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Thinking through the ‘green economy’ at the local level
Megan Euston-BrownCity Energy Support Unit, Sustainable Energy Africa
Service delivery on a sustainable (financial and environmental) basis
Platform for wealth and resource transfer
Become a driver of LED
= GREEN ECONOMY Economic growth on a
viable ecological base and social footing
grow by decreasing resource consumption
DEVELOPMENTAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT
In response to: Deepening unemployment,
poverty and inequality Finite resources: water,
energy, land Climate change and other
resource degrading pollution
GREEN ECONOMY
LOCAL GOVERNMENT PICTURE
KZN: population 10,4 million eThekwini municipality: population 4.5
million (approx 40%); with Pietermartizburg, close on 50% population
eThekwini ‘carbon footprint’ around 7.7 tons/capita
Remainder – smaller, rural local authorities, ‘carbon footprint’ around 1 ton/capita
Cities are strategically important (settings for the kind of changes envisaged and conditions – knowledge networks – for innovation),
Rural areas are developmentally and politically important
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CHALLENGES
Ongoing struggle to meet service backlogs Existing infrastructure inadequate to meet growing
demand Power interruptions, electrification of households
slowing down Urban infrastructure degrading – emphasis been on
capital expenditure and not on operations and maintenance
Poor quality housing delivered by contractors Growing informality – eThekwini 1,4million of 4,5
million (500 informal areas) Experiencing costs of finite resources – scarcity of
water, rising energy costs Impact of pollution on water (COJ acid drainage)
Peak oil implications
‘Peak Oil’ can result in significantly increased overall energy system costs to the city, which would be devastating to the economy.
City service delivery planning and budgeting will need to consider the fact that the informal, largely unelectrified household sector is currently growing fast, and will place increasing demands on the City ’s ability to provide services and will contribute little to revenue.
Low income electrified
Med income (elec)
Hi income (elec)
Household growth projectionsShowing the potential growth in the
informal sector if current trends continue
Low income unelectrified(informal)
LG ‘GREEN ECONOMY’ MANDATES AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING HORIZONS
SECTORAL STRATEGIES FOR GREENING MUNICIPALITIES
TRANSIT
ENERGY
BUILDINGS
SPATIAL PLAN
WASTE
WATER
FOOD
A HIGH RENEWABLE ENERGY FUTURE RESULTS IN A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN JOBS CREATED
Job creation (long-term)`
Business as Usual
Optimum Energy Future
Municipal Waste 0 123,231
Solar Thermal Elec 0 23,078
Wind 280,397 844,967
New Nuclear 320 1,667
New Fossil Base 0 0
New mid and peak 4,858 3,873
Existing Hydro 4,891 4,451 Existing mid and peak 454 429
Existing Base 0 0
Existing Nuclear 499 286
Total jobs from generation 291,418 1,001,981
SWHs 799,828
Energy Efficiency 11,329
TOTAL ALL 291,418 1,813,138
SOLAR WATER HEATERS: A solar water heater mass rollout programme to reach 50% of the City’s houses (approx 0.5 million systems) would create 10,200 job-years over the next 10 years and be economically beneficial to the citizens and the economy.
Urban sprawl…
More denseLess dense
The need to Densify the City
Densification of the city is expected to result in significant reductions in expenditure to service the population with adequate public transport. (and also other service infrastructure – storm
water, water, electricity)
ZAR 10 billion saved
ZAR 40 billion saved
POVERTY AND INEQUALITY
Improve access to electricity and energy (similarly water and sanitation) services – electrify informal; select long term ‘cheapest’ energy source; lower costs through SWH and EE, appropriate interventions, new approaches
Reduce energy consumption needs of household through EE (built env and appliances)
Mobility: improve through investment in mass transit modes and spatial planning than ‘in builds’
JOBs in SWH/EE implementation, fixing of leaks, local infrastruture development – storm water drainage, bridge building, local agricultural developments
CHALLENGES TO LOCAL GREEN ECONOMY APPROACHES
CAPACITY Human resources: people to take on new tasks Integrated, cross sector collaboration Specific tools and skills – especially technical assistance
Training amongst the community about the approach
Shared, experiental learning amongst municipalities
Financial resources and transforming existing frameworks
Political commitments beyond short term horizons
communication
SUPPORT: IDEAS AND EXAMPLES
Gauteng Green Economy Study and 15 Year Strategy (Dept Econ Dev) and Provincial Energy Office
SUPPORT: IDEAS AND EXAMPLES
WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE TECHNICAL SUPPORT THROUGH:
Dept Economic Development – waste to energy technical support for municipalities (professional resource team)
Dept Env Affairs and Dev Planning – working with municipalities and industry to support the handling of new zoning regulations for RE development
Green Cape – Provincial Sector Agency under DED looking at how to reap the benefits of RE development for the province – jobs, new skills, etc. Lobbies for emphasis on localisation within the REBID process
SUPPORT: IDEAS AND EXAMPLES
DEADP/DCOG/SALGA - developing toolkit to support integration of climate response into IDPs. “resilient” interventions all support the green economy approach
SALGA, working with CESU knowledge sharing network ..
ARE WE SHIFTING?
DEA SLIDE NPC PRESENTATION 2011:Putting it all together
CONCLUSION
No one really has the answers Don’t expect a miracle from local government
“the only way to approach such a period, in which uncertainty is very large and one cannot predict what the future holds, is not to predict, but to experiment and act inventively and exuberantly via diverse adventures in life”
Buzz Holling, Ecologist