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Thinking like a scientist. Galileo Gallilei and his telescope. The goal of science. To investigate and understand the world around us To explain events in the natural world To make useful predictions. AIDS virus. Orion nebula. Tools of a scientist. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Thinking like a scientistThinking like a scientist
Galileo Gallilei and his telescope
The goal of scienceThe goal of science To investigate and understand the To investigate and understand the
world around usworld around us To explain events in the natural worldTo explain events in the natural world To make useful predictionsTo make useful predictions
AIDSvirus
Orion nebula
Tools of a scientistTools of a scientist ObservationObservation- gathering information - gathering information
in an orderly wayin an orderly way SkepticismSkepticism- asking questions and - asking questions and
needing proof needing proof LogicLogic- interpreting data analytically- interpreting data analytically Collaboration-Collaboration- willingness to share willingness to share
ideas and work with othersideas and work with others
Spontaneous generationSpontaneous generation People believed People believed
that life could that life could somehow arise somehow arise from non-living from non-living thingsthings
A recipe for bees
1. Kill a bull in winter2. Build a shed3. Place the dead bullon branches inside the Shed4.Wait for summer. TheDecaying body of the bullWill produce bees
From the Romans, circa 8 CE
Redi and the Redi and the maggotsmaggots
People thought People thought that maggots that maggots (larval flies) arose (larval flies) arose from meatfrom meat
In 1668, F. Redi did In 1668, F. Redi did an experiment to an experiment to test this ideatest this idea
Redi’s experimentRedi’s experiment 3 sets of jars: one left open, one sealed 3 sets of jars: one left open, one sealed
with a lid, one covered with clothwith a lid, one covered with cloth
Looking at variablesLooking at variables
Controlled variablesControlled variables: both jars have meat, : both jars have meat, location and temp the samelocation and temp the same
Manipulated variableManipulated variable: gauze covering keeps flies : gauze covering keeps flies off the meatoff the meat
Responding variableResponding variable: whether maggots appear: whether maggots appear
Gravy is boiled.
Flask isopen.
Gravy is teeming with microorganisms.
Gravy is boiled and sealed
Flask issealed.
Gravy is free of microorganisms.
Spallanzani’s Experiment : microbes in gravy
In the 1700s, micro-scopes reveal theexistence of cellularlife
Broth is boiled. Broth is free ofmicroorganismsfor a year.
Curved neckis removed.
Broth is teeming with microorganisms.
Pasteur’s experimentPasteur’s experiment
In 1864, spontaneous generation was finally disprovedby this experiment
Knowledge in science is built upon the Knowledge in science is built upon the work of others.work of others.
Experiments must be repeatableExperiments must be repeatable Conclusions are made based on fact Conclusions are made based on fact
and logic, not popular belief.and logic, not popular belief. Science knowledge is always changingScience knowledge is always changing
Superconductors at low temperatures