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BENEFIT-CASCAPE experiences with labour saving
and women specific agricultural technologies
Third forum of the Ethiopian Network for Gender Equality in Agriculture (ENGEA)
March 17, 2017
Outline
1. Overview CASCAPE 2 (scope, goals, implementation modality)
2. Gender mainstreaming in CASCAPE
3. Gender analysis conducted by CASCAPE
4. Experiences with home-gardening (testing and scaling)
5. Experiences with enset processing (testing and scaling)
6. Experiences with row weed implement (testing)
1a. Overview CASCAPE
3
Best fit agricultural practices are developed and disseminated
Scaling
of agricultura
l best
fit
technolo
gie
s
▪Methodology development▪Testing & validation of BFTs▪Enhance capacity of RARI’s▪Prepare and disseminate BFTs▪Strengthening and establishment of platforms▪Soil characterization & mapping
Enhanced capacity of Woredas to develop and implementagriculturaldevelopment plans, including strategies for scaling
▪Develop innovative scaling strategy▪TOT ▪PED; pilot scaling ▪Recommendation mapping ▪Support the preparation of bottom-up Woreda development plans▪Backstopping and monitoring
Improved nutrition through
diversified agricultural production
▪Capacity building to DA’s & health extension workers▪Model home gardens in each cluster
Strengthened enabling institutional environment for the agricultural sector
▪Provide & share evidence through in-depth studies and project results ▪Engage in evidence-based policy dialoguesR
esea
rch
an
d e
xten
sio
n s
yste
ms
are
effe
ctiv
ely
able
to
ge
ner
ate
dem
and
-dri
ven
bes
t fi
t te
chn
olo
gies
&
pra
ctic
es, t
o p
ut
in p
lace
co
nd
itio
ns
for
up
take
by
farm
ers
1c. Scaling and high intensity AGP woredas
1b. Operational modality
▪ Operates in 10
intensity; 55 scaling
Woredas of high
potential AGP Woredas
in 4 main regions
▪ Network of five
Ethiopian Universities
(5 clusters)
▪ BENEFIT partnership
▪ Research institutes,
MoA, BoA and AGP
3a. Gender analysis methodology
6
▪ A study was carried out in the six participating university clusters in 2014 and 2015.
▪ Each cluster selected one commodity/practice in each year of study.
▪ In total 116 respondents (49% male and 51% female farmers participating in the CASCAPE project) were randomly selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires.
▪ Besides, a focus group discussion (FGDs) was conducted separately with women and men groups in each clusterfor each commodity/practice.
3b. Cases
7
Case number
Cluster Commodity Year
Case 1 Addis Ababa Vegetables 2014Case 2 Bahir Dar Potato 2014Case 3 Haramaya Potato 2014Case 4 Hawassa Malt Barely 2014Case 5 Jimma Soya bean 2014Case 6 Mekelle Wheat 2014Case 7 Addis Ababa Sheep fattening 2015Case 8 Bahir Dar Maize minimum tillage 2015Case 9 Haramaya Poultry 2015Case 10 Hawassa Vegetables 2015Case 11 Hawassa Poultry 2015Case 12 Jimma Compost 2015Case 13 Jimma Maize 2015Case 14 Mekelle Papaya 2015
3c. Example of task division (findings)
“Generally, it looks like men are involved in labour intensive tasks such as pit
preparation and stocking. However, these activities are accomplished at once,
while fetching and sprinkling water over the compost need to be done
frequently: to facilitate compost fermentation process, the buried compost needs
up to 20 litres of water in three days.”
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Pitpreparation
Manure andresidue
collection
Chopping andfilling the pit
Fetching andsprinking
water
Layering andtransfering
Stoking Transporting Applying thecompost
Compost making activity analysis at Yaballa kebele (Jimma)
Women
Men
Children
3d. Example of time-burden (findings)
9
3e. Example of decision-making (findings)
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Husband only Wife only Joint
%
Decision making on income generated from vegetable production (Hawassa, 2015)
3f. Main findings gender analysis
▪ Women across all clusters are almost equally involved in most
farm activities, except for oxen ploughing.
▪ Weeding, fertilizing and threshing are generally tasks where
women play a dominant role.
▪ Women have a heavier work load and much less leisure and
sleep time than men, particularly in the peak season (on
average 17,6 hours per day).
▪ Most decisions on how to use resources and spend money
were in the hands of men.
▪ Women have some to full control over decisions regarding
poultry and home-garden products (mostly home consumed).
11
3g. Gender analysis informed our activities
▪ Study how to reduce the drudgery of weeding for women
▪ Looking into viable opportunities to introduce labour saving
technologies
▪ A more thorough and quantitative assessment on the effect on labour
of introducing new technologies ( integrated validation of
technologies protocol and tool)
● Will be assessed in all validation trials
▪ Home-gardens: stress (even more) the importance of the household
approach.
▪ Working with households on awareness raising about labour division
and decision-making related to food production & consumption
▪ Increased participation of women in trials and trainings (up to
average of 30%)
12
4. Experiences of nutrition activities for
women in CASCAPE
Mean DDS score across clusters
Clusters Mean DDS (SD)
N Infants Mothers
Addis 55 2.9 (1.0) 2.8 (0.9)
Bahir Dar 59 3.1 (1.3) 4.0 (1.1)
Hawassa 53 2.7 (0.9) 2.1 (0.7)
Jimma 59 3.1 (1.0) 3.0 (0.8)
Mekelle 52 3.3 (1.0) 3.3 (0.8)
-91% of the mothers had a dietary diversity of less than 5-67% of children below 2 had a DDS score was below 4
The agri-nutrition pathways
14
Agriculture-nutrition linkage
Crops
Livestock
Fruits & Vegetables
Pulses
Poultry
Apiculture
CookingDemonstrations
Production
Nutrition education
IncomeFood, Health and Education expenditures
Consumption
Productive farm communities
Sample home gardens in CASCAPE
15
Carrot
1m
path
Head Cabbage
0.5 m
Swiss chard
0.5
m Orange fleshed sweet potato
Spinach
0.5
m
Lettuce Quality Protein Maize
16
1
Major women specific activities CASCAPE2 Core areas
Testing and validation
▪Introduced manually operated row weeders The suitability and applicability
of the implements were tested in 10 high intensity woredas
▪results provide positive feedback that also indicated the areas for design
improvement.
▪Developed an integrated technology validation protocol which includes,
among others, parameters on gender and nutrition.
▪Establishment and strengthening of home gardens and document BPs
2Scaling and capacity building
▪Scaling of enset processing, soybean and home garden technologies
▪Training need assessment, TOT to DAs, experts and health extension
workers
3Enabling institutional environment
▪M & E, publication and communication of outputs
▪National and regional level dialogues, stakeholder engagements and
thematic platform strengthening and establishment
Challenges and lessons learned in
vegetable gardening and row weeder
▪ Vegetable seed source
▪Water access; the need for micro-irrigation schemes
▪ Processing of perishable products
▪ Knowledge gap in consumption of vegetables
▪ Knowledge gap in pesticide use and type
▪ Sharpness of the edge
▪Width adjustments- reducing the width from 30cm to 25 cm in order not to cut the plant tillers on 30 cm rows edges
▪ The row weeder does not fit for the 20cm tef rows
17
18
Thank you
Experiences with labour saving
technologies, home-gardens
and weeding technologies
Meseret, Hawassa University
(CASCAPE SOUTH)