Theory TAUGHT BY JANAKI AUNTY Class - …sriyakuchipudi.com/Images/Theory notes - Sriya.pdf · to chant to make you happy and do good to you. ---teach moral values. INDIAN TIME: Kala

Theory Theory Theory Theory Class Class Class Class

TAUGHT BY JANAKI AUNTY

A PRESENTATION BY SRIYA BABUA PRESENTATION BY SRIYA BABU

Vedic Heritage

•Veda- Comes from “Vid” which means knowledge.

1. Rig Veda

2. Sama Veda

3. Yajur Veda

4. Atharvana Veda

•Another Name= Shruti [means tone]

Theory Class ~ Day 1

•Another Name= Shruti [means tone]

•Vedas are learned by hearing it. They are meant

to chant to make you happy and do good to you.

---teach moral values

INDIAN TIME: Kala Chakra

YUGA CYCLE

1. SatyaYuga [Golden Age]

2. TretaYuga [Silver Age]

3. DhwaparaYuga

4. Kali Yuga [where we live

now]

1. Never experienced Sorrow

2. Mixed emotions

4. Sorrow. Lust. Jealous. Anger. Sad.


VOCAB:“Manu” man of Yuga

Mythology Epics

1. Ramayana

2. Mahabharatha

“Ithihasa” ~ Indeed thus it was


VOCAB:“Manu” man of Yuga

Maya Kavya -> Great Poems

“Ithihasa” ~ Indeed thus it was

“Purana” ~ Pura – eva – navam : old stories are still always new.

Prayer

• Namaskaram

•Ask for forgiveness to mother earth

•Blessing from guru

•& Audience

Gods

Lord Brahma: Creator

Lord Shiva: Destroyer

Lord Vishnu:

Goddess

Saraswathi: Knowledge

Parvati: Strength

Lakshmi:

Kayika: Worship through physical state

Vachika: Worship through mouth

Manasa: Worship through mind


More Notes…•“Ah” : World that is awaking

•“U” : dream world

•“MM” : Sleep world

Lord Vishnu:

Protector

Lakshmi: Wealth•Dhrishta Phala: result in acknowledge there is

greater power

•A Dhrishta Phala: more good you do more

“punyam”

“Omkara”

•Name of Brahman

(supreme being)

•Comes from “av” to

protect

•A-U-MM

Auspicious

Dance

• Queen of fine arts

-it has vocal and instrumental music

-Triple Aspects (Sangeetha)

1. Geetha [vocal]

2. Vathya [Instrumental]

3. Nrtta [ dance]

-3D, which can also be heard

-A feased for the intellect

-Goal for performance : RASA

Mental exercise

Purpose of Natya

1. Dharma: Richeousness

2. Ardha: Wealth

3. Kaama: Desire

4. Moksha: Salvation


VOCAB:Abhinaya: Expression

Purshamas: Goals

4. Moksha: Salvation

Origins of Dance (Brief)

Natya Shastra : Signs of Dance

• earliest work on Indian Classical Theater

•36 Chapters

•Written by Sage Bharatha

•500 BC (Speculated)

•Music- from vedic period

•Figure of speech [ ancient]

Natya- Drama

•Root verb- “Nat”: to immitate

1. Natya

Theory Class ~ Day 1 & 2

VOCAB:Sage Panini:

wrote sanskrit grammar

1. Natya

2. Kavya/ Nataka

3. Rasa – enjoyment

4. Geetha/ Vathya

•Devas asked Bramha to show how to learn how to

live the right way

7 Dweepa

*Jumboo Dweepa

India was called, Bharatha Varsha

*The 5th veda= Natya Shastra

To create the veda; Text was taken from rig veda, music from sama veda,

expression from yajur veda, rasa from athurvana veda

* Brahma was asked to teach the natya veda to Sage Bharatha. (sages more

knowledgable)STYLE: Vritti; style of production

1. Bharathi Vritti [ Verbal Style]Original vrittis

…. Drama


VOCAB: Text= paathya

Expression= abhinaya

Divine musicians= ghandarvas

Stage= ranga

To enter= pravesham

Bad serpent= Kalinga

1. Bharathi Vritti [ Verbal Style]

2. Sathvathi Vritti [ emotional]

3. Aarabathi Vritti [ energetic]

4. Kaisiki Vritti [ graceful]

………to enhance it,

created 24 apsaras

Original vrittis…. Drama

…from Lord Shiva’s Dance

Ghandarvas

Sage Narada Vocal

Sage Swathi Instrumental

•Banner Festival [during Indra Dwaja]; in

honor of Indra and Devas victory over the

asuras. [ 1st theatrical performance put

into action (mimicking their victory)]

King of Asura: Virupaksha

Ganesha is called Vigneshwara

because he destroys evil.


VOCAB:Jarjara: Flagstaff made of

backbone: Indra’s weapon

1st attempt-- *Demons destroyed

presentation and paralyzed actor. Indra

destroyed them by powdering them

[jar jara (vocab.)]

1st chapter- origins

2nd chapter- how to make

a playhouse

•Divine architect: Vishwa

Karma

• Brahma asked him to

create a playhouse for

characters.

•* each part of the

playhouse is protected by ( vasuki)—churning of the ocean


PROTECTIVITY LEVEL

playhouse is protected by

a god. Brahma protects

the stage [reason for “NO

SHOES ON STAGE”Brahma

Shiva

Vishnu

Karthikeya

Praga

( vasuki)—churning of the ocean

(seshashayana) --venkateshwara

Lord Brahma used 4 methods to destroy Vignas

1.Sama [slow method]

2.Dhana[ giving gifts/bribes]

3.Bheda [ create dissention/

divide and rule

4.Dhanda [ force]


4.Dhanda [ force]

Quick NotesQuick Notes

“ Natya is equal for every type of person”

Bharatha presented 1st show to Shiva (Mt. Kailasha)

•Amrutha manthana (churning of the ocean)

2nd show is:


2nd show is:

Tripuradaaha (burning of demon “Tripwa” by Shiva

Opened 3rd eye

Words in Natya Shatra (N.S)

•Nritta & Natya [Pure Dance &

Drama]

Dasaroopakas= 10 major plays

Uparoopakas= minor plays

Nritta was brought into N.S by Shiva and his elements.


108 Karanas in N.S : movements

Combinations of

hand and feet

movements

Karana (3 elements)

1. Chari 2. Nritta Hastas 3. Stham

Dyanamic Static

Abhinaya Hastas: more common, what e

use

*There are 32 Anghara (from Karanas)

4 Recaka


Nrtta

Thandava Lasya

Forceful

(khadata

Prayoga)

Graceful

(Sukamain

Prayoga

Lasya was taught by Goddess Parvati.

[Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Odissi,

manipuri, etc]

--usha--awaraka--etc.

Thandava was taught by Lord Shiva.

(Kathakali)


(Kathakali)

Origin of Natya: Disciples of Bharatha (son) taught

Natya to Devas and more, These disciples taught

arrogantly. Sages cursed them to be born in Earth.

This is how Natya Spread to Earth.

Nritya, Nrtta, Natya

Nritya (always has a story)

Nritta Abhinaya

Nritya can be performed solo or with others. 2 ways:


(1) Ekartha: 1 Theme (2)Prathrayatha: Different Themes

VOCAB:Nritya= post Bharathe Period

[Nrit- to dance]

Natya (Pure Drama)

~ Nat- to enact, represent visibly~

All about,

ABHINAYA


VOCAB:Qualities of Natya:

•Dance

•Sing

•Act

Coming up next…..

1. Angika

Meaning: Body

Example: Physical Expression

Anga [ main limbs]



•Dance

•Sing

•Act

Anga [ main limbs]

Oopanga [minor limbs—of face]

Supanga

2. Vachika

Meaning: Speech

Example: oral- music/poetry



•Dance

•Sing

•Act

3. Aharya

Meaning: Costumes/props

Example: Dance dress, stage

effects and objects



•Dance

•Sing

•Act

4.Satvika

Meaning: Emotion

Example: mind1. motionless

2. perspiration



•Dance

•Sing

•Act

2. perspiration

3. Horipulation

4. tremble

5. fainting

6. tears

7. excited 8. change in voice

2 TYPES OF ABHINAYA

Natyadharmi Lokadharmi

(Stylistic) (Realistic)

[showing tears] [literally emotions(crying)]


VOCAB:Soushtavam- symmetry

(posture for dance)

1. Bharathi > verbal; string dialogues

2. Arabathi > Grandeur; props, costumes, sets

3. Kalsiki > Graceful; Light Classical


3. Kalsiki > Graceful; Light Classical

4. Satviti > Mind; total emotions

1. Teruroothu= TN

2. Bhagavatha Mela Natakam= TN & AP

3. Yakshagana= Karnataka


3. Yakshagana= Karnataka

4. Koodi Aatam, Chakiarkoothu- Kerala

TN:: Tamil Nadu

AP:: Andhra Pradesh

All about,

Ancient

Styles of

Dance


Dance Coming up next…..

1.Kathakali� Kerala

�Came from folk; ramanatam, krishanata, and kudiatam

�Always a dance drama

�Name? – “katha”: story “kali”: entertainment

�Under category of natya [dance drama]

�Only men, but today women join too

�Music chendai & Chunda manthalam

In kathakali [ sthanas ]

Vaishnava (feet are 2ft apart)

4ft apart Vaishaka

….stirasheena


�Music chendai & Chunda manthalam

�Natya dharmi used in this dance….stirasheena

KATHAKALI QUICK FACTS

Make-up alone takes 3 hours!!

•Singers used to sing behind dancer,


•Singers used to sing behind dancer,

now this sing on the side of stage. [applies to all styles of classical dance]

2.Kathak� Northern India

�Styles of Katak; gharanas [lucknow gharana]

�Origin: art of storytelling

�Originally hindu origin, influenced by muslim culture

�Music: hindustani with tabla, harmonium, sitar

�Bhol/chakar – important aspect

�Not many hand gestures


�Not many hand gestures

�Lots of pieces on Krishna

KATHAk QUICK FACTS

Sthana in kathak is –standing (no bending)[samsthana] WHY? Because dancers need to gain speed


3.Manipuri� N.E of India [Manipur]

�Community dance, whole village- early days

�Related to vaishnavism [krishna oriented]

�Raas leela, popular theme

�Hasta karanas

�Music/bhol… chinese/eastern influence

[drums ; dholki & manjira (like mrindangam)]


[drums ; dholki & manjira (like mrindangam)]

�Costumes- woman; blouse, shawl and basket skirt

- men; bare chest dhoti

MANIPURI QUICK FACTS

NO Specific hasta!!!!!

There are both thandava and lasya


There are both thandava and lasya

movements…men do acrobatic

movements in air.

4.Bharatanayam� called before the 1930s

�Originally solo dance

�Danced in temple; performed by Devadaasis [wife of temple, always auspicious, not

widowed]

�British passed Anti-Noch (naach) Law in 1930s thinking Devadasis should be banned.

�People renames Dasiatama to Bharathanatyam and let everyone learn it.

Women danced, men teachers

1.Sadhir

2. Dasitam

3. Koothu


�Women danced, men teachers

�Music- vocal, carnatic [mridangam, natavangam, veena, violin, flute—same as

kuchipudi]

�Sollu kotu [ half sitting bending position] also know as aramandi

�Varanam- MAIN PIECE ……Aduvus- STEPS

Bharathanatyam QUICK FACTS

Danced by public after 1930s

Brahmin Girls could not dance till 1960s


Orchestra used to play behind dancer

5.Odissi� from the state of Orissa

�Odissi was brought to stage in 1950s

�Great Proponents

Keluchara Manopatra [most popular]

Pandit Charandas

Deba Prasad Das


�Language: Oriya, Hindustani music

�Dance was banned by British, came back in after 1947 (after

independence of India)

�Famous for Tribangi [ 3 way posture]

ODISSI QUICK FACTS

3 styles (traditions)

1.Mahari--- dancers married to temple.

2. Gotipua--- vaishnavaite (only men dancers)

3. Nartaki--- brought out detail on Radha/Krishna


3. Nartaki--- brought out detail on Radha/KrishnaPosture bending is a ……

SQUARE POSTISION

called chauka

6. KUCHIPUDI ☺� Kuchipudi Village southern state of India, Andhra Pradesh

�Gained Popularity aroung the 14th century AD through

dance drama of great legend SiddendhraYogi�He composed versus and choreographed…..1st dance drama ever

[parijatha paharanam]

HISTORICAL EVIDENCE

•Machupallu Kaifiat of 1502 AD when a group of performers obtained


•Machupallu Kaifiat of 1502 AD when a group of performers obtained

audience with ruler of Vijaynagar

•Copper plate which records the granting of Kuchipudi Village by Abdul

Hassa Taneshah of Machilipatnam (1672 AD), in appreciation of their

art.

KUCHIPUDI…con’t� HOW DID IT BEGIN?

�Began with Brahmin boys as enlisted by Siddendra Yogi

�Female s could dance in the 1950s

�Evolved into solo dance form which combined fast rythms and

fluid movements in 1950s. Before it was a drama.

�Orchestra [ vocal, Nattuvangam, mridangam, flute, violin, veena]

�Hastas- come from Natya Shastra


�Hastas- come from Natya Shastra

�Posture- shoushtavam & mandala sthanam

�Language- sankskrit and telugu lyrics

�Kuchipudi Dance told stories through song, music and drama

There are more classical Dance

forms……

We will learn


We will learn about them soon.

BHAVA & RASAEmotion

(comes from mind)

Esthetic enjoyment

ULTIMATE GOAL of

any literature

�41 Psychological emotions

1st 8 are sthaiyee bhava; other 33 (vyabhicharya bhava) as in

come and go emotions

�Sthayee bhava: cause and effect.

Cause: Vibhava


Cause: Vibhava

Effect: Anubhava

�Karuna Rasa: are causes of the Sthaiyee Bhava

�Anubhava: From shedding tears to fainting

8 Sathvika Bhavas:

Anything nice

Comical

Death, loss, fail

Abusive l

Heroism

action

Rati (love Shringara

Haasya (laughter) qHasa

Shoka (sadness)…pity Karuna [pity]

Krodha (anger) Roudra [furious]

Utsaha (enthusiasm)…clapping Veera [motive]


Scary sights

Unpleasant

Magic, amazing

Bhaya (fear)…close ears Bhayanka [stared]

Jugupsa (Disgust)…turn head Bhibatsa [keep away]

Vismaya (Surprise)…open mouth Adhbyta [astonishment]

1st 8 sthaiyee

bhavas

rasa

THE ENDTHE ENDTHE ENDTHE END

Enjoy learning Enjoy learning Enjoy learning Enjoy learning Enjoy learning Enjoy learning Enjoy learning Enjoy learning dance at dance at dance at dance at KuchipudiKuchipudiKuchipudiKuchipudiDance AcademyDance AcademyDance AcademyDance Academy

Documents

Theory TAUGHT BY JANAKI AUNTY Class - …sriyakuchipudi.com/Images/Theory notes - Sriya.pdf · to chant to make you happy and do good to you. ---teach moral values. INDIAN TIME: Kala