Therapy

Insight Therapies

Insight therapiesProvide people with better awareness and

understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions

Psychoanalysis Psychodynamic Therapy Client-Centered Therapy

Psychoanalysis

Hidden feelings and motives are made conscious for better adaptation.

Common techniquesFree associationTransference Insight

Client-Centered Therapy

Carl Rogers(person-centered therapy)Calls for unconditional positive regard

Conditional positive regard Love and acceptance comes from conforming to what

others want Unconditional positive regard

True acceptance regardless of actions

Nondirective

Client-Centered Therapy (con’t)

Three core qualities of therapistsGenuinenessUnconditional positive regardEmpathy

Active listening

Behavior Therapies

Focus on behavior change, rather than insightBelief that all behavior is learned

Maladaptive behaviors themselves are the focus of the therapy

Classical Conditioning

Counterconditioning – replace maladaptive response with new response (relaxation)Exposure Therapy

Repeated exposure to stimuli that trigger unwanted reactions

Systematic desensitization Virtual reality

FloodingAversive conditioning

Other Behaviorist Techniques Operant conditioning techniques

Behavior contractingToken economies

Observational learningModeling positive context conditionModeling neutral context conditionExposure-positive context conditionPositive-context condition

Cognitive Approaches

Changing clients’ perceptions of themselves and the worldCommon approaches

Rational-emotive therapy (RET) Beck’s cognitive therapy

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Group Therapies

Self-help groups Family therapy Couple therapy

Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Success rateAbout two-thirds

Success higherwith longer duration of treatment

Randomly assigned to four groups:Cognitive therapy Interpersonal therapyDrug therapyControl

After 16 weeks, depression lifted for a little over 50% of people in each treatment group but for only 29% of controls

Which therapyis best?

No apparent difference in effectiveness of treatments or types/experience of clinicians….

Behavioral conditioning: specific behavior problems (e.g., bed wetting, phobias, compulsions)

Cognitive therapy: depression, reducing suicide risk

Possible explanations:All offer an explanation for problemsAll offer hopeAll provide a therapeutic alliance with a therapist

Biological Treatments Drug therapy

Major types Antipsychotic drugs

Tardive dyskinesia Antianxiety drugs Antidepressant drugs

Lithium carbonate

Biological Treatments

Electroconvulsivetherapy

New Alternatives to ECT Electrical device in chest stimulates vagus

nerve to send signals to limbic system Deep stimulation

Pacemaker stimulates brain to inhibit negative emotions and thinking

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)Coil sends magnetic field through skull to brain

Insert figure 13.7…

Biological Treatments

PsychosurgeryPrefrontal lobotomyCingulotomy

Deinstitutionalization Principles the prevention of inappropriate mental hospital

admissions through the provision of community alternatives for treatment

the release to the community of all institutionalized who have been given adequate preparation for such a change

the establishment and maintenance of community support systems for noninstitutionalized people receiving mental health services in the community

Prevention

Primary prevention Efforts to reduce new cases of mental disorders

Secondary prevention Identifying at-risk groups

Tertiary prevention Helping people adjust after hospital release