Company Confidential 1

Thermo Scientific microPHAZIR AS Asbestos Analysis

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Thermo Scientific: Portable Optical Analysis

5000+ handheld instruments deployed worldwide • Pharmaceutical and Chemical • Safety and Security • Aviation and Checkpoint Security

Identification

What is it?

Authentication Is this substance

what it claims to be?

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Why Asbestos?

Used in over 3000 products • Joint compound • Texture coatings • Vinyl floor tiles, sheeting, adhesives • Ceiling tiles • Roofing tars, felts, siding, and shingles • Piping and piping insulation • Fireproofing (fire doors) • Fire blankets • Caulk • Gaskets • Brake pads and shoes • Clutch plates • Thermal pipe insulation • Head gaskets and gaskets for many engines • Heat resistance applications • Wear resistance applications

Use Volume (1994)

Cement products 70%

Vinyl asbestos flooring 10%

Friction products 7%

Gaskets and packings 3%

Paints, roof coating caulks 2%

Filter media 2%

Asbestos textiles 1%

Other <1%

Domestic consumption of asbestos was ~800,000 metric tons in 1973, dropped to about 2,400 metric tons by 2005

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Define Asbestos

• The term asbestos is a generic designation referring to six types of naturally occurring silicate mineral fibers

• Amosite, Crocidolite, Chrysotile, Actinolite, Tremolite, Anthophyllite.

• >95% of all asbestos production is Chrysotile [Mg3Si2O5(OH)4]

• Russia, Canada, China, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Zimbabwe

• Asbestos fiber advantages

• High tensile strength • Flexible • High length to diameter ratio • Thermal stability • Low conductivity

Asbestos

Fibrous Serpentine

Fibrous Amphibole

Chrysotile

Amosite Tremolite Actinolite

Crocidolite Anthophyllite

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Asbestos hazards

• Inhalation • Particles 5-30 microns can lodge in lungs • Asbestos readily breaks into smaller particles • Immune system response depends on fiber type and dimensions • Fibrosis • Lung tumors • Mesothelioma and other cancers

• Ingestion

• Suspected as a carcinogen

• Skin contact • Fibrotic cysts

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US Regulations - Federal

• National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) • Authorized by Clean Air Act in 1970 • 40 CFR Part 61 and 63 • Prohibits the construction or modification of “stationary” sources that may

potentially introduce hazardous material into the air

• Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) • Authorized by Toxic Substances Control Act in 1986 • Rules and regulations to govern use of Asbestos including bans and phase

out (modified in 1990s due to appeals of original bans) • 40 CFR Part 763 • Catalyzed by presence of asbestos in schools • Provides guidelines for inspection, analysis methods and asbestos

management/abatement (1% threshold) • Enabled the creation of the asbestos inspection and abatement industry

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US Regulations - Accreditation

• Inspector / Abatement licensing and procedures • State EPA and/or Department of Labor provides licensing services • Regulations vary state by state but generally follow federal guidelines

• National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)

• Part of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) • Provides third-party accreditation to testing and calibration laboratories • Programs are established in response to Congressional mandates,

administrative actions of the Federal Government and private sector requests

• Asbestos related fields of accreditation include PLM and TEM labs based on asbestos standards

• Asbestos related associations: • American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA www.aiha.org) • Environmental Information Association (EIA www.eia-usa.org)

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Current Testing Methods

• Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) – uses polarized light to determine presence of asbestos fibers

• Utilized for analysis of bulk material submitted from a site inspection • Quantification of asbestos is carried out by a statistical method (point

counting) for low concentration samples • OSHA and EPA approved method for determination of bulk asbestos

(NIOSH 9002, CARB 435, EPA/600/R-93/116) • Lab Cost: $5 - $20 per layer (depends on turnaround time) • Limits of Detection: 0.25% - 1% depending on PLM method

Source: Federal EPA and OSHA

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Current Testing Methods • Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

• Utilized for airborne asbestos analysis and smaller asbestos particles (<5um) • Requires a more sophisticated machine and operator • Quantitative method of detecting asbestos • OSHA and EPA approved method for determination of bulk asbestos

(EPA/600/R-93/116, EPA-LIBBY-03) • Required for “final clearance” before re-entry in schools under AHERA • Lab Cost: $50 - $150 (depends on turnaround time) • Limits of Detection: 0.0001% - 1% (depending on if fibers can be separated

from matrix)

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Asbestos: Chemical Structure

• Chrysotile: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 • OH band at ~1400 nm

• Position and splitting influenced by local ions and matrix

• Ions are specific to each type of asbestos

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Near Infrared Functional Group Correlations

microPHAZIR analysis

spectral region

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Spectra of Asbestos Standards

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microPHAZIR Near-Infrared Measurement time: Less than 10 seconds

Spectral Range: 1320-1440 nm

Sampling Mode: Non-contact diffuse reflectance

Weight: 2.75 lbs (1.25 kg)

Enclosure : High-strength dust proof plastic housing

Source: Tungsten light bulb, safe for operators and sample integrity

Data Storage: All data is stored on internal memory and can be downloaded

to PC

Computer Interface: USB cable

Operating Temp

Range: 5 to 40°C (non-condensing)

Power: Batteries: Two Quick Change Lithium Ion batteries (4.5 hour run-time)

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Spectrometer: MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical System)

Reflectance Light Source

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NIR Advantages

• Fast analysis (3 – 5 sec) • Real-time, onsite monitoring • No sample preparation, simple to operate • No waste, no pollution • Simultaneous determination of multiple components per measurement • Precise, accurate, reproducible results • Transferable Methods

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Screening Detection Limits

Asbestos Fiber Detection Limits *

Chrysotile >1%

Anthophyllite >1%

Tremolite >1%

Actinolite >1%

Amosite/ Crocidolite (same spectral features)

>1%

• Detection limits were determined by analyzing asbestos reference standards with known concentration ranges as determined by microscopy

• Sample matrix vary from region and can effect detection limits

* Detection limit is dependent on sample matrix material

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Conclusion

• Cost-effective asbestos screening

• Rapid and accurate results for fast screening in the field or sorting facility

• Portable, small and lightweight designed for non-expert users

• Non-contact sampling minimizes cross-contamination