me . . . Hehad reproved me for startling himby firing off a double-barrelled gunat a rabbit which had appeared onthe lawn beneath his windows. Hehad been very angry and disturbed.Understanding at once that I wasdistressed, he took occasion toreassure me. I then had one of thethree or four long intimate conver-sations with him which are all Ican boast. He explained how oldpeople were not always very con-siderate towards young people,


that they were absorbed in theirown affairs and might well speakroughly in sudden annoyance. Hesaid he was glad I liked shooting,and that he had arranged for me toshoot on September 1 such par-tridges as our small property con-tained. Then he proceeded to talkto me in the most wonderful andcaptivating manner about schooland going into the Army and thegrown-up life which lay beyond. Ilistened spellbound to this suddencomplete departure from his usualreserve, amazed at his intimatecomprehension of all my affairs."

THIRD QUARTER 1917 • Age 42The Prime Minister, Lloyd

George, wanted to bring his oldfriend Winston Churchill back intothe Cabinet. Following the adviceof Lord Beaverbrook that the anti-Churchill sentiment could be over-come, he appointed Churchill asMinister of Munitions on 17 July.

The response was as expectedand was as intense in the Govern-ment coalition as anywhere. TheMorning Post warned that' 'neitherthe War Office nor the Board of Ad-miralty is likely to be safe from hisattention" and both the First Lordof the Admiralty and the Secretaryfor War threatened to resign. Adelegation of Tory MPs demandedthe intervention of Andrew BonarLaw but the Tory leader did notthink it was worth risking thedissolution of the coalition. Chur-chill expressed surprise at thevehemence of the concerns, parti-cularly because it came frommore than his political opponents.

The Morning Post was the mostoutraged of the press. The appoint-ment, it stated, "proves that al-though we have not yet inventedthe unsinkable ship, we have dis-covered the unsinkable politician.''It still blamed the Dardanelles onChurchill, "whose overwhelmingconceit led him to imagine he wasNelson at sea and a Napoleon onland."

At this time the Churchillschanged residences. In London theymoved back to 33 Eccleston Squareand purchased an Elizabethan

house called "Lullenden," nearEast Grinstead in Kent. Churchillleft his country home that summeronly to campaign in Dundee in aby-election, required because of hisministerial appointment. He wasre-elected by a margin of over 5,000votes.

Clementine noted that the depres-sion which had afflicted Winstonsince the Dardanelles quickly dis-appeared with the challenges of hisnew office. But the 12,000 officialsof the Ministry of Munitions werenot a sufficient challenge.Although he had promised that hewould make weapons, not plans,he quickly threw himself intoevery aspect of the war, much tothe expectations and consternationof his Cabinet colleagues.

He used his position to influencemilitary strategy and tactics in anumber of ways. When invited tothe War Cabinet as an observer, hewas never reticent in expressingunsolicited opinions and he directedthe distribution of materials in afashion to influence policy.

He visited the Front and touredthe devastation of the Somme.While his relations with GeneralHaig were cordial, the BritishCommander had "no doubt thatWinston means to do his utmost toprovide the army with all it re-quires, but at the same time he canhardly stop meddling in the largerquestions of strategy and tactics;for the solution of the latter he hasno real training, and his agile mindonly makes him a danger becausehe can persuade Lloyd George toadopt and carry out the mostidiotic policy."

Churchill's encouragement ofthe production and use of tankswas later noted by a Royal Commis-sion: "It was due to a receptivity,courage and driving force of the Rt.Hon. Winston Spencer Churchillthat the general idea of the use ofsuch an instrument of war as thetank was converted into practicalshape."

In April the United States haddeclared war on Germany and all ofEurope awaited the arrival of Amer-ican troops — forty-eight divisions

were heading for Europe. It wasChurchill's challenge to producemany of the weapons they wouldrequire. In doing so he met theChairman of the United States WarIndustries Board, Bernard Baruch,who would become his lifelongfriend.

THIRD QUARTER 1942 • Age 67As Churchill's Government

defeated a No Confidence motionin the House of Commons, theEighth Army finally stopped Rom-mel's advance in Egypt. Chur-chill's fear that the fate ofSingapore would befall Cairo wasnot to be realized.

On 19 July a high level Americandelegation including General Mar-shall, Admiral King and HarryHopkins arrived at Chequers todiscuss "Operation Sledgeham-mer," the invasion of the Cher-bourg Peninsula. Although Chur-chill also favoured "OperationJupiter," the invasion of Norway,the British proposed "OperationGymnast,'' the invasion of FrenchNorth Africa.

The British view prevailed andthe Americans agreed to an attackagainst North Africa, renamed"Operation Torch." Roosevelt ex-pressed the view that "the pastweek represented a turning pointin the whole war and that now weare on our way shoulder toshoulder."

They would also require theshoulder of the Russian bear andChurchill determined to visitStalin in his own den to gain sup-port for his invasion sequence ofAfrica, then Italy, then France. Onthe way to Moscow, he visitedEgypt to investigate personally theneed for a command change in theMiddle East. Because WSC wouldhave to fly in an unpressurizedairplane he practised using anoxygen mask, which he asked to beadapted to allow him to smokewhile wearing it.

In Egypt Churchill met with allthe commanders including Wavell,who came in from India. Smutsalso joined them from SouthAfrica. Determined to makechanges after visiting the EighthArmy at El Alamein, Churchilltelegraphed Attlee that he proposedthe following appointments: Alex-

ander as C-in-C, Near East Com-mand with Gott to command theEighth Army. The next day Gottwas killed and Churchill wanted toreplace him with Maitland Wilson,but under pressure from Smuts andBrooke, he appointed the little-known Bernard Montgomery.Auchinleck was offered the MiddleEast Command, Iraq and Persia.Churchill also visited the FourthHussars, in which he had served in1895.

Arriving in Moscow by way ofTeheran, the Churchill entourageincluded Averell Harriman, thepersonal representative of Presi-dent Roosevelt. After a "bleak andsombre" beginning, Churchill andStalin had a frank and productivefew days. While Stalin still arguedfor an attack on France, Churchillexplained why North Africa wasthe appropriate target. "If wecould end the year in possession ofNorth Africa, we could threatenthe belly of Hitler's Europe."Stalin replied: "May God help thisenterprise to succeed." Churchillalso assured the Russian leader that"Operation Bolero," the assem-blage of American and Common-

wealth forces in Britain for aneventual invasion across the Chan-nel, would proceed.

Although German troops were atthe time only fifty miles from Stal-ingrad, Churchill sent the follow-ing message to Attlee: "Stalin gaveme a full account of the Russianposition which seemed very en-couraging. He certainly speakswith great confidence of being ableto hold out to the winter."

When Churchill was back inEgypt on his return home, the raidon Dieppe, predominantly byCanadian forces, occurred. Chur-chill conducted his own investiga-tion of the fiasco, particularly onthe roles of General Montgomeryand of Combined Operations underAdmiral Louis Mountbatten. Manyyears later Churchill commentedthat the Dieppe raid "served tomake the Germans more consciousof danger along the whole of Oc-cupied France. This helped to holdtroops and resources in the west,which did something to take theweight off Russia."

While it appeared that Stalingradwould be lost, convoys were get-ting through and Russia wouldsurvive. Berlin was being bombedand the Germans were having dif-ficulty supplying Rommel. Chur-chill was meeting every Tuesdaywith Eisenhower to discuss"Torch." By the end of SeptemberChurchill said: "The tide ofdestiny is moving steadily in ourfavour, though our voyage will belong and hard."

THIRD QUARTER 1967Randolph and his son Winston

published The Six Day War, an ac-count of the Middle East conflict.It was first serialized by The Sun-day Telegraph and promoted as"The Churchills Go to WarAgain."

The reviews were generally fa-vourable. The noted military histo-rian Sir Basil Liddell Hart com-mented: ' 'It is very well written onthe whole, and in parts brilliantly,with a turn of phrase as superblyapt as that of Sir Winston Chur-chill himself, while free from anyrhetorical note. It is a fine piece ofjournalism and some of the chap-ters can be termed fine contribu-tions to historical literature . . ." •


ABOUT IL DUCE

'This whipped jackal, Mussolini, who to save his own skin hasnade all Italy a vassal state of Hitler's Empire, comes friskingap at the side of the German tiger with yelpings not only of ap-petite—that can be understood—but even of triumph! This absurdimposter..." ,

—world broadcast, 27 April 1941

k*"A-

'iSftwi- <

asBras

To the Italianpeople WSCbroadcast: "Wehave never beenyour foes, un-til now. (Mus-solini) hasarranged thetrustees andinheritors ofancient Rome onthe side of thepagan barbariansnow seeking todestroy theworld.

"There standsthe crime ofItalian history,and there standsthe man who haswrought thedeed of follyand of shame."

—1942

HPA LETTER FROM ROOSEVELT

"The other day, President Roosevelt gave his opponent*in thelate Presidential election a letter of introduction to me, andin it he wrote out a verse, in his own handwriting from Long-fellow, which, he said, applies to you people as it does tous. Here is the verse:

'Sail on,

0 Ship of State,

'Sail on 0 Union,

strong and great;

'Humanity, with

all its fears—

'With all the hopes

of future years--

'Is hanging,

breathless,

on thy fate.'

?^i';-^V-??p£

"Put your confidence In us. Give us your faith and your blessing,

and under Providence, all will be well. We shall not fail or falter,

we shall not weaken or tire. Neither the sudden shock of battle,

nor the long-drawn trials of vigilance will wear us down...

Give us the tools, and we will finish the job." —7 February 1941

Churchill earlier had described the possible actions of Russiaas "a riddle wrapped In a mystery inside an enigma," and fumedwhen the USSR and Hitler signed a non-aggression pact in 1939.But once Hitler followed his inevitable course and invaded Rus-sia, WSC sprang to the Soviets' defense:

"The Russiandanger is ourdanger. Let uslearn the les-sons alreadytaught by suchcruel experience,let us redoubleour exertionsand strike withunited strength,while life andpower remain."

--broadcastJune, 1941

In the Commonshe said:

"If Hitler in-vaded hell Iwould at leastmake a favor-able referenceto the devilin the Houseof Commons."

APOGEE

"ALL WILL COME RIGHT"

"This then is the message which we send forth to all the states

and nations bond or free, to all the men in all the lands

who care for freedom's cause, to our allies and well wishers

in Europe, to our American friends and helpers, drawing ever

closer In their might across the ocean. This is the message"

"Lift up your hearts. All will come right. Out of the depths of

sorrow and sacrifice will be born again the glory of mankind."

—June 1941

THE ATLANTIC CHARTER

At Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, 9 August 1941, Churchill andRoosevelt drafted the Atlantic Charter—a general agreementthat all governments should express popular will, and that af-ter the war all countries should strive for good relations.

On the 10th theyattended DivineService on thequarterdeck of thePrince of Wales.WSC found this"deeply moving...the Union Jackand the Stars andStripes drapedside by side...British and Ameri-can sailors, com-pletely inter-mingled...

"I chose the hymnsmyself...We endedwith '0 God OurHelp in Ages Past.'

"It was a greathour to live.Nearly half thosewho sang were soonto die.

(Prince of Waleswas sunk by theJapanese offSingapore, 10December 1941)

COVER STORY

Another Lap of Churchill's England1992 Conference Hosted by ICS/UK • Sixth ICS/USA TourBY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

ABOVE |L-R): Edmund Murray, Sir David Hunt, ICS/UK Chairman David Porter; Almquists, descending atUxbridge; W.O. Wren at the pi'

BELOW |L-R|: Anthony Montague Browne at Leeds Castle; Martin Gilbert as Pied Piper; paying respect at Bladon; "Se

WHAT stands out from the Sixth InternationalChurchill Tour on June 9th to 18th? Formembers of the capacity, record-size crowd

of fifty, there will be various answers. For me it wasJune 11th at Uxbridge where, by courtesy of the RoyalAir Force Commanding Officer and Warrant OfficerWren, we were privileged to descend the "Hole inthe Ground" where Winston Churchill visited on 15September 1940 — the crux of the Battle of Britain:1 'The odds were great; our margins small; the stakesinfinite."

Chris Wren, who has made an avocation of 17thFighter Group's underground command centre, stoodat the table where clerks had pushed wooden markersover a map of southeast England, charting the wavesof German attack planes and the doughty squadronsof "The Few" sent to turn them back. Without


notes or text, he held us spellbound for most of anhour. There are very few if any of us who will forgetthis experience.

It was, in all, a grand tour of the kind ICS has cometo expect and anticipate. For the hosts, the biggestpleasure was seeing the planning and hard work payoff. For the tour party, it was the joy of knowing, as somany said to us, that this was a special visit: to theEngland Churchill loved, experienced through thevoices of those who loved him, or who threw opentheir homes or facilities to welcome us.

Everything was built around the June 12-14th Inter-national Conference at the Copthorne EffinghamPark Hotel near Gatwick, hosted by the InternationalChurchill Society of the United Kingdom, and wewant to get to this piece of business right away:Everyone who attended, British, Canadian and

ALL THE BOOKS OF WINSTON S. CHURCHILL » "CHURCHILL BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA," PART 1, SECTION 4

"Painting As a Pastime" continued . . .

Foreign Language EditionsA125/Fil MAALAUS AJANVIETTEENA, KJG: Helsinki

1950A125/Fi2 MAALAUS AJANVIETTEENA, Gummeus: Hel-

sinki 1966A125/Fr LA PEINTURE MON PASSE-TEMPS, Editions de

la Pax: Paris 1949 (two formats: standard edition in palegreen paper boards with photo of the author painting;numbered edition with copies from 1-3000 and clothbinding matching A125a).

A125/Ge PENSIL UND PALLETTE, Hallwag: Bern, n.d.A125/Ja EGAKU TANOSHISHA, Bijutsu Shuppansha:

Japan 1951

A137 STEMMING THE TIDE

•A137(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1953)A137(a.l) First StateA137(a.2) Second State (remainder binding 1965)

The first state is bound in fine weave cloth and thejacket has decorative boideis, matching the style ofA130, A128, etc. The remainder binding, in a coarsercloth and all-black jacket, indicates its later date byjacket adverts for 1965 titles.

•A137(b) The American Edition (HM Co.: Boston 1953)

Foreign Language EditionsA137/Sw STROMKANTRING, Skoglund: Stockholm 1953

A128 EUROPE UNITE•A128(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1950)•A128(bJ The American Edition (HM Co.: Boston 1950)

Foreign Language EditionsA128/SwFORENADEEUROPA, Skoglund: Stockholm 1950

A130 IN THE BALANCE

A138 A HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PEOPLESAll editions are of four volumes unless otherwise stated, viz:

Vol 1: "The Birth of Britain"Vol2: "The New World"

•A130(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1951)•A130(b) The American Edition (HM Co.: Boston 1952)

Foreign Language EditionsA130/Sw: I VAGSKALEN, Skoglund: Stockholm 1952

A136 THE WAR SPEECHESDefinitive Edition; all editions are of three volumes, viz:Vol I: "From the Rise of Hitler to the Invasion of Russia,

June 22, 1941"Vol 2: "June 25, 1941 — September 6, 1943"

Vol 3: "September 11, 1943 — August 16, 1945"

•A136(a) The First Edition (Cassell: 1952)A136(a.l-2) two impressions, 1952/63

A proof copy of Vol 2 (bound in plain wrappers)stating "Second Edition" on its title page verso anddated "3/63" suggests the intention, at least, to pro-duce a later impression; but no changes in the textmean this is an impression, not an edition, despiteVol I being photo-reproduced.

•A136(b) The American Edn. (HM Co.: Boston 1953)•A136(c) "Great War Speeches" (Transworld, 1 vol paper-

back: 1957)A136(c.l-4) four impressions through 1963

•A136(d) The New Edition (Purnell-Cassell: c.1970)Blue leatherette blocked silver; photographically re-

produced from A136(a) but dimensionally smaller.

Vol 3: "The Age of Revolution"Vol 4: "The Great Democracies"

»A138(a) The First Edition (1956-58)A138(aa) The Home Edition (Cassell)

Minimum impressions: Vol 1: 10, Vol 2: 6, Vol 3: 4,Vol 4: 2

Publisher has issued paperback editions since atleast 1974, when the set was entitled "Churchill'sPeople." More recently issued in large format paper-backs, some boxed, the latest with wrapper designssimilar to first edition jackets. This Edition waspirated by Book World Co., Taipei, c.1960.

A138(ab) The American Edition (Dodd, Mead: New York)Impressions: Vol 1: 8, Vol 2: 7, Vol 3: 4, Vol 4: 1 thru1962.

A138(ac) The Book-of-the-Month Club Issue (Camp Hill,Pa.) Impressions: Vol 1: 22, Vol 2: 14, Vol 3: 12, Vol 4:10 thru 1962.

Published as a History Book Club selection, 1957.A138(ad) The Canadian Edition (McClelland & Stewart:

Toronto)A138(ad. 1) First State (presentation cancel, 200 copies)A138(ad.2) Second State (blue cloth; at least two im-pressions)A138(ad.3) Third State (red cloth)

Likely Book Club issue: on Vol 1 only, jacket statesBook-of-the-Month Club selection on both flaps.

• A138(b) "The American Civil War" (Excerpted Work, 1961)A138(ba) The Home Edition (Cassell)

A138(ba.l-2) two impressions 1961A138(bb) The American Edition (Dodd, Mead: NY)A138(bc) The First Paperback Edition (Apollo: NY 1966)A138(bd) The Second Paperback Edition (Corgi: 1970)A138(be) The Indian Edition (Natraj: Dehra Don, India

1978)A138(bf) The Second American Edition, (Fairfax House:

NY 1984)Text excerpted from A138(a), with a portfolio of

photographs by Matthew Brady and others.

»A138(c) "The Island Race" (Excerpted Work, 1964)A138(ca) The Home Edition (Cassell)

A138(ca.l-4) at least four impressions 1964/64/67/68

1.13 (rev. FH76, 1992)

Called "editions" on title page vezsos. Some third"editions" contain title page cancels imprinted "TheSwedish American Line" with half title cancels show-ing the MV "Stockholm," presented to passengers.

A138(cb) The American Edition (Dodd, Mead: NY 1964)A138(cb.l-2) at least two impressions, both 1964A138(cb.3) new impression, printed in Italy, 1987A138(cc) The Popular Edition (Dodd, Mead: NY 1968)

Reduced in size to 8x10".A138(cd) The Two-Volume Edition (Corgi: 1968)A138(cd.l-2) two impressions 1968/72

Large format in card wrappers, slipcased in twodistinct slipcase styles.

•A138(d) Chartwell Edn. (Educational Book Co.: 1956-58)Issued simultaneously with A138(a). Blue leather-

ette, red leather spine labels; blocked gilt. Plainglassine dust jackets. Volume I contains a special fore-word by the author.

Foreign Language EditionsAll editions are of four volumes unless otherwise stated

A138/Fr HISTOIRE, Plon: Paris 1956-59A138/Ge GESCHICHTE, Scherz: 1956-58A138/It STORIA, Mondadori: Rome 1956-58A138/NO HISTOIRIE SAGAEN ON DE ENGELSKTALEND

NASJONER, Cappelens: Oslo 1956-61A138/Pr HISTORIA DOS POVOS DE LINGUA INGLESA,

Brazil: Inst. Brasilieira de Difuso CulturalA138/Sp HISTORIA, Spanish Edition. Confirmation needed.A138/Sw HISTORIA, Skoglund: Stockholm 1956-58

A142 THE UNWRITTEN ALLIANCE (Cassell: 1961)One edition, one impression of 5000 copies, bound

and jacketed in the style of A137, A130, etc.

•A138(e) The Paperback Edition (1963)A138(ea) The American Issue (Bantam: NY 1963-)A138(eb) The English Issue (Cassell: 1968-date)

•A138(f) The Abridged One Volume Edition (1965)A138(fa) The First Edition (Dodd, Mead: New York)

A138(fa.l-3) at least three impreessionsA138(fb) The Canadian Edition (McClelland & Stewart:

Toronto)A138(fc) The Paperback Edition (Pocketbooks: NY 1966)A138(fd)TheSecondEdition(GreenwichHouse:NY1983)

•A138(g) The Blenheim/School Edition (Cassell, 12 vols:1965-66)A138(ga) The Blenheim EditionA138(gb) The School Edition

Specially excerpted and edited for young people.A138(ga) bound in plain green boards with color illus-trated dust jackets. A138(gb) bound in printed boardsto same design. Contents identical.

•A138(h) "Heroes of History" (Excerpted Work, 1968)A138(ha) The First Edition (Cassell)A138(hb) The American Issue (Dodd, Mead: New York)A138(hc) The Canadian Issue (McClelland Stewart:

Toronto)

• A138(i) The Purnell Edition (BPC/Purnell: Excerpted 1969)A138(ia) First State (23 individual magazines, sometimes

contained within seven blue binders with two addi-tional guidebooks.

A18(ib) Second State (23 volumes hardbound)Usually found in red leatherette blocked gilt but

also known in dark blue with red and gilt titles. Thiswork is listed for the record, but because it containscontributions from other authors, is more correctly acandidate for Woods Section "B." Profusely il-lustrated.

•A138(j) "Joan of Arc" (Excerpted Work, 1969)A juvenile, published by Dodd, Mead with color

illustrations by Lauren Ford.

•A138(k) The Easton Press Edition (Norwalk, Ct: 1992)A leatherbound limited edition, reproduced from

the Chartwell Edition, A138(d), including illustra-tions.

"A142/1" FRONTIERS AND WARS (1962)

•A142/l(a) The First Edition (Eyre & Spottiswoode)A142/l(a.l-2) two impressions in 1962

•A142/l(b) The American Issue (Harcourt, Brace &World: NY)

Apparently bound in USA with the English sheets.•A142/l(c) The Paperback Edition (Penguin: 1962)

A142/l(c.l-2) two impressions noted to dateFrontiers and Wars is mentioned by Woods under

Al, but since it is an abridgement of Al, A2, A4 andA4 it should be listed separately, much as, e.g.,A136.

A143 YOUNG WINSTON'S WARS (1972)

•A143(a) The First Edition (Leo Cooper)A143(a.l-2) two impresions, both 1972

•A143(b) The American Edition (Viking: New York)•A143(c) The Paperback Edition (Sphere)•A143(d) The Book Club Edition (Reader's Union: 1975)•A143/(e) "Winston Churchill War Correspondent 1897

1900" (Brassey's: 1992)

"A144" IF I LIVED MY LIFE AGAIN (W.H. Allen: 1974)A compilation of Churchill's writings by Jack

Fishman, poorly annotated but entirely WSC's work.

"A145" WINSTON S. CHURCHILL:THE COMPLETE SPEECHES 1874-1963 (8 Volumes)

•A145(a) The First Edition (Chelsea House/Bowker: NY1974)

•A145(b) The Paperback Condensed Edition (1983)

1.14 (rev. FH76, 1992)

"A146" THE COLLECTED ESSAYS OFSIR WINSTON CHURCHILL (4 volumes)

(Library of Imperial History, 1976)Vol 1: Churchill and War Vol 2: Churchill and PoliticsVol 3: Churchill and People Vol 4: Churchill at Large

•A146(a) The Centenary Limited Edition (vellum bound)• A146(b) The Centenary Edition (bound in quarter morocco)

The first publication in volume form of Churchill'sarticles for periodicals not previously published with-in any of his books. Foreword by Michael Wolff.

"A147" THE DREAM (Intl. Churchill Society: NH 1987)A limited edition of 500, of which 20 used hand-

made marbelized endpapers and the balance red moirecloth endpapers. First publication in volume form ofthe posthumous work first published in 1966; seeWoods C527. Foreword by Richard M. Langworth.

"A148" THE CHARTWELL BULLETINS 1935(Intl. Churchill Society: New Hampshire 1989)

Churchill's letters to his wife about politics and lifeand Chartwell, edited with a Foreword by MartinGilbert.

"A149" THE BOER WAR (1989)

•A149(a) The First Edition (Leo Cooper)•A149(b) The American Edition (W.W. Norton: New York)

A149(b.l) First IssueA149(b.2) Dorset House Reprint Issue, 1990

• A149(c) The Paperback Edition (Mandarin: 1990)This work combines the texts of A4, London to

Ladysmith via Pretoria, and A4, Ian Hamilton'sMarch in one volume.

"A" Titles Not Listed HereinThe above entries do not exhaust the ranks of Woods

Section A, but do encompass those works which mightlogically be termed "books." Other Woods "A" numbersrefer mostly to pamphlets, exceptions include such worksasA84(c) andA93(b), which were single speeches publishedin hard boards. In addition, there are several candidates forSection A which Woods classifies elsewhere, such as TenChapters (Db68), Churchill's Visit to Norway (Db74) andthe Grabhozn Press Addresses Delivered . . . in 1940 (Da5).And, of course, we sincerely hope that there are moreposthumous Churchill books to come. RML

COLLECTED EDITIONS• AA1: The Collected Works of Sir Winston Churchill.

London: Library of Imperial History, 1974-75. A 34-volumeset; about 2,000 sets published, mostly in vellum but alsolater bound in red morocco (about 40) cream morocco(about 10) and possibly custom bound. Reference: "TheSordid History of the Collected Woris," Finest Hour #57.

1.15 (rev.

• AA2: The Centenary First Edition of the Major Worksof Sir Winston Churchill. London: Diners Club with HamlynPublishing, 1974. A 25-volume set including A8, A31(4vols in5), A37, A40, A123, A138 and three volumes of war speeches.

ADDENDA• Al(ac) Canadian Colonial Issue (Toronto: Griggs 1898)• Al(dc) Paperback Issue (Mandarin Books: 1991)• A12(gd) Easton Press Issue (Norwalk, Ct.: 1992)• A37(ae) English Swedish Ed. (Bonners: Stockholm 1936/46)

ADDENDA: FOREIGNA37/Da: Card wrapper edn. 1956, paperback edn. 1973A37/Du: Second paperback edn. (Prisma: Utrecht, n.d.)A37/Sw[l] Reset Edn. in laminated boards, in print 1992.A37/Sw2 Swedish School Edn. (Bonniers: Stockholm 1936)A37/No2: MINE UNGE AR (1945) Title reverted to

UNGDOM in 1956 but was reset in smaller format.A40/It: Mondadori: Rome 1968, probably a later 2vol edn.A43/SW1: also published in Swedish in Helsinki.A45/Du SCHRITT FUR SCHRITT 1936-1939 (De Lange:

Amsterdam 1940)

CORRIGENDA• A12(ab): variants are A12(ab.l) and A12(ab.2)• A12(b): date is c.1909, not 1919• A31(ab) Vol 5: two impressions, not one.• A31(abb) Times Book Club Issue: Vols 1, 2,3a and 3b were

published. Questionable: Aftermath, Eastern Front.• A37(a): found in both rough and smooth cloth, with

three-line or five-line gilt titles on covers; seeillustration on page 1.16.

• A37(ab): The correction, adding a 12th title to thelist of author's books, appears on the verso of ahalf-title cancel, not a cancel of the title page.

• A40(ab) Times Book Club Vol. II exists, maybe III, IV• A40(bb) First impression was in 1946, second in 1950.• A43(a): Jackets are identical on 1st and 2nd impsns.• A123(ba): 100 sets were bound in black leather by

publisher as presentation copies.

CORRIGENDA: FOREIGNA31b/Pr is likely to have been an unabridged set; three

volumes have been examined covering 1911-14 andhalf of 1915.

A31b/Sw: correct spelling is VARLDSKRISENA31d/Sw: sold as four volumes with illustrated card wraps.A37/No: change to A37/Nol. See under A37/No2 Addenda.A37/Sw: change to A37/Swl. See under A37/Sw[l] Addenda.A123/Ja: Mainichi Newspapers (24 vols), Japan, undated.

Special NoteA113 War Speeches 1940-1945

"Foreign language editions should probably containonly AU3/Dal, AU3/Du and AU3/Ru. The others arereally abridged versions of the seven war speech volumesA66-A114. A113/Fi and AU3jSwl are far morecomprehensive." -Mark Weber

Further CorrectionsPlease send your comments and corrections to Richard M.Langworth, ICS Publications, PO Box 385, Hopkinton, NewHampshire 03229 USA.

FH76, 1992)

Colonial issues of Malakand & Saviola, ICS Al(ab), A3(bb). Four different issues of The Great War, ICS A31(d).

River War firsts, A2(a), flanking abridged edition, A2(b). Varying cover titles of My Early Life, Woods A37(a)

First English & US Edition Ladysmith, ICS A4(a) & A4(b). The two variant spine titles of India, ICS A38(a).

THOUGHTSAND

ADVENTURES

Peoples Rights first, A16(a), and reprints, A16(ba), A16(bb). Editions of Thoughts and Adventures, A39(a), (c|, (d) and (b).

1.16 (rev. FH76; 1992)

American, owe a mighty debt of gratitude to the UKCommittee, especially chairman David Porter andhis wife Betty; and Pauline and David Merritt andDiane and David Boler, who handled every detail ofthe organization; and Michael Wybrow and MarkWeber, who drew from their collections to constructa fascinating display of Churchilliana. This exhibit —books, magazines, newspapers, photos, artifacts —really required a week, not a day, to appreciate. Like

in 1939 — that by doing so she lost an Empire andturned Europe over to two superpowers, losing con-trol of her destiny. Charmley and we had a right jollygo at each other after his speech, and he proved a very"charmley" antagonist! We enjoyed a cup of tea withhim later and vowed to meet again on some futurebattlefield.

The two other daytime speakers brought perspec-tive from personal experience: Sir David Hunt, a

W «f if - .J l It

•••' J I V • U

itting board. Reception at Dover Town Hall with Lord Warden paintings; St. George's School, Ascot, the punishment room at lower left,

ven Stones" at Broadstairs, Kent; the Lewises, Comegys', Laufmans, author and Clarks at Canterbury, 17 June.

everything else, there just wasn't enough time.The Conference actually began at Chartwell July

12th, where we hosted delegations of boys from Har-row and Tonbridge Schools; after a house tour withJean Broome and Grace Hamblin, and followinglunch, Merry Alberigi delivered a slide lecture onChurchill the Painter. Next, we all trooped to thestudio to see the massive paintings collection. (Weare sorry that through an error in a mailing some UKpeople did not arrive in time for Merry's talk; stickwith us, though; it will happen again.)

An important part of ICS/UK's Conference was thelist of speakers, which proved both instructive andchallenging. The most challenging was ProfessorJohn Charmley of the University of East Anglia, whoreiterated the arguments of Cambridge's MauriceCowling, that Britain should never have gone to war

private secretary during the 1951-52 Premiership; andEdmund Murray, bodyguard to WSC from 1950through 1965. Sir David bowled everyone over withhis penetrating comparison of Attlee's andChurchill's work methods — the one dynamic andforceful, the other laid back and wishing to put thingsoff. (The two descriptions are opposite from what youexpect!) His stories of WSC interjections at Cabinetmeetings were priceless. "Where the hell are theBritish Virgin Islands?," someone asked during adiscussion of Britain's colonial defense commitmentsin 1952. The answer came in a murmur from thePrime Minister: "A bloody long way from the Isle ofMan, I hope!"

Many have heard Eddie Murray, but never has hebeen so good. His remarks must be honed to perfec-tion from his many appearances over the past years,


but they managed to be warm, comprehending andinspiring at the same time — cognizant of Churchill'sfaults, appreciative of the virtues that so utterlyoutweighed them. It was a speech charged at the endwith emotion, as Eddie described the man he hadknown and served, bringing tears to many.

To the banquet on June 13th our UK hosts broughtthe Hon. Nicholas Soames, grandson of WSC, son ofthe late Lord Soames and ICS patron Lady Soames.Re-elected to Parliament in 1992, he is ParliamentarySecretary at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries andFood. In the style of his late father, Nicholas drew afine portrait of the Churchill he knew as a boy, grow-ing up at Chartwell Farm, and coming only graduallyto realise that Grandpapa was not only a kindlygrandparent, but a larger-than-life figure, a legend inhis time.

Events continued Sunday with a spectacular walk-ing tour of "Churchill's London," led by officialbiographer Martin Gilbert, who said he felt like thePied Piper with a crowd of 75 trailing in his wake.From Victoria Station to Morpeth Mansions toWhitehall to Horse Guards Parade and Northumber-land Avenue (where WSC observed the end of WorldWar I), Gilbert charged rapidly at a military pace,stopping to tell what happened at each place, quotingfrom his books or WSC's letters and speeches. Martinput everyone on a personal level with history. He wasparticular to point out Number Ten Annex — the in-nocuous row of offices above the more celebratedCabinet War Rooms, where Churchill actually ranWorld War n, avoiding the underground bomb shelteras much as possible. Our only problem on this tourwas the constant worry of someone being hit by a car.Fortunately, it was Sunday; the traffic was light andthe Gods were with us.

Sunday evening we reconvened back at the Cop-thorne, where ICS/UK treated us to a dinner dance,at which far too many people left early. They thusmissed a marvelous display of dancing led by UKChairman David Porter with his wife Betty, whowere celebrating their wedding anniversary. As thetempo increased the serious dancers got busy. WhileDiane Boler and Richard Langworth gamely com-peted, the master of ceremonies gave top marks toBarbara Langworth and Morgan Lewis of SouthCarolina, calling them "the South Surrey DancingChampions 1974." (We're not sure if that is a plus ora minus!)

Wrote Morgan Lewis: "Although I was impressedwith her tour-guide abilities, I was astonished to findanyone with her dance rhythm living north of theMason-Dixon Line. Barbara's heart may belong toNew Hampshire, but her dancing feet belong to theOld South."

The Conference continued! After transferring thetour party to Canterbury, we met again with Britishcolleagues at Leeds Castle, a Royal residence for 300years and a favorite of Churchill's, for a dinner hostedby ICS/USA with Anthony and Shelagh Montague


Browne. Here Anthony ably performed a high service.Our chief speaker was to have been Jonathan Aitken,MP, Minister of Defence Procurement in the newBritish government. But a crucial vote was on, athree-line whip invoked, and Jonathan was confinedto Westminster! Anthony responded to our desperateplea for a bail-out by delivering nearly an hour'sworth of recollections from his years as Sir Winston'sprivate secretary, from 1952 to the end. We were allmost grateful, particularly the Lloyds of LondonTable, colleagues of David Boler, who put their tableup for auction later.

Space is running out and I haven't told you the halfof it. From Canterbury we enjoyed a marvelousprivate visit to "Seven Stones," the beautiful brickhouse at Broadstairs on the Channel, where Chur-chill and Montgomery went to plan and sleep duringthe early stages of the Normandy Invasion. Ourhostess was Mrs. R.W.S. Brenner, who with hergrandsons does all the gardening, and whose daughtersupervised an outstanding tea. We saw WSC's diningroom (with a foot bell under the carpet to summon at-tention), his bedroom (at the back of the house inconsideration of air raids), and the garden where, in abuilding now moved, Marigold Churchill died in1921. Was it his memories of his sadly lost three-year-old that brought Churchill back to this site in1944? Nobody is certain.

We visited the newly opened defense catacombsunder Dover's white cliffs, where Churchill gloweredacross the Channel at the enemy; Sandwich, one ofthe Cinque Ports, where we were welcomed by HisHonour the Mayor; Dover and Walmer Castle, seat ofthe Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, where we ex-amined the Lord Warden's standard (cover photo)courtesy John Moir of Dover District Council; St.Margaret's Bay and its lovely Nemon statue; DoverCastle; and Hellfire Corner, displaying a Dover streetscene in the Blitz.

Nor, except for Uxbridge, have I said a thing aboutwhat we did before the Conference! Anchored happilyat Ye Olde Bell at Hurley (dating to 1130, England'soldest Inn — at which, we found, Churchill andEisenhower stayed at during the war), we made daytrips to a host of interesting places. There was St.George's School, Ascot, where young Winston wasseriously birched (Headmistress Mrs. Griggs showedus the very room); Sandhurst, where WSC came intohis own as a gentleman-cadet (Capt. Morris, WRACwas our knowledgeable guide); Blenheim, where ad-ministrator Paul Duffie welcomed us with a personalmessage from absent hon. member The Duke ofMarlborough; Woodstock, where Mrs. Jean Panterand the Bucks, and Berks. Churchill Fellows joinedus for lunch; Harrow, where we were addressed byHeadmaster Nick Bomford and lectured by expertguides Jim Golland and Jean Leaf; Bladon, where weplaced a floral tribute on the Great Man's grave; theCity of London Cemetery, where we did likewise atthe grave of Mrs. Everest, maintained by ICS/UK.

page 22

Above: at Chartwell's terrace is a newly in- Above: The Nemon statue of Sir Winston on Above: Barbara Langworth places a floral re-stalled plaque paying tribute to "The Few" its handsome polished black marble plinthe membrance on the grave of Nanny Everest,who secured the house for posterity. in the garden at St. Margaret's Bay, Kent. WSC's nurse, at the City of London Cemetery.

Above: Mrs. R.W.S. Brenner & grandson at"Seven Stones," where WSC stayed duringNormandy period. This is also the sitewhere Marigold Churchill died in 1921.

Below: We were honored with an officialgreeting at Harrow by Headmaster NickBomford. Jim Golland and Jean Leaf thenconducted us on a tour of WSC's old school.

Above: Number 11 Morpeth Mansions (toptwo floors), WSC's London home in theWilderness Years, pointed out by MartinGilbert on our June 13 th London walking tour.

Below: ICS/USA treasurer George Lewisleaving the Carlton Club with co-host GarryClark, following a private tour and examina-tion of two Churchill portrait paintings.

Above: The Royal Military Academy atSandhurst, where young Winston first cameinto his own as a student of military strategyand tactics; he graduated at a high level.

Below: The former Ministry of MunitionsBuilding, Northumberland Avenue. Fromthe upper center window WSC observed thecelebration of Armistice Day 1918.

Speakers at 1992 Conference & Tour included Edmund Murray, bodyguard 1950-65. Above, at center, Young WSC's Har-row chair. Right: Hon. Nicholas Soames, WSC's grandson. Below: Charlotte Nicholson, Dallas, with Randolph Churchill.

On June 11th at The Bell, we entertained the firstof our six speakers, Randolph S. Churchill, son ofWinston, son of Randolph, son of Winston, son ofRandolph — and his gracious wife Catherine. Ran-dolph brought his view of what his great grandfathermeans to youth, including an amazing file of news-paper clips presented to him at birth by Jock Whitney,onetime US Ambassador to Britain — he was bornonly a few days before Sir Winston died. It was ourpleasure too, that night, to welcome old friends —hon. member Robert Hardy, and former chairman ofICS/UK Geoffrey Wheeler. Such people as these arealways a special treat.

Pictures substitute for thousands of words so I willstop. It was a truly wonderful ten days. The tourhosts — Barbara Langworth, Garry Clark and thiswriter — are deeply grateful to those who came, andthose who made it possible, for making our part inthe proceedings such a delight from start to finish.

What next? The Churchill Tours are bi-annual, soyou can expect the next one to occur in the summerof 1994. The venue: Scotland, where a remarkablenumber of Churchill-related places exist, including— if we can figure out how to make it up there —misty Scapa Flow. There is so much history still torelive. Stand by for developments! •

Thanks to All Who Helped

The Lady Soames, DBE • Peregrine Spencer ChurchillRandolph and Catherine Churchill • The Hon. Nicholas Soames, MP

Martin Gilbert, CBE • Mr & Mrs Winston S. ChurchillJonathan Aitken, MP • Mr & Mrs Anthony Montague Browne

Grace Hamblin, Jean Broome, Wendy Parfitt, Mrs. Fletcher and the Staff ofChartwell • Sir David Hunt • Edmund Murray • Jeremy Bennett • Merry LeeAlberigi, Celwyn P. Ball 'Management and Staff, Ye Old Bell, Copthome,Country &. Regents Park Hilton Hotels • Col. Sir Brian Barttelot, BT, OBE, DL,

Coldstream Guards, Wellington Barracks, London • Mrs. Griggs, Head-mistress, St. George's School, Ascot, Berkshire • City of London Cemetery

Capt. Morris, WRAC, Headquarters, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst(HMS Camberley| • His Grace the Duke of Marlborough & James Duffie,

administrator, Blenheim Palace • Jean Panter and the Berks., Bucks.,& Oxon. Region, Association of Churchill Fellows • Warrant Officer Wren,RAF Uxbridge • Nick Bomford, Headmaster, and Jean Leaf of Harrow School

His Honour Mayor H.J. Bragg of Sandwich • J.P. Moir, Chief Executive,Dover District Council • Mrs. R.B.S. Brenner and "Seven Stones"

Judy Murray and the Staff of Leeds Castle • Staff and Directors of Walmer andDover Castles • Canterbury and Sandwich City Guides • David Merritt,

David Boler, Michael Wybrow, Mark Weber, Tom Cawte,David Porter of ICS/UK • Marlborough Arms, Black Horse Pub,

Red Lion Pub, Britannia Ltd. • Martin Cowen &. the Carlton Club

Thanks to All Who Came

Merry &. Glen Alberigi, Novato Ca (Merry is Vice President, 1CS/USA)Marianne & Karl Almquist, Phoenix AZ (Marianne is Director, ICS/Arizona|

Pat & Celwyn Ball, Moncton NB (Celwyn is Chairman, Intl. Council &secretary, ICS/Canada] • Lorraine & Bill Beatty, Henrietta NY (their fifth

Churchill Tour out of six run| • Beverly & Gary Bonine, Detroit MIGarry Clark, Old Stevenage, Hertfordshire • Brenda & Ross Clouston,

Osprey FL • Adelaide & Brock Comegys, Wenham MA • Irene & DonaldCom, Carlsbad CA • Irene Costas & Elliott Costas, Victoria TX

Mary & Fenton Cunningham, Asheville NC • Alan Fitch, Louisville KY(ICS Stores) • Dorothy & Robt Hartland, Chevy Chase MD • Ann &

Richard Hazlett, Dallas TX (ICS N. Texas) • Ron Helgemo, Reston VABarbara & Richard Langworth, Hopkinton NH • Patricia & Alan Laufman,Dallas TX • Posey & Richard Leahy, Norwell MA • Barbara & Geo Lewis,Westfield NJ (Treas., ICS/USA) • Pat & Morgan Lewis, N. Myrtle Beach SCJohn David Marshall, Murfreesboro TN • David McCook, Apple Valley, MN

Charlotte & Earl Nicholson, Dallas TX • Carol & John RonsonMississauga, Ontario • Aide Reid Schoenfeld, Washington DC •

Barbara & Donald Stephens, Jr., Gladstone ORKathleen & John Utz, Green Lane, PA • Virginia & Norman West, Vienna WV


"Teaching the Next Generation';Hyde Park Welcomes Lady Soames

BY DR. CYRIL MAZANSKY

Left: Patron of the Societies Lady Soames with Dr. Cyril Mazansky at the Roosevelt Library, August 15th.Right: Lady Soames places a wreath on the graves of President and Mrs. Roosevelt.

HYDE PARK, 15 AUGUST 1943The secret is out and I can now say that the Prime

Minister and his daughter, with other members of hisparty, were at Hyde Park. We had picnic lunches bothdays and tried to give them as many American thingsto eat as we could think of. I found that even thePrime Minister learned to eat corn on the cob quiteproficiently before he left. Miss Mary Churchill isyoung and lovely-looking and full of life. It was a joyto see how much she enjoyed doing the things thatare a part of our country life here and would normallybe part of her country life at home.

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT, "MYDAY," 17 AUGUST 1943

FORTY-NINE years exactly to the day since MaryChurchill last visited Hyde Park, she returned:now Lady Soames, but still ' 'young and lovely-

looking and full of life." And it was our joy, like thatof Mrs. Roosevelt, to join with the Roosevelt Libraryin welcoming her back to "Springwood," the Roose-velt country home, last August 15th.

"Now that was an Event!" This is how one Friendof the Society described a highly successful and emo-tionally charged meeting. It was certainly a uniqueopportunity, to view under one roof a significantassortment of Churchill's paintings, and to behonored by the presence of the Patron of the Chur-chill Societies, Lady Soames.

The weekend began at a small private dinner withthe leadership of the Society and Lady Soames,specially catered by the Culinary Institute of Americaand held in one of the private rooms of their restau-rant . On Saturday some of us accompanied Lady Soameson a tour of Franklin Roosevelt's home and Libraryand Museum, followed by a tour of Eleanor Roose-velt's home, Vall-Kil, a few miles up the road. Thelibrary staff and Park Service very kindly provided

pre-arranged guided tours. It was particularly touch-ing since it was exactly forty-nine years to the day,that the then twenty-one year old Mary Churchill ac-companied her father on a visit to Hyde Park. LadySoames saw the room in which Sir Winston slept. Hermemory was rather vague as to which room she oc-cupied. However, her memory of the summer cookoutprovided by the Roosevelt family stood out clearly inher mind. We were handed a copy of Eleanor Roose-velt's article describing the event, in her column,"My Day," in the local newspaper. We then went onto Vall-Kil where Lady Soames remembered having apicnic by the swimming pool on the property.

The main event of the weekend began at fiveo'clock when everyone gathered in the Library andMuseum. After brief comments by Verne Newton,Director of the Library, I welcomed Lady Soames. Shedevoted the next half an hour talking about herfather's love affair with painting, describing thebackground to a number of the paintings and anec-dotes surrounding many of them. These paintingscovered the full expanse of his painting career. Shevividly brought these alive, and for a while we wereall transported along as enthusiastic passengers on SirWinston's "Joy Ride in a Paint Box." After that, in-dividuals leisurely studied the paintings.

At six-thirty we followed Lady Soames to thewalled garden of the Roosevelt home where she laid awreath at the graves of Franklin and Eleanor Roose-velt. Mr. Newton privately commented on a photo-graph in the Museum archives showing Sir Winstonperforming the same mark of respect at Franklin'sgrave when he came in 1946 to say goodbye to hisclose wartime friend and colleague. Following this wereturned to the library for cocktails. Lady Soamesmust have developed writer's cramp as she spent thenext hour signing her books for people. Everyone ob-


viously came well prepared. Her book on her father'spaintings was present in abundance, along with her"Clementine Churchill" and "Family Album."

A four course dinner was then held in nearbyRhinebeck at the 1776 Tavern of the Beekman ArmsInn, said to be the oldest inn in America. The eveningended with short comments by the President andVice-President of ICS/USA and a presentation toLady Soames. This was a small limited edition platewith a painting of Sir Winston at his easel paintingChartwell. The artist is Edwina Sandys, a niece ofLady Soames and daughter of Sir Winston's eldestdaughter, Diana. Edwina is a resident of New York.

I felt the event was successful from two very dif-ferent perspectives. For the one hundred and twenty-five Friends who attended, the renewal of old andthe establishment of new relationships is alwaysrewarding. The educational and visual experience

was a once-in-lifetime event and the opportunity tomeet our Patron was sufficient reward itself. How-ever for me there was another aspect of the eventwhich was without doubt the most rewarding. I wasboth honored and fortunate to be in close companywith Lady Soames the whole weekend. I thereforecould closely observe and share in her reactions to theevents and experiences. I do not believe I am misjudg-ing or writing out of turn when I express my impres-sions. For her, too, it was an emotionally-filledweekend. Memories and experiences long dormantcame rushing to the fore. As she observed scenes andspoke about her father there were many times whenher eyes became tearful. My reward for the effort andpleasure of organizing this event was that I know,that instead of just being on the receiving end of ourPatron's graciousness, we could for once give hersomething important in return. •

ICS/UK Sends Roving AmbassadorsX San Francisco Welcomes Edmund & Beryl Murray

BY SHIRLEY GRAVES & MERRY ALBERIGI

Left: at the Stanford Court Hotel in San Francisco: Merry Alberigi, Eddie Murray, Meghan Lynch. Right: Canadian ConsulGeneral Percy Eastman, Beryl Murray, Gordon Newss, Jr., Chris Ide, Peggy Eastham and Bruce Bogstad.

FOR FIFTEEN years Sir Winston Churchill waswatched over with care by his bodyguard andfriend, Edmund Murray, Detective Sergeant of

the Metropolitan Police, Special Branch, New Scot-land Yard. Murray accompanied Sir Winston on jour-neys to Marrakech and Monaco and joined him in thecompany of presidents and princes. He was 33 yearsold when he met Winston Churchill and was withWSC from 1955 to 1965.

For several hours on the afternoon of 2 August1992, Eddie Murray shared his memories of the yearshe spent with Churchill with an audience of seventy-five International Churchill Society Friends, guests,and students, gathered for the California Chapter's1992 Teaching the Next Generation Benefit at theStouffer Stanford Court Hotel, in San Francisco, siteof the 1990 International Churchill Conference.

Sponsorships from the Friends of ICS allowed thirtyhigh school and university students to join us.

Through events such as this the Society is rapidly ex-panding the role it plays in education, especially inteaching the next generation of leaders. Churchill'swords during World War II illustrate what ICS be-lieves is possible for the young: "Give us the tools,and we will finish the job." ICS is providing studentsan essential tool: the opportunity to learn throughfirst hand contact with people who have madehistory, or who can impart the history through whichthey have lived.

The pride with which Eddie Murray recalls his ser-vice to Britain's great Prime Minister was evident,and the love he still feels for his former charge over-whelmed the listeners. The protector of WinstonChurchill is still his protector; he now protects theheroic memory. He is proud of having served, and isdetermined that the world remembers, and he reg-ularly appears before school groups and communityorganizations. As an active member of the Interna-


tional Churchill Society, United Kingdom, he spokethis summer at the International Conference hostedby the UK Society. ICS is pleased to have arranged anadditional speaking engagement for Eddie before theRoyal Canadian Legion in San Francisco.

The 2 August program included a student speaker,Meghan Lynch, who attended the CaliforniaChapter's dinner last November, when MartinGilbert spoke. A senior at the Urban School of SanFrancisco, she is co-president of the student body andrepresentative member of the school's Board of Direc-tors. Besides maintaining a 4.0 grade average,Meghan enjoys acting and drama and plans to majorin Communication and Broadcasting in college. Ac-companying her were her mother, father, grand-mother, and sister.

Meghan's grandfather, a journalist, served in WorldWar II and spent three years confined to a prisoner ofwar camp. He kept a diary in which he recorded quo-tations by Sir Winston Churchill which had been aninspiration to him. This became his granddaughter'sintroduction to WSC. ' 'Fifty years later,'' noted MerryAlberigi, "Churchill's words are giving inspiration toa woman too young to have been born in his lifetime,just as they gave hope to her grandfather. By sharingher grandfather's diary she keeps his memory aliveand, in her own way, the memory of Sir WinstonChurchill. She is an example of how history lives on."

Meghan proved an inspiration as she capably ad-dressed the group: "I am honored to have been askedto speak here this afternoon. I was first introduced tothe International Churchill Society when I was in-vited to attend the Teaching the Next Generationdinner last November. It was a lot of fun,- I was sur-prised. . . . All the adults were so excited about hav-ing the students here and being able to share withthem the life of Winston Churchill. It was encourag-ing and I was made to feel very welcome.

"Since November, I have read a book called, Chur-chill In His Own Words. He wrote about his strugglewith mathematics and referred to a 'dragon called thedifferential calculus.' I have my own problems withmathematics . . . and here was a world leader, one ofthe most infuential men of the twentieth century,talking about his similar problems, with a sense ofhumor that I feel makes Churchill appealing and easyto identify with. It makes him noticeable as a person,rather than as some looming historical figure.

"And he was very eloquent. . . . He loved thelanguage and had this sense of its nuances. If thatwere the only reason he should be a role model tostudents, it would be a good one in itself." (Much ap-plause!) She added her wish that schools would teachmore about Winston Churchill because he "gives aface to history."

As Eddie Murray stated, "Churchill would haveappreciated Meghan's great oratory. Standing there sobeautifully, and so responsible, she delivered themessage we want to get over to the young people: thatChurchill was not only of my generation; he is of thegeneration of the future, and of the world to come."

Edmund Murray's dedication to Sir Winston wasrecognized by a long-time Friend of ICS, CaliforniaState Senator Milton Marks, who sent an impressiveCertificate of Recognition from the Senate. As theCalifornia Chapter's token of gratitude, and with Ed-die's and Beryl's love of San Francisco in mind, wepresented them with the book, Above San Francisco,by San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen.Meghan received a copy of Churchill's My AfricanJourney.

Meghan made an astute observation about theFriends of ICS when she said we were excited abouthaving students attend our special events. We arehonored they would come to hear about WinstonChurchill. They demonstrate their commitment tolearning by being with us and we will continue toreach out to them at every opportunity. As JonathanMendelson of Crystal Springs Uplands School wroteto us following Eddie's lecture, "Hearing about thelife of Sir Winston Churchill first hand brings to lifesuch an important historical figure, much more effec-tively than a textbook."

1992 BENEFIT PACKAGEWe have prepared a package from the event which

includes the eight-page commemorative program andnewspaper articles. VIDEO: We also have a120-minute video of the program in VHS format.

These may be ordered from ICS-California Chapter,P.O. Box 5037, Novato, California 94948 at $8.00postpaid for the 1992 Benefit Package and $15.00postpaid for the Video. (UK, Canada, or Australiaplease add $3 for extra snipping and send theequivalent in your currency but payable to ICS.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSchools represented in Teaching the Next Generation: The Bran-

son School, Cal Poly-Pomona, Crystal Springs Uplands School,Lick-Wilmerding High School, Los Gatos High School, LowellHigh School, Marin Academy, Marin Catholic High School, Mis-sion High School, Novato High School, San Domenico, Terra LindaHigh School, University of California at Berkeley, Urban School,West Valley College, and Woodside Priory School.

The generosity of our Friends enabled us to invite thirty studentsfrom more than a dozen high schools and universities around theSan Francisco Bay Area. We gratefully acknowledge our sponsorswithout whom this event would not have been possible:

STUDENT TABLE SPONSOR: Michael W. and Ellen Michelson,San Francisco. STUDENT CHAIR SPONSORS: Glen and MerryAlberigi, Novato; Homer G. Angelo, San Rafael; Fred Lee Barber,New York, New York; Colin D. Clark, Paso Robles; Donald andIrene Corn, Carlsbad; Jefferson and Shirley Graves, San Anselmo;Duvall Hecht, Costa Mesa; Gerald Drake Kambestad, Santa Ana;Raymond and Nancy Kann, Hillsborough; Judge and Mrs. RichardLavine, Los Angeles; Richard and Molley Lowry, San Francisco;and Louisa Tuncil, San Rafael.

BUSINESS DONORS: Calistoga Sparkling Mineral Water,Calistoga; Stouffer Stanford Court Hotel, San Francisco, under thedirection of Nick Bonnell; and Mirassou Vineyards, San Jose.

COMMITTEE: Merry Alberigi, Co-Chairman; James L. Johnson,Co-chairman; Shirley Graves. ASSISTANCE: Glen Alberigi, BruceBogstad, Rhonda Boughtin, Derek Brownleader, Nancy Kay,Richard and Barbara Langworth, Senator and Mrs. Milton Marks,Alice Needham, Dana Niendorf, Kifby Odawa, Elaine Oldham, JoyPhoenix, and Jacqueline Witter. •


Book Reviews:Harmon on Jablonsky . . . Jablonsky on HarmonRetreat Australia: David Day is Back

"Are We Beasts?" Churchill and the Moral Questionof World War II "Area Bombing"

by Christopher C. Harmon. Newport, R.I.: Naval WarCollege, December 1991. Softbound, 34 pages. Avail-able from ICS New Book Service on special order (seesidebar).

Reviewed by David JablonskyThis monograph is the first of the "Newport

Papers," a series instituted by the Center for NavalWarfare Studies at the Naval War College. The title isfrom Churchill's reaction to film footage of the June1943 bombing campaign against the populous indus-trial centers of the Ruhr. At the conclusion of thefilm, the British leader safe bolt upright and ex-claimed: "Are we beasts? Are we taking this too far?"The answer to the first question, as Dr. Harmon con-vincingly demonstrates, is that they were not beasts,but leaders of an alliance desperately attempting topreserve their world from a "bestial hegemon." Thateffort, in turn, led to area bombing, a choice of meansthat leads the author to more tentative, but equallywell thought out answers to Churchill's secondquery.

Dr. Harmon's search for these answers takes placein three contiguous areas of strategic influence: moral(and legal), political, and military. In terms of themoral/legal aspects, the decisive factors for theBritish strategic bombing decision were the innatejustice of the allied course juxtapositioned with theimminent and particularly evil nature of the danger— in Churchill's words, an impending "long night ofbarbarism." Such an approach, the author points out,has led in the past to willful extensions into the ab-surd, with self-interested and evil acts often justifiedby appeals to necessity. This was not the case, hedemonstrates, in the early years of the war. Not onlywas the peril to Great Britain palpable throughoutthat nation in 1940-41, but the German repudiationof traditional laws of armed conflict was in dailyevidence, whether in the mass bombing of Europeancities, the deployment of magnetic naval mines, or inthe institutionalized atrocities committed againstcivilians on the subdued continent under the Nazi"New Order." As it was, not until three weeks afterthe September 1940 Blitz did Churchill loosen policy

David Jablonsky is an Infantry Colonel in the UnitedStates Army. Christopher C. Harmon is completingfour years of teaching on the Strategy faculty of theUnited States Naval War College. H. Ashley Redburnis a senior editor of Finest Hour.

concerning alternate bombing targets, and even then,military targets were the principal and normally theonly bombing objectives through the remainder of1940 and 1941.

Nevertheless, however slowly, RAF mass bombingdid evolve, due in part to Churchill's preoccupationwith three vital political audiences. The first was inGermany where the British leader considered that re-taliation would teach the people ' 'war is not all lootand triumph" — a harsh message which, he calcu-lated, even Goebbels could not censor. Then therewas the British public whose national will andmorale, so essential in Churchill's framework forsuccess in total war, required evidence that somehowGreat Britain was taking the war to Germany — atask that only the RAF could accomplish for much ofthe war. Finally, the bomber offensive was alsotargeted on the political audiences in the USA andUSSR, as proof that Britain intended to fight on.

The military rationale for the air offensive againstGermany was closely linked to these politicalmotives. If, for example, that offensive was a politicalinducement for the Kremlin to remain in the war, itwas also designed at the operational level to provide asteady and injurious distraction for Germany behindthe Eastern Front. The problem was that the onlyweapon with which Britain could strike back at Ger-many proved, in the author's words, to be a "brutishclub," particularly after the RAF switched to nightbombing. For Churchill, there was only the brief ac-ceptance of "Bomber" Harris' contention that theuse of this club on German cities could win the war.From 1942 on, as Dr. Harmon demonstrates, theBritish leader viewed the RAF bombing offensive interms of the general weakening of Germany and theincreasing relevance for supporting the anticipatedreentry on the continent.

It was in this milieu that the February 1945 bomb-ing of Dresden occurred, an event for which theBritish Prime Minister was ultimately responsibleand which deeply affected him as his consequentdraft memorandum against "terror" bombing demon-strated. Nevertheless, as Dr. Harmon convincinglyargues, the Dresden bombing did not negate the"tragic necessity" of British strategic bombing formuch of the war. As the arbiter of his nation's fate,Churchill's view of what was allowable in history'smost ferocious war moved rationally along a "slidingscale" that measured the strength and evil of theenemy and the degree of Britain's mortal peril. And ifincreasingly extreme British countermeasures ex-ceeded the bounds of customary laws of war, itshould not be forgotten that World War II was hardly


i ••••. • * . * ; ;

#1037 #1038

ICS NEW BOOK SERVICE

#1039 #1042

a customary conflict. Nevertheless, Dr. Harmon con-cludes in this well researched, objective analysis of anextremely complex subject, that the choice of meanswould have been less troubling in the post-war analy-sis had British political and military elites ceased areabombing as soon as their superior power permitted.

Churchill: The Making of a Grand Strategistby David Jablonsky. Carlisle, Pa.: Aimy Wai CollegeStrategic Studies Institute, 1992. Softbound, 97pages. Available from ICS New Book Service onspecial order (see sidebar).

Reviewed by Christopher C. Harmon

To judge by his most recent writings, the U.S.Army War College's David Jablonsky has twoscholarly passions: the interrelationship of the levelsof strategy, and the life of Winston Churchill. Thesetwo interests have been fused to create a monographof superior value. That value lies in its clear explica-tion of the multidimensional nature of twentieth-century war.

The rich and varied career of Winston Spencer Chur-chill makes a perfect study of how a future leader maygrow, and in a sense must grow, into the mental com-mand of ever-larger fields of military science andstatecraft. From soldiery and command of soldiers,which may require bravery, quick wit and steadynerves, Churchill became a journalist and specialmilitary observer, awkward positions for an officerbut positions which required his coming to grips withmilitary affairs at levels higher than the tactical andhigher than the immediately-human side of battle.Then, leading up to and including World War One, asa Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister, a bat-talion commander at the front, and again a CabinetMinister, he required — and developed — yet greaterfaculties of imagination, mastery of technical matter,and insight into strategic options both in militarytheaters and on a global plane.

The inter-war years also furthered Churchill'seducation in the higher realms of leadership. Hegradually digested the new phenomenon of "totalwar" which had so shocked the European world andso exceeded the scope of conflict of past centuries. Hepondered the fact that while some might still see waras the business of admirals and generals, such menwhen outside their immediate fields of expertisecould be ' 'helpless and misleading arbiters in prob-lems in whose solution the aid of the statesman, thefinancier, the manufacturer, the inventor, the

Providing new books at best prices as a service toFriends of the Society. Shipping $3 first book, $1 eachadditional anywhere in the world (allow for surfacepost outside USA). Order from Churchillbooks, Rt 1,Box 682, Hopkinton NH 03229 USA. (Bookshoppricein parentheses.) Equivalent sterling welcomed.

New Items

1037. Winston Churchill War Correspondent1895-1900 (Woods A143e). Frederick Woods, ed.356pp, illus. ($29.95) $25

1038. "Are We BeastsV Churchill and the MoralQuestion of World War II "Area Bombing. " by ChrisHarmon, 34pp, softbound $5

1039. Churchill: The Making of a Grand Strategist.by Col. David Jablonsky, 98pp, softbound $8

1040. Churchill: Strategy and History, byTuvla Ben-Moshe, 398pp, hardbound without jacket($45) $39

1041. The Opposition Years: Winston S. Churchilland the Conservative Party, by Frank Mayer, 188pp,sans jacket ($36.95) $34

1042. Not Winston, fust William7. Winston Chur-chill at Harrow School, by Jim Golland, 40pp, soft-bound, illus $10

BOOKS BY CHURCHILL1001. India: Defending the Jewel in the Crown. 1st

USEdn, 168pp, illus. ($35) $281003. Malakand Field Force, Norton 1st American

Edn, 234pp, ($19) $151005. My African Journey, British Edition, 134pp,

illus (£15) $281006. My Early Life, Cooper Edition, 388pp,

illus $351015. Savrola, London Cooper, 1990 Edn., 214pp,

ICSA3i. (£15) $321026. Thoughts and Adventures, Norton Edn.,

238pp, illus. ($23) $191027. Great Contemporaries, Norton Ed., 252pp, il-

lus. ($23) $19

BOOKS ABOUT CHURCHILL1029. Churchill: A Life, Gilbert. 1066pp, illus. The

ultimate single-volume biography, not an abridge-ment but brand new. Strongly recommended — in-dispensible. ($35) $28

1023. The Duel: 10 May-31 July 1940: The Eighty-Day Struggle Between Churchill and Hitler, by J.Lukacs, 258pp, ($19.95) $15

1032. Downing St. Diaries, Martin 200pp, illus. Bywartime private secretary. ($35) $27

1033. Sir Winston Method, Humes. 190pp. Speakas effectively as WSC ($17) $14

1036. Artillery of Words, Survey of the Writings ofWinston S. Churchill, Woods, 184pp on WSC's ar-ticles and books. Reviewed, FH #75 (£17.50) . . . $30


psychologist, was equally required. Such were Chur-chill's words in The World Crisis, which he followedwith the Mailboiough, two of the finest historieswritten this century. Given this period of long reflec-tion on continental wars and continuing service inParliament, it is little wonder that as another greatwar loomed, Churchill emerged as the public manwho knew most about modern warfare and about theGerman enemy. He could rightly comment that henever slept better than the night after assuming thePrime Ministership: no statesman was ever betterprepared for war.

David Jablonsky argues here and in other worksthat strategy has a structure of two continuua, the

' vertical and the horizontal. It is the first, rising fromtactics up through operations and on into strategy, onwhich battlefield commanders tend to focus. Masteryof such military thought and practice can yield bat-tlefield victories, but as the German experience intwo world wars proves, unless such successes are partof a viable grand strategy they may prove empty, asempty as the first trench captured in a defensive fieldseveral miles deep with other trenches. Churchill hadlearned war well at the essential military levels, andhe also learned to supplement force with the strategic"force multipliers" of technology, deception, andsuperior intelligence. But his greatness, the authorwrites, lies in his mastery of the second, horizontalcontinuum, which includes not just military strategybut also its partners in grand strategy: the political,economic, and psychological levels of war.

Thus, the choice of an altogether new theater, suchas that promised by the Dardanelles in 1915, was notonly intended to knock Turkey out of the war,- it wasalso anticipated that Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria andRomania would be drawn into war on the Allied side,that the Black Sea would be opened to Mediterranean/Allied military and economic access, and that theman-devouring Western Front would become lessdecisive.

Churchill's qualities in the "horizontal con-tinuum" of war included strategic imagination, ex-pertise in armaments production, high public serviceto England in domestic policy, and the sort of diplo-matic skills like those with which he cultivatedPresident Franklin Roosevelt. As Col. Jablonskyrightly argues, in emphasizing the breadth necessaryto leadership, the moral factor is also vital, especiallyin war. He quotes Churchill: "Clear leadership, vio-lent action, rigid decisions one way or the other, formthe only path not only of victory, but of safety andeven of mercy. The State cannot afford indecision orhesitation at the executive centre." Such passagesagain recall Clausewitz, who advised that while acommander should be intelligent, he must be strong-minded. For some readers, Churchill's words mayalso recall the vivid observation in pre-World WarTwo days of an admirer that "Winston alonepossesses the energy and above all the deadliness todefeat Hitler."

Chuichill: The Making of a Grand Strategist is

well-researched, adroitly mining the great man'swritten work as well as that of other authors on warand strategy. It is also well written — better so thanits author's newest Army War College monographWhy Is Strategy Difficult or his longer treatment ofthe present subject, Churchill, the Great Game andTotal War, published last year by Frank Cass. Ac-curacy is accentuated: if complex subjects must betreated generally in so short a paper, Col. Jablonsky'sgeneralizations almost never do injustice. Even onecopy error — a reference to the inter-war years as"Lotus Years" rather than "Locust Years" — isamusing rather than annoying: statesmen of thatepoch did taste dreamily of the narcotic flowers ofmartial weakness, ease, and good will.

There is perhaps one matter which Col. Jablonskymay wish to reconsider: his deprecation of militarytheorists as having little to do with Churchill'seducation in grand strategy. Here the author seemstoo quick to close off a question which might de-servedly remain open. It is true that Winston Chur-chill was a decidedly practical man. But he was alsoan unusually reflective and superbly self-educatedman. So if Jablonsky is correct to write that Chur-chill's mastery of grand strategy was the result of "along apprenticeship in military and public affairs," heneed not have added that it was not the result "ofreading such great strategic thinkers as Clausewitzand Sun Tzu." There would seem to be no directevidence as to whether he read or did not read eitherone. True enough, Sun Tzu is most unlikely as an in-fluence, since The Art of War was then virtuallyunknown in the West. Clausewitz cannot be sodismissed.

Churchill read prodigiously, and built up a smallmilitary library. Jablonsky himself notes that theyoung parliamentarian came under the influence ofsea power theorist Captain A.T. Mahan, who wascelebrated in England before becoming famous in hisAmerican homeland. One learns from Churchill's28 October 1911 Admiralty memorandum (in theCompanion Volumes of the official biography) thathe believed war reveals "broad strategic principles. . . permanent in their application." Mahan believedthat too, if many other theorists do not. Furthermore,Churchill definitely did read Sir Julian Corbett — hewas perhaps the only British Cabinet officer of WorldWar One who had. The early chapters of Corbett'sSome Principles of Maritime Strategy (1911) borrowliberally and directly from Carl von Clausewitz.

Deprecating "theory" is thus an empty business.After all, who were "theorists" like Sun Tzu,Clausewitz and Mahan if not military men (likeChurchill) who rose with and above practical militaryexperience to become renowned thinkers at thehighest strategic levels? Questions thus must remainas to the full scope of Churchill's education. We canconclude only that if he was not a man to venerateany military theorist, neither was he a man whowould deprecate them, or lose an opportunity toprofit by their wisdom.


The Gieat Betrayal: Britain, Australia & the Onsetof the Pacific War 1939-1942

by David Day. N. Ryde, NSW & London: Angus &Robertson Ltd., 1988; New Yoik: W.W. Norton,1989. ICS New Book Service cannot supply; this titleis out of print. Wantlisting is available.

Reviewed by H. Ashley RedburnThe Australian Prime Minister, Mr. Paul Keating,

following his discourtesy to The Queen during hervisit to Australia last February, accused Great Britainof deserting his country in the Second World War.(Finest Hour #74, pages 39 and 41.) From the mixtureof myth and reality on the subject, one might assumehe had just read Dr. Day's new book. His sentimentsabout Australian independence give rise to the beliefthat the country will become a Republic, which is in-evitable, albeit not in this decade.

One assumes the title is intentionally evocative.Certainly the copious references to Churchill seem tohave one aim: the extension of the Anglo (Churchill)— Australian mythology centred on the Dardanelles,although Dr. Day does not say so. Churchill and theDardanelles — are you over that, Australians? Well,get ready now for Churchill and Singapore, equallyperilous for and potentially destructive of Australia.Winston Churchill is the common villain.

The Great Betrayal is a peculiar piece of historicalwriting. It utters many truisms yet does not pointthem to logical conclusions. It exposes the intensenationalism and selfishness of the Australian politi-cians, particularly in the Labour Party. It showscruelly how they neglected national defence in the1930s, and both then and during the period studied(the outbreak of war through the Battle of Midway,which ensured freedom for Australia from Japaneseinvasion) put party politics before country. From1939 to Midway they whinged with the fervour usuallyascribed to what they called the "Poms."

Churchill as wartime Prime Minister had manycrosses to bear. This book proves that to the well-known Cross of Lorraine must be added the SouthernCross. In adapting a well-known phrase Dr. Daywrites, ' 'If the business of war is too important to beentrusted to generals, it is perhaps doubly true withrespect to politicians," and ". . . the Great Powerswere following their national interests at Australia'spossible expense . . . " It does not occur to Dr. Daythat these dicta were equally applicable to his owncountry, although his book proves the point.

As in his earlier work, Churchill and Menzies atWar [Finest Hour #59, 1988), the author has a limitedunderstanding of both British and world politics, andcertainly has not grasped the labyrinthine threads ofthe world's greatest war to date. With wider reading,as he gathers years, plus his obvious talents ofscholarship, he will rectify this defect.

Right now he recounts a catalogue of empty andbroken promises by Britain, America and Churchilltowards the defence of Australia against Japanese ag-gression and invasion. The promises were unfulfilled

not by design but by the remorseless events imposedby a ruthless and superior enemy with whom for toolong the Australian political hierarchy hoped toparley into peace.

To the author's complaint that the AustralianMinisters sent to London fell under Churchill's in-fluence and took a different view of the war fromtheir Prime Minister, one can reply that their educa-tion by such contact led to their better appreciatingthe strategy of the Allies than the insular and paro-chial view of Prime Minister Curtin, for example. Dr.Day appears to support Canberra's opposition to theAnglo-American (not simply Churchill's, as hestates) policy of "Germany First," but cannot providean alternative — for there was no alternative.

It is a defect that the book underplays the stressesand restraints imposed on the Anglo-American colla-boration during the war, not simply by the powerfulwar conduct of the Axis Powers, but within theGrand Alliance itself. Dr. Day unwittingly bearstestimony to the enormous sacrifices in men,materiel and ships the Soviet leader cynically exactedfrom Britain and America, and thus indirectly fromAustralia, New Zealand and India.

To dismiss the Middle East/North Africa cam-paigns as mistaken, the bombing offensive of Ger-many as useless, the defence of India as a side issue,and to assert that "Greece, Crete and Singapore werejust three of Churchill's blunders which costAustralia dearly," are superficial comments un-worthy of a historian.

The Great Betrayal is not to be ignored. It is essen-tial reading for the critical student of Churchill. Butit is not, one hopes, the last word on Anglo-Australian relationships in World War II.

Churchill: Strategy and Historyby Tuvia Ben-Moshe. Boulder, Colo.: Lynne ReinnerPublishers; Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheat-sheaf Ltd., 1992. Hardbound, unjacketed, 398 pp. Listprice $45. ICS price $39 (see sidebar).

Precis by the AuthorI first read Churchill's The Second World War, in

Hebrew translation, when I was thirteen or fourteenyears old. However, while my attention was concen-trated on the search for the "history" in Churchill'sstrategic thought during World War II, I was surprisedto discover that my opinions on the management ofBritish strategy did not accord with the documentsthat I was reading for the first time. I immediatelygrasped that, before searching for the influence ofhistory on the formation of Churchill's outlook, itwas more important to know what the true course ofhistory had been — a task that I thought was super-fluous. It was thus that the subject changed andbecame larger, although I have still preserved someaspects of the initial subject in the body of the presentstudy.

Despite the plethora of writings on Churchill, no


study has hitherto examined him as a strategist froma panoramic perspective. Rather, attention has beenconcentrated on different aspects and periods of hisstrategic activity during his career. As a result, thisgiant figure has been broken into several pieces; andsince no appropriate note has been taken of the linksbetween the several parts, the price has been theabsence of an overall picture of the personality. True,the partial nature of the analyses of Churchill'sstrategic activity has not prevented their author fromdrawing general conclusions about his qualities as astrategist, but some of these seem to be rash. On theother hand, the various existing biographies assimi-late Churchill's image as a strategist into the otherpolitical and personal subjects with which they treat,so that this particular subject does not receive the at-tention and examination it deserves.

Basic to this present study is the recognition that, ifChurchill's strategic thought and decisions duringWorld War II are to be properly understood and ana-lyzed, a thorough inquiry must be conducted aboutthe development of his thinking during the periodthat stretches from the time he took his first politicalsteps at the turn of the century until the outbreak ofwar in 1939. Particularly important is a study of hisstrategic plans and his behavior as a decision taker inWorld War I. Quite apart from its intrinsic value forthe purposes of creating the wide perspective and ap-propriate prism for the examination of Churchill'sbehavior during World War n, such a study is also im-portant because it offers an opportunity for compari-son. Generally similar, the two world wars can becompared; however, they were also significantly dif-ferent. Therefore, by adopting a comparative perspec-tive, it is possible to sift out the particular and ran-dom circumstances of each war and individualstrategic moves, and to discern the broad lines andpersistent characteristics of Churchill's strategicthinking and decision-taking behavior. It is by thatmeans, together with others, that the present studyaims at its highest purpose: a definitive estimate ofChurchill as a strategist as well as a historian.

Note: Finest Hour's review of this work will be publishedin a forthcoming issue.

The Opposition Years/Winston S. Churchilland the Conservative Party, 1945-1951

byFiankA. Mayei. New Yoik: Petez Lang Publishing,1992. Hardbound, unjacketed, 188 pages. List price$37. ICS price $34 (see sidebar).

Precis by the AuthorThis work examines Winston S. Churchill's role as

leader of the Conservative Party. Only once in apolitical career, that began during the reign of QueenVictoria and ended in the reign of the presentmonarch, did Churchill lead any political party. Hestood not only as a Conservative, but had also been amember of the Liberal and Constitutional parties.This change of allegiance formed part of a uniquepolitical style that would ultimately allow Churchill

to rebuild a Tory Party that had been overwhelminglyrejected by the British electorate in the 1945 GeneralElection.

Winston Churchill was an effective Oppositionleader as he was a unique force that saw the Conser-vatives experience a refashioning of their organiza-tional structure and of their philosophical approachesto the welfare state. The change at the structurallevel is analyzed in terms of Churchill's relationshipwith Lord Woolton, the post-war Conservative Partychairman. Selected by Churchill and then encouragedto implement basic reforms. Woolton gave credibilityto a Tory Party that by 1951 claimed to represent aprogressive and humane commitment to social andeconomic change.

The appointment by Churchill of Rab Butler tohead the Conservative Research Department leaddirectly to a fundamental shift in Conservativepolitical and economic thought. The dated industrialand social policies of the pre-World War II era wereabandoned as novel programs were debated, formu-lated and then championed as contemporary solu-tions to the problems of economic growth and in-dustrial organization. It was Churchill's ability toassociate the Conservative commitment to thisstructural and philosophical redirection with hiscriticism of the policies of the Labour Governmentthat enabled the Tory Party to return to governmentoffice by October of 1951.

Note: Finest Hour's review of this work will be publishedin a forthcoming issue.

Winston S. Churchill War Correspondent 1895-1900Edited by Frederick Woods. London: Brasseys, 1992,356 pages, illustrated with maps, $29.95. Availablefrom New Book Service at $25.

Reviewed by Richard M. LangworthFrederick Woods performed yeoman service on

behalf of the Churchill canon by pointing everyonewhere to look for WSC's writings with his ground-breaking Bibliography-, later he edited the CollectedWorks and produced an important volume of earlyChurchill war despatches, Young Winston's Wars(Woods A143, 1972), encapsulating WSC's reportsfrom the Northwest Frontier of India, the Sudan andSouth Africa, from 1897 through 1900. Now Woodsand Brassey's (UK) publishers further his importantcontributions by republishing the former war des-patches and adding those Churchill sent from Cuba in1895. This book will come as a relief to pursuers of thecanon who find it increasingly difficult to obtainYoung Winston's Wars on the secondhand bookmarket. It is also nicely printed, bound and jacketed— a rarity nowadays.

The Indian and African segments received favorablecomment in these pages twenty years ago, and are noless recommended now for their penetrating view oflife, war and politics in these colonial outposts. Chur-


chill in his twenties was remarkably able and maturefor his years; he would have published five bookswithin a year after the last of these despatches, fromCape Town, was posted. The Cuban despatches num-ber only five but are an important addition, beingWSC's first work for money — albeit a derisoryamount, as Woods comments. (He left the fee-fixingup to his mother, who was ' 'never one to treat moneywith any high seriousness except when it wasshort.")

Churchill's Cuban impressions are evenhanded asbetween the Spanish and the Cuban rebels — onewonders for what contributions Spain awarded himboth an order and a medal — but his summing up(from Tampa in late 1895 published 1896) reveals hislifelong penchant toward coalition and compromise."All impartial people who have lived long in theisland hold that Cuban autonomy is impossible,'' hewrites. "The rebel victory offers at best a bankruptGovernment, torn by race animosities and recurringrevolutions, and a State, like Haiti or Venezuela, acurse to itself and a nuisance to the world . . . A mid-dle course is, however possible . . . Spain cannot in-definitely maintain so large a military establishmentbut when unable to hold the country she will clingtenaciously to the ports and towns. These the Cubanscan never take." He was advocating, one supposes, akind of Spanish dominion; he could not foresee, ofcourse, the effects of an American entry into the frayin 1898.

This is an interesting new Woods ' 'A-title'' (A143e,I would imagine) that is strongly recommended for allChurchill libraries.

Not Winston, Just William?Winston Churchill at Harrow School

by Jim Golland. Hanow, Middlesex: The Hezga Piess,1988, reprinted 1991. Softbound, 40 pages, il-lustrated. Available fiom the ICS New Book Servicefor $10. Also available at Harrow School.

Reviewed by Richard M. Langworth

If Winston Churchill knew no Latin, how could hehave been admitted to Harrow? Jim Golland, a Har-row English master during 1975-85 and the author ofseveral books on the famous public school, is steepedin knowledge of Churchill's schooldays. He believesWSC's famous story in My Early Life (about the Latinpaper to which he could contribute only his name andan ink blot) is part of the many exaggerations in thatwork: "Perhaps in writing this he wanted people tothink that he had made his own way in the world[and] drew as black a picture as possible." PeregrineChurchill, another close student, is certain WSCknew no Latin and was admitted on the strength ofhis father's standing. Unfortunately, the exam paperhas not surfaced, but Golland points out: "in anumber of terms [WSC] was in the top half of theform in the Latin examinations."

The point of this necessary little essay is that Chur-chill's schoolboy failings have been greatly magni-fied, by himself and others. WSC used them as propsto his public persona; biographers accepted them alltoo innocently. For example, one biographer wrotethat Churchill ' 'never made good his initial failure inLatin and Maths," quite ignoring, Golland com-ments, that ' 'his Maths paper was the best of all thecandidates." He admits to WSC's deficiencies inFrench (so in due course did French audiences), butnotes that Churchill excelled in history and English,and obviously enjoyed his Harrow work in thesefields.

The most remarkable item in this catalogue of earlyacademic successes is an 1889 essay — an imaginaryBritish invasion of Russia set twenty-five yearshence, in (of all years) 1914. "In nearly 1,500 words,and accompanied by six pages of battle plans, it givesa graphic account of the relief of our garrison atKharkov in the Ukraine, and the driving of the Rus-sians back across the Volga," writes Mr. Golland.' 'The essay shows a mature grasp of narrative tension. . . It certainly dispels any idea that the writer wasnone too clever at school, even if the occasional spell-ing error, the cavalier use of capitals and the frequentchanges of tense reveal his age." (This is a wonderfulessay which ICS would like to publish some day onbehalf of Harrow, and we have made inquiries as towhether this might be possible.)

Incidentally, Churchill's poem "Influenza," whichwe mentioned in last issue's "Riddles" column asone of two known pieces of poetry, is reprinted in fullin this book — which is an important tool for anyonewishing "to keep the memory green and the recordaccurate."

About Books • By Dalton NewfieldAn occasional column based on the writings of the

late Dalton Newfield, editor of Finest Hour from 1970to 1975 and former president of ICS. This section isfrom Finest Hour #32, the final issue before our longhibernation, 1975-1981. This column cannot con-tinue without input from readers. Send your squibs,notes, comments, and critiques to "About Books,"PO Box 385, Contoocook, New Hampshire 03229USA.

Phillip Guedalla, who made a bit of money out ofChurchill biographies, was not always a WSC fan.Read his Portraits of a Buccaneer, Harper's Monthly,June, 1927. . . . but his claim that the character"Rupert Catskill, Secretary of State for War" in H.G.Wells' Men Like Gods is undoubtedly based on WSCis most interesting. Wells wrote it soon after his argu-ment with WSC over the success of the Bolshevikrevolution. . . . A number of readers have writtenthey like this format, but too few offered material.We shall be dry quickly unless you come to my


rescue. . . . In the 1970s crop of books, HenryPelling's Winston Churchill, (Dutton, NY) promisedto be the most useful. In a sense it is a "complete"biog. of the Great Man. Almost all my WSC books areabout a certain part of his life, a certain facet of hispersonality. This work is almost three inches thick,does not do WSC justice, of course, but as a chronologyit fills a long-felt need. . . . Reminding me: Wonder ifthe Churchill Family Trust has thought of puttingseveral top-notch biographers on the official biog? Atthe rate Martin Gilbert is going (and understandablyso) it will be 2341 AD before it is finished [1992:That's changed for the better! Completion by 1996.— Ed.]. . . . The Bitter Years, Richard Petrow[Morrow] is the story of the Nazi invasion and occupa-tion of Denmark and Norway. A lot of surprises inthis well-researched book and the chapter on theAltmark incident gives more and better detail thanany other source I have found. . . . Fisaco, John DeanePotter [Heinemann] hardly mentions WSC but details

beautifully one of his greatest embarrassments: Howthe Schamhorst, Gneisenau & Prinz Eugen gotthrough the Channel virtually unscathed. It is mostaptly titled: Fiasco. . . . There is an 'expose' in FinestHour #32 (reprinted in #57) in which the "£25Reward" poster is put in its place. . . . someonemight do the same kind of research on EightiethBirthday Tribute To Sir Winston Churchill, forewordby Randolph S.C., Heritage Collection, Beaulieu,1955. Said to be a limited edition of 3,000, each copyis numbered and, "signed" by Sir Winston. Frankly,we don't believe the 80 year-old-WSC signed these,and several reputable dealer-specialists in WSC tendto agree. The price of this book has been fallingsharply of late as dealers unload. . . . Except for titlepage, copyright page and binding it is almost exactlythe same as Churchill/His Life in Photographs,edited by R.S.C. & H. Gernsheim, Weidenfeld &Nicolson, London, 1955. The autograph is notgenuine so you are paying for a better binding. •

DESPA TCH BOXThe Hono(u)i is Ours, Sir

I am proud to accept your graciousoffer of honorary membership in ICSUnited States. I am also pleased to ac-cept the copy of "The Dream" pre-sented to me by Commander LarryKryske, USN, during my recent visit toPascagoula, Mississippi. It is a wonder-ful piece of literature; I commend youand your colleagues for its preserva-tion. I wish you and the InternationalChurchill Society best wishes for con-tinued success.

COLIN L. POWELL, CHAIRMAN

JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, WASHINGTON

The Really Real Last ChargeContrary to issue #74's report that

the last cavalry charge took place atHuj, Palestine on 8 November 1917,members of the Canadian Cavalry Bri-gade took part in a great charge atMoreuil Wood on 30 March 1918. Oneregiment was sent to clear the wood;two squadrons of another — LordStrathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians)were also sent into the wood. Lt. Gor-don Muriel Flowerdew's squadronfound two lines of German infantrysupported by machine guns and mortars.Flowerdew yelled, "It's a charge,boys!" The eighty-odd horsemencharged through 300 Germans, sabresagainst rifles, then passed back throughthem to the wood. German losses werestaggering and the action secured thewood and ended the threat to Amiens.The blunting of this offensive and twoother German thrusts afterwards led toan unprecedented series of Allied offen-

"Welcome, sir, on behalf of the Navy and the Churchill Society." ICS director LarryKryske, commanding Pascagoula, Miss. Naval Station, greets new ICS/USA hon. memberColin L. Powell with a copy of WSC's short story The Dieam, published by ICS in 1987.

sives, culminating in the victory ofNovember 1918.

The Strathcona squadron sufferedmany casualties including Lt. Flower-dew, who died the next day. He laterreceived a posthumous Victoria Cross,one of twenty-four awards made to theRegiment for the action at MoreuilWood. This was likely the last knownBritish Empire action where horsefleshand sabres decided the day.

I may have served to begin a debateon this subject. Regardless of the out-come, we can all agree that Omdurmanwas not the last great British cavalrycharge.

CAPT. J.R. GRODZINSKY, RCAF, CALGARY, AB.

Stump JuiceThe head of Churchill carved from a

tree trunk [FH #73, page 10) instantlystruck a chord with me because I know


all of the people mentioned and thetowns are all right here in New Hamp-shire! I have now communicated withGus Dillon of Hancock, Margy Cross ofDublin and Guy Murchie, formerly ofMarlborough, concerning the mysterybox containing this photo. Cross andMurchie are friends and all are artists— but none carve wood. None of thethree have any knowledge of the con-nection or the Churchill carving. Sothis intriguing lead has turned to dust— and remains a mystery.

BILL WILLIAMS, HANCOCK, N.H.

Coming: Oui 25th AnniversaryI have just completed my naval

enlistment and have had time to readthrough many back issues of FinestHour which I bought from ICS Stores (afine collection of Churchill informa-tion). I have completed the first thir-teen issues which you edited and amnow on the colorful Dal Newfieldissues. The early issues contain anti-quated information but there areenough nuggets to make reading themworthwhile. It is amusing to reflectupon what were considered outrageousprices in 1970, when the ICS budgetwas $180 per year . . .

Since 1993 marks our 25th Anniver-sary I would like to contribute an arti-cle on the history of ICS to date, whichcould serve later as an introductionwhich could be reprinted for new sub-scribers. It will be accompanied by"bullets" noting key events in ICShistory as described in the old issues.Would you like me to do this?

DAVID FREEMAN, PLACENTIA, CALIF.

Thanks for this brilliant suggestion.David's ICS retrospective will duly ap-peai in oui 25th Anniversary numbernext year. -Ed.

Sixth Churchill TourHow enjoyable to share the day with

US and UK colleagues at the CopthorneHotel in June. The talks were infor-mative and thought provoking, the din-ner pleasant, the speakers stimulatingand the company friendly. Your tourparty appeared to be enjoying them-selves and could find only kind wordsfor the organisation and itinerary. I par-ticularly enjoyed the conversation withCelwyn Ball, a Churchill PhilatelicGuru. It has given me more enthusiasmfor my collection.

Convey my regards to Barbara Lang-worth and tell her I accept her "Chur-chilltrivia" challenge each issue,which broadens my knowledge of theGreat Man. I trust your visit to Estonia,Latvia and Lithuania was fruitful andenjoyable after the political earthquakeand its subsequent tremors. (It was!-Ed.) Keep up the good work on FinestHour, it is a very good read.

GERALD LOVELL, SILVERSTONE, NORTHANTS.

Congratulations on the absolutelytop-notch tour you gave us with itsmeticulous planning, sensitivity towhat would be edifying and entertain-ing, and your all-around wonderful dis-positions and humor which made theevent. It was a magnificent endeavorfor which we all must express ourdeepest appreciation, a wonderful op-portunity to get to the heart of SirWinston Churchill. Please sendanother tour brochure, since theWashington National Cathedral herewants me to do a little presentation notonly of the Churchill Porch at theCathedral but of our trip.

AIDA SCHOENFELD, WASHINGTON

I feel that I didn't nearly thank youadequately for the beautifully boundProceedings of the Churchill Societieswhich you handed me during your visitto Chartwell, and I hasten to do so. It isa real treasure, made even more so byyour and Barbara's inscription. It isalways, of course, a pleasure to readMartin Gilbert, and this time that plea-sure is almost equalled by MauriceAshley's address. It makes me recallvividly how, as the young No. 2 to Mrs.Pearman, I looked upon Maurice as asuperhuman being who knew every-thing! And I thought he must be at least40 years old. I am astonished to see thathe is barely a year older than me! Withall good wishes and renewed thanks.

GRACE HAMBLIN, WESTERHAM, KENT

It doesn't seem a month since we'vebeen back from a great tour with ICS. Iam enclosing some photos taken whereyour greatest "photo ops" took place.Addie and I enjoyed all of the obviousplanning and entres that went into allthis. For me, the greatest moment of afine trip was the London tour with Mar-tin Gilbert, and I have enclosed a fewshots of the "Master" at his task. [Seearticle this issue. -Ed.] I'm droppingICS/New England a note to volunteermy services for future Chapter activi-ties. Thanks again for the opportunityof learning more about the Great Manand for a most enjoyable vacation.

WALKER B. COMEGYS, WENHAM, MASS.

The Naked TruthWhile rummaging around in my files

I found a postcard published by BrianHaynes, UK, the "Second World WarSeries no. 14," which I think is stillsold. On the reverse of a fine photo ofWSC you will find a marvelous explan-atory caption, possibly inspired by SirWinston's famous remark to PresidentRoosevelt after the latter disturbed himin his bath:

"Let us therefore brace ourselves toour duty. So bare ourselves . . . "

JOE CANNON, PORT TOWNSEND, WASH.

Gorbachev at FultonI recently returned from a visit to the

Winston Churchill Memorial and Li-brary in Fulton, Missouri, a magnifi-cent memorial with the re-erectedChristopher Wren church and a re-markable library housed in the Under-croft. As mentioned last year in FinestHour, six pieces of the Berlin Wall havebeen added to the grounds, and Mr.Gorbachev spoke there last May. Thatwas a very significant event, althoughhis address was, frankly, historicalrevisionism of the highest order — inother words the standard lies whichone might expect from a committedCommunist. Even so those hallowedgrounds, made so by the visit ofWinston Churchill and PresidentTruman (and my father) in March 1946have been powerfully reinforced byPresident Reagan's address at thededication of the Wall section, andthen the remarks by Gorbachev. Ithought you might like to have thesefirst-hand impressions.

PROF. WM. F. HARVEY

INDIANA UNIVERSITY, INDIANAPOLIS, IN.


"Churchill As Wai Leader"My attention has been drawn to your

reviews (issue #74) of Richard Lamb'sChurchill as War Leader, which I con-sider the best revisionary history todate, extremely well researched fromarchives and current books.

I read all the German Enigma signalson Yugoslavia, at the time of theswitch from Mihailovich to Tito, andagree with every word Lamb says.These German signals are not availablein Public Records, but a German ver-sion of the WehrmachtfuehrungstabDiary has been released to the ImperialWar Museum, together with theirOrder of Battle Maps and Charts. TheDiaries prove that Fitzroy Macleanbelieved Tito's exaggerated claims andMr. Churchill based his switch fromMihailovich to Tito on Maclean'sNovember 1943 report. Tito doubledthe figures of partisans under arms, andmore than doubled the number of Ger-man Divisions he was alleged to havebeen holding down. Farrish, the Ameri-can liaison officer at Tito's HQ (whosereports can be found in the Pentagonpapers together with MacDowell'sreport on the situation in Yugoslavia)make the error quite clear. We have allread the outdated Wheeler and Autycontributions but they have now beensuperceded by modern researchers withaccess to more recently releasedmaterial.

It is more than probable that Klug-man did have great influence in boththe Yugoslav and Greek theatres ofwar, since he never concealed his Com-munist affiliation and is now known tohave recruited Caimcross (the spy inHut 3 Bletchley Park) who admits thathe gave information on the Battle ofKursk to the Russians.

Churchill was shown inaccurate or-der of battle maps at SOE HQ, whichwere probably compiled from low gradeSD and Gestapo ciphers decrypted inthe Middle East. He continued to quotethe figure of thirty to thirty-six Germandivisions in Yugoslavia, when therewere less than fourteen understrengthGerman divisions in Yugoslavia, Al-bania, Greece, Crete and Rhodes.These few German divisions had todisarm the Italians after their collapse,and guard the coast against a possibleinvasion. They were so understrengththat they set up strong points near asmany vital communication areas asthey could manage, leaving others atthe mercy of guerillas.

However, in Churchill's volume VAppendix E there is a more or less ac-curate German Order of Battle. Onedoes wonder if Churchill was shown itat the time, and whether he realisedthat it had been included in Volume Vby one of his secretaries.

Yugoslavia is still suffering from themyths and treachery which led to theswitch from Loyalists to Partisans atthat time, and Tito's Communist Gen-erals hold sway in both Croatia and Ser-bia. We force-repatriated Yugoslavswho were butchered by Tito, and arenow recognising the rump of the Ustaseregime who were responsible for mur-dering 700,000 Serbs in Hitler's in-dependent Croatia, which includedBosnia and Herzegovina, between 1941and 1945.

After the Allies betrayed Mihailovich,he helped 500 Airmen to escape, andTrumangaveMihailovichaposthumousdecoration. He also helped his Alliedliaison officers to escape.

With regard to the North AfricanCampaign, British tanks could not getinto range because of the German 88mm guns, as was shown at El Alamein.

I wrote the initial Bletchley report onYugoslav guerillas at Mr. Churchill'srequest, and thereafter wrote him aweekly report on all battle fronts fromthe German Enigma point of view. Myadmiration for Mr. Churchill, at thetime and to the present day, is over-whelming, but no man at the summitcan operate 100% if his aides let himdown. In my opinion Richard Lamb haswritten a remarkably accurate book.

]EAN HOWARD, LONDON

In his interesting review of my book[Finest Hour #74, pp 34-36) RichardLangworth suggests the reason why his-torians have not used the file in thePublic Record Office on Potsdam whichreveals that the British Foreign Office(supported by the USA Foreign Office)advised Japan would surrender imme-diately if the Emperor was allowed tocontinue to rule, is that the file is "in-significant." This is incorrect. Otherhistorians have not found it; one of theofficial British historians, JohnEhrman, relied on it for a volume onPotsdam and the atom bombs. Thiswas not published because it con-tradicted Churchill's memoirs, andmight have upset the Russians. Thememorandum from the Foreign Officedid not come from a "minor official"but from the Permanent Secretary, SirAlexander Cadogan.

Raymond Callahan can only haveread my book superficially as he con-strues my words into meaning thatChurchill was responsible for cancel-ling the 82nd Airborne Division land-ing on Rome in September 1943.1 makeit clear the decision was made in Romein the middle of the night by Badoglioand General Maxwell Taylor whenChurchill was far away in Quebec.

Reviewers should not presume be-

cause a book is not in the bibliographythat the author has not read it. I knowboth the books on Yugoslavia — MarkWheeler's (published twelve years ago)and Clogg and Auty's (published seven-teen years ago). They have been madeout of date by the discovery in thePublic Record Office of a cache ofdocuments quoted in Michael Lees'Rape of Serbia (1990) and David Mar-tin's Web of Disinformation (1988)which prove Mihailovich was a valu-able ally.

Firepower by Bidwell/Graham con-firms German armour was superior toBritish in the desert, stating (page 224)that not until British armoured regi-ments were equipped with Shermantanks were they able to "engage theGerman anti-tank guns at a matchingrange."

Callahan evidently considers myreassessment of Churchill should bebased on already known books and noton newly released official documents.

RICHARD LAMB, BROADCHALK, WILTS.

Mi. Langwoith RepliesWhether a Foreign Office file is "in-

significant" or a Foreign Office of-ficial "minor," is something overwhich people may differ. What I wrotewas that I believed Churchill's state-ment (that there was "never a mo-ment's hesitation" about dropping thebomb) "was representing opinion onthe plenary level." Cadogan was nevernear the plenary level.

I agree that the latest sourceworksare important, and so offer one from1992: David McCullough's brilliantnew biography, Truman (New York:Simon & Schuster): When Japan heardthe Potsdam Declaration (demandingJapan surrender or face "prompt andutter destruction") Prime MinisterSuzuki and his Cabinet "went into anall-day meeting. Meanwhile, overTokyo and ten other Japanese cities,American planes were dropping mil-lions of leaflets with a printed transla-tion of the declaration. Suzuki's deci-sion was to ignore the matter. Thedeclaration, he said at a press con-ference, was nothing but a rehash of oldproposals and as such, beneath con-tempt. He would 'kill [it] with silence,'he said."

This is the man Mr. Lamb wouldhave us believe was "in favour of anegotiated peace" and "would almostcertainly have responded" if thePotsdam Declaration had been "of-ficial."

RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

Dr. Callahan RepliesA reviewer's task when dealing with

serious non-fiction is to inform poten-tial readers of a book's overall quality,


which means its conceptual soundness,clarity of exposition and adequacy ofresearch. If an author decides that stan-dard works in a field have become dateddue to new interpretations and/or theavailability of new documentation heneeds to say so — in his text, in a con-tent footnote or in a bibliographicessay. If he does not, he runs the risk ofappearing not to be aware of them.

This general observation leads to mysecond point. Mr. Lamb observes thathis failure to mention a book ought notbe taken to mean that he has not readit. Applying this remark to Firepowerby Shelford Bidwell and Dominic

Graham, I must assume that he hasread the following lapidary summary ofthe Desert War:

The British, . . . were in manyrespects better off in weapons andresources than their opponentsbut, following their own theories(if theories they were), wentbadly astray to the point at whichthey almost lost control of theMediterranean and Middle East.Then, in August 1942, there wasa well-known change in com-mand and a reversion to older butsounder principles and methods(p. 222.)

If Mr. Lamb does not accept this it is

up to him to say why. Implying that heis aware of the book's existence, whileignoring its now widely accepted analy-sis simply will not do in a book thatclaims to be a piece of serious historicalwriting. (Incidentally, after carefullysearching p. 224 of my copy ofFirepowei, I cannot find either thestatement to which Mr. Lamb refers, orthe words he has placed within quota-tion marks.)

I do not believe there is any point ingoing further to establish my point: Mr.Lamb's book has some serious weak-nesses.

RAYMOND P. CALLAHAN, NEWARK, DEL.

RIDDLES, MYSTERIES, ENIGMAS SEND YOUR QUESTIONS TO FINEST HOUR

Funeral VideoIn reply to Norman G. Clark's ques-

tion about the availability of a full-length videotape of Churchill's funeral,it is part of a 40 minute VHS MPI HomeVideo (MP 1521) entitled "Heroes andVillains of the 20th Century: Chur-chill." (There is no footnote explainingwhich of these the publishers considerWSC to be . . .)

RICHARD APPLEGATE, SAN DIEGO, CALIF.

ChurchillfloraQ. Can you list the various plants

named after Winston ChurchilU (Ques-tion sent by Gerald Lovell, Northants.,UK to the Royal Horticultural Society,Wisley, Surrey.)

A: The following is not a completelist, but contains all the plants weknow of:

Aster novi-belgii "Winston S. Chur-chill," obtainable from Misses I. Allen& J. Huish, Belmont House, Tines-field, Wraxall, Bristol BS19 1NR, tel

(027583) 2756, and from KelwaysNurseries, Langport, Somerset TA109SL, tel (9458) 250521.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ' 'Win-ston Churchill," obtainable fromHillier Nurseries (Winchester) Ltd.,Ampfield House, Ampfield, Romsey,Hants. SO51 9PA, tel (0794) 68733 andCrown Point Nursery, Sevenoaks Road,Ightham, Sevenoaks, Kent TN15 0HB,tel (0732) 810694.

Narcissus "Sir Winston Churchill,"widely available from garden centres.

Fuchsia' 'Winston Churchill,'' widelygrown.

Saxifraga "Winston Churchill," ob-tainable from Birch Farm Nursery,Gravetye, E. Grinstead, W. SussexRH19 4LE, tel. (0342) 810236.

Rhododendron (Azalea molle)"Winston Churchill," obtainable fromBarncroft Nurseries, Dunwood Lane,Longsdon, Leek, Staffs. ST9 9QW, tel(0538) 384310; Barkers PrimroseNurseries, Whalley Rd., Chitheroe,

Lanes. BB7 1HT, tel (0200) 23521;Forest Nursery, Kelsall, Tarporley,Cheshire CW6 0SW, tel (0829) 51342.

A.C. WHITELEY, ASST. BOTANIST

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDEN

WSC Cigar BoxQ: I have a cedar cigar box with

Winston S. Churchill's name and ad-dress, Ten Downing Street, on it; in thecenter of the lid is an oval bearing thewords "Romeo y Julieta, Alvarez yGracia, Habana." There is a partialstamp on it. Does it have any historicalor monetary value*

A: We don't know. Romeo y Julietawas Churchill's favorite commercialbrand, and the company did supplyhim, with compliments, for manyyears; however, it is likely that theyalso promoted the name of their mostfamous customer. (If anyone wishes tocontact the owner please write NancyKephart, 1566-4 Parkside Dr. SW, Ft.Myers, FL 33908.)

Gift Opportunities at the Churchill Society, USAREMEMBER ICS IN YOUR WILL

A fine way to help us "Teach the Next Generation." Manyhave done so, many ask how. We offer the services of theSociety attorney. Please contact Wm. C. Ives at Keck,Mahin & Cae, 77 W. Wacker Dr., 49th floor, Chicago IL60601, telephone (312) 634-7700.

The Center of Churchill Studies in the United States aimsto create the most comprehensive Churchill library in thecountry, and many books, photographs and relatedephemera have already been donated. If you could spareonly one first edition, it would be deeply appreciated. Areceipt for appraised value will be issued for tax purposes.Contact the editor, PO Box 385, Hopkinton, NH 03229,telephone (603) 746-4433.

CORPORATE UNDERWRITING PROGRAMYour company's tax-deductible gift to ICS, a 501 (c)(3) non-profit educational organization, can contribute to Teachingthe Next Generation and the Churchill Studies Center. Formore information, please write to Merry Alberigi, PO Box9037, Novato, CA 93948.

BOOKS FOR THE CHURCHILL CENTERA ROOM IN YOUR NAME AT THECENTER FOR CHURCHIL STUDIES

can be a permanent feature of our building in Washington,DC, where students will study the Churchill experience.This arrangement is offered to major supporters ofICS/USA's joint project with George Washington Univer-sity. All donations are tax-deductible. Details from VicePresident Merry Alberigi, PO Box 9037, Novato, CA 94948.


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Documents

Third Quarter 1992 Number 76 - winstonchurchill.org · Opportunities/35 (Immortal Words and Churchilltrivia resume next issue.) PULL-OUT INSERT ~ Pages 1.13-1.16 , "Churchill Bibliographic