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Instead any two molecules can react at any time. Each end of the molecule reacts in turn forming dimers, trimers etc.
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There are two main kinds of polymers.
Type 1: Addition Polymers
Each small molecule adds to the end ofa growing chain. Polyethylene is an example
Type 2: Condensation Polymers
Monomer units come together with the eliminationof some small molecule (often water).Polyesters and nylons are examples
Condensation Polymers
Also called “Step-Growth Polymers”
Their synthesis does not involve a chainreaction.
Instead any two molecules can react atany time.
Instead any two molecules can react atany time.
Each end of the molecule reacts in turn forming dimers, trimers etc.
Nylons - Polyamides
HNH
O
OH
6-aminohexanoic acid
HNH
O
O
Hzwitter ion
heat - H2O
NH
N
O
H O
NH O
NHO n
Nylon 6 A polyamide
HNH
HNH
O
OH O
OH
+
heat - H2O
ON
ONH
NH HO
ONH
NH
O
nNylon 66
+HNH
HNH
Cl
OCl
O
- HCl
O
NH
NH
O
O
NH
NH
On
Nylon 6-10
In the lab
ON
ONH
NH HO
ONH
NH
O
ON
ONH
NH HO
ONH
NH
O
ON
ONH
NH HO
ONH
NH
O
ON
ONH
NH HO
ONH
NH
O
ON
ONH
NH HO
ONH
NH
O
Supramolecular Structure is Important
Hydrogen bonds hold the nylon chains together
O
O
H
O
O
HN N
H
H
H
H
+
heat - H2O
NN
H
HN
O
O
NN
H
H
O
OH
O
NN
H
HN
O
O
NN
H
H
O
OH
O
Kevlar - Helmets - Bullet Proof Vests
O
ON
H
HH
O
ON
H
H
Hglycine zwitter ion
O
ONH
ON
H
H
H
glycylglycine
O
ONH
ONH
ON
H
H
H
glycylglycylglycine
O
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
Nylon 2 - the simplest protein
O
OH3N
glycine alanine
O
OH3N
CH3
O
OH3N
OH
serine
O
OH3N
SH
cysteine
There are 20 principle amino acids
O
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH
ONH R R R R R R
RR R R R R
Protein - 20 different R groups
Polyesters
O
O CH3
O
O
CH3
OOH
H+
dimethyl terephtalate ethyleneglycol
heat - CH3OH
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Dacron
heat - CH3OH
ethyleneglycoldimethyl terephtalate
+ OOH
HO
O CH3
O
O
CH3
OOH
H
OH
+
glycerol
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Cross linked
OHHO
+O
ClCl
- HCl
phosgene
OO
O
O OO
O
O
O
Lexan n
Starch
-glucose
Polyether
DNA
DNA
