Community at the quarry

A discourse on Architectural thought presented in Form This final project is presented to the faculty of the school of architecture by Alejandro Lopez-Tasso in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture Southern Polytechnic State University, Marietta, Georgia Spring Semester 2014

Architecture student Internal advisor Professor Ph.D. William Carpenter internal advisor Bronne Dytoc thesis coordinator Professor Michael Carroll thesis coordinator Professor Robert Tango

Dedication Este libro lo quiero dedicar primeramente a mi familia, por apoyarme y creer en mi y darme la oportunidad de seguir una carrera. A mi papa, Lizardo, mi madre, Gaudalupe y a mis dos hermanos Emilio y Gabriel. A una gran amiga,que la llevo siempre en mi corazon Y a mis abuelitos Q.E.P.D

Acknowledgment I want to thank the department of Architecture and every professor I learned from ,especially in studio which with their guidance all what I know of architecture until this point has been possible. Also, to my peers in studio ,which with our long debated discussions, opinions and contact made my student experience here at Souther Polytechnic richer .

Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 1.1. Design Hypothesis 8 1.2. Relevance of the Design Hypothesis in Literature Theory on Composition 9 Palladio 10 Van der Laan 15 1.3. Proposed Project Nature, Context and Rationale 16 1.4. Underlying Principles of the Design Hypothesis to the Proposed 17 1.5. Relevance of the Precedent Analysis to the Proposed Project 18 History 19 Usonian Houses 22 Prefab Houses 27 Standard Construction 33

CHAPTER 2 2.1.1. Site Selection and Significance to the Proposed Project 36

2.1.2. Documentation of Existing Site Conditions 38 2.1.3. Topological Survey(s) and Applicable Zoning 39 2.1.4. Geographical, Natural and Historical Patterns 40 2.1.5. Physical and Socio-spatial Patterns 41 2.2 Site Analysis 42 2.2.1 Site Plan:Physical Character Studies 44 2.2.2 Boundaries, Connections, Relations and Emerging Patterns 46

CHAPTER 3 3.1 Community Models (Prototypes) 49

3.2 Common area Models (Prototypes) 55 3.3 Final Prototype 58 3.4 Housing Models 54 3.5 The Unit, Final Prototype 59 3.6 Program:client aplication 72

CHAPTER 4 4.1 Final Documentation 76

4.2 Construction Method 80 4.3 Drawings-Paintings 90

CHAPTER 5 5.1 Reflections by Author 95

BIBLIOGRAPHY 96

A discourse on Architectural thought

presented in Form

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Design Theorem

• The thesis consists on designing a community which will be the testing ground for some of the ideas that I as a designer seem to lean towards. The final form of the architecture will showcase those ideas.

• This project offers an opportunity to experiment and try out everything I learned in school and on my personal research. This case study may lead to construct certain design parameters and can shed light to create a future theory I can follow. My investigation into literature is to synthesize ideas from Palladio, Hans Vander Laan and the Beaux Arts School. All of them are in direct linkage with Vitruvius and traditional western architecture. They form a strong ground to stand on, and while they may offer a direction in design, the research interest in the project is in the end what drives the project. The ideas are first and technique follows to make those ideas in built form

• Theory in this thesis helps me as a designer to understand architecture through the thought of other architects , and in no way diminishes but enhances the process of design. It is a tool , since theory was

written when certain patterns of design were observed. It is only knowledge that resonates with my design process, and it is not to be followed exactly. It is an aid ,since prescedent is useless if one does not understand the ideas behind it.

• The thesis aims at critiquing the current suburban model and proposing a new one.

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Design Hypothesis

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A building starts with a PLAN Proportion/pier distribution/wall thickness/good circulation Architecture must be USEFUL before it is BEAUTIFUL first is habitation ,material necessities , then esthetic needs ARCHTITECTURE: HARMONY OF FORM: oARRANGEMENT: well composed plan (USE + BEAUTY) oFORM : exterior/interior (BEAUTY IS FOUND IN GOOD PROPORTION) oFINISH: appearance and selection of materials ARCHITECTURE must belong to its TIME, its PLACE. oClimate oTopography oReligious and social customs (the aspirations of the time) THE EFECT OF ARCHITECTURE: Impression of a certain definite CHARACTER ARCHITECTURE HAS SPIRITUAL MEANINGS: nothing to do with material functions CHARACTER corresponds with the PROGRAM ARCHITECTURE is spiritual ENGINEERING is not. In Visual Arts APPEARANCE counts for everything after use and stability have been met.

Theory on Composition

ESTHETIC LAWS OF ARCHITECTURE

Unity of FORM Unified COMPOSITION Composition as a whole PROPORTION AND SCALE : parts to each other & entirety What is the purpose of the design? CHARACTER: oTreatment of configuration (purpose , materials used) oRational means of construction 1ST IMPRESSION : Mass / Silhouette OTHER IMPRESSIONS: oEquality of SCALE oUniformity of STYLE oWall/ window AREA oHorizontal lines oDecorative features

SEMPER: oSYMMETRY: Equipoise stability /force of gravity oPROPORTION: 3-fold division (BURDEN,SUPPORT,CROWNING) oDIRECTION: which direction the building faces? (FRONT,SIDES,REAR) PRIMARY FUNCTION: Provide shelter (enclosure of space)

STUDY OF THE ORDERS : is the study of proportion Study of COMPOSITION : is the proper study of combining proportions PROPORTION oRelative: ratio of a certain part to the whole oAbsolute: relation between the different parts of the whole , whole to its separate parts. STUDY OF PROPORTIONS: o1ST: relative capacities of materials in construction to resist stress o2nd: study of relative sizes, shapes ,distribution of rooms, corridors and all spaces in plan o3rd: study of combination of the elements of architecture and ornament in PROPORTION/SCALE

Every architectural composition must be constructible, for every project not so is radically nothing---GUADET

ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE Walls must conform in proportion and scale to edifice COMPOSITION OF WALLS: result from materials and method of construction adopted oBase , middle part, and crowning part oTexture, method of jointing, thickness revealed in opening THICKNESS OF WALL: oConstruction, climate ,effect desired, decoration oOutside walls must be thicker than internal oBasement is thicker oMode of construction is source of decoration OPENINGS: rectangular or arched Proportions are high rather than wide Rectangular doorway is simple and practical entrance External doorway: have landing before steps for effect and safety Protect opening from rain water BALUSTRADES: not exceed 4ft in height

ROOF: recall the composition of plan PRIMARY FUNCTION: covering and protection clearly expressed. Ornament relegated to chimneys, gables ,crestings , minor details Roof is an artistic element Consider inclination of gable

INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE

Depends primarily upon the composition of ceilings 1st think of the ceiling Composition of wall must be in HARMONY with form and subdivision of the ceiling A brake occurring in a wall must counterpart the opposite wall AXES: used when studying interiors, principal and secondary AXES RATHER THAN SPACES EFFECT through prolongation of axis through ROOMS INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE = to EXTERIOR STUDY OF PLAN, then façades and sections GENERAL PRINCIPLES: oInterior forms are seen at a less distance than outside of the building oTreat with refinement , delicacy oInterior has diffused light ,low intensity oCombine with furniture, draperies ,movables oMaterials suited for exteriors do not lend themselves to interior finish oRicher and plastic materials oBases are darker in color than walls oClosest contact with human requirements oRespond to intellectual, emotional ,spiritual or practical needs.

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Palladio

BOOK PLAN/ ELEVATIONS before building oConvenience, durability and beauty oCONVENIENCE: each architectural element in its proper place,(no less dignity ,no more than utility) oDURABILITY: well plumbed, solid above solid, void above void oBEAUTY: graceful shape, relationship of whole to the parts , parts among themselves and to the whole. Drawings and model first Calculate entire cost Material availability Palladio goes into describing the materials and their use. Timber,stone,sand,lime and metals Quality of ground He goes onto the description of the methods of foundations available.

Palladio gets into the explanation of the orders as he measured them Important is the placement and distance of columns to achieve intercolumniation Introduces the MODULE as a proportional measurement (his drawings are in graphic scale) obased from diameter of column, divided into 30 or 60 minutes (according to the column used) oThis is a proportioning system , that will create relationships of one element to the others. oDown to every detail he prescribes all measurements

FRACTIONS: 1/2,2/3,3/4,1/4,1/3, are used in the detail drawings, probably derived from harmonic ratios ,other parts are divided in different parts ,7ths,5ths,etc

1 M O m. 20

Divided in 60 parts

Divided in 30 parts

Moduli first, minuti second

Way of reading his measurements/proportions

74 x 74 MO’s space. Palladio is economical in his measurements going either vertical or horizontal

Parts are divided into subparts and so on. Palladio is meticulous on the naming of each and its fractional dimensions. Usually the size of the smaller part derives from the measurement of a bigger one

Rooms are SYMMETRICAL, so they take the same loads from the roof 7 types of rooms oCircular oSquare oSquare 1/3 oLength=diagonal of square oSquare 1/2 oSquare 2/3 o2 squares

•Pavements: brick floors are pleasing oInterconnecting rooms must have same floor •Ceilings: proper spacing of beams •Rooms with ceiling: height is = to breadth of room, rooms above 1/6 less in height than those below •Vaulted rooms : Palladio gives a set of complicated proportions and how to arrive at those according to different types of vaults. •Doors: oMatch size of building oType of patron oThings that are brought in and out oPrincipal doors in position where one can go from all parts of the house •Windows: oLet not too much or little light oBigger rooms require more light than smaller ones oNO > 1/4 length of room OR < 1/5 of the same (BREADTH OF WINDOW) o(HEIGHT) 2 squares 1/6 of BREADTH oRemain the same size regardless of room sizes, they change when story changes (diminish the size by 1/6) oWindows on the right same as on the left oAre away from angles or corners of a building •Doors above doors, windows above windows. •Doors face each other, for someone to be able to see other from another part of the house

•Fireplaces: not applicable to today unless necessary. •Chimneys, ducts: built to dissipate heat •Ventiducts: direct breezes through subterranean vaults to cool a house •Stairs: oNot interfere with the rest of the building oMust have 3 openings: door, windows (to light stairs),one opening for floor above oNatural light distributed along stair oStorerooms underneath them oNo > 1/2 a foot, No < 4 inches (height) oBreadth No < foot, No > foot 1/2 oSteps uneven in number, so when one starts with one foot one ends with same foot oNo more than 11 or 13 steps before building a LANDING oTYPES: straight : 2 extended flights, square : 4 flights, spiral:circular,oval

Use of loggias: built front and back oWalking in, eating in ,pastimes Entrances: public spaces ,first part house is presented with oGreeting ,doing business Halls: for parties,banquets,comedies,weddings; space must be bigger to accommodate people

•Roofs: binds the whole structure oProtects from rain, snow, burning sun, damp at night oThrows water away from walls oRidges change according to region oBreadth to of area to be roof divided into 9 parts, 2 given to ridge height •Gutters: must have foot 1/2 of wall above them

BOOK

Samples of Palladio designs, ancient houses

•CHAPTER 1 Decorum oBeautiful, graceful, permanent oHOUSES Suitability Status of the person Decorum, large buildings=large members small=small, medium size=medium size oType of building to suit them •CHAPTER 2 Planning of Rooms oLoggias, halls,courtyards,magnificent rooms, large staircases=well lit, easy to ascend oHuman body= has parts that are beautiful, less unpleasant, oBuilding= parts admirable, others less elegant oMost beautiful are exposed, more unpleasant hidden: cellars, wood stores, pantries, kitchens, smaller dinning room,laundries,ovens,other things essential for daily life in the lowest part of the building (partly underground) upper parts (become healthy to live in) oBuilding large, medium size, small rooms, side by side oSummer rooms large, spacious oriented north (we seek shade breezes) oWinter south/west smaller (seek the sun) o smaller rooms get warmer quicker oTo use in spring/ autumn oriented east look out gardens ,greenery oStudies/libraries, same part/used in morning oLarge rooms/ medium sized

CHAPTER 3 Houses in city

*Palladio starts with a play of different size rooms, arranged within the plan and connected in terms of circulation through thresholds (doors),this is done to interweave the plan into its own relationships THE NOTION OF WHOLE TO PARTS IS APPLIED THIS WAY.

* 3d models show a simplified form of the plan and its 3d volumetric perception, is in no way an accurate representation

oGROUND FLOOR: rusticated, ionic columns oGround floor rooms vaulted, rooms above are wider, ceilings as high as they are broad. oHall is upward to roofs, Kitchen outside Lavatories at side of stairs

Antonini HOUSE

Chiericati HOUSE

oLower part has loggia in front of whole façade o5’ raise ground floor oLarge vaulted rooms oHall above middle of façade oDoric ground floor façade, Ionic above

Porti HOUSE

oHouse faces two public streets/ two entrances oCourtyard surrounded by porticos ,divides house in 2 parts oOne for the master/guests oCellars are underground

Thiene HOUSE oHouse is a block oCourtyard oCorner octagonal rooms oCellars are underground

DellaTorre HOUSE

oEntrances to the side o2 courtyards oOpen hall oMiddle stairs

oHouse divided in 2 parts by middle courtyard oGround floor rooms vaulted o2nd floor rooms have ceilings

Valmarana HOUSE

physical model of design

oCourtyard,loggias,halls oRooms large,medium sized, small oUnroofed courtyards

Capra HOUSE

Barbarano HOUSE

oAsymmetrical plan oDivided into servant rooms, and kitchen/women rooms oCorridor opposite entrance oVaults and ceilings used in different rooms

Villa Almerico oLoggias built on 4 sides oCircular hall is in the middle oRooms under the loggias

This is Palladio’s most known design

In Chapter IV, having included some of the designs Palladio did, he goes on to describe Some aspects of designs of ancient houses. •Atrium is most important part of the house

Palladio then again goes onto describing more of his designs, the next series of studies seek to show the different but similar iterations of the houses in terms of square, rectangular shapes, both big and small. It is a game of proportioning of rooms.

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Van der Laan

Nature and Architecture •House is reconciling element between man and nature •Process: nature,material,house,man •3 functions: dwelling,buidling technique, preparation of materials •Architect: the technique of building •Form of the house: the realization of human habitat: oSpace dividing oSpace ordering oSolid elements to enclose spaces oForm of the house : it serves , it is made , is put together •Experience/Space vs. Space of nature •Space is between walls •Upright bar-form is 1st architectonic datum •Wall 2nd architectonic datum •Architectonic space 3rd architectonic datum (between 2 walls) Space, Form and Size

•Relationship Inside-Outside space (experience space, natural space) •Experience: sensory and animate •Solid-Void dyad (void=form of pace, solid=form of the mass) •Inside is dependant on the wall •Outside is dependent on the inside •Quantity is accessible to the mind only through number (relation to a unit) •Space is measure by unit of volume •To measure a block/shaped volume ,one must measure 3 times in succession •1st : bar-shaped volume •2nd a slab shape •3 block-shaped volume •Volume is bounded by surface, not line •Triad: line-plane-volume •Line is active element ,by measure of line we can know the size of volume •Space ,form, size reflect in house 3 levels of human existence •Experience, perception and knowledge find support in them Inside and Outside •Experience-space has an intimate zone for work, a wider zone for walking in •The experience-space is composite of workspace-walking/space-visual field •Human habit has 3 demarcations: cell, court and domain

•three fold architectonic space has 4 possible dispositions •We can share visual field with many people, but intimate workspace with a few •Mutual bond of people •To dwell at individual, familial and social level

Solid and Void •Relation outside/inside ,inside is the fixed datum •Relation inside/wall, wall is the fixed datum •Build the wall, the inside becomes •Form is property of mass , not space •Every form is determined by 3dimensions •In architecture these are the main forms: block, bar, slab

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• The project takes into consideration a contemporary residential problem, the developer. The developer creates subdivisions, apartments and general housing with a lack of community. The project searches to create a community with public and private spaces that are more sociable, more green, less friendly to the car and more friendly to the pedestrian. As the design develops ,issues of construction are dealt with issues of composition and economy. Investigation of the standard of American construction methods and prefabrication methods will be taken into account for ease of construction and different economies. • The design result is different dwellings to bring different types of people. The new community may challenge those around it ,and the goal is to integrated it. Live ,work ,green space. Duplex, multi family, community oriented architecture.

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• The principles applied are the combination of the different factors in terms of theory,history,and Individual case studies of other designers. • Although the thesis seeks to clarify this methods and its application in more coherent and systematic manner; they are used during the phase of design in a conscious or unconscious way, and they can only be described as it develops ,for no solutions are based on stone.

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PRESCEDENT COMMUNITY MODELS

Studio Koossino, the Moai Guesthouses Plan of Monastery Santa Catalina, in Arequipa,Peru. All the communal activities are shared.

Cohousing Model –Principles: Peripheral parking The Common House Resident Management

Pre-Incan citadel Layout of boxes (Volumetric spaces) against open spaces

HOUSES TYPES IN GEORGIA

A house type is defined in terms of its PLAN + HEIGHT.

Also the type of roof, location of doors/chimneys, kind of porch.

Consider the main part of house, the CORE

Not to be confused with style.

This list describes the most common house types in the last 50 years.

1 to 1 1/2 STORIES HIGH

Single Pen

• single unit square of rectangular

• the chimney is at the exterior end

• doors and window varies

• gable roof

• built around 1850/1900

• located in North Georgia

Double Pen

• two rooms (square)

• two doors in main facade

• chimneys at ends

• gable roof

• built 1870s/1930s for

Industrial/agricultural workers

Saddlebag

• central chimney between two rooms

• rooms square

• gable roof

• subtypes:

• exterior door into each room

• single central door into a vestibule

• built 1830s/1840s/1930s

This investigation seeks to clarify the most typical single residential plans used in the region through history. It gives the pattern in simple geometry and may point to an arrangement to the project.

Central Hallway

• central hallway between two rooms

• gabled roof

• exterior chimney on both ends

• built 1830s-1930s

Dogtrot

• Open passage between two rooms

• gabled roof

• exterior end chimneys

• 1840s/1850s

Georgian Cottage

• Most popular type in Georgia

• central hallway with 2 rooms

• plan shape square

• gabled or hipped roof

• chimneys in interior rooms

• built on all periods of Georgia's history

• located in Piedmont Region

Sand Hills Cottage

• one story and raised basement

• 2 rooms deep with central hallway

• gabled roof

• chimneys along exterior walls

• front entry stairs

• Built in the Augusta Area

Shotgun

• urban phenomenon

• for low income workers

• built 1870s/1920s

• one room wide and 2 rooms deep

• no hallway

• doors line up front/back

• popular in larger cities of GA

Double Shotgun

• two shotguns side by side

• hipped or gabled roof

• for low income workers

• built around late 19th and

early 20th century

HOUSES STYLES IN GEORGIA (FRONT ELEVATIONS)

Cultural and Social architectural language of surroundings.

All styles keep the idea of front face or facade.

Very strict geometry.

This leads the way to a design that respects that configuration,but can be somewhat different.

A brief study of Zoning in different house designs by other designers

vs

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Usonian Houses

“A private house is manifestly designed for use of a family…there is a great number of persons and things in a family, which you cannot distribute as you would in a city as well as you can in the suburbs. In building in town, your neighbor's wall, a common gutter, a public square or street, and the like shall all hinder you contriving it just to your own mind; which is not so in the country, where you have as much freedom as you have obstruction in the town” Alberti

USONIAN CONCEPT • Usonia alludes to a reformed American society FLW envisioned.

• The Jacobs house was the first Usonian home

o 1,500 SF built in 1936 for $ 5,500, this is $ 82,500 today

o The client was a journalist, his wife and daughter

o FLW fee’s was $450 or $6,750 of today.

o FLW own words: “It is not necessary only to get rid of unnecessary complications in construction, necessary to use work in the mill to good advantage (off-site prefabrication),necessary to eliminate ,so far as possible, field labor, which is always expensive ,it is necessary to consolidate and simplify the three appurtenance systems—heating , lighting, and sanitation”

• Planning Innovations

o Privacy from street, maximized garden, spacious interior

o Turned back of house to the street

o Bedroom wing

o Living area,fireplace,dining and terrace other wing

o Central kitchen and bathroom

• Construction Techniques

o Board and batten walls ( load-bearing masonry, glazed walls)

o Planning grid ( 2’ x 4’ module)

o Underfloor heating

• Low Building Cost

o Completed within the budget

o Supervised by Wright himself

o Nature of the home

o Sense of serenity, variety and security

o Identity from street, private domain within

o natural materials, scent of wood

o Spatial variation of rooms, bedrooms intimate, living room large spacious.

o Ceiling height varies

o Space is complex and ambiguous not static

o Space augmented by light shifting through the day

• Performance

o Durable and strong

o Acoustic privacy due to solid floors

o Quite adequate insulation

o Roof prevents summer solar radiation

o Successful joinery

• Heating system

o Condition was favorable from the use of the concrete floors and brick masses

o Cross drafts obtain from clerestory windows

o Roof shades walls and glass

• There were 26 completed Usonians, 31 unbuilt.

Jacobs house” Usonia 1”

A museum model showing an exploded view of the components of the house, wooden roof ,wooden window frames, board and batten walls, brick masses and concrete floor

5 types of Usonian House

•Also known as the tadpole design. •A good example is the Rosenbaum House: oBuilt for a scholar oSimilar to Jacobs house oLiving areas more spacious oEnlarged dining alcove,100-SF study, service core oHeater at floorslab oBedroom wing w/ 3 rooms terminated w/ 2nd bathroom oHorizontality of exterior oStreet façade forms a wall oContains a Japanese garden oGuestroom terminates in one arm oOther arm contains kitchen,playroom,utility room, 2nd carport •Other projects: Pope house,Sondern house,Rebhuhn house, Schwartz house,Brauner house, Garrison house, Newman house.

POLLYWOG USONIAN

A student model showing the relationship of materials within the house

DIAGONAL USONIAN

•Polliwog with diagonal elements •Used in postwar designs •1937 Marcus house in Dallas,TX: oLong horizontal house o28’ x 64’ living oNatural air conditioning oCentral chimney oMultilayered geometry oDiagonal terrace •Other houses: separate daytime/nighttime functions •Diagonal wing •Triangular intersections •Other projects: Armstrong house, Manson house,Jurgensen house,Panshin house

Original model

A drawing ,the house was never built

•Single block plan •Short circulation routes •Small perimeter •Sturges House 1939: oCompact plan oLiving area is circulation space oPerched on the edge of hill with Two thirds cantilever oSimilar to Falling Water oBoard and batten wall oHouse indigenous to Los Angeles basin •Other projects: The Winkler- Goetsch house,Baird house,Pauson house.

IN-LINE USONIAN HEXAGONAL USONIAN •Hanna house built in 1936: oClient was a teacher of child education oHexagonal plan form oWraps around a garden oLargest Usonian oParticipant is the center of experience oHas sequential spaces oJoined to the outdoors oSkylighted oVaried in levels/ ceiling heights oOpen glass walls •Other projects: Stevens house, Bazett house, Wall house “Snowflake”, Sundt house, Richardson house

RAISED USONIAN

•Masonry piered plan •Used on edge of ravines or water •Lewis house built in 1940: oRaised off the ground oHas Florentine scale oGrand entry along loggia oBroad stair oUpper livingroom, screened porch oBedroom tail oCypress detailing oScale for large parties of owners •Other projects: Pew house, Affleck house,

Section through living space

•Suntop homes for Todd Company •Lot divided into 4 gardens with the respective 4 houses •3 story mezzanine home •Reduced external surface area, building costs •Only 1 (4 dwelling unit) was built at $ 16,000 which is $ 256,000 today. •Clear zoning, different activities on ground floor, upper dining balcony, easy access to Kitchen, to children’s bathroom. ½ acre lots had density of 30 people per acre.

The Quadruple Homes

•Designed in 1939 in Lansing, Michigan •It went through working drawings, but aborted when the builder was already on the site •It went through FHA but it was not approved. •40 acres, with 7 different homes. •Cooperative farm unit as a step for self-sufficiency

Usonia 1 project

Cooperative Homesteads

•Designed in 1942 •Low-cost housing •FLW designed the berm-type house •Earth was excavated from a sunken garden and rammed up against the house to form grassed banks •Deflected winds, provided low-cost insulation •Plan is economical •Grouped services, generous livingroom, no wasted circulation •Floor to ceiling glazing to entrance and carport •Lower level is workshop, dry food, and vegetable storage area.

•designed in 1947 near Galesburg, Michigan •Wright designed 4 house ,they used concrete blocks •Community members were chemists •proposed a layout of serpentine roads servicing 1 acre lots

Galesburg Country Homes

Parkwyn Village Community

•designed in 1947 near Kalamazoo, Michigan part of the Galesburg group •5 homes designed by FLW

Usonia II homes

•Largest cooperative located in Pleasantville, New York •50 homes built in 97 acres of land •David Henken,an engineer, worked with FLW to plan it in 1940 •Wright designed the master plan and 3 homes •9 other architects designed the other houses under his approval •Uses circular 1-acre lots in clusters of 5 •Each surround an open central area for parkland,play,camping and barbecues •Uses a serpentine road plan that is related to the contours of the land •Community facilities are: playgrounds, vegetable gardens, a children’s farm, swimming pool, and community house.

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Prefab Houses

Issues in Designing Construction

•Mechanization and speed bring access to quality of design •Prefabrication is the making of parts in an offsite workshop prior to installation at the site •It is done in order to reduce cost, and time expenditures •To enhance quality and consistency •Prefab plays a major role in nearly every project, shipped to the site as small pieces to be assembled •May lead to a wider array of choices in housing types and products •Cases studies presented here are from the firm Anderson Anderson Architecture •Improved safety and working conditions •Investment in research, design creativity, and product development •Reduced consumption of energy and materials •If focus of prefabrication is only in cost savings, or superficiality of design style instead of comprehensive systems approach this may lead to increased land consumption, lower wages, higher prices, reduced competition, choice and quality. •Prefabrication must be seen in the larger context for progress in construction industry. PREFABRICATION FROM MANY POINTS OF VIEW: •Ways to adapt common materials ,products and techniques to best engage with the mainstream building industry. •site-specificity •Mass production issues seen in a personal unique way •Prefabrication is a sub-industry •Building construction as a creative process •Technical, social ,and historical research •Prefabrication is an issue of modernism. •Buildings are best when they emerge logically and honestly from immediate material,process and cultural contexts. •Standardization, systemization,rationalization,material honesty, realism, technical innovation in support of

social progress. •Practical construction within social and political responsibility, the economics and technology of construction. •Prefab is simple to understand conceptually and not so difficult technically •Architects lack the capacity to understand it as an issue of investment and organization •Many architects are more interested in the concept, the space, the form and innovative details. •Prefab and mass-production was central to the logic of modern architecture •Joseph Eichler and the middle-class housing developments in 1950’s ,60’s and 70’s oWell conceived in planning oLandscape oQuality of life home design oLow technology , low cost, 2x4 framing oRelationship of building to its site oAffordable, well-designed , stylish •Prototype prefabrication that focus on the adaptation and implementation of readily available materials and building techniques to the needs of specific sites and programs rather than for entirely experimental technologies •Lack of sophisticated architects and designers interested in mass-market construction who are capable of integrating the availability of existing products and systems into appealing and affordable buildings. PEOPLE,LANDSCAPE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE: •Wasteful construction system chaos •Contribution to quality of life , contribute a larger social purpose. •Question of individuality in design, craft ,and living? oPrefabrication as a tool ,means method or process not an end unto itself oDesign and construction draws from particularities of site and inhabitants ,not from technical concerns and production methods

oForces that shape the design: the client ,construction workers ,surrounding populace ,visitors ,future generations of occupants, owners,neighboors. oZoning, building codes, Americans with Disabilities Act, environmental regulations, health and safety codes, union rules, neighborhood covenants, easements and title restrictions LANDSCAPE PRESSURED BY TIME : •Relationship of building to landscape •Landscape = topography, vegetation ,neighboring structures ,streets ,animals , and people •2 approaches: building logic conforms to site, geometric form distinct from natural site DESIGN, PROTOTYPING, AND MANUFACTURE •Concept of iterative design and prototyping processes. •There is no time or budget for prototyping , or testing assemblies. •Testing of individual components is well developed, but the behavior of systems working together is a difficult issue to assess •Role of the architect is focused on the design of the interface •Role of builder is focused on methods of assembly rather than onsite craft fabrication •Working with prefabrication requires repeated prototyping and proposals •Contemporary architecture and mass-market construction lack creativity COMPREHENSIVE IMAGINATION AND RESPONSIBLE ARCHITECT •Architect are master builders, expert in craft of construction •Traditional role of structuring the conceptual and physical logic of the whole •Material ,technique and process •Alignment of theory and practice thanks to digital production , mastery of the broad , creative overview. •Master builder approach, (to maintain the generalist’s overview) ECOLOGY OF PREFABRICATION AND STANDARDIZATON •Standardization permits a well integrated ecology of the build environment •It can lead to reductions of energy, transportation costs, reductions in material waste and redundant warehousing, recyclability of building components, savings of time,furstration,injury and redundancy on the job site.

Prefab Systems Panelized 2x4

•Extension of the onsite wood framing system of American residential construction •Ready available and cost –effective ways to build •Prefabricated wood frame panels for 2x4 and 2x6 construction •Level of inefficiency in transporting pre-assembled panels •Not easy to make panels taller than 9 or 10 feet •Length is more flexible ,as much as 45 feet or longer •Used for single-family houses , multi-family and mixed-use structures •It can follow the configuration of conventional framing techniques •There is a short learning curve for the architect •Easiest prefab building system to mesh with building codes , lender financing, real state appraisals and marketing

CNC Timber Framing

•Most timber-frame industry is designed and built in Germany •With CNC much of the hand labor is reduced , steel connectors can be used •Little use of this technology in modern design •Timber framing is compatible with panelized stud walls •Log construction has introduced technological advances

Concrete Systems

•Prefab materials in concrete is recent innovation •CMU is the earliest application (8x8x16 inches) oUsed as structural material •Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) =“foamed concrete” o20% lower density than conventional concrete oSuperior thermal and sound insulation oMore easily cut and drilled oEase of transportation because of its lightness oDisadvantage is reduced compressive strength oLow rise structural applications, non load bearing with other structures •Lightweight removable forming systems oMade of steel , aluminum , or plastic forms oMore complex molds oDecreases labor and production costs oFoam polystyrene used to mill complex formwork using CAD/CAM milling machines. •Insulated Concrete Formwork (ICF) oSupport for concrete oProvides insulating properties oCome in many forms and configurations oUse of post consumer recycled polystyrene •Pre-cast concrete oAvailable to smaller scale construction and residential projects oUse of fiberglass , carbon, or steel fiber instead of steel bars oHas both compressive and tensile strength oLighter ,smaller section panels oOther systems combined with steel framing •Low cost, fire resistance, thermal mass, low maintenance

Steel Framing

•Extensive hardware connectors for wood framing •Light gauge steel and heavy structural systems can be applied together •or separate •Used in many architectural examples: oGerman Pavillion, Mies Van der Rohe oTugendhat House, Mies Van der Rohe oLovell House, Richard Neutra oMaison de Verre, Pierre Chareau •Other architects use the system: oCharles and Ray Eames, Raphael Soriano, Pierre Koenig, Craig Ellwood oBuckminster Fuller, Carl Strandlund (Lustron Houses) •Light gauge steel framing follows the same construction sequence as wood framing

Sandwich Panels

•Sandwich of multiple materials with different properties oInsulation oStructural loading and spanning capabilities •Frank Lloyd Wright is credited with sandwich panels in his Usonian houses •SIPs (Structural Insulated panels) oLayer of encapsulated polystyrene (EPS) board sandwiched between 2 layers of plywood or oriented stand board (OSB) •Variants include structural outer skins of steel, cement, or gypsum, and alternate insulation board layers : poyurethane or polyisocyanurate rigid form, recycled agricultural fiber •Panels provide high level of insulation •Inexpensive, utilize recycled content •Avoidance of trapped air spaces •Ideal for flat-roof or low pitched-roof •Important to protect SIPs from weather •Can be considered structural •Used with splines •Manufactured in 4 foot widths, up to 24 in length •Wider panels are in 6 or 8 widths •Widths range from 4 to 12 inches •Versatile material, can be used as complete systems or in conjunction with structural steel or timber frame

Modular Systems

•Modular is completed or whole sections of buildings built in factory •Completed exteriors,mechanical systems, interior finishes,and fixtures •More efficient and cost effective •Less common to consider pre-designed building block modules in Creating single family houses

Case Studies

Panelized 2x4

•First in series of structures to take advantage of cost saving Panelized framing systems •To produce a small affordable prefab house •Adaptable to site ,light , and view conditions •Use of prefab 8 foot wide vertical panels standard for main Floor and above, and change in their configuration in other parts of the site •The balloon framed studs run continuously from foundation to roof •Floor and roof framing span to exterior walls leaving the interior space open •Windows are placed on the exterior of the panels with studs running through exposed, eliminating headers •Cladding, finishes and fixtures are inexpensive but robust construction grade materials.

Fox Island Residence, Anderson Anderson Architecture

•erected with a prefabricated wood framework • Roof and floor structure are in “massive” fir planks keeping their natural aspect •painted wood particle panels •Heating system is integrated inside the floor concrete slab •Choice and implementation of the materials were systematically simplified to reduce cost

Zufferey House, Nunatak Sàrl Architectes CNC Timber Framing

Etable De Stabulation Libre / LOCALARCHITECTURE

•design free-stall barn for 30 cows •architects conducted a detailed analysis of the farm typologies present in the region •the use of timber made it possible to develop a bearing structure to match the local tradition of the ramée – a large area of open-work wood strips that provides natural ventilation

Arboretum of the Cascades, Anderson Anderson Architecture

•relationship between the built and natural environments, taking advantage of the positive aspect of the site’s easy access and visibility •CNC-milled timber-frame system •underground with the roots of the trees, on the forest, and raised high on stilts to see above the forest •materials taken from that landscape

Concrete Systems •Cast concrete with modular form-work •standardized SIPS sandwich panel and pre-fabricated truss framing components • built in conformity with the strict rectilinear geometry of the tree grid, and equally exploiting the secondary diagonal surprises particular to human motion through an agricultural field. •the house is laid out as long sequences of interior and exterior courtyards •low, single story volume, wheelchair accessible throughout, built with a minimal range of materials: oheated concrete slabs oraw concrete primary walls inside and out owith secondary walls and ceiling clad in white drywall on the interior owith galvanized steel on the exterior ocabinetry and millwork is manufactured of raw Douglas Fir plywood oWindows are fabricated, galvanized steel

Orchard House, Anderson Anderson Architecture

Pentimento House / Jose María Sáez & David Barragán

•Built with a single piece of prefabricated concrete, which can be placed in four different ways (assembly) which solves structure, wall, furniture, ladders, even a garden facade •concrete platform serves as its foundation •On the platform rises the prefabricated system. The pieces are inserted into steel rods anchored with epoxy glue to the platform •The interstices between prefabricated are left open at some points and close in others with a transparent or translucent acrylic and wooden strips •The foundation slab melts with black pigment and hardener to become the finished floor final.

Steel Framing

Annie Residence / Bercy Chen Studio

•two pavilions connected by a glass hallway, enclosing a water garden •Each pavilion contains a central core made of a steel stud frame, covered in translucent blue or red acrylic panels •volumes are staggered to create a deck in the front of the house, as well as a more private patio to the back •outdoor rooms are created with accessible roofs; the terraces provide space for plants and alfresco dining •structural system is a modular steel frame infilled with thermasteel panels •The walls utilized a 4×8 module, topped by 12” clerestory windows •No paint was used for walls and concrete floors have been sealed with low VOC sealer •The roof uses a combination of rigid and batt insulation to achieve an insulated R value of 54

Beaumaris House / Maddison Architects

•Split into two elements, a south facing cantilevered zinc clad living element and a two-story north facing masonry bedroom element •A skeletal PFC steel frame is expressed internally and externally to accentuate openings. This steel frame provides a fineness and legibility •The north facing Bedroom element has its alabaster sawn block work framed and supported by the PFC Steel •Black zinc cladding wraps around the elevated southern living element

Sandwich Panels

Abiquiu House Anderson Anderson Architecture

•SIPs are used for the wall panels only •the roof and floors are constructed of prefabricated 2×4 long-span trusses •chain link as a major material system for the house •chain link stands away from the house, providing enclosure to exterior living spaces, and in other areas it hugs tight to the steel-siding-clad wall surfaces, providing visual continuity and textural relief to the large flat planes while at the same time providing a trellis for creeping plants that will grow up from the ground to further soften the profile of the house

•Built with SIP panels (Structural Insulated Panels), this house is conceived as an attempt to rationalize this construction material and achieve a maximum optimization of its structural and dimensional qualities •configured with two kinds of components: wall panels (122 cm x 244 cm x 11.4 cm) and split-level panels (122 cm x 488 cm x 21 cm) •The principal rooms are clustered toward the north •The panels exposed on the exterior are fashioned as terraces on the second and third floors. •The eastern façade of the house, close to a neighbor, is more closed-off, and the western façade opens up to the light and the view.

SIP Panel House / Alejandro Soffia + Gabriel Rudolphy

Modular Systems

Jot House

Connect 2.1

•In contrast to the 8,000 pounds of waste generated at a traditional home building site, building in a factory cuts waste by over 75% •standard with LED lighting systems, and all Connect: Homes are designed to attain the points necessary for LEED for Homes •modules are 95% complete at the factory, and shipped like shipping containers by rail, sea, or truck •Model Connect 2.1: o640 sf total / 1 bedroom / 1 bath /1 story osmallest home in lineup oA galley kitchen opens up onto a covered deck

Camel Back Shot Gun Sponge Garden, Anderson Anderson Architecture

•high-density urban housing landscape •fabricated almost entirely off-site using a hybrid, steel-frame/structural insulated panel system •Residential units will arrive as pre-assembled and pre-finished living units delivered as components similar to the arrival of two-piece, doublewide trailer units, and lifted into place by crane •detailed to provide maximum daylight and airflow to each unit •stairways and balconies are open air •All rooftops are designed for maximum photovoltaic energy production or for community and private garden spaces, and all roofs collect and filter rainwater for use as non-potable household water

STUDIES OF STANDARD CONSTRUCTION I modellled and drew these details to familiarize myself with this method. Also took an eight week build session with Habitat for Humanity,this lead to a more hands on solution for thesis.

CONCLUSION: The experience of the habitat showed a quick process of building not bad for about a $ 100,000 budget and using non construction people in some phases of the work. In terms of architecture there is a lot left to be desired especially taking advantage of light, mainly because there is no study for orientation, the rooms seem also a little dark and could have been better improved if studied carefully and adapted to the needs of the owner. Construction is fine, well built, but there is too many materials that could be used to give a better appearance and make it more unique instead of being similar to the neighbor who built next to us at the same time (another habitat). This house shows the same idea of a developer, have a plan adapted to any site, any owner, something an architect would never do. It is my thought, that if given to a designer with the same budget, type of construction and time frame, a better solution could be arrived at.

CASE STUDY : Habitat for humanity

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Design Analisis

2.1

Site context

Two parallel studies are done. One the suburban neighborhood to learn its weaknesses in design and the site surroundings of the new site.

Vehicular traffic

2.1

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1 entrance, 2 lane traffic

No sidewalks anywhere

Dallas Highway Old Griffin Rd

Location of house

Architectural Context The conditions of the site are like most developer minded designs. The houses are very similarly constructed. They probably were made by the same developer. All have accesible driveway. There is no sidewalks anywhere.

24 Stone lake Crt , Dallas ,GA 30157 this lot is for the ocation of the house studied. The existing houses are not architecturally done or take into consideration the relationship with the natural site

VOLUME VOID VOLUME

Case study: developer house built 2013

This house is the product of a developer. Mainly done for commercial purposes. This study seeks to unveil the pros and cons of what is sold to the average middle-class citizen. There is no architect involved , but there is a design intent here. The house will be studied in response to its context , its construction, how well it works with the people who live in it. It may raise questions and give answers for the next step in the process ;which is design a similar house involving what we learn from this one.

2.1

.2

The Quarry natural neighborhood includes the Bellwood Quarry, a large granite surface mine, which is the largest proposed addition to the City of Atlanta’s park system. Plant collections in this natural neighborhood represent the rock outcrop communities of Georgia, particularly species endemic to the southeast piedmont that are found nowhere else in the world. Neighborhoods in this area include Rockdale, Knight Park, Grove Park, Bankhead and English Avenue. The Atlanta Beltline program already has plans for housing. The area is sandwiched by two neighborhoods on either side, by the Inman Yard at north and a Jail at southeast side. The area of the quarry is to be transformed into a park and a water reservoir in a future, but for purposes of this project it will be ignored.

2.1

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HISTORICAL MAPS The quarry was fairly an untouched and isolated site from many years. Only used for mining and in the later years a spot for hanging out from the people of the area.

1930 map

1967 map

1950 map 1980 map

2.1

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Some photos surrounding the site- wanted to capture the general feel of what surrounds the quarry. It seems low income and mostly and African American community. Visited Groove park and its neighborhood, which permitted walkable access to it. The flora is inspiring and Proctor Creek is picturesque. The houses that are in this area are regular and traditional.

Photos around the quarry-manage to go up to the south side of the quarry , and its all fenced up for protection. Access is prohibited and the beltline offers access to it,but not until march because of the filming of a movie. I might take a trip again to the east side where it looks I can take more pics of it. I was able to stand to see some of it and you can sense its impressiveness.

QUARRY PHOTOS , Dustin Grau photographs.

2.1

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2.2

Site analysis

SITE DRAWING

Drawing shows section cuts across site terrain

Macrosite

Microsite GIS

2.2

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Light studies--studies of different times during the year to give an idea for the best light,this can aid in picking the location of the design. I wanted for sure to be close or in the quarry. I paired up the times of day with the usual activities one does across the day.

2.2

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LOCATION OF AREA OF THE DESING WITHIN THE SITE

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Design Process

Community Models Different models were made and then critiqued. Each model bringing a new idea that was either discarded or kept for the final model chosen.

3.1

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CENTRAL SPINE MODEL The pedestrian only street (in BLUE), connects all the units without a garage, Common parking is placed next to club house to offer social meeting oportunities. The houses create a “sense” of street, nature is used as backdrop.

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in this model, the residences (DARK GREEN) are placed around courtyard clusters, where the parking,and public spaces are also contained. Walking/biking roads are created along the car roads.

VOLUMES VS SPACES

GREEN SPACES

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VOLUMES PATH VOLUME In this model, the volume of parking vs residence is mitigated by a long walk. Housing units are put together at the quarry site to offer an explendid view. This model proved to be to expensive and was for the wrong clients.

QUARRY VIEW

Physical model

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Here, the idea was to follow the contours of the site, and create the roads along it. Next to the roads the concept of energy wall was conceived (the wall had the services, electricity,water together) The residential units would PLUG IN,as they moved to the community,pedestrian and vehicular traffic are separated. The wall would be the reason for the dwellers to feel that they belong toghether since the Common areas (in ORANGE) is where the services such as laundry and dining,plus energy management would happen. The idea of pumping water from the quarry was also put forth. The project in my thought was too engineered and again too ambitious and expensive for the middle to low income clients.

EMBEDDED CONTOUR

ENERGY WALL

UNIT PLUGS

COMMON AREA ARE NODES

Site plan Physical model

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S CONFIGURATION

In this model previous to the final iteration, the model is smaller considering a community of ten. Similar to the cohousing models, there are two common areas. One is for COOKING AND DINING, the other is COMMON RESTROOMS,SHOWERS and LAUNDRY. This pushes the notion of share living,and walking.

Common Area Models Only two models were studied before the final plan

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Embeded in earth Both these models look at the idea of having the traditional club house transformed in a more social usable space. LAUNDRY, DINING,SHOWERS,COOKING is shared. Is meant to replace the services of the houses to just one unit. All the dwellers would go here,at different times. DELIVERY and MAIL too, and perhaps a playground. It is thought of a community center. The downside is that it forces people to be more sociable and did not allowed for choices . In the last model there is freedom to go here or not,by the introduction of a wetcore.

Mass model in site Detail study model

SKETCHES AS PRELIMINARY TO FINAL CONCEPT.

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

House is broken down into SERVED_ SERVICES CAR ZONE_ WALKING ZONE BACKYARD

We eliminate the idea of BACKYARD,and GARAGE, to emphasize walking and soccial spaces

The model BECOMES a campground around the fire

3.3

The idea is to create clusters of houses inspired from the American indian settlements. Ideas of community ,walking, contact with nature.

SUBURBAN MODEL VS COMMUNITY MODEL: Suburban model is to strict, the new model offers flexible location of units (not fixed), movement of car is limited to arrival,there is more pedestrian walk for healthier people and interaction between neighboors. Nature is not a backdrop but becomes part of the environment as well. The club house is not relagated to sporadic use,but becomes a center of social meetings for those who select to have the minimal dwelling.

EXPERIENTIAL NARRATIVE

SPATIAL ANALYSIS

e

1.Social space (Building space) (Car repair) (Delivery) 2.Mail 3.Shared parking 4.Hygiene 5.Cooking 6.Laundry 7.Eating 8. Outdoor Porch

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THE UNITS AND THE COMMON AREA

e 1.Common Area 2.Parking box 3.Individual units

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SITE PLAN and SITE MODEL

3.4

Housing Models In the models of houses ,the units were explored in terms of program and construction.

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SINGLE AND DOUBLE MODEL

Two designs were explored. 9’ heights, 18’ by 27’ plan. The double height reaches 18’ which is the height of the energy wall. Construction is steel frame with a mix of a concrete core. It is meant to be prefab and brought to site. Entrance happens at the top level, the lower level is for pedestrian and small emergency vehicles.

WET CORE

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SINGLE AND DOUBLE MODEL embeded in site

These single and double floor explore how the model sits on the site. Parking is above ,walking below, Services along the road.

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HOUSE AS COLLECTOR OF RAIN

This model is exploring the idea of carving in the site,having the patio below the ground,so when it rains it also used as a water retainer. Parking above,with only a small volume signifying the house.

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MODULAR HOUSES

These four houses separated the served from the services in simple volumes. Taking a public porch as a mediator to the road. It is a simpler solution but houses proved to be too big.

THE UNIT

9’

9’ 9’

The unit is proportion based on an idealized 6’ figure for a total of a 9’ module (MO). 2 MO make the SERVICED UNIT, 1 MO make the SERVICERS UNIT.

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

3.5

OPTIONAL PROGRAMATIC ITERATIONS

WC connected to porch

Deck

SINGLE + CORE

DOUBLE

Double core

TRIPLE MODULE

ENTRY

Unit 1 profile: Gabriel Lopez’s family Hispanic family in their 30’s. Husband works , mother stays at home taking care of children. Husband likes to work on cars and they enjoy watching a lot of movies. Wife does house chores. They have three kids ,two girls ,one boy. Pets come and go . They like weekend cookouts , playing in the backyard. Only weekends are mostly social gatherings. They are looking to build their own house instead of buying a typical developer’s house. The house must be able to afford their middle age income and project a family oriented image.

• MASTER BED/CLOSET MASTER BATH/ BALCONY (1)

• 3 BEDROOMS/3 CLOSETS/3 BATHS (2)

• GUEST ROOM/CLOSET/BATH (3)

• OPEN KITCHEN/PANTRY (4)

• OPEN LIVING ROOM (5)

• LAUNDRY ROOM (6)

• GAMEROOM/MOVIE ROOM (7)

• OPEN ENTRY (8)

• 3 CAR GARAGE (9)

• FRONT YARD/BACKYARD (10)

• ½ GUEST BATH (11)

• POOL (12)

• DINING/BREAKFAST ROOM (13)

CLIENT APPLICATION

648 ft2

The Pool is eliminated and the family is assigned 2 living units and two wetcores downsizing the first square footage calculated by single rooms.

Initial square footage calculation 4,445 ft2

3.6

AT THE PORCH

Social interaction with neighboor

1 162 ft2

3 324 ft2

405 ft2

1 162 ft2

162 ft2 2

4 405 ft2

1 243 ft2

1 243 ft2

CLIENT APPLICATION Units 2-9 SF Mass Conceptual design development

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COMMUNITY OF UNITS

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Design Synthesis

ELEVATION Marrided couple, no kidz. Late 20’s They are assigned a single wet core,and single unit. It is elevated for privacy and has a porch. Middle to low income.

243 ft2

Unit 10 profile: Raul Tinajero’s family

4.1

TRANSVERSE SECTION

SECTION AT WET CORE

SKETCHES AS PRELIMINARY TO BUILDING THE MODEL

CONSTRUCTION METHOD Post and beam as main frame,2x4 stick construction as secondary, and bamboo construction for minor frames. Walls ,floor surfaces and other items are prefab or assembled (doors,windows,stairs)

Only sufficient trees are cut around lot to make space for unit

Later more modules can be added with addition to The wetcore.

4.2

1 2 Kit of parts delivered by truck Assemby is done communally

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Skeletal frame

Floor members

Wall members

Systems: water,air,electricity

Wall interior panels

Front door

Siding

wall insulation

INSTRUCTIONS

INSTRUCTIONS

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Final Step:

Install murphy bed

Tie bamboo members

Install windows

Ceiling joists and trusses

Install roof

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF MODEL

FINAL UNIT MODEL

Model after first construction

FINAL MODEL, after Professor’s critique and feedback

backside

INTERIOR SHOTS OF MODEL Kitchen, and services outside detail

After removal of roof

Murphy bed, and desk

MODEL AT NIGHT

CONSTRUCTION MODEL

JOINT DETALS

Base support and Water pipe

Detail at top of stair and blacony

Roof detail

Concrete floor

Cantilever Beam

Tree ring

Base

Joint at glass/wood

Column support

STAIRS

Photo of model top view

4.3

Drawings-Paintings This method was used as part of the desing process. They were aid to various visualizations and ideas.

CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

CONCEPTUAL PAINTINGS

CONCEPTUAL SKETCHES

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Critical Response to Design Theorem

5.1

• After the desing solution to the problem of the suburbia.,many issues come to mind to further the research and development of the thesis.

How healthy are these neighborhoods to this people in terms of social interaction?

Is the new model proposed too raidcal? Because it pushes to a new way of living, to a new way of acqusition of land,its main intention to bring back the old generation way of comunal living

• Many issues werent totatlly solved, such as exact cost,how the community will grow in the future? Can this model be repeated in other sites since the intention of flexibility and modularity exists already.

Reflections by author

BIB

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• Anderson,Mark. Prefab Prototypes: Site Specific Design for Offsite Construction. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2007.

• Georgia's Living Places: Historic HOuses in Their Landscaped Settings.1-20

• Historic Preservation Division. House types in Georgia. WWW.gashpo.org.1-16

• Le Corbusier. The Modulor: A Harmonious Measure to the Human Scale. N.P: MIT, Second Printing edition, 1971.

• Padovan,Richard. PROPORTION: Science,Philosophy,Architecture. New York:Taylor and Francis, 2009.

• Palladio, Andrea. The Four Books on Architecture. N.P: The MIT Press, (September, 2002).

• Robinson, JOhn Beverly. Principles of architectural composition; an attempt to order and phrase ideas which have hitherto been only felt by the instinctive taste of designers. N.P: Nabu Press (February 24, 2014)

• Sergeant ,John.Frank Lloyd Wright's Usonian Houses. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1976.

• Van Der Laan, Hans.Architectonic Space: Fifteen Lessons on the Disposition of the Human Habitat. N.P: E. J. Brill (January 1, 1983).

CONCEPTUAL SKETCH

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