Think Systems

8/2/2019 Think Systems

1/12

A SYSTEM S APPRO ACH TO THE DESIG N AN D EXECUTIO N

O F M ASO NRY CAVITY AND V ENEER W ALL SYSTEM S

To successfully design and build masonry cavity walls and veneers, one mustta ke a syste ms approach. A masonry wall is an organized assemblag e ofinte rdep endent parts which work toget her to form a building envelope . Thewa ll may be made of a combinat ion of clay brick, concrete masonry units,stone , calcium sili cat e units, etc. The backup may be concrete masonry, woodframe constructi on, ste el stud constructi on, concrete , etc. A good de signershould know the intricacies of each material and what detailing implicationsthose characteristi cs may require. This document i s intended t o ai de t he

designer to make these decisions for some of the more common masonry wallsystems used today.

AnchorageAll masonry veneers must be laterally anchored to the structural backup.Corrugated ties, adjustable anchors, and horizontal joint reinforcement are allexamples of anchoring devices. Buildi ng codes require the archit ect to indi -cate specified type, size and spacing of all ties and anchors on the projectdraw ings. Since the archit ect is responsib le for the design of the anchorage

strategy, she would be wise to understand the intricacies of veneer anchor-age.

Movement controlAll materials will undergo di mensional changes over time. The degree ofexpansion or contraction varies wi th the mate rial in questi on. Brick, for exam-ple, is fired in a kiln and is as small as it w ill ever be. Once installed , a brickwi ll undergo a slight degree of irreversible moisture expansion. Conversely,concrete masonry is cured b y hydrat io n, and wi ll shrink over time. To cont rolthis shrinkage in concrete masonry, hot dipped galvanized joint reinforcing isset in bed joint s at 16 o.c. vertically. Control joints are creat ed t o control

cracking in concrete block while expansion joints are placed in brick walls toallow expansion.

Moi sture ControlAll 4 unreinforced masonry veneers are expected to allow some w ind drivenrain to penetrate, most likely through hairline cracks between brick and mor-ta r. For this reason, an airspace i s designed b etween veneer and ba ckup t oallow moisture to drain down the cavity and exit at flashing and weep holes.All of these systems require prope r flashing deta ils to pe rform correctly . SeeFlashing...Tying the Loose Ends published by the Masonry Advisory Councilfor more informat ion on flashing d etai ls.

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e


2/12

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

C o m m e n t sThis system is a cavit y wa ll consisti ng of an exterio r brick veneer and a CMbackup. The tw o w ythes are anchored wi th horizontal jo int reinforcement, providing one tie p er 2.67 ft 2 of w all area The joint reinforcement can be laddetri-rod type, ta b type, or ad justable . Since 4 inches of unreinforced bricmasonry will allow some water to penetrate, we design the system to manage t he entrant water. A clean airspace provides a space for wate r to d raidown where it can be directed to the exterior at flashing locations.

Sy s t e m #1 3 5/8 Brick Veneer + 1 1/2 Insulat ion + 1 1/8 Airspace + 7 5/8 CMU BackupTotal wall thickness = 14

Tri-rod Tab type Adjustable

Tri -rod Tab type Adjustable

7 5/8 CMU

1 1/2 RIGID I1 1/8 AIR SP

3 5/8 BR

7 5/8 CMU

11/2 RIGID

INSULATION

TRIROD JOINTREINFORCEMENT@16 O.C. VERTICALLY(HOT DIPPED GALV.)

11/8 AIR SPACE

3 5 /8 BRICK

THROUG H W ALLFLASHING

TAB TYPE JOINTREINFORCEMENT@ 16 O.C. VER-TICALLY (HOTDIPPED GALV.)

ADJUSTABLE JOINTREINFORCEMENT@ 16 O.C. VERTI-CALLY (HO TDIPPED GALV.)

R- VALUE NO TESTYPE OF RIGID INSULATION R-VALUE OF WALL

WITH 1 1/2 POLYSIOCYANURATE (TUFF-R) 17 .5 3

WITH 1 1/2 EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE (DOW/FOAMULAR) 11 .2 0

WITH 1 1/2 EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE (BEAD BOARD) 9.70

INSULATION GRIP MAINTAINS CAVITY CONT

14 14 14


3/12

7 5/8 CMU

1 RIGID INS1 AIR SPA

3 5/8 CM

Sy s t e m #2

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

This syste m is a cavit y wa ll consisti ng of an exte rior concrete masonry veneeand a structural CMU backup. The two wyt hes are anchored wi th horizontal joireinforcement.. The joint reinforcement can be ladder tri-rod typ e, tab t ype , ad justab le. To resist shrinkage of the concrete masonry venee r, the selecti on

joint reinforcement should take into account the requirements for shrinkage cotrol in the veneer. These exterio r units should be integrally wa te r repe llent treaed or coated after construction.

3 5/8 CMU Veneer + 2 Airspace + 7 5/8 CMU


Tri -rod Tab type Adjustable

7 5/8 CMU

1 RIGIDINSULATION

TRIROD JOINTREINFORCEMENT @16 O.C. VERTICALLY*

1 AIR SPACE

3 5/8 CMU

THROUG H W ALLFLASHING

TAB TYPE JOINT REIN-FORCEMENT @ 16 O.C. VERTICALLY*

3 5/8 2 WIRELADDER JOINTREINFORCEMENT@ ALTERNATE 16 O.C. VERTICALLY

3 5/8 2 WIRELADDER JOINTREINFORCEMENT@ ALTERNATE 16 O.C. VERTICALLY

ADJUSTABLE JOINTREINFORCEMENT @16 O.C. VERTICALLY*

INSULATION GRIP MAINTAINS CAVITY CONTINUITY

C o m m e n t s

* All joint reinforcement should be hot-dipped galvanized


4/12

STEEL STUDS

@16 O.C.

DRYWALL

STEEL STUDS @16 O .C.MAX. DEFLECTION L/600 - L/720

ADJUSTABLE VENEER ANCHORSONE PER 2..67 FT2 OF WALL(HOT DIPPED GALVANIZED)

2 AIRSPACE

CEMENT BOARD / DENS GLASS

15# ASPHALTIC BUILDING PAPER

(LAPPED OVER FLASHING )

2 AIRSPACE

3 5/8 BRICK

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #3 3 5/8 Brick Veneer + 2 Airspace + 6 Stee l StudDue t o t he po tent ia lly corrosive nature o f the steel stud backup, moisture con-trol is an important i ssue. The airspace must be a t lea st tw o inches and indus-try standard flashing p rocedures should be follow ed t o esta blish a wa ter man-agement system. The brick veneer is anchored to the steel stud backup usingadjustable veneer anchors(not corrugated anchors). These anchors should bescrewed though the sheathing to the studs behind at one anchor per 2.67 ft 2

of wall. For this syste m, the Brick Industry Associat io n recommends Type Smorta r for higher tensile bond strength. Steel studs should be designed for amaximum deflection of L/600 to L/720.

ANCHORAGE NOTES PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE

ANCHOR FOR EACH 2 .6 7FT2 OF

WALL

SPACE ANCHORS AT A MAXI-

MUM OF 32 IN. HORIZONTALLY

AND 18 IN. VERTICALLY.

PROVIDE ADDITIONAL

ANCHORS AROUND ALL OPEN-

INGS LARGER THAN 16 IN

EITHER DIMENSION. PLACE

ANCHORS AROUND PERIMETER

OF OPENING AT A MAXIMUM O

3 FT. O.C. PLACE ANCHORS

WITHIN 12 OF OPENINGS.

ANCHORS ATTACHED WITH 2

38 MM ( MIN) 1 1/2 LONG

CORROSIO N RESISTANT SCREWS

1 1/2 MIN. EMBED

5/8 MIN. COVER

3 5/8 BRICK VENEER

BASE FLASHING

Theoretical Wall R Value 22.16Actual Wall R Value 14.56*

SIZE OF MEMBERS STUD GAUG E FRAMING SPACING BATT R-VALUE CORRECTION FACTOR

2 X 4 18-16 16 O.C. R-11 0.502 X 4 18-16 24 O.C. R-11 0.602 X 6 18-16 16 O.C. R-19 0.402 X 6 18-16 24 O.C. R-19 0.45

TABLE C-2 WALL SECTIONS WITH METAL STOPS PARALLEL PATH CORRECTION FACTORS

* BASED O N ASHRAES TABLE C-2 SHOW N BEL


5/12

STEEL STUDS@16 O.C.

DRYWALL

STEEL STUDS @16 O .C.

ADJUSTABLE VENEER ANCHO RS*

ONE PER 2..67 FT2 OF WALL

16 O.C. VERT, 16 O.C. HORIZ.

2 AIRSPACE

CEMENT BOARD / DENS GLASS

2 LADDER JOINT REINF. @16 O.C.

15# ASPHALTIC BUILDING PAPER

3 5/8 CMU VENEER

BASE FLASHING

2 AIRSPACE

3 5/8 CMU

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t u r e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #43 5/8 CMU/Calcium Si licat e Veneer + 2 Airspace + 6 Stee l Stud

Due to t he po tentia lly corrosive nature o f the steel stud backup, moisture con-trol is an important i nssue. The airspace must be at least tw o inches andindustry standard flashing procedures should be follow ed t o esta blish a wa te rmanagement system. The CMU veneer is anchored to the steel stud backupusing adjustable veneer anchors(not corrugated anchors). These anchorsshould be screwed though the sheathing into the studs behind at one anchorper 2.67 ft 2 of wall. Due to natural shinkage of the CMU, joint reinforcementshould be placed in t he bed joi nts @ 16 o.c. verti cally. Steel studs should bedesigned for a maximum deflection of L/600 to L/720.

ANCHORAGE NOTES PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE

ANCHOR FOR EACH 2 .6 7FT2 OF

WALL

SPACE ANCHORS AT A MAXI-MUM OF 32 IN. HORIZONTALLY

AND 18 IN. VERTICALLY.

PROVIDE ADDITIONAL

ANCHORS AROUND ALL OPEN-

INGS LARGER THAN 16 IN

EITHER DIMENSION. PLACE

ANCHORS AROUND PERIMETER

OF OPENING AT A MAXIMUM O

3 FT. O.C. PLACE ANCHORS

WITHIN 12 OF OPENINGS.

ANCHORS ATTACHED WITH 2

38 MM ( MIN) 1 1/2 LONG

CORROSIO N RESISTANT SCREW

STEEL STUDS@16 O.C.

2 AIRSPACE3 5/8CALCIUM SILICATE

4 CMU VENEER4 CALCIUM SILICATE VENEER

* All joint reinforcement should behot-dipped galvanized


6/12

DRYWALL

STEEL STUDS @16 O .C.

ADJUSTABLE VENEER ANCHORS

ONE PER 2.67 FT2 OF WALL

3 5/8 CMU BAND

2 WIRE LADDER JOINT REINF.*

@ALTERNATE 16 O.C. VERT.

2 AIRSPACE

CEMENT BOARD/ DENS GLASS

BUILDING PAPER SHIPLAPPED

OVER FLASHING

3 5/8 BRICK VENEER

BASE FLASHING

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #5 3 5/8 Brick Venee r w/ cmu band + 2 Airspace + 6 Steel StudsDue to the pot entially corrosive nature o f the steel stud backup, moisture contris an important inssue. The airspace must be at least two inches and induststandard flashing procedures should be followed to establish a water managment system. The veneer is anchored to the steel stud backup using adjustabveneer anchors(not corrugated anchors). These anchors should be screwethough the sheathing to the studs behind. Due to natural shinkage of the CM

joint reinforcement should be placed in the bed joints of the CMU ribbon @ 1o.c. vertically. Type S morta r should be used for great er bond. Ste el studs shoube designed fo r a maximum deflection o f L/600 to L/720.

STEEL STUDS

@16 O.C.

2 AIRSPACE

3 5/8 BRICK

ANCHORAGE NOTES PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE ANCHOR FOREACH 2.67FT2 OF WALL

SPACE ANCHORS AT A MAXIMUM O F 32

IN. HORIZ. AND 18 IN.VERT.

PROVIDE ADDITIONAL ANCHORS

AROUND ALL OPENINGS LARGER

THAN 16 IN EITHER DIMENSION.

PLACE ANCHORS AROUND PERIMETER OF

OPENING AT A MAXIMUM OF 3 FT. O.C.

PLACE ANCHORS WITHIN 12 OF OPENING

ANCHORS ATTACHED WITH 2 HOT-DIPPED

GALVANIZED OR NON CORROSIVE SCREWS

MOVEMENT NOTESVERTICAL CONTROL JOINTS IN CON

CRETE MASO NRY SHOULD BE AS

FOLLOWS:

1.) SPACED AT 20 O.C.

2.) PLACED AT EVERY INSIDE CORN

3. ) PLACED 4 INCHES FROM ONE

SIDE OF EVERY OUTSIDE CORN

1 1/2 MIN. EMBED

5/8 MIN. COVER

Type S mortar should be used for greate r tensile bo nd strength.

* All joint reinforcement should

be hot-dipped g alvanized


7/12

DRYWALL

WO OD STUDS @16 O .C.

CORRUGATED VENEER ANCHORS

BUILDING PAPER OR AIR INFIL

1 AIRSPACE

SHEATHING

3 5/8 BRICK VENEER

BASE FLASHING

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t u r e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #6 3 5/8 Brick Veneer + 1 Airspace + Wood StudsThis system is most likely t o be a residenti al applicatio n. Since 4 inches of uninforced b rick masonry w ill allow some water to pe netrate , we d esign the systto manage t he entrant wa ter. A clean airspace provides a space for wa terdrain down where it can be di rected to t he exterio r at flashing locati ons. Tveneer is anchored to the w ood backup using corrugate d veneer ti es nailed inwood studs @ one tie per 2.67ft 2 . More anchors are required around openinlarger than 16 inches in any dimension - see anchor note s below .

WOOD STUDS@16 O.C.

1 AIRSPACE

3 5/8 BRICK1 1/2 MIN. EMBED

5/8 MIN. COVER

ANCHORAGE NOTES PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE ANCHOR FOEACH 2.67FT2 OF WALL

SPACE ANCHORS AT A MAXIMUM O F





PLACE ANCHO RS AROUND PERIMETER

OPENING AT A MAXIMUM OF 3 FT. O.C

PLACE ANCHORS WITHIN 12 OF OPEN

ATTACH ANCHOR TO STUD WITH COR

SION- RESISTANT 8D COMMON NAIL.

LOCATE NAIL WITHIN 1/2 OF BEND.

TRATION WRAP SHIPLAPPEDOVER FLASHING

SEE ANCHO R NOTES ON RIGHT


8/12

DRYWALL

WO OD STUDS @16 O .C.

CORRUGATED VENEER ANCHORS-

BUILDING PAPER OR AIR INFIL

CMU BAND

2 WIRE LADDER JOINT REINF.*

1 AIRSPACE

SHEATHING

3 5/8 BRICK VENEER

BASE FLASHING

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t u r e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #7 3 5/8 Brick Veneer wi th CMU Band + 1 Airspace + Wood StudsThis system is most likely to be a reside ntia l appli cat ion. Since 4 inches ofunreinforced b rick masonry w ill allow some w ate r to pe netrate, w e de sign thesystem to manage the ent rant w ater. A clean ai rspace provides a space forwater to drain down where it can be directed to the exterior at flashing loca-ti ons. The veneer is anchored t o the w ood backup using corrugate d veneertie s nailed i nto wo od studs @ one ti e per 2.67ft 2 .

WOOD STUDS

@16 O.C.

1 AIRSPACE

3 5/8 BRICK1 1/2 MIN. EMBED

5/8 MIN. COVER

MOVEMENT NOTESVERTICAL CONTROL JOINTS IN CO

CRETE MASO NRY SHOULD BE AS

FOLLOWS:

1.) SPACED AT 20 O.C.

2.) PLACED AT EVERY INSIDE CO

3. ) PLACED 4 INCHES FROM ONE

SIDE OF EVERY OUTSIDE COR

.

ANCHORAGE NOTES PROVIDE AT LEAST ONE ANCHOR FOREACH 2.67FT2 OF WALL

SPACE ANCHORS AT A MAXIMUM O F 3





PLACE ANCHORS ARO UND PERIMETER O

OPENING AT A MAXIMUM OF 3 FT. O.C.

PLACE ANCHORS WITHIN 12 OF OPENIN

ATTACH ANCHOR TO STUD WITH CORR

SION- RESISTANT 8D COMMON NAIL.

LOCATE NAIL WITHIN 1/ 2 OF BEND.

SEE ANCHOR NOTES ON RIGHT

TRATION WRAP SHIPLAPPEDOVER FLASHING

* All joint reinforcement shoube hot-dipped galvanized


9/12

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #8 3 5/8 G lazed Brick + 2 Airspace + 7 5/8 CMU BackupThis syste m is a cavit y wa ll consisti ng of an exte rior glazed b rick veneer anda CMU backup. The tw o wythes are anchored w it h horizontal joi nt reinforce-ment, providi ng one ti e pe r 2.67 ft2 of wall area The joint reinforcement canbe ladder tri-rod typ e, tab t ype, or adjustable. This system uses glazed clayunits which have a low p erm rat ing. The glazing do es not a llow water to enteror escape in the same manner as a non-glazed b rick. For this reason the a irspace in the cavit y should be no smaller than 2 and the cavit y should be vent-ed at the top a nd bott om of the wall wit h open head joints @ 24 O.C.


7 5/8 CMU

1 1/2 RIGID2 AIR SP

3 5/8 B

WEEP VENTS JOINTS LOCATED AT THE TOP O F THE WALL

3 5/8 GLAZED BRICK

1 1/2 RIGID INSULATION

TRIROD JOINT REINFORCEMENT @ 16 O.C. VERTICALLY

2 CLEAR AIRSPACE

7 5/8 CMU

WEEP VENTS @24 O .C. ABOVE TRAPEZIODAL

2 TRAPEZOIDAL DRAINAGE MATERIAL

BASE FLASHING & COTTON SASH WEEP @ 240.C.

@24 O.C. (FOR VENTILATION)

ONE EXAMPLE OF AWEEP VENT WHICHVENTILATES CAVITY RESISTS CLOGGING

OR OPEN HEAD JOINTS @ 24O.C.

DRAINAGE MATERIAL TO VENTILATE CAVITY


10/12

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t u r e

C o m m e n t s

Sy s t e m #9 NARROWER, MORE ECONOMICAL BRICK / BLOCK CAVITY WALLThis system is a cavit y wa ll consisti ng of an exterio r brick and a CMU backup.The two wythes are anchored with horizontal joint reinforcement, providingone tie per 2.67 ft2 of wall area The joint reinforcement can be ladder tri-rodtyp e, tab typ e, or adjustable. Here we are using an insulate d and atta cheddrainage b oard to e liminate t he need for a clear air space. This allows one tocreat e a t hinner more economical wall. Wat er drains dow n the drainage boardand exits though weep holes at flashing locations.


7 5/8 CMU

1 1/2 RIGIDAIR SPAC

3 5/8 B

7 5/8 CMU

HOT DIPPED, G ALVANIZED TRIROD JOINT REINFORCEMENT

@16 O.C. VERTICALLY

1 1/2 RIGID INSULATION WITH 3/8 ADHERED DRAINAGE MAT

0 - 3/8 SPACE

3 5/8 BRICK

OPEN HEAD JOINT WEEP HOLES @24O.C.

BASE FLASHING

12

R - Value of Wall 14.74


11/12

Sy s t e m #10

1 #5 REBAR IN BOND BEAM UNIT

#5 REBAR @ 30 O.C.

4 5/8 X 9 5/8 X 2 3/4 HOLLOW

2 RIGID INSULATION

DRYWALL

BASE FLASHING

An c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

A n c h o r a g e

Mo v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

Sy s t e m

#

11# 4 REBAR GROUTED IN BOND BEAM

#6 REBAR & GROUT @ 48 O.C.

WATERPROOF OR DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE

TYPE S MO RTAR USED THROUGHOUT WALL

8 CMU

4 PERFORATED DRAIN TILE TO SUMP PUMP

17 0

9 4

5 HOLLOW REINFORCED BRICK WALL(residential / retail / commercial / religious)

8 REINFORCED CMU FOUNDATION WALL(residential / commercial)

DECORATIVE ALTE

SPLIT FACED UNITING INWARD CRE

FINISHED BASEME

TOP UNIT FACES OWARD.

LOAD-BEARING BRICK

OR TO DAYLIGHT


12/12

Sy s t e m #12

A n c h o r a g e

M o v e m e n t

M o i s t ur e

8 REINFORCED SPLIT FACE CMU(retail / commercial / institutional / specula-tive o ffice & warehouse)

CONTINUOUS SEALANT

1 #5 REBAR IN BOND BEAM UNIT

#6 REBAR & GROUT @ 48 O.C.

NON-G ROUTED CORES FILLED WITH

7 5/8 SPLIT FACE CMU

BASE FLASHING

24 0

DISCLAIMER NOTICE

This guide contai ns technical informatio n on masonry wa ll systems. It provides some of the b asic informat

required to prope rly design and deta il these systems. This booklet doe s not cover all designs or condit io

The information presented illustrates only principles that are involved.

The information contained in this guide is based on the available data and experience of the technical sta

of the Masonry Advisory Council. This information should be recognized as suggest ions which, if followe d

with good judgement, should produce positive results.

Final decisions on the use of information, details and materials as discussed in this guide are not within th

purview of t he Masonry Advisory Council, and must rest wi th the project designer, owner, or bot h.

FOAMED-IN-PLACE INSULATION

Masonry Advisory Council

1480 Renaissance Drive, Suite 401Park Ridge, IL 60068

voice (847)297-6704 fax (847)297-8373

htt // M O li

Documents

Think Systems