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Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive
Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection
1952
A classification of materials handling information to
facilitate equipment selection.
Souza, Horacio Rubens de Mello e.
Purdue University
4
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Hot!
DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARYNAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCMOOLMONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93943-5002
a cl, . icatxoh m UAtmiklS
I facilitate twttmm selection
A Thesis
baltteel to the Faculty
of
Purdue University
by
Horaeio imbens tie 5 «11© e Seusa
In Fartla 1 Fulfillment of the
Requirement a for the Degree
of
Master of Science in Industrial Engineering
May, 1952
•
,-
•
It
ACKHOfU <£HT3
The author wiahes to express hi* great indefctaciness
to Professor 3. Tillea for his guidance, co-operation, and
supervision In the preparation of this thesis*
To Professor E# isuagartner the author Is grateful for
his suggestions and co-operation*
The author wishes to extent* nls appreoiation to the
following companies who supplied invaluable information
through their catalogues and literature?
Acme Steel Co*
Aerol Co*, Inc*
All Steel HelcL , o.
Allia-Chelmera' Manufacturing Co.
Aiaerlcan Engineering Co*
American Monorail Co*
Aiaerlcan >teel I Iron Works
Anchor Steel k Conveyor Co*
Automatic Transportation Co*
The Baker-Baulang Co*
Esrber-Oreene
Barret-Cravens C .
The Basalek Co*
Big Joe Manufacturing Co., Inc*
Blgelow-Garvey lumber Co.
Bond Foundry & Machine Co*
rsinard Steel Co*
1 u a ft .
•.'.»:• ' *
,
& 0,1 1, l
Ill
Bruaateler Steel Products Corporation
The Euda Co.
The E. V* Buahraan Co*
tier Bin Co.
The Chas. iftcu Doepke Manufacturing Co., Inc.
Chiahola-i^oore Hoist Corporation
*f. Um Christenaen Co., Inc.
Clark -qnipaent Co.
Poland Tmarail Mvlalon
Coffing Hoist Co.
Divine Brothere Cc.
Boenojay Englnearir.,
sctrollft Inc.
Kouipffient .Manufacturing Inc.
Factory Service Co.
The ralrbanka Co*
The Fairfield hn&. Co.
Faultleea Caster Corp.
Fibre Specialty Manufacturing Co.
The Frank v. ilou£;h Co.
The Frick»Gal lagher Manufacturing Co.
Link-Belt Co.
Mechanical Handling Systeasa Inc.
Fapida- Standard Co., Inc.
Read Standard Corp.
Kicharde Wilcox Manufacturing G »
Standard fonveyor Co.
Stephena-Aaamaon Manufacturing Co.
Thomas A. Edleon, Inc.
iv
mmcs
I wa» guided by two requirements, when I selected
thle subject for ay thee la work.
Obviously the first requiremect was imposed by the
University*
"A thesis should be done Involving original work
&n<& yielding results that might hsvo some usefulness on
its particular field."
The second requirement was imposed by myself.
"The subject fthftu] OB In such a way that the
preparation of the thesis will enlarge nay knowledge on
the field of Industrial as much aa possible."
A the el s done on s very particular problem of the
Industrial ineerlng field, »ight well be simpler than
a thesis done ©n a general type of problem, since the
former involves few<*r variables, ftjsjsl can be presented
with more specific results.
An industrial engineer should have a thorough under-
standing of the whole field of his specialty and a general
aubject for a thesis may well be more profitable for him
than a specific topic in a localised area of research*
The selection of material handling equipment is a
very broad problem and research on it Involves a complete
branch of industry.
B
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AS3TJ.. . vll
P-"< • • • • • • • 1
rani 2
I. Definition of I'atarlala Handling. . • 2
IX. Importance of "ntarials Uaadllr. . . 4
irront irsnds : . ;«ri*li 3a»dllng . • 7
11
1. Btala Considerations • 11
II. Oonorsl Cl&asification of (Mat . . 12
I. Dafin.lttona . , 13
CLASS tL3 .... 31
CU 32
35
API : A. Stable nsriaon of iiovo^unta andLoa<l» Applicable for Industrial Trucks, Con-venors, I '.ranea ...... 34
A-
. Claasiflc ita# ... 40
BIBLI ol
ft
n
u
vl
LIST OF FIGURES
Pigur• Page
1. I Lift Hand Truck . 19
2, Lift Hand Track • • < 19
3. Uo Lift Power Truck. • 20
4. Low Lift Power Truck 20
5. :gh Liat Powar Truck • 21
6. Traetor-Trailar . 21
7. Special Power Truck. • < 22
8. Roller Conveyor . • « 22
ffheel Conveyor. • • 23
10. Chute • • • • , • t 23
11. Belt Conveyor .... 24
12. Apron Conveyer.. . • M15. Pusher Bar Conveyor. • 25
14. Bucket Conveyor • • 25
15. Independent Tract Carriers 26
16. Chain Conveyor. • • < 28
17. Plat fores Elevator • • < 27
16. Portable Conveyor • • • 27
Special Conveyor • • . H20. Bridge Crane • • • « 28
21. Boon Crane • . • 29
<?2 . Jib Crane. • . . 29
23. ilxed Position Hoist • 30
24. Portable Crane. . • 30
m•
• ....
:•
OS
or,
m »i.
Vii
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this thesis is to classify material
handling Information available from books, pamphlets, or
saagSRines, to collect that information, and to present
It In s compact form to facilitate selection Of equipment
for a tasterlei handling problem.
This classification is made according to movement
required, type of lead, and purposes of the transportation.
Equipment, movements, loads, and the parpo*** of
handling were classified separately, and then assembled
together in a table, where each type of equipaaent is
analysed according to these criteria.
173 oases were surveyed and each case was represented
by an entry in the table, Indies: snat class of equip-
ment was used, what sacvoments were performed, what load
was transported and what the purposes of that handling
were.
The number of tiitea each type of equipment was used
in a particular set of circumstances was obtained, and
percentages were computed. A final table was prepared to
summarise the findings, fls&i table represents the rela-
tionship between equipment and its use, In the esses
analyzed.
''
ItiH
The survey of the literature was my first cones*
Books and ssagaalnes from the *»urdne Libraries, i
catalogues obtained upon request to about fifty manufac-
turers of material handling equipment , were the sources
of information.
One nonth was spent in reading* only* the classi-
fications and the accumulation of data were not started
until the end of that first period.
After the first set of classifications was issued*
the method of investic«tion could be designed. ;ice the
literature on material handling cases ts not uniform in
the type and detail of information it provides, one mi»t
be acquainted with It before start 1 put it to *isa«
tables In appendix A* represent the final form
developed from several preliminary trials. est of the
articles were read more than once to take care of differ-
ences in the ways of collecting data.
It would be nice if all the inforsaation could be
collected in numerical forzn, but this waa not possible;
so classifications of "large", ":*ealuEs w , "assail"
were &ade up, and these are defined*
I?3tances and weights, when not directly ^iven, were
estimated from graphs or phoio&raphs. ^vera^e densities
of materials were often used to obtain the weights. ie
else of workers, when Included in photographs, was aasuaed
as 6 feet and used for height determinations.
. il ,
Of. v
I I:, I rra.4
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-
'
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2
WM OP til
I. Definition of Materlala
Concept of Material Handll: . arial handling
Kieana to peoole In Industry was -.ny first concern whar:
ats thla work.
fol] -o aomo definitions presented by veil*
known author
Koahkin: v *' notarial hantSll aflned aa follows*
It ia tha horizontal or vertical sent, or a combination
of thoaa, or tha picking up and setting, doeJttj of all &at*rl«
ale, whether la their raw, 3 ted, or a
f ini shea Tor.
Piacletellij **' :<andlin£ laateriala la up and
putting down, iiiovin^ in a horizontal or vortical plana,
or both, by any jxeans, aaterlala or products of any kir,-
in thoir raw, ao^i-finlubeu, or completely finished condi-
tio .
3tockor: * 3 ^ ?;aterlal hanallnji ia generally defined
au the handling of raw ialsj aa=^; tcriala
and parte j finished products in pec) , pr-
ions, harrela or in bulk through production storage
1 - . v*,, ,
Tol »j Setts, Inc., l*82,~p'.' HST
9 - 'Vociuctlon handbook; flaw York, The Konald Proaa Co.,I 47,"p. US.
5.- rstockar, H* S«, fcaterlala Handling ; Haw York, PrenticeMall, Inc., 1951, p.T.
3
areas within a plant* All material handling la transporta-
tion and all transportation Is material handling.
Pettaj *4 > mterial Handling is the lifting, shifting,
and placing of any material, regardless of its size, form,
or weight*
Barkers *^ Materials handling is the picking up and
ting down, moving of materials or products in any plane
or combination of planes, by any means, which includes
storage «nd all movements except processln. -.rstrons
and consumption or end of the materiel
•
16)Wharen* Materials handling is transportation of
all materials into and t> a plant, fcha ^anufsc-
turin^ processes, B«#estbly, stores and ship It is,
however, more than transportation in the flew*only accepted
definition of MJPFjlttg or moving materials froa one place
to another in a horizontal plane* It includes liftir. ,
mov5n,;, tiering and stacking. It is the pipeline of pro-
duction*
om $E 13S the foil >wing definition was accepted
after a period of discussions.
4 • *otta t Um W., yatsrlala Handling Kquipaent ; Hew York,Pi ibllshln^ Corp*, 1*4G, p# X#
I - .-, :;. ., jootlio:-, .. .., farh*a« 0* * ., arle,J* ; ., I -iduatrial fra t erla1 a a&nd1 i n- ; ; C laveland, DMThe Lincoln Extension Institute, Inc., 1350, p* 5*
£ - liaaren, . . ,n
, odern materials-Handling ,*American Machinist , June § , *«, pa 109-140*
-:
lift Aha no
M
•
Saoh tlae the material la lifted, laid down, piled
or unpiled, loaded or unloaded, transported vertically
cr hcriaontally from one position to another, placed or
moved iroa* storage , or taoved In any way whatever it under-
>..oae "handling" • There are specific Instances where move-
aaant in a zaeohlne should he included, as in drying equi
raent, feist these exceptions should be explicitly noted.
As can be obaarved, there is a tendency to Include
storage in these considerations? however the point is
not generally accepted. My point of view is that store
should bo Included since modern raaterlal handling equip-
Giant has been designed to improve the storage function as
wall as handling in general*
II* Importance of Materials Handling
Another point to he considered la how important
sjafcerial handling Is. Vhe opinions of inaterlfil handling
author i ties give no significant proof in themselves of
the Importance of this subject. They, too, have to "sell"
their ideas, ilowever, statistical surveys have shown that
an average of 40^ or wore of the cost of a product is spent
In candling operatlone.
7 - .harder, • •» oatai Puaia material Handlln-;,"Iron A^e , vol. 160, -toner 1.
C - Drquhart, L. X., i#f C. . , ?. $ ...ft-serlals handlingCajM ..o'ok; Ms* fork, HeGraw-HIll book Co., l;>ol, p. 3 and
4q»
(13)McClelland , talking about the executive in charge
of material handling, compared his functiona with the func-
tions of the production manager, and proposed that both
should be loos ted in the same echelon on an industry's
organization chart. As he said: "If the two functions,
handling and production, represent comparable costs it
seems logical to ponder the possibility of some such break-
down of assignments"
•
Safety plays an important role in the field of materials
( 14
)
(15)handling v
• Surveys %' show that approximately 40^ of
plant accidents Involve the materials handling operations
within the plant.
A team of selected 'ritish Engineers visiting Ameri-
can Industry to study the circumstances which have led to
the wide application of material handling equipment, ex-
9 - Production Handbook ; New York, The Ronald Press Co.,1947, p. 936.
10- Stocker, H. . , ntorlals Uandllnc ; Hew York, PrenticeKail, Inc., 1951, p. 3.
11- Barker, C. H., Footlik, I. *'., Yarham, C. P., Carle,J. P., Industrial materials iiandlin^ ; Cleveland, Ohio, TheLincoln Extension Institute, Inc., 1950, p. 13.
12- Mallick, H. .v., Gaudreau, a. T., °lant Layout ; Wm York,John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1951, p. 162.
land, tf« B., Joint fravy-Alr iorce "aoka^in^ andlandling 3eminar ; Battle Creek, Michigan, Indua-s ion, Clark equipment Co., 1950, p. 3.
13- McClelland, i« !
., Joint t>avy-Alr ;orce DaokaRinff andMaterials ii
Truck DIvl3:
14- Loughrey, I). J., "* aterial Handling for a Modern OpenHearth Furnace Plant," ftla at ruraace & Steel , vol. 39,October 1951, p. 1211.
15- Urqiihart, L. iU, Boyce, . ., .e Materials .handlingCase Uook; :*ew York, BcOraw-Hill book Co., 1351, :». "29.
el«ii«*u
'
pr«836Q themaelves with the words:
"Our American friends tell ua that the ooat of produc-
tion and distribution ia directly related to their standard
of living and they regard materials handling aa one of the
major factors affecting the coat of living*
Better materiala handling offers a greater opportunity
to cut production costs and to increaae productivity than
any other single factor* In the U* S* factories that we
visited, this conviction was shared by top management and
all ,;radea of employeea, and was given full consideration
in every decision relating to manufacturing methoda and
practice."
Articles written on the matter, commonly emphasise
the fact that a large percentage of preaent industry is
not aware of the full advantages offered by a csreful
analysis of its material handling Installations* Again
thla may be considered aa "eellin^" propaganda, instead
of a lack of knowledge of industrial executives*
The opinion of the British committee and the increas-
ing Investments in material handling equipment, at least,
are two £Ood reasons to reject that idea*
A doubtful point, found throughout the literature is
the question of whether handling alone Increases the valua
of some product*
16- Anglo-Amorlean Council on Productivity, MaterialsHandling in Industry ; i.oi. York, 1950, p* 5 and 9*
-
%£>.' M9%
•ovItMMr&f ba«a**q
. .
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.
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(17)jtocker mentions this fact by writing!
".. .However, It is not true, as has been so often said,
that materials handling adds to cost but not to value*
A machine will convert a piece of bar steel into rail*
road spikes but the spikes will have no value at the ma*
chine. They must be handled from the machine to a ware-
house, railroad car, or motor truck, and so on until they
are delivered to someone who will pay for them where he
wants them* Therefore, It might be argued that only
materials handling creates value beoauae it takes material
from where they h no value to a point where they have
value. The economists call this "plsce-utility value 1*
•
Approaching the matter realistically, both the
machine work and materials handling are necessary to pro-
vide a product that people will pay for.
Ill* Current Trends in Materials Handling
One weak point of the present status of materlala
handling is related to the question of evaluation of a
given system* The problem Involves so many variables that
a complete analysis of it would perhaps cost more than the
advantages of a complete answer would save* Cost analy-
(16. 19)sis * is usually done for very particular cases and
17- Stocker, H* l« # Materials Handling ; New York, ^'enticeHall, Inc., 1961, p* 4*
18- HcClelland, V« ft*. Joint Navy-Air i orce Packs ^Inr. andMaterials Handling Seminar ; Battle Creek, KlohJ , is-trial Truck division, Clark Equipment Co., 1950, p. 13.
. ,-sl 'lA«*P
t-ifui •-
!«V fi Irf yfl i«um :;3 1
*?erfw an-
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.
8
the zaoat we get is en approximation of the complete solution*
aides the great number of variables, the fact that
handling operations are well mixed with other productive
operations, makes the problem yet more complex*
The new "Operations Research" techniques might be the
answer for this particular problem, as well as for many
other equally important Industrial questions*
Mechanisation , ""echanize whatever you can", is a
common saying in most articles*
The high rates of pay for man-work and the constant
improvement of production machines, always demanding a
roater input of materials, are perhaps the two most im-
portant reasons for the present trend of mechanization in
the material handling field*
The use of mechanised equipment, with load capacities
far above the classical "wheelbarrow", obviously increased
the economical "load size"*
Volumes piled up in lar#e lets require more time to
load or unload from a given place, unless they are packed
together forating one unit* This is the origin of the so-
called "unit load principle" widely recognized through the
field.
The assembling of unit loads in pallets, in strapped
bundles, or any type of container, is of primary concern
to people engaged in handling operations*
l-j- Lay, J* E* , Ma ter 1 a 1 Ha no 1 lnjt Bmglneer in,
,
; 'chool ofIndustrial I :; u lneerinj, ",eor t
Tia Institute of Technology,
K>» chapter II.
I 4 JftQfli 0£&
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.
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Intraplant distances are not large in comparison with
road distances, and the overall efficiency of each opera-
tion depends less upon the travel speed than upon the apeed
with which the material can be picked up, stacked, and aet
down.
The "unit load principle" of material handling ia dis-
tinguished by the fact that it contains within itself the
means of picking up, stacking and setting down, as well as
carrying or handling the material.
The enormous use of the well-known fork lift truck '
la a function of these basic considerations. Also conveyor-
ization folliws the mum pattern. Here the elimination of
many loading or unloading operations may be the aim.
One interesting fact observed by comparing materials
handling literature written more than twenty years ago,
( 21 Sir i*"1}
)
1 • # ' with modern books and articles, was this present
trend toward mechanization, not only of the transportations,
but also of the handling between transportations. Old books
describe types of trucks, cranes, or conveyors that are still
20- "They Pick f em Up and Lay 'em i>ownM , Time , May 14 1951,p. 106-2.
21- Koehkin, 5. J., . odern Materials handling ; I'ew York, JohnWiley Sons, Inc., 1*32.
22- Wright, H. V., Little, J. G., Augur, R. C, .vaterialHandling Cyclopedia , *;ew York, olaimons-Boardtaan Publish-ing Co., 1*21.
23- Zimmer, G. r., The VQchanical iiandlin. Storing ofMaterial , London, 7ho Technical Press Ltd., 1932.
ft*
MM|
10
in use; technical Improvements have changed their details,
but the general form is the same. However these old books
have very little to say about high lift trucks, position-
(24
)
ing devices, scales strategically located and an
infinity of special mechanisms widely used today.
Coordination * The second large trend for modern
industries, is characterised by a tendency to coordinate
handling operations between plants. Mutual savings and
benefits are evident. Steel strapping and standarc pallet!
are typical examples of these coordination plans. ^ '
No Lay-off . A primary consideration observed in most
of the oases where savings in man hours are introduced by
new methods, is the utilization of excess workers in some
other part of the plant. This procedure was mentioned in
about 100$ of the articles.
24- "What Equipment for Positioning," Flow , vol. 7, no. 6,Harch 1952, p. 59-63.
25- Material Bandline Institute, Inc., ; odern j. othoas pfMaterials iiandlinKj New York, Prentice-Hall. Inc., 1951,p. 51, 52, 55.
rWJIflYOT^ni i • 1 1
1
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11
classificatI' ?mm
I. 3aslo Considerations
(Of!)As Koshkin 0/ pointed out, "it is not very easy to
properly classify materials-handling equipment, as at
least three points of view may be considered as predominant,
namely: the machine itself, the material handled, or the
service."
The following classification is based on machines .
It was felt that this criterion of separation would simpli-
fy the whole classification, since materials and services
tsken alone, are not necessarily good indications of the
complete problem.
If it Is known, for Instance, that so many boards of
lumber have to be moved daily, very little is known of the
problem. Instances, geographical conditions, and pin^poses
of the transportation are so Important that the final
solution might be entirely affected by them. The same
conveyor used in a warehouse to handle miscellaneous articles
lit be usee in a hospital to handle paralysis patients from
bed to pool for swim treatment. **''
This classification was specially designed for use as a
basis of the quantitative survey; presented in the next sec-
tion.
26- Koshkin, S. J., '• .cx.ern Jaterlals r'andlln.-. i Now York,John Wiley 3ons, Inc., 1932, p. 6.
"
27- American Monorail Catalogue I>; Cleveland, Ohio, 1960,
11
o*
.
. .
o G
12
The definitions that follow the classification were
Included to standardize the nomenclature uaed specifically
In this work. hoy are not necessarily Intended as general
recommendations.
II. General Claasification of Equipment
Four main groups were ohosen
i
1. Industrial Trucks
2. Conveyors
3. Cranes
4. Miscellaneous
1. Industrial Trucks
Hand Trucks
a* Ho lift hand trucks
b. Lift hand trucks
owered Trucks
c. No lift power trucks
d. Low lift power trucks
e. High lift power trucks
f. Tractor-trailer trucks
g. Special power trucks
2. Conveyors
a. Holler conveyors
b. Wheel conveyors
c. Chutes
d. Belt conveyors
o. Apron conveyors
f. Pusher bar conveyors
: M
13
g. Bucket conveyors
h. Independent track carriers
I. Chain conveyors
J. Platform elevators"k. Portable conveyors|« Special conveyors
3. Cranes
a* Bridge cranes
b. Boom cranes
c. Jib cranes
d. rlaed position hoists
c. Portable cranes
4. Miscellaneous
III, Definitions
This section was Included to specify exactly the mean-
ing of terms used. The lack of uniformity of the nomencla-
ture in this field is a matter of deplorable fact.
An attempt was made to follcw the concepts of authors
like Koshkin, Stocker, iootlick, and others, and pictures
and definitions from manufacturer's catalogues.
Material handling equipment is that equipment designed
to provide a means to change the location of a given load,
to prepare the load for this change, or to secure the load
after or before the required change.
These functions may be classified as:
Transportation
Picking up or sot* down
~tor^
Fftekingi .strapping, end other
. .i C '
"
Snoyavrtoo 3 1 d j6 ItoT .}(
•1 . I
e
• a
,
I saw ttol j3|| :>_", ,
- r*. J| I rfa *'•
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10
14
The following definitions are based on these basic
considerations.
1* Industrial Trucks **** ' Basically speaking they are
platforms on trackless wheels* Their main function is
transportation, which is done In a plane parallel to the
floor, -'ome types of trucks have provisions for picking
up or setting down loads.
Hand Trucks (Fig. 1 end 2) are industrial trucks moved
by human force only. If there are not devices for pickl
up the load or setting it down, the truck may bo designated
as "no lift". If the platform is commonly introduced under
the 1 ad and an elevating mechanism provides a small clear-
ance to raise the lead supporters fro*u the flvor, then the
trucfc may be designated as "lift".
owered Trucks I . 3 to 7) are self-propelled indus-
trial trucks. The "no lift" and "low lift" types are simi-
lar to the "no lift" and "lift" types, already described as
and Trucks". The source of energy Is evidently the basis
for differentiation. M Ll$h lift" trucks are trucks equipped
to pick up the liad and set it down from or to places not
necessarily at floor level.
"Tractor trailer" systems are a chain of trailers
(similar to "no lift hand trucks") pullec ty a truck which
has as its only purpose to haul the train formed In this
manner.
- The Mectric Industrial Truck Association, handbook ofMaterial handling with Industrial Trucks ; Philadelphia,'he Electric Industrial Truck' Association, IjuO.
U
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15
The group "special power trucks" la devoted to
trucks with devices other than those already mentionr
2 » Conveyors ' * *** are path providers. Their main
function is to transport the load In a fixed and definite
way. However, intentional storage daring transportation
la often made.
The class of conveyors may be said to comprise all
track systems and their respective carriers. Conveyors
all w for a reasonable separation of the load; therefore,
many operations, besides single transportation, sight ba
performed to the individual parts of the load.
Holler and Wheel Conveyors (Fir. S tad 3) are charac-
terised by having rollers or wheels mounted on ahafts per-
pendicular to the direction of the action of the l<ad. Gra-
vity is usually the force used to move the load.
Chutes (fig. 10) may be defined as bein^ a continuous
and smooth fixed platform. Gravity is the only force em-
ployed to move the lead.
Belt Conveyors (Fig. 11) are characterized by a con-
tinuous and flexible movable platform.
Apron Conveyors (Flo. 12) are characterized by a not-
: - Cooke, J. L., n ".ateriala Handlin,: oulp^ent ,"
Refrigeration, vol. 121, no. 1, July 1351, p. 11.lOl
30- Darllngi - . ; . , "?ravei: :ockrooms Assure flexibleAssembly," factory ^ana^e&ent "• Maintenance , vol. 106,no. 9, September 1950, p. 04-7.
31- lietzel, F. V., Albright, . ,, eit :onveyors and -^elt
'levators ; New York, John Illay * Sons, Inc., 1941.
'.'.'.
.
16
continuous, but flexible platform. They could be con-
sidered as a special case of a belt conveyor.
lusher Par (Fig. 15) • The basic type is characterised
by moving bars that transmit motion to the load.
Bucket (Fig. 14). A continuous chain of hin^ea buckets.
Indepondent Track Carriers (Fig. 15). This typa is
characterized by one or more carriers running on tracks
which may be installed in either the fluor or overhead.
Human effort or independent power units are used for pro-
pulsion.
Chain (rig. 16). This type is basically the same as
above, but all the carriers are mechanically connected. A
continuous and movable chain provides the force, or the
force and the path, for the motion. The former case is
repi'tsented by chain conveyors in which the load hangs
directly from the links; the latter refers to a chain used
in conjunction with separate carriers running on tracks or
directly on the floor.
Platform Elevators (Figa 17) are conveyors specially
designed to lift or to lower the load; therefore, vortical
paths are widely used.
Portable (Fig. 18) • Any type of conveyor mounted on
wheels to facilitate its transportation to several points
of the plant.
Special . Any type of conveyor not covered in the above
list of conveyors.
(32)£• Cranes * are units designed to pick up a given load
32- Wolverhampton, R. ., "Kook Handlers Simplify Heavy Lifts,"American hachlnlst , vol. 33, no. 34, Dee. 1, 1049, p. 86-7.
t. -
I ft
bm
+90I9JLMQ
17
and to change its location while holding it in the air*
Transportation is not the primary purpose, since they are
most used to load or unload other classes of equipment.
Different types of mechanisms and supporting structures
characterize the various types of cranes. These ares
Bridge or Qantry (Fig. 20). Here the lifting mechan-
ism Is supported by a bridge which is supported by a para-
llel pair of tracks. The bridge moves along the tracks
and the hoisting unit moves along the bridge.
Boom (Fig. 81). The lifting unit is supported at the
end of a boom, which is basically a bar with one fixed point,
like the barrel of a naval gun. Mechanisms for rotation
around a vertical axis, a horizontal axis, or both, should
be provided.
Derrick or Pillar cranes may be included In this group,
since they have the same basic characteristics* A pillar
or mast is used to support the boom, but the boom is still
there to perform the sarse motions.
Jib (Fig. 22). An inverted rigid "L" is the basic
frame of a Jib crane. The hoisting unit is located at the
end of the overhanging arm, and it may or may not slide along
the arm. The whole frame rotates around a vertical axis.
(Fixed frames with sliding hoists were classified as con-
veyors).
Fixed Position hoists (Fig. 23) are powered or manual
hoists, hung or attached to some overhead point. They pro-
vide vertioal motion only.
Portable (Fig. 24). Any of the above groups are con-
act •It'
•*xa X*ci$ I'or.lt ,e
to be wCCw
at
Hit
.#
flw tecf c *!•
j lavan c lo X«Ti«tf triS
©mis* le
a.l. fflooJ e>
I sad a
* sit
<vo •mot
18
sidered portable when the whole structure can be transported
to different points In a plant. v;heels, crawlers or pon-
toons may be employed for that purpose.
Miscellaneous * Any other material handling equipment
that was not covered in the previously described classes*
As pointed out before, this classification was designed
for the specific purpose of selection of material handling
equipment, and from most of the cases that were studied,
the above divisions were considered sufficient*
Oi
9B<
• a
30 rf
19
U I !fo Ited Trufclc
1ft i&Qd ^PVi^C
* "*
Fig* 3 Ma I4X% Fq^t 'iVuok
>tft &©WMP
'L&U\ |
i
• % Lift *<mm> iVuek
Wc. -notor- 'l»r
.:i 40
? &*oi«l .
;0U»r *£mmB|
: *
WC
•I | M i V.
Hm* $!
^*h»x
. X ut»
:*
• H 3»lt U)i:v*yor
*wm Gonmyo*
Pig* 13 -uaber Bay
V-, '
« >
Pig. Vj In&©p*nO#nt 'J!mok Cta^iaps
Fig* 16 Qmia Oomrroyor
Fig, 1? flatten* Stanrtap
.'.-.:.
.:;•
Sectional Flight Cast Iron Screw Conveyor With Round Shall
~ Hangers
?^4k) Bearing;
sJEBLs^w$m« m 2**
• •-'
29
uo
i
uo
04
I
&
J
IN 6 CAPACITIES250 POUNDS500 POUNDS750 POUNDS1000 POUNDS2000 POUNDS4000 POUNDS
Kg* ojV' " -1 "
.
31
CLASSIFICATION OP MATERIALS
Materials were separated into three groupat
Bulk
Single Load
I'nit Load
Bulk * If a quantity of small pieces assumes the shape of
the container into which it is placed, then the material is
considered as bulk. This definition is somewhat similar to
the definition of the liquid state in Physics,
Two conditions are imposed by this definition! that the
si2e of each piece be small in relation to the sise of the
container, and that the characteristics of each piece allow
for a rough handling.
Single Load * If a piece is to be handled one at a time, and
no taking apart is to be done at latter steps of the handling
operations, one has the case of single load handling*
Unit Load . ' * ' Any time a certain number of pieces are
temporarily assembled together in such way that loading and
unloading are performed once for the whole group, one has
the case of a unit load. However, this only happens if the
unit is supposed to be disassembled at further stages of the
process, even if this is done by the final user of the product*
33- "Unitizing for Material ^andlin^," Southern Power . Indus-try , vol* 69, no. 7, July 1961, p* 62-66.
34- Modern Material Handling ; New Jersey, Edison StorageBattery division, 1951.
I«
•1»v
1
a &••
aeofir
•2)>
32
CLA3SI*: )» of mm
Only two classes of movements could bo considered:
Horizontal
Vertical
Uore classes would be desirable from the standpoint
of detail, but the literature surveyed lacked such infor-
mation*
.iorizontal * All movements but the vertical raising or
lowering* This denomination includes inclined movements*
Vertical* kovln^ in an up or down direction*
•inMnvc
33
CLASSIFICATION Of VICES
Again two classes were cons leered
t
Transportation
Transfer
Transports t Ion * The load arrives at its destination point
without any intentional modification introduced during the
travel.
Transfer. Here transportation and productive operations
are performed simultaneously. ;'or example, packaging, in-
spection, or any other work units may be done.
I.'
34
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M
Botes for Tables I, II, and III
1. The letters: L, &, and 3 stand fort large, medium,
and small, and they are defined as follows:
Movement
Horizontal: large - more than 250'
medium - between 50* and 250'
small - less than 50*
Vertical: large - more than 3*
small • less than 3*
Load (any type)
large - more than 200 lb.
medium - between 50 lb. and 200 lb.
small - less than 50 lb*
2. Numbers inter-brsckot3 represent the percentages of
cases that a given type of load was used in relation
to the others.
Numbers without brackets represent the percentages of
cases that a given sub-class was used in relation to
the others.
Example: Table I, first line: From the total number
of cases where hand trucks (no lift) were used:
(a) 2&% involved horizontal distances larger than 250*
25% involved horizontal distances between 50' and 250*
50> involved horizontal distances less than 50*
-i'o vortical motions were performed.
(b) Ho bulk material was handled. 50> of the loads
•-
g |
8S
IMN L'j
n*
If
were of the "single load" type and 50# were of
the "unit load" type. Single loads were always
(100£) heavier than 200 lb. Unit loads were
always of the "medium" weight, i.e. between
50 lb. and 200 lb.
(c) BOjC of the cases involved " transport© tlon"
20> of the cases involved "transfer".
3. Data related to "special" groups as* special powered
trucks (group l.g), and special conveyors ( :roup 2.1),
was omitted. These groups were defined without any
direct relation to a definite type of equipment and
the data related to them has no meaning.
lo anew
.
40
APPENDIX B TABLE. IV
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
Original Form
^
1
P»gft Equip-ment
Movement Load SftFVloft
a 1 i
CD CD Horiz. Vert. Bulk Single Unit CO CO
cic u
Load Load CO I CO <D
£Z O En
5 1« 3 6,000 X6
IfL 20,000 X
10 L L Xm 12 3e X 18 L X X
Id 1ft S 3 L X20 3« 1,000 32 L X21 3ft L 230 X21 21 L 15 2,300 X24 2d 6 f 800 24 3 X24 21 1,650 24 S X24 2a 3,500 24 s X27 1ft 3 4 L X31 2ft 3 L X34 1ft X 3 L X34 2b 3 X35 If L 7,500 X35 3ft 3 15 6,000 X37 3ft 3 8 7,715 X37 3ft 8 L X38 3ft S 148 X39 1« ISO 4 L X41 1ft 12 4,000 X41 lift 1 12 2,000, x41 1ft 1 16 4,000! x41 1« M 12 4,000 x43 2J m 8 1,000 X44 1ft L 8 3,500 X45 1ft 1 8 10,000 X45 Id L 2 20,000 X47 le 1 6 L X48 lb 50 2 2,600 X
1
49 3a L 20 15,000 X49 le L L 15,000i x49 Id L 3 18,000 X50 1ft L 18 L X52 le M 20 8,000! x
. i. ,
1 - Material Handling Institute, Inc., Iiodern Methods ofMaterials Handling! N. Y., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1&51.
riio'v. Inn.
1
1
. *Sjjf:>Hi
;o t-p
X I I
X»•'
X ttX
iX XX XX MlX
Ml M XX 1 j
X iO J.
X 3 » rX
X I >-!. X
X*»**• x
XX mm
*
f A |T #|
X « X X* XX < M ^. i
£* XII X
XX ( B J frfc X
a*i 1
1
1 •i Xtfj X
5 X
H!
•X M
UEtdtdl r -» * ,-tf • . ... >•
|»f *r «\*fxk^
41
TABLE IV (Continuation)
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
Original Form
1
*H CD
Page Equip-ment
Movement Load IffHill& 1
CD O lioriz. Vert. Bulk n^le UnitHc
CD Load Load CO co a>
Eh
54 le 17.5 15,000 X56 Id L 1 4,000 X5c; 2h L n If X60 la M 8 L X61 2J • 50 500 X62 la 1,500 12 4,000 X67 2b 1,000 8 3 X67 2d 15 6 3 X69 2b, 2d 5,200 50 3 X71 2a, 2d 1,000 S 80 X74 la 8 500 X74 la 50 20 500 X76 la 3 3 2,000 X77 la 1,590 ie 4,000 X78 la 3 6 2,400 X78 Id S 3 2,400 X79 la 1 15 4,000 X80 2h 60 a» L X81 Eta L • U X65 21 I - 3 X84 If 600 mm 1,500 Xc5 la X 5 4,150 X67 2h 100 •» L X88 2h L - L X90 2h 4,100 - 600 X95 lg 1,000 mm 950 X95 is 1,000 5,000 X97 la 200 4 L X98 2h L 50 L X
100 2j • 5 L X102 2h L 15 6,000 X104 2b, 2d 70 • 3 X115 3a 3 8 10,000 X117 la 900 12 ,ood X118 5a 500 50 L 1 X121 5a 20 3,50Q X125 5e 12 6,ooq
1
X
1 - Ibid,
•
•
Mi
m1
X
0.1
H
x
TABLE IV (Continuation)
CLASSIFICATION OP DATA
Original Form
1
Paga Kqulp-
,
1
Movement Load—, 1
Servicei
!
. Pi1
1
'
! GO
CD O Horla* Vert. Bulk Single Unit «
Load cd
1c
1 rrt C_.
Load« uH
: Eh <Vh
132 la M 4 3,000 x1 134 la if 8 1,200 x1 1137 2h M 10 2,000 X1 137 la H 6 2,000 x1 139 2h U ]
L X140 3d 18 4,000 X140 3a 3 12 4,000 X143 2h M 12 X144 la S 12 3,200 X
1 149 2h 230 5 750 X1 150 2h 1,630 L X1 152 £h L 12 4,000 Xi ill la r. - 2,360 X1 181 Id M S 25,000 X1 163 If 900 • m x1 163 3a 900 L 2,000 X1 163 lc 900 m 6,000 X1 1164 la I 6 5,000 x X1 166 Id L 1 30,000 X1 169 If 200 - L X^ 171 3c 10 12 1,000 X
171 3a 25 12 1,000 X171 2h 30 12 1,000 X173 2k K 10 400 X173 la 10 400 X
1i
175 la 250 L 400 X1 176 la M 11 2,000 X1 178 ;« 3
la M12 L X
1 179 12 3,000j x1 186 2d v 2a 1,500 10 BS.
j
Jl
\ 198 2h 3,000 10 2,000 X X197 2h 2,030 22 200,000 x200 3a 1,000 15 4#O00
1 206 la M L 1,200 X1 209 21 L 50 L X1 211
! :
ir 5oo 4» 15,000
1 - Ibid, i
N
?•!'.
X
i ©X
T ::
I
CD
CD CD
IX
«I
i
*Z
TABLE IV (Continuation)
CLASSIFICATION C? DATA
Original Form
1Fege Equip- Movement Load Service
(D © i
M O i—iii Vert* Bulk SingleCO
Unit c
!
CO Fh
c ©C ! Load Load t CO <M
S Eh
1 213 le 260 10 li
1 213 Id S s L1 216 21 L m X1 222 21 3,000 -
1 220 le 1,100 16 2,0001 232 la 300 •»
1 234 le L 10 L1 236 3a 160 18 L1 237 If L m L1 16 at 700 L 200 X1 24 3b 150 4 to 60T X2 25 3b 1 40 10T X2 28 3c 50 3 1,500 x2 47 2d 200 S X2 106 21 105 6 15,0002 loe Rs - 63 X2 106 21 25 L X2 lie 2d 2,640 20 M X2 110 la 1 L 3,500 X2 135 2a - 650 X2 135 3c 28 12 100 X2 141 21 Uo L 100 X2 141 21 685 I 100! X2 141 21 1,025 L 100! X2 141 21 1,710 L 100 X2 141 21 500 L 100 X2 141 21 1,560 L 100 X2 141 21 1,B90 L 100 X2 164 2e 3G0 • L X2 154 2a 570 aji L X2 16< 21 1,726 *» L X2 154 21 1,460 ». L X2 154
, .,,'
J
21 750 L X
1 - Ibid.
2 • Materials Handling Case Book ; Hew York, McGraw-Hill BookCo., 1351.
.
X
X.
if.
,*
:ic<
44
TABLE IV (Continuation)
CLASSIFXCATIO» OF DATA
Original Form
Equip* Mv*'» ^-AJi^O LlMMl Servicei
(D Ou d !
Hotis. Vert. Bulk Single Unit a ssLoad Load
i
« «^E-< Eh
2 154 21 1,946 „, L *2 94 la 50 - 150 x X2 94 lb 60 S X) X X2 N lc 250 - 2,500 x X2 94 Id 750 s 2,500 X X1 94 le 500 L 2,500 X X2 94 ir 600 4» 12,000 X X2 94 So 250 I. 10,000 x X2 94 2c 12 15 50; x2 94 2b 50 S 12! x x2 94 2a 50 I 50 x x2 94 M 150 L 50 x x2 94 i.o 150 L 50 x x2 94 2f 50 ft 50 X X1 94 21 150 L 1,200 X x
X X2 M 8h 150 L 402 94
i• 25 40 X X
2 172 1,650 40 250 X2 182 3a 200 10 50,000 X2 162 k:. 5,fc00 10 X2 162 2d 1,940 20 L X2 182 21 1,752 8 L X2 182 n 1,000 40 75 X2 182 fcth 3,075 •M X5 04 21 475 r.
r X4 11 M 80 » L X4 11 21 L L at
4 11 2a 1 S L X
2 - Ibid,
3— ijarllng, • •, "Traveling stookrooa* Assure Flexible as-aeably," Factory ^ana^eaent : ^alntenaaoe, vol. 106, nc 9,September iu50, p, o4-7»
4 - Cooke, J. L,, "Material Eandling Kquipaent," Ice and rtafrl*
goration , vol, 121, no, 1, July 1951, p, 11-2, 54,
Slots t All distances are in feet and all load are in pounds.
i>
RJSJ9
X
H
J
«.
•
1
r
1
CD
sM 3
1#*«• 8".
3M 8
( r?
8
••tan oJ mm tool ;* fcM fttfi ol mm mmmmmUJ CU i*MI
41
APFENLIX B TABLE V
CLASSIFICATION OF LATA
Intermediate ^or»
| Load ."vice
a 1
Equipment Boris* Vert. Ik Single It ro CO U£ CD
Load Load CDr
.
C3 <MMft
Lift i 6.000 Xiianc - isk 50
30030 300
150I
XXX
X
lift 2 2, GOO XHand Truck 60 3 J X X
»o Lift 900 8.0001 XPower Truck 250 2,500 X X
Low Lift 750 3 2,300^ower Truck a 3 L
I 3 25,000 XL 1 30, XL 1 4,000 X3 3 2,400; xL 2 20,000! xL 2 18,000i x
;h Lift 3 3 L Xr»ower Truck i 4 X
ft 3 XISO 4 L X
12 4,000i x1 12 2,000| xN 16 4,000 x1 12 4,000ixMIt 6 5, 500: XH 3 10,000 x
6 h XL L 15,000 xL i X1 20 6,00u xI 17.5 15,000 xM 8 L X
1,300 12 4,000 X1 500 xs a 2,000 x
1,390 18 4,000 x
ii.
**
CO
H3-
1
M :..-
•
$mtm l
r „
TABLE Y (Continuation)
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
Intermediate Form
4i
Movezaent Load MM :ce
1^
Y '
Equipment HoriE. Vert. Bulk SingleLoad
Unit !
gLoad :
enTran
fer
High Lift S 6 2,400 xruck 1 15 4,000 x
(continuation) 200I1I
4486
L X3, OOOJ xl,200ix2, 000 x
12 3,200 XL 2,360 X
1 6 5,000 X X10 400 X
250 400 X1 11 2,000 XS 18 L X1 12 3, X: M X
260 10 L X1,100 16 2,0C X
L 10 L xL 3,500 x
300 L 2,500 XI 5 4,150 X
900 12 8,000; x
Trac tor-Tra 11er 600500
12,000 x1,600 x
X
L X900 L X200 L X600 1*806 XL 7,500 x
.Special J, 20,000 XPower Trucks 1,300
1,000950
5,000XX
holler Conveyor 5,500 24 s XL X
1,000 9 30 x1,500 10 — U X
I*
1
. •\'\
z
I M, •
I
8¥
on
x
I
X Bf
lowqB
A
ft
47
TAJBIfi V (Continuation)
fSU I - «TA
Interned late 1 ore
Equlpaent
oveniont Load .rvlce
l.oriz. Vart. Hulk le It00
1
CO £-i
C CD
Load Load CO CO Ch
Eh En
Roller Conveyor M 650 X(cc-i.tinoatlon) 50 h 50 x X
5,.: oo 10 1 X'..' L X
Wheel Conveyor 700 200 x50 12 X X
5,200 50 X70 ? XS M X
1,000 o X
Chute 12 15 50 X
Belt Conveyor 80 L X150 L 50 ;c X
1,940 fcO L X200 1 X
2,640 20 M X1,500 10 1 X1,600 50 S X
,00 *»..->
. X40 3 X
6,600 24 S X15 6 X
Apron Conveyor 5S0 h X570 L X150 50 X X
Puaher BarConveyor 50 L X X
Bucket Conveyor 65 X
ladep. Track 150 L 40 x XCarriers 75 M X
10 2» XI L XI 12 500
. i i
X
r*v
e
:~:x-
i 1 1
.
<i<rt*vnoO !•«!*
*
*
48
TABLE V (Continuation)
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
Intermediate Form
Equipment
Movement Load Service
Horii. Vert. Bulk Singleo
Unit £
1
CO
c uLoad Load cu 03 <D
Indep. Track 230 5 760 XCarriers 1,630 L X(continuation) L 12 4,000 x
30 12 1,000 X3,000 10 2,000 x
L K X60 L XL X X100 L XL L X
4,100 600 XL 30 L XI 15 6,000 x
2,030 22 200,000 x
Chain Conveyor L L XL 15 2,300 X
1,650 24 3 X1 3 XLL
3,000
30 L
M X
XX
180 L 100 X685 L 100 X
1,025 L 100 X1,710 L 100 X
500 L 100 X1,560 L 100 X1*690 L 100 X1,726 L X1,460 L X750 L X
1,346 L X150 L 1,200 X X
1,650 40 250 X1,752 S L X1,800 40 75 X
1 L L X475 L S X
Platform 25 40 x X1 levator 30 500
L . .
X
.ol*«*/- * axaiT
90 HO
•3
"
.
1 VO'
tflb'. . *i«V • I.- . Jawb
X €X ,i
XX .
XX
X *XX JX \»M*
X
XX
I
XX
X
XX
wma
V- '
>8 t I
' 1
•1*1
4P
TABLE V (Continuation)
CLASSIFICATION 0? DATA
Intermediate Form
Equipment
Movement Load Service
Boris* Vert* Lulk Single ^nit g
1
Load Load « CO CD
iEh Eh
Platform 3 L xElevator 8 1,000 X(continuation)
Portable 10 400 XConveyor
Special 195 6 L XConveyor 25 L L X
Bridge crane L 230 x3 15 6,000 XL 20 15,000 x3 8 10,000 x1 20 3,300 x3 12 4,000 X25 12 1,000 X150 ie L X200 10 30,000 X
Boom Crane 15040
|20,000
X
Jib Crane 10 12 1,000 X50 Z 1,500 X28 12 100 X
Fixed Poe. Ho let 11 4,000 X
Portable Crane 2501,000
900
L15L
4,00010,000
2,000
XX
X
X18 ft x X
1,000 32 L X1 7,715 X1 S L Xs 146 4,000 X
12 6,000 x1— .,
Notes All dlatancee are in feet and all loads are in pounds*
'
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61
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
:
Alfcrd, 1. P«, Bang*, J. R., H.ft^emann, . . , j^rpduc-
tion Handbook ; Hew York, The Ronald >res3 Co., 1947,
Section 14 of this handbook Is restricted to materials
handling. Its approach is the usual, i.e.: basic principles,
description of oquipnent, and technical tables, and formulas
for specific use.
Darker, C. H., Footlik, I. M., Yarham, C. F., Carle,
J. P., Industrial Materials Handling ; Cleveland, Qfele, The
Lincoln Extension Institute, Inc., 1^50.
The whole field of materials handling la analyzed from
the equlpaent point of view. h,ach type is described, and
its characteristics are studied. Tables and foraaulas for
specific cases are presented.
ijay, J. B., Material itandling Engineering; School of
Industrial Engineering, Georgia Institute of fnhneleajr,
l.»50.
This bock follows more or less the classic type of
approach, where basio rules are discussed, i sent is
described, cost analysis la studied, and tables of techni-
cal data are given.
The Electric Industrial Truck \ssocietion. Handbook of
Material handling with Industrial Trucks ; Philadelphia, The
Electric Industrial Truck Association, 1950.
This handbook represents a practical guide for the
•.-..
,• x l»u*ss */f:t «2 n'cacnqqa c
4,0 tit
.
up©
iisao.:
i. flu
v
• £
r-^U
,..'. ^ &'ia aJab lao
•riT
52
analysis of material handling operations, and the applica-
tion of ths unit load method with power operated industrial
trucks and accessories.
Hetsel, F. V., Albright, R. £•, Belt Conveyors and
Belt Elevators : New York, John Wiley k Sons, Inc., 1941.
This book is restricted to belt conveyors, and eleva-
tors, sa Its name indicates. The chapter 15, "when To Use
elt Conveyors," p. £06 compares the performance of belt
conveyors against other types of conveyors*
Koshkin, 3. J., Modern Materials dandling Hew York,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1932.
It is a book 20 years old, but still useful, not only
as a basis for comparisons, but alao aa a source of sound
principles and concepts.
Kallick, B» #., Gaudreau, A. T., Plant Layout ; New
York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1951.
This book has two chapters, (about 50 pages) devoted
to materials handling in general. As a book specially
designed to Plant Layout, the materials handling problem
is well-covered.
Potts, M. W» t Materials Handling Equipment ; Mew York,
Pitman Publishing Corporation, 1946.
This book is devoted to defining, describing, and
presenting the application of a number of standard types
of materials handling equipment.
Material Handling Institute, Inc., Modern Methods of
Materials Handling) New York, Prentice-Hall, Inc., lttt«
M
-aoi f< q« ad# 5n# ( 8nol4a-x<K(o aslXtaiart XaXiaJan "lo alatlana
Xai air jo i€»*o -. ittlw bociSma baoX iltw art* lo noli
•aainoeaaaoa brta «4oiPgt£
• '- ,. v;oXiW nriou t*™Y «»M t^mrt #JSfg
JX*v^oo il»cf «tf batfjjl»xtfea«i si *o
aau *T awd*" ,61 tatfqada ad . - siaoibal axiao a*i as ,s
caq anrf aa«iaq*oj> a .eio^'w »Xa&
• aiotavfloo lo aaq-v «aa cio^av;
r&Iii\ nrfot
Xiao *%a ,Iirte*. 0(s a ,2
/joa 1© 9«trog a aa ©aX; sqaac via** a aa
•a*qaaoaa boa aaXqiaaliq
*»d I*—T*I JnaXs ,. . <aicbi<afc ixXaM
,»r.v | actoL t
ba^ovab (aogeq iccfa)
id a *A I^iaiaas oJt fcx na^aw ©:
sȣa?o?q .jfiXXbnarf aXaliataa artt ,J'./oy* I 3cn? *b
navoc-i;^ ai
«H*oY wort tlMBOlMaLa^
•aWX ,fioi^sTo<;ToQ iftlafelXtfrf aaaatl^
bn* %£* lab oi b#JoTab al .^oewf aldT
J bia&aatt yJaan a lo noltfaaXfcrqa an;* galtnaaaiq
ad aXai*a*aa lo
•*•— .- t*M»J 'aliaiaM
.X<VX ,.DnI itc^. ^wr wtX isolXbnai BX*Iia3aM
H
This ia a caae book very wall Illustrated, and vary
useful for thoae seeking information about what has been
done in the field of raateriala handling* Most of the
eaaes analysed In this thesis were found in this book*
Stocker, li. E*, Materials Handling % Mew York, Prentice-
Hall, Inc., 1951*
This book la divided into two parts: one related to
materia la handling principles and the other related to equip-
saent and mothode. Both parts are well illustrated.
Urquhart, L* K*, Boyoe, C* W*, The Materials Handling
Case Book s Kew York, 5fo0rew-Hill Book Co., 1951.
This book la a collection of articles published by
Factory Management and Maintenance about Materials handling*
Kaon article corresponds to a "caae" and these esses are
classified by companies, type of equipment, and produete
handled*
American Monorail Catalogue L ; Cleveland, Ohio, li)50*
k general catalogue describing equipment*
Wright, R. f#i Little, J. 0., Augur, R. C, Material
dfindlln& Cyclopedia , ?iew York, SlBsaona-Boardman Publishing
Co*, 1921.
This book, although old, representa a very valuable
reference for thoae dealing with material handling nomen-
clature*
Ziasraer, G. !•-., The Mechanical Handling &• Storing of
Material , London, The Technical Press Ltd., 1932*
This is s treatise in two volumes, coverln/ oractieally
the whole field of aiaterlal handling.
H
PMQ OWJ G-1V
a*nqJU'p«>
I
«d iatTa*a» lo Mall alorfw ad*
Bamphleta:
Anglo-American Council on Productivity, Materials
dandling In Industry ! London, New York, 1950.
This is a report of an invest igation in the J. 3. A*
made by a »;roup of engineers appointed by the Council, to
study the circumstancea which have led to the wide applica-
tion of materials handling aids, and the use of power-driven
tools in American manufacturing industry, and the reasons
why employers and employees welcome their introduction.
Modern Materiel ;,andlin& ; Hew Jersey, "dison storage
Battery Division, 1951.
This is a bulletin intended to be an elementary and
non-technical description of the unit-load method of material
handling, the power requirements of Industrial trucks, and
the characteristics of Edison Hiokel-Iron-Alkaline Storaga
Batteries In industrial-truck operation.
McClelland, W. B., Joint Itevy-Alr Force Packaging and
Materials :iandlin^ Seminar ; Battle Creek, Michigan, Indus-
trial Truck Division, Clark Equipment Company, 1950.
These proceedings present an extensive cost analysis
for selection of materials handling equipment. An actual
case is discussed in detail.
Articles:
Cooke, J. L., n 'ateriala Handling Equipment," Ice jk
Refrigeration, vol. 121, no. 1, July 1951, p. 11-2, 54.
tline of factors that enter Into selection of equip-
ment for materials handling. Industrial trucks, conveyors
and pallets are discussed In detail.
\ 4*«***
• A .«
»m
«> bare
MM :-:
:: >;:)Kffl
•
00&O?;: . HIM sat*/
•
i#M
•ri
ho
Darling, P. E., "Traveling -tockrooma Assure I lexible
Assembly," factory Management & .lalntenanco , v. 1 O, no. 9,
Sept. 1950, p. t54-7.
The five traveling "stockroom" conveyors used by Kodak
for baby Brownie camera assembly, are described* The advan-
tages of this system are indicated, and the article is well
illustrated.
"What Equipment for Positioning,* Klow» vol. 7, no. 6,
March 1952, p. 50-63.
Is is a fully illustrated article describing types
and applications of various positioning equipment.
Harder, . **., "Cut Costs: Push Material Handling,*
Iron A^e , vol. 16<3, October 1 •;':, 1951, p* .1.
The author, vice-president in charge of sanufac turing
at Ford ."totor Co., stresses the need for adequate research
and training centers in Materials handling. 25tf out of
every dollar paid for production labor ia said to be spent
In materials handling.
Loughrey, !>• J., "Material /Sandlin^ for a Modern Open
Hearth Furnace Plant," 'blast Furnace & Stool , vol. 39,
October 1951, p. 1211.
A new steel plant in Pittsburgh, with capacity for
2 million tens of ingots par year, is described frosi a
sMterial handling point of view. It ia said that about
2j tons of laaterial is handled for every ton of steel pro-
duced. Turing the year of 1950, over 90$ of the disabling
accidents occurred as a result of ;aaterisls handling operations.
t\
- i. £ -uvr' ... • «-.%jk;.„-
•
>
• [
MM
6G
"Unitizing for Material fiendllng," Southern ? ower &
Industry , vol. 69, no. 7, July 1£51, p. 62-66.
This Is a sumroary of questions that were presented
at a round table discussion st a meeting of the Midwest
Materials Handling Society. The answers are ^lven.
"They Pick 'est Up and Lay »em I*>wn," Time . :/ay 14, 1951,
p. 106*2.
A short topic concerned with the progress of the
material handling Industry. The fact that the 0. 3. Navy
used fork-lift trucks to perform prodigious feats of load-
ing and unloading battle cargo during the $orld fcar II, is
mentioned.
Wharen, H. 3., "Modern Materials-Handling Methods,*
American Machinist . June 20, 1946, p. 109-140.
This article defines and describes hoists, cranes,
conveyors, and industrial trucks. Selection of equipment
and safety in handling are briefly mentioned. The article
presents a &raph comparing the demand for electric ana
power trucks, according to types, through 23 years.
Wolverhsmpton, R. B., "Hook Handlers Simplify :eavy
Lifts," American Machinist , vol. 93, no. 24, l*c. 1, 1949,
p. 86-7
Description of lifting and handling equipment, made
to work from shop hoists cranes; simple principles included
In their design are shown.
Notet The following books and articles were not referred to
In the text.
flHMfttt
* 3&1A0 »
iaftfttqi^/pet «fO^»V4MM
fl qC
57
American Society of Tool Engineer*, Tool,
Engineer
Handbook i New York, >&ursw-Hill Book Co., 1949.
Although presented in a very compact form, the
Materials handling section of this handbook is very well
prepared* A table designed to help in the selection of
Materials handling equipment Is available*
The Klow Directory ! Cleveland, Ohio, Flow Magasine,
1958-1953.
This book represents a very useful reference for
material handling selection on account of Its various
lists of equipment and manufacturers. One section is
devoted to charts, end technical tables pertinent to spe-
cific problems.
Diamond, E. !•, "Characteristics of Scrap in Relation
to Bulk Handling. * Iron & Steel , vol. 164, April I960,
p. 452-462.
The author states that s very great increase in the
rate of supply of scrap to large melting furnaces would
probably be obtainable only by a departure from the pan
method of loading* The influence of the shape of the scrap
when fed from chutes is analysed in an extensive experi-
ment.
Dlemer, C. P., "Champion fiivet Eliminates i?0^ of Man
Lifting Jobs," Iron Age * vol. 164, no. 22, i^ec. 1, li>49,
p. 98-100.
A material handling system using ram trucks, fork
trucks, hand lift trucks, scales and hoists, has been set
up. Results sre snalysed showing savings in time, space
and men-hours.
M
$9t t*1**.
• s a».^ mam *l*li*im
tn*8c load eirf?
:*q a*Xl*
vlntioei Jta« t erf»x*rfo o.i
"How 10 Companies Used hotter iiandlin& to 3ave man-
power, 3peed Production," rectory «ana peasant ». Mainten-
ance , vol. Iu9, no. 5, :-,'ay 1951, p. ~6-112.
j article shows various forms of modern handling
systems. A chart is ^lven to explain how ten different
companies solved their specific problems, and the advan-
tages introduced. Each case is illustrated and described
in detail.
"What Kind of Shipping Container?," i-'low , vol. 7,
no. 6, iiarch 1952, p. 110-129.
ilore than 50 different types of containers are mentioned.
Accompanying photographs show how these containers are being
used in modern industries.
unson, £., "Cut'. she Coat of Materials iiandlin^,"
Uana^emant Review, vol. 40, September 1051, p. 549.
A program was designed to provide the various operating
divisions of a company with a uniform approach to materials
handling coat improvement.
Kuaabaum, A. I., "Special Equipment iuindles ueavy Com-
pononts," American Machinist , vol. 99, no, 9, May 1, It* 50,
p. 78-77.
This article show,* how to handle heavy and awkwardly
shaped materials.
Pantas, L. J., "Speeding Production Through iocern
Materials Handling," -ana^eiaent Kevlew , vol. 40, . ebruary
1-51, p. 61
An over-all discussion of material handling problems.
6c
m •
••J
10 1:
-
V • 100;
•I
i o .
*
::...:
..
4
'•: :
'. '£« el:
The author su^asts s safety fee tor of 5 to 1 for stresses
In the floor slab, that are imposes by a truck in operation.
Potts, lb !•* *»atch Those iiendlln^ Costs!," aana&s-
mont Levies , vol. 40, November 1951, p. 681.
k short topic on material handling possibilities. The
author says that an efficient system must be capable of pro-
ducing a three-way saving* in time, money, and apace.
•
60
Mr XL...
3 •
6
7
otto, | .,
aaen ufcliahias Oox- .,
itotta, Hi w a , op* clt.. i 70
. ..., . -. . » o . &#* y* 10}
Pott»» 11* ott. t p. 11?
otts, U # -•. op* cit. t r. 1
miMi : » •» i • id*! • mi
'Sam F*wa£c 0* Uoutfj 0o» t
8 * otto
9 *
10 •
11 *
13 -
miOUv:
nii
otta
:... .» op. clt.,
16
17
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Clt., « t*!0
., o • olt*» pf 137
. clt., :• It
'»| Ofl Clt*, , • 12
M« »., o:>. Clt.,
material itenaiiag Institute. Inc.,
Bwftffilfli ffiiwfflmt *** **# WHMitiAtt! iMNii HAi
Sieohimical Handling Systma*, Inc., (Dulle-
st*. 8, >/., op. cit«, ;>• I
Ifetto, „ . 16
Mjatakte, Wi - -
iOi^iJ
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61
- ott» t U «M op. clt* f . 79
21 - oltu, :.. ., o . clt. f p. 90
, : . ., o. . clt.» '.:>. 88
23 - (axUhola-tiKKn» lbl*t Cor •, ( atalegu* Bo.:
- otte, . »., op. oit. t . 86
21790
Thesis 18058S6662 Souza
A classification of ma-terials handling informa-tion to facilitate . .
.
• 3 MAR7S 2 17 90
Thesis
S6662
180581Souza
.:. classification of material
handling information to facil-itate equipment selection.Univi of -Purdue . 19 52
.
ary .
U. S. Naval Postgraduate Scnoql
Monterey, California
ii'i'ss ;>
\nmmm!'on of ma,erials handling
3 2768 002 01711 3DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY
