Theorists Krause Syl l

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Professor Keith Krause Wednesday, 12:15-14:00

office: Barton, 2nd floor office hours: Wednesday, 15:00 - 17:00

telephone: 908 57 00 (or by appointment)

Theories and Theorists of International Relations

2001-2002

NOTE: This course is open onlyto first year DES students in political science, or those students with

special permission of the instructor. It is not open to license students.

Course Description

This course surveys the contributions to our thinking about world politics of several

influential Western theorists. The central focus is the content and historical context of their

ideas, but we will also consider recent interpretations of their writings as well as some of the

social and biographical factors that influenced their thought. The goal throughout is to

examine the contemporary relevance of different strands of thinking about world politics, the

creation of various contemporary traditions of thought about International Relations, and

the nature of theory in world politics. Given the central importance of the realist

tradition, the course also examines various ideas about realism, their historical context and

their relationship to current strands of realist thought.

Assignments/Grades

paper (about 20 pages), due 4 February 40 %

seminar presentation and participation 25 %

final test (take home) 35 %

Students will be free to choose the topic for their paper, although it must be determined in

consultation with me. It must also fall under one of the subject headings (or authors, or

schools) treated in this seminar.

Some sessions of the seminar may have to be rescheduled. In all cases, advance warning will

be given, and I will try to minimize the impact this will have on students.

Readings and Texts

All of the required readings will be available in the polycopie, except the readings for the firstthree weeks (Theory and Purpose and the two weeks on Thucydides). These three weeks

will be made available in a special reading kit that can be purchased (at cost) from the

course assistant, Carla Norrlf. The polycopie must be ordered by Friday, October 26.Most

of the recommended readings are available in a supplementary polycopie (two copies) in the

library. Recommended readings that are readily available in major journals in our library have

not been included.


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Students are expected to do allof the required readings, which vary in volume from week to

week. A glance at one or two of the recommended readings is also helpful, although they are

mostly included to aid students with their paper topics.

Other Readings

Some students in this course may have little or no background in International Relations

theory, or in traditions of political thought. I would recommend the following texts as

background if you find yourself lost (not all are equally good!):

David Boucher,Political Theories of International Relations(Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 1998).

Torbjrn Knutsen,A History of International Relations Theory(Manchester: ManchesterUniversity Press, 1992).

Michael Doyle, Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism and Socialism(New York:W.W. Norton, 1997).

Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski, eds.,International Theory: Positivism andBeyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).Michael Doyle and G. John Ikenberry,New Thinking in International Relations Theory(Boulder: Westview Press, 1997).

Ken Booth and Steve Smith, eds.,International Relations Theory Today(Cambridge: PolityPress, 1995).

Marie-Claude Smouts (dir.)Les Nouvelles Relations Internationales: Pratiques et thories

(Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 1998).Jean-Jacques Roche, Thories des relations internationales(Paris: Montchrestien, 1994).


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Introduction(October 24)

No readings are required, although we will allocate the presentations and discuss

organizational and other issues.

Theory and Purpose in World Politics(October 31)

Martin Wight, Why is There No International Theory? in Herbert Butterfield and Martin

Wight, eds.,Diplomatic Investigations: Essays on the Theory of International Politics, 17-34.Kenneth Waltz, Laws and Theories, in Robert Keohane, ed.,Neorealism and its Critics,27-46.

Brian Schmidt, The Historiography of Academic International Relations, in The Political

Discourse of Anarchy, 15-42.Martin Hollis and Steve Smith,Explaining and Understanding International Relations, 45-91.

Ole Wver, The Rise and Fall of the Inter-Paradigm Debate, in Steve Smith, Ken Booth

and Marysia Zalewski, eds.,International Theory: Positivism and Beyond, 149-185.

Thucydides: The Causes of War(November 7)

Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Books I and Book II.Donald Kagan,A New History of the Peloponnesian War, Vol. 1, The Outbreak of the War,345-374.

Thucydides: Interest, Justice and Power(November 14)

Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War. Books III and IV. Pay particular attention to Book III,The Debate on Mytilene (paras. 36-50); The End of Plataea, (paras. 51-68); Civil War in

Corcyra, (paras. 69-85),

Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War. Excerpts from books V, VI and VII. Book V (TheMelian Dialogue, paras 84-116); Book VI, Debate on Sicily (paras. 1-31); Book VII (the

Destruction of the Athenian Expedition, paras. 50-87).Richard Ned Lebow, Play it Again Pericles: Agents, Structures and the Peloponnesian War,

European Journal of International Relations, 2:2 (1996), 231-258.Laurie Bagby, The Use and Abuse of Thucydides in International Relations,InternationalOrganization, 48:1 (Winter 1994), 131-153.Mark Kauppi, Thucydides: Character and Capabilities, Security Studies, 5:2 (Winter 1996),142-168.


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Thomas Hobbes and Hugo Grotius: The Creation of Traditions(November 21)

Quentin Skinner, Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas, in James Tully, ed.,

Quentin Skinner and his Critics, 29-67, 291-304.

Thomas Hobbes,Leviathan, Chs. 13-18, 21.Hugo Grotius,Prolegomena to the Law of War and Peace.David Boucher, Inter-Community and International Relations in the Political Philosophy of

Hobbes,Polity, 23:2 (Winter 1990), 207-232.Michael Williams, Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration,InternationalOrganization,50:2 (Spring 1996), 213-236.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau(November 28)

Discours sur l'origine de l'ingalit. Any edition will do (although if you use one that is notin the kit, skip the dedication, preface and appendix).

The State of War; and Fragments on War, and Abstract and Judgement of Saint Pierre's

Project for Perpetual Peace; all reprinted in Stanley Hoffmann and David Fidler,Rousseauon International Relations, 33-100.Torbjrn Knutsen, Re-reading Rousseau in the Post-Cold War World,Journal of Peace

Research, 31:3 (1994), 247-262.

Immanuel Kant: Pacific Federations and the Liberal Tradition(December 5)

Immanuel Kant, Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose; On the

Common Saying: This May be True in Theory But it Does Not Apply in Practice; Perpetual

Peace: A Philosophical Essay; and excerpts from the Metaphysics of Morals, all in Hans

Reiss,Kant: Political Writings, 41-53, 61-130, 164-175.Michael Doyle, Kant, Liberalism Legacies and Foreign Affairs, parts I and II,Philosophyand Public Affairs, 12:3 and 12:4 (Summer and Fall 1983), 205-235, 323-353.Allen Wood, Kants Project for Perpetual Peace, in Pheng Cheah and Bruce Robbins, eds.,

Cosmopolitics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), 59-76.

Marxism and International Relations(December 12)

Karl Marx, On Imperialism in India, and excerpts from The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis

Bonaparte, reprinted in Robert C. Tucker, The Marx-Engels Reader, 653-664, 594-617.Friedrich Engels, Excerpts from The Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State, in

Tucker, The Marx-Engels Reader, 751-759.V.I. Lenin,Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, 7-14, 76-122.Robert Cox, States, Social Forces and World Orders, in Robert Cox,Approaches to WorldOrder, 85-123.Stephen Gill and David Law, Global Hegemony and the Structural Power of Capital,

International Studies Quarterly, 33:4 (December 1989), 475-499.Immanuel Wallerstein, The Inter-state Structure of the Modern World System, in Smith, etal, eds.,International Theory: Positivism and Beyond, 87-107.


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E. H. Carr: The Dialectic of Realism and Utopianism(December 19)

E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis, revised edition, chapters 1-6, 9, 13-14.E.H. Carr, What is History, 7-30, 56-86.

Hans Morgenthau, The Surrender to the Immanence of Power: E. H. Carr, World Politics,(October 1948); reprinted in hisPolitics in the Twentieth Century, Vol. III, 36-43.Andreas Osiander, Rereading Early Twentieth-Century IR Theory: Idealism Revisited,

International Studies Quarterly, 42 (1998), 409-432.

Hans Morgenthau: Political Philosophy and International Relations(January 9)

Hans Morgenthau,Politics in the Twentieth Century, Vol. I, The Decline of DemocraticPolitics. Articles on: The Commitments of a Political Science, (36-52); The Commitments

of a Theory of International Politics, (55-61); The Intellectual and Political Functions of aTheory of International Relations, (62-78).

Hans Morgenthau,Politics Among Nations. (5th edition or earlier). 3-37.Hans Morgenthau,Politics in the Twentieth Century, Vol. I. Article on: The Moral Dilemmaof Political Action, (318-27).

Hans Morgenthau, The Demands of Prudence, inPolitics in the Twentieth Century, Vol. III,15-18.

Robert W. Tucker, Professor Morgenthaus Theory of Political Realism,AmericanPolitical Science Review, 46 (1952), 214-224.Christoph Frei,Hans Morgenthau: An Intellectual Biography, 145-206.Hans-Karl Pichler, The Godfathers of Truth: Max Weber and Carl Schmitt in

Morgenthaus Theory of Power Politics,Review of International Studies, 24 (1998), 185-200.

Hedley Bull and the English School(January 16)

Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society, chapters 1-3.Hedley Bull, International Theory: The Case for a Classical Approach, World Politics, 18:3(April 1966).

Hedley Bull,Justice in International Relations, the 1983-1984 Hagey Lectures, reprinted in

Kai Alderson and Andrew Hurrell, eds.,Hedley Bull on International Society, 206-245.Tim Dunne, The Social Construction of International Society,European Journal of

International Relations, 3:1 (September 1995), 367-390.Richard Little, The English Schools Contribution to the Study of International Relations,

European Journal of International Relations, 6:3 (September 2000), 395-422.


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Contemporary Neo-Realism (January 23)

Kenneth Waltz, Realist Thought and Neorealist Theory,Journal of International Affairs,44:1 (Spring/Summer 1990), 21-37.

Robert Keohane, Realism, Neorealism and the Study of World Politics, in Robert Keohane,ed.,Neorealism and its Critics, 1-26.John Mearsheimer, The False Promise of International Institutions,International Security,19:3 (Winter 1994/1995), 5-49.

Barry Buzan, The Timeless Wisdom of Realism, in Steve Smith, et al,InternationalRelations: Positivism and Beyond, 47-65.Helen Milner, The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique,

in David Baldwin, ed,Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, 143-169.

Contemporary Neoliberalism(January 30)

Robert Keohane, Neoliberal Institutionalism: A Perspective on World Politics, in Keohane,

International Institutions and State Power, 1-20.Robert Keohane,International Institutions: Two Approaches, in Keohane, International

Institutions and State Power, 158-179.Mark Zacher and Richard Matthew, Liberal International Theory: Common Threads,

Divergent Strands, in Charles Kegley, ed., Controversies in International Relations Theory,107-150.

Andrew Moravcsik, Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International

Politics,International Organization, 51:4 (Autumn 1997), 513-553.David Long, The Harvard School of Liberal International Theory: A Case for Closure,

Millennium, 24:3 (1995), 489-505.

The Constructivist, Interpretivist and Post-Modern Challenge(February 6)

Alexander Wendt, Anarchy is What States Make of it,International Organization, 46:2(Spring 1992), 391-425.

Alexander Wendt, Collective Identity Formation and the International State,AmericanPolitical Science Review, 88:2 (June 1994), 384-396.

Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics, 1-44.Emanuel Adler, Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics,European

Journal of International Relations, 3:3 (September 1997), 319-363.Richard Ashley, The Poverty of Neorealism, in Keohane, ed.,Neorealism and its Critics,255-300.

Mark Neufeld, Interpretation and the 'Science' of International Relations, Review ofInternational Studies, 19 (1993), 39-61.


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Recommended Readings

Theory and Purpose in World Politics

Torbjrn Knutsen,A History of International Relations Theory.Brian Schmidt, The Political Discourse of Anarchy.R.B.J. Walker,Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory.Michael Donelan, The Political Theorists and International Theory, in Donelan, ed. The

Reason of States.Raymond Aron, What is a Theory of International Relations?,International Affairs, 21:2 (1967).Stanley Hoffmann, Theory and International Relations, in his The State of War.Steve Smith, The Self-Images of a Discipline: A Genealogy of International Relations

Theory, in Ken Booth and Steve Smith, eds.,International Relations Theory Today, 1-37.Kal Holsti, The Dividing Discipline, chapters 5-7.

Yosif Lapid, The Third Debate: On the Prospects of International Theory in a Post-PositivistEra,International Studies Quarterly, 33:2 (September 1989), 235-54. Responses to Lapid,ibid., 255-80.

Steve Smith, Paradigm Dominance in International Relations: The Development of

International Relations as a Social Science,Millennium,16:2 (Summer 1987), 189-206.Yosif Lapid, `Quo Vadis' International Relations? Further Reflections on the `Next Stage' of

International Theory,Millennium, 18:1 (Spring 1989), 77-88.Ekkehart Krippendorf, The Dominance of American Approaches in International Relations,

Millennium, 16:2 (Summer 1987), 207-214.Stanley Hoffmann, An Ameican Social Science: International Relations, in Stanley

Hoffmann,Janus and Minerva.Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski, eds.,International Theory: Positivism and

Beyond.David Boucher,Political Theories of International Relations.Michael Banks, The Inter-Paradigm Debate, in Margot Light and A.J.R. Groom, eds.,

International Relations: A Handbook of Current Theory, 7-26.Alexander Wendt, On Constitution and Causation in International Relations,Review of

International Studies,

Thucydides: The Causes of War

William T. Bluhm, Causal Theory in Thucydides' Peloponnesian War,Political Studies,10:1 (February 1962), 15-35.

Christopher Bruell, Thucydides View of Athenian Imperialism,American Political ScienceReview, March 1974, 11-17.Peter J. Fleiss, Thucydides and the Politics of Bipolarity.A. Andrewes, Thucydides on the Causes of the War, Classical Quarterly, 9 (1959), 223-239.

Raphael Sealey, The Causes of the Peloponnesian War, Classical Philology, 70 (1975), 89-109.

Bruce Russett and William Antholis, Do Democracies Fight Each Other? Evidence from thePeloponnesian War,Journal of Peace Research, 29:4 (1992), 415-34.


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Thucydides: Interest, Justice and Power

David Cohen, Justice, Interest, and Political Deliberation in Thucydides, Quaderni urbinatide cultura classica, 16:1 (1984), new series, 35-60.Hayward Alker, The Dialectical Logic of Thucydides' Melian Dialogue,American PoliticalScience Review, 82:3 (1988), 805-820.Steven Forde, Varieties of Realism: Thucydides and Machiavelli, The Journal of Politics,54:2 (May 1992).

Steven Forde, International Realism and the Science of Politics: Thucydides, Machiavelli

and Neorealism,International Studies Quarterly, 39 (1995), 141-160.Sara Monoson and Michael Loriaux, The Illusion of Power and the Disruption of Moral

Norms: Thucydides Critique of Periclean Policy,American Political Science Review, 92(June 1998), 285-89.

Aristophanes,Lysistrata.

Euripides, The Trojan Women.Peter Pouncey, The Necessities of War.Raymond Aron, Thucydides and the Historical Narrative, in hisPolitics and History.Leo Strauss, On Thucydides' War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, in Leo Strauss,

The City and Man.Charles Cochrane, Thucydides and the Science of History.Clifford Orwin, Piety, Justice and the Necessities of War: Thucydides' Delian Debate,

American Political Science Review, 83:1 (March 1989), 233-39.Laurie Bagby, Thucydidean Realism: Between Athens and Melos, Security Studies, 5:2(Winter 1996), 169-.

Thucydides: Commentary and Interpretation(April 2)

George Kateb, ThucydidesHistory: A Manual of Statecraft,Political Science Quarterly,79:4 (December 1964), 481-503.

Per Jansson, Identity-Defining Practices in ThucydidesHistory of the Peloponnesian War,European Journal of International Relations, 3:2 (1997), 147-165.Richard Ned Lebow, The Paranoia of the Powerful: Thucydides on World War III,PS, 17(Winter 1984), 10-17. See also the response to Lebow, and his rejoinder, inPS, 17 (Summer1984), 586-596.

Richard Ned Lebow, Thucydides, Power Transition Theory, and the Causes of War, inRichard Ned Lebow and Barry Strauss, eds.,Hegemonic Rivalry: From Thucydides to the

Nuclear Age, 125-65.Richard Sears, Thucydides and the Scientific Approach to International Politics,Australian

Journal of Politics and History, 23 (1977), 28-40.Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, What Thucydides Saw,History and Theory, 25:1 (1986), 1-16.George Steiner, Review of Kagan'sA New History, The New Yorker, 11 March 1991, 88-92.Michael Doyle, Thucydidean Realism,Review of International Studies, 16 (1990), 223-237.Daniel Garst, Thucydides and Neorealism,International Studies Quarterly, 33:1 (March1989).

Miles Kahler, External Ambition and Economic Performance, World Politics, 40:4 (July1988).


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Michael T. Clark, Realism Ancient and Modern: Thucydides and International Relations,

PS, 26 (September 1993), 491-94.Erich S. Gruen, Thucydides, His Critics and Interpreters,Journal of Interdisciplinary

History, 1:2 (1971).

Stephen Krasner, Realism, Imperialism and Democracy,Political theory,20 (Febraury1992), 38-52.Alan Gilbert, Must Global Politics Constrain Democracy? Realism, Regimes, and

Democratic Itnernationalism,Political Theory,20 (February 1992), 8-37.Steven Forde, Thucydides on the Causes of Athenian ImperialismAmerican PoliticalScience Review, 80:2 (June 1986).

Nancy Kokaz, Moderating Power: A Thucydidean Perspective,Review of InternationalStudies, 27 (2001), 27-49.David Bedford and Thom Workman, The Tragic Reading of the Thucydidean Tragedy,

Review of International Studies, 27 (2001), 51-67.William O. Chittick and Annette Freyberg-Inan, Chiefly for Fear, Next for Honour, and

Lastly for Profit: An Analysis of Foreign Policy Motivation in the Peloponnesian War,

Review of International Studies, 27 (2001), 69-90.

Thomas Hobbes: Creation of a Realist Tradition

Thomas Hobbes,Behemoth.Charles Beitz,Political Theory and International Relations, 11-66.Donald W. Hanson, Thomas Hobbes 'Highway to Peace',International Organization, 38:2(Spring 1984), 329-354.

R. John Vincent, The Hobbesian Tradition in Twentieth Century International Thought,Millennium, 10:2 (Summer 1981), 91-101.Hedley Bull, Hobbes and International Anarchy, Social Research, 48 (Winter 1981), 717-738.

Roger Masters, World Politics as a Primitive Political System, in James Rosenau, ed.,

International Politics and Foreign Policy, 2nd ed.Richard Schlatter, ed.,Hobbes's Thucydides.Terrence Ball, Hobbes' Linguistic Turn,Polity17 (1985), 739-60.Malcolm Forsyth, Thomas Hobbes and the External Relations of States,British Journal of

International Studies5:3 (1979), 196-209.Raino Malnes, The Hobbesian Theory of International Conflict.Timo Airaksinen and Martin Bertman, eds.,Hobbes: War Among Nations.Joshua Mitchell, Hobbes and the Equality of All under the One,Political Theory, 21:1(February 1993), 78-100.

Cornelia Navari, Hobbes, the State of Nature and the Laws of Nature, in Ian Clark and Iver

B. Neumann, Classical Theories of International Relations, 20-41.Russell Hardin, Hobbesian Political Order,Political Theory, 19:2 (May 1991), 156-180.Clifford Brown, Thucydides, Hobbes and the Linear Causal Perspective,History of

Political Thought, 10:2 (Summer 1989), 215-249.Mark Heller, The Use and Abuse of Hobbes: The State of Nature in International

Relations,Polity, 13 (1980), 21-32.

Clifford W. Brown Jr., Thucydides, Hobbes and the Derivation of Anarchy,History ofPolitical Thought, 8:1 (Spring 1987), 33-62.


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Hugo Grotius and the Legalist Tradition

Hugo Grotius,De Jure Belli ac Pacis. Book I, chapters I, II (i-iii), III, IV (i-xx). Book II,

chapters I, XX (i-ix), XXII, XXV, XXVI.Hedley Bull, The Grotian Conception of International Society, in Herbert Butterfield and

Martin Wight,Diplomatic Investigations, 51-73.Peter Haggenmacher, Grotius et la doctrine de la guerre justePeter Haggenmacher, On Assessing the Grotian Heritage, in T.M. C. Asser Instituut, ed.

International Law and the Grotian Heritage.Jeff Holzgrefe, The Origins of Modern International Relations Theory,Review of

International Studies, 15 (1989), 11-26.Cornelius Murphy, The Grotian Vision of World Order,American Journal of International

Law, 76:3 (July 1982), 477-498.Hersch Lauterpacht, The Grotian Tradition in International Law,British Yearbook of

International Law(1946).James Scott, xxx-xl of the Introduction, to the Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace, Classics of International Law, edition ofDe Jure Belli ac Pacis.Hedley Bull, Benedict Kingsbury and Adam Roberts, eds.,Hugo Grotius and International

Relations.Francisco de Vitoria, De Indis et de Ivre Belli Relectiones, reprinted in the Ernest Nys

edition of the Classics of International Law, 115-185.Knud Haakonssen, Hugo Grotius and the History of Political Thought,Political Theory,13:2 (May 1985), 239-265.

Francisco de Vitoria,Political Writings, ed. Anthony Padgen and Jeremy Lawrence.

Richard Tuck, Grotius, Carneades and Hobbes, Grotiana, 4 (1983).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Kenneth Waltz,Man, the State and War, Ch. 6.Ian Clark, Rousseau and the Tradition of Despair, in Ian Clark,Reform and Resistance inthe International Order, 67-91.David Fidler, Desperately Clinging to Grotian and Kantian Sheep: Rousseau's Attempted

Escape from the State of War, in Ian Clark and Iver B. Neumann, Classical Theories of

International Relations, 120-141.Stanley Hoffmann, Rousseau on War and Peace,American Political Science Review, 57:2(June 1963), 317-333.

Grace Roosevelt,Reading Rousseau in the Nuclear Age.F. H. Hinsley,Power and the Pursuit of Peace, 46-61.Michael Williams, Rousseau, Realism and Realpolitik,Millennium, 18:2 (Summer 1989).Stanley Hoffmann and David Fidler, eds.,Rousseau on International Relations, introductoryessay.


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Immanuel Kant: Pacific Federations

Thomas Donaldson, Kants Global Rationalism, in Terry Nardin and David Mapel,

Traditions of International Ethics, 136-157.

Andrew Hurrell, Kant and the Kantian Tradition in International Relations,Review ofInternational Studies, 16:3 (July 1990), 183-206.Mark Franke, Immanuel Kant and the (Im)Possibility of International Relations Theory,

Millennium, 1995.Marquis de Condorcet,Esquisse d'un tableau historique de progrs de l'esprit humain.W.B. Gallie,Philosophers of War and Peace, Ch. 2.Kenneth Waltz, Kant, Liberalism, and War,American Political Science Review, June 1962Ian Clark, Kant and the Tradition of Optimism in Ian Clark,Reform and Resistance in the

International Order, 49-66.Joseph Knippenberg, Moving Beyond Fear: Rousseau and Kant on Cosmopolitan

Education,Journal of Politics, 51:4 (November 1989), 809-27.Michael W. Doyle, Liberalism and World Politics,American Political Science Review,80:4 (December 1986), 1152-1169.

T. Clifton Morgan and Sally Howard Campbell, Domestic Structure, Decisional Constraints,

and War: So Why Kant Democracies Fight?Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 35, No. 2(June 1991), 187-211.

Georg Sorenson, Kant and Processes of Democratization: Consequences for Neorealist

Thought,Journal of Peace Research, 29:4 (November 1992), 397-414.Denny Roy, Neorealism and Kant: No Pacific Union,Journal of Peace Research, 30:4(1993), 451-54.

Michael Williams, Reason and Realpolitik, Canadian Journal of Political Science, 25:1

(March 1992), 99-119.Michael Doyle, Liberalism and International Relations, in Ronald Beiner and W.J. Booth,

eds.,Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy, 173-203.Georg Cavallar, Kant's Society of Nations: Free Federation or World Republic,Journal ofthe History of Philosophy, 32 (July 1994), 461-82.Daniele Archibugi, Immanuel Kant, Cosmopolitan Law and Peace,European Journal of

International Relations, 1:4 (1995), 429-456.Howard Williams and Ken Booth, Kant: Theorist Beyond Limits, in Ian Clark and Iver B.

Neumann, Classical Theories of International Relations, 71-98.Cecelia Lynch, Kant, The Republican Peace, and Moral Guidance in International Law,

Ethics and International Affairs, 8 )1994), 39-58.James Bohman and Matthias Lutz-Bachmann, eds.,Perpetual Peace: Essays on KantsCosmopolitan Ideal.Antonio Franceschet, Sovereignty and Freedom: Immanuel Kants Liberal Internationalist

Legacy,Review of International Studies, 27 (2001), 209-228.Georg Cavallar, Kantian Perspectives on Democratic Peace: Alternatives to Doyle,Reiewof International Studies, 27 (2001), 229-248.

Marxism and International Relations

R.N. Berki, On Marxian Thought and the Problems of International Relations, WorldPolitics, 24:1 (October 1971), 80-105.


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Vendulka Kubalkova and Albert Cruickshank,Marxism and International Relations, 1-24.John Maclean, Marxist Epistemology, Explanations of `Change' and the Study of

International Relations, in Barry Buzan et al, eds., Change and the Study of InternationalRelations, 46-67.

Andrew Linklater, Realism, Marxism and Critical International Theory,Review ofInternational Studies, 12:4.Fred Halliday, Vigilantism in International Relations,Review of International Studies, 13(1987), 163-75.

B.K. Gills, Historical Materialism and International Relations Theory,Millennium, 16:2(Summer 1987), 163-175.

John Maclean, Marxism and International Relations: A Strange Case of Mutual Neglect,

Millennium, 17:2 (1988).Robert Cox, Gramsci, Hegemony, and International Relations: An Essay in Method, in

Robert Cox,Approaches to World Order, 124-143.Stephen Gill, ed., Gramsci in International Relations.Kees van der Pijl, The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class.Martin Shaw, War, Imperialism and the State System: A Critique of Orthodox Marxism for

the 1980s, in Martin Shaw, ed., War, State and Society, 47-70.Andrew Linklater,Beyond Realism and Marxism, 140-172.

E. H. Carr: The Dialectic of Realism and Utopianism

Charles Jones,E. H. Carr and International Relations: A Duty to Lie.Michael Cox, ed.,E.H. Carr: A Critical Reappraisal.

David Long and Peter Wilson, eds.,Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis: Inter-War IdealismReassessed.Cecelia Lynch, E.H. Carr, International Relations Theory, and the Societal Origins of

International Legal Norms,Millennium, 23:3 (1994), 589-619.Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: E.H. Carr, Critical Theory

and International Relations,Review of International Studies, 23 (1997).Whittle Johnson, E. H. Carr's Theory of International Relations: A Critique,Journal of

Politics, 29:4 (November 1967), 861-884.Peter Wilson, "The Myth of the 'First Great Debate',"Review of International Studies, 24(December 1998), special issue, 1-16.

Paul Howe, The Utopian Realism of E.H. Carr,Review of International Studies20 (1994),277-97.

William T. R. Fox, E. H. Carr and Political Realism: Vision and Revision, Review ofInternational Studies, 11:1 (January 1985), 1-16.Hedley Bull, The Twenty Years' Crisis Thirty Years On,International Journal(Autumn1969), 625-638.

Kenneth Thompson,Masters of International Thought.Norman Stone, Grim Eminence,London Review of Books(20 January - 3 February 1983),3-4.

C. Abramsky, ed.,Essays in Honour of E. H. Carr, especially Roger Morgan, E.H. Carr andthe Study of International Relations.

E.H. Carr: Realism as Relativism, chapter four in Michael Joseph Smith, Realism fromWeber to Kissinger, 68-98.


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Graham Evans, E.H. Carr and International Relations,British Journal of InternationalStudies, 1 (1975), 77-97.

Hans Morgenthau: Political Philosophy and International Relations

Jean-Franois Thibault, Hans J. Morgenthau, le dbat entre idalists et ralistes et l'horizon

politique de la thorie des relations internationales: une interprtation critique,tudesInternationales, 28:3 (September 1997), 569-591.Hans Morgenthau, Scientific Man versus Power Politics.Hans Morgenthau, The Sweet Smell of Success,New York Review of Books, 30 July 1974.Hans Morgenthau, Fragment of an Intellectual Autobiography: 1904-32, in Kenneth

Thompson and Robert Myers, eds., Truth and Tragedy, 1-17.Niels Amstrup, The Early Morgenthau. A Comment on the Intellectual Origins of

Realism, Cooperation and Conflict,13 (1978), 163-175.Alfons Sollner, German Conservatism in America: Morgenthau's Political Realism,Nomos,72 (summer 1987), 161-172.

Hans Morgenthau: Power and the National Interest, chapter 6 in Michael Joseph Smith,

Realism from Weber to Kissinger, 134-164.Hans Morgenthau,In Defense of the National Interest.Hans Morgenthau, The Twilight of International Morality,Ethics, 58:2 (1948), 79-99.Hans Morgenthau, Vietnam, in Truth and Power, 398-425.A.J.H. Murray, The Moral Politics of Hans Morgenthau, The Review of Politics, 58:1(winter 1996), 81-107.

Kenneth Thompson and Robert Myers, eds., Truth and Tragedy, articles by Richard Barnett,

Richard Falk, George Liska, Adam Watson, Bernard Johnson.Stanley Hoffmann, Notes on the Limits of Realism, Social Research, 48 (Winter 1981).Peter Gellman, Hans Morgenthau and the Legacy of Political Realism,Review of

International Studies, 14:4 (October 1988), 247-66.Jaap Nobel, Morgenthau's Theory and Practice: A Response to Peter Gellman,Review of

International Studies, 15:3 (July 1989), 261-71.Christoph Frei,Hans J. Morgenthau: eine intellektuelle biographie(1993 dissertation).Greg Russell,Hans J. Morgenthau and the Ethics of American Statecraft.James Speer, Hans Morgenthau and the World State, World Politics, 20 (1968), 207-227.Robert J. Myers, Hans Morgenthau: On Speaking Truth to Power, Society,January/February 1992, 65-71.

Greg Russell, Hans J. Morgenthau and the National Interest, Society, January/February1994, 80-84.

Robert Jervis, Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and the Scientific Study of International

Politics, Social Research, 61:4 (Winter 1994), 853-876.William Bain, Deconfusing Morgenthau: Moral Inquiry and Classical Realism

Reconsidered,Review of International Studies, 26 (2000), 445-464.Tarak Barkawi, Strategy as a Vocation: Weber, Morgenthau and Modern Strategic Studies,

Review of International Studies, 24 (1998), 159-184.


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Hedley Bull and the English School

Hedley Bull,Justice in International Relations, the 1983-1984 Hagey Lectures.Hedley Bull, Natural Law and International Relations,British Journal of International

Studies, 5:2 (July 1979).Kai Alderson and Andrew Hurrell, eds.,Hedley Bull on International Society.John Vincent, Hedley Bull and Order in International Politics,Millennium, 17:2 (1988),195-213.

Nicholas Wheeler and Timothy Dunne, Hedley Bull's Pluralism of the Intellect and

Solidarism of the Will,International Affairs, 72 (1996), 91-107.Martin Wight,International Theory: The Three Traditions.Adam Watson, Hedley Bull, States Systems and International Societies,Review of

International Studies, 13 (1987), 147-153.Roy E. Jones, The English School of International Relations: A Case for Closure,Review of

International Studies7 (1981), 1-13.Sheila Grader, The English School of International Relations: Evidence and Evaluation,

Review of International Studies14 (1988), 29-44.Robert Jackson, Martin Wight, International Theory and the Good Life,Millennium, 19:2(1990), 261-272.

J.D.B. Miller and R.J. Vincent, eds., Order and Violence: A Study of Hedley Bull'sContribution to International Relations, especially chapter 7, James Richardson, TheAcademic Study of International Relations.

Peter Wilson, The English School of International Relations: A Reply to Sheila Grader,

Review of International Studies, 15 (1989), 49-58.A. Claire Cutler, The `Grotian Tradition' in International Relations,Review of International

Studies, 17 (1991), 41-65.Benedict Kingsbury, Grotius, Law and Moral Scepticism: Theory and Practice in the

Thought of Hedley Bull, in Ian Clark and Iver B. Neumann, Classical Theories ofInternational Relations, 42-70.Jean-Franois Thibault, L'ide de socit et l'tude des relations internationales, in

Lawrence Olivier, Guy Bedard et Jean-Franois Thibault, eds.,pistemologie de la sciencepolitique.Richard Little, Neorealism and the English School: A Methodological, Ontological and

Theoretical Reassessment,European Journal of International Relations, 1:1 (1995), 9-34.Roger Epp, The English School on the Frontiers of International Society: A Hermeneutic

Recollection,Review of International Studies, special issue 24 (1998), 47-63.

Contemporary Neo-Realism

Robert Jervis, Realism in the Study of World Politics,International Organization, 52:4(1998), 971-991.

Kenneth Waltz,Man, the State and War.Robert Keohane, ed.,Neorealism and Its Critics.Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics.Kenneth Waltz, Reflections on Theory of International Politics: A Response to My Critics,inNeorealism and its Critics,322-45.


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Kenneth Waltz, The Emerging Structure of International Politics,International Security,18:2 (Fall 1993), 44-79.

Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics.Joseph Grieco, Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realistic Critique of the Newest

Liberal Institutionalism,International Organization, 42:3 (Summer 1988), 485-507.Barry Buzan, Charles Jones and Richard Little, The Logic of Anarchy.Benjamin Frankel, ed.,Realism: Restatements and Renewal, originally published as a specialissue of Security Studies5:3 (Spring 1996).Benjamin Frankel, ed.,Roots of Realism, originally published as a special issue of SecurityStudies, 5:2 (Winter 1996).Ashley Tellis, Reconstructing Political Realism: The Long March to Scientific Theory,

Security Studies, 5:2 (Winter 1995), 25-39.

Contemporary Neo-Liberalism

David Baldwin, ed,Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate.John Barkdull, Waltz, Durkheim, and International Relations: The International System as

an Abnormal Form,American Political Science Review, 89:3 (September 1995), 669-680.Robert Jervis, Realism, Neoliberalism and Cooperation: Understanding the Debate,

International Security, 24:1 (Summer 1999), 42-63.Joseph Nye, Neorealism and Neoliberalism, World Politics, 40:2 (January 1988), 235-251.

Constructivist and Post-Modern Scholarship

John Ruggie, What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-Utilitarianism and the Social

Constructivist Challenge,International Organization, 52:4 (1998), 855-886.Vendulka Kubalkova, Nicholas Onuf, Paul Kowert, eds.,International Relations in aConstructed World.Jeffrey Checkel, The Constructivist Turn in International Relations, World Politics, 50:2(January 1998), 324-348.

Friedrich Kratochwil and John Ruggie, International Organization: A State of the Art on an

Art of the State,International Organization, 40:4 (Autumn 1986), 753-75.Friedrich Kratochwil, Regimes, Interpretation and the `Science' of Politics,Millennium,

17:2 (Summer 1988), 263-84.Nicholas Onuf, Worlds of our Making.Richard Ashley, The Geopolitics of Geopolitical Space: Towards a Critical Social Theory of

International Politics,Alternatives, 12:4 (1987), 403-34.James Der Derian and Michael Shapiro, eds.,International/Intertextual Relations.Ramashray Roy, R.B.J. Walker and Richard Ashley, Dialogue: Towards a Critical Social

Theory of International Politics,Alternatives, 13:1 (January 1988), 77-102.Mark Neufeld, The Restructuring of International Relations Theory.Mark Hoffman, Restructuring, Reconstruction, Reinscription, Rearticulation: Four Voices in

Critical International Theory,Millennium, 20:2 (1991), 169-185.Hayward Alker and Thomas Biersteker, The Dialectics of World Order: Notes for a Future

Archeologist of International Savoir Faire,International Studies Quarterly, 28:2 (June1984), 121-142.


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Jim George and David Campbell, Patterns of Dissent and the Celebration of Difference:

Critical Social Theory and International Relations,International Studies Quarterly, 34:3(September 1990), 269-294.

Sandra Whitworth, Gender and International Relations: Beyond the Inter-Paradigm Debate,

Millennium, 18:2 (Summer 1989), 265-272.Sarah Brown, Feminism, International Theory, and International Relations of GenderInequality,Millennium, 17:3 (Winter 1988), 461-475.Anne Marie Goetz, Feminism and the Limits of the Claim to Know: Contradictions in the

Feminist Approach to Women in Development,Millennium,17:3 (Winter 1988), 477-496.V. Spike Peterson, ed.,Feminist (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory.Cynthia Enloe,Making Feminist Sense of International Politics: Bananas, Beaches and

Bases.Jean Elshtain, Feminist Themes and International Relations Discourse, unpublished paper.

Women and International Relations,Millennium,18:2 (Summer 1989), contributions byMolyneux and Keohane.

J. Ann Tickner, Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspectives on AchievingGlobal Security.Christine Sylvester,Feminist Theory and International Relations Theory in a Postmodern

Era.Roger Spegele, Richard Ashleys Discourse for International Relations,Millennium, 21:2(1992), 147-182.

J. Ann Tickner, Identity in International Relations Theory: Feminist Perspectives, in Yosef

Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil, eds., The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory, 147-162.

Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community.

Ronen Palan, A World of Their Making: An Evaluation of the Constructivist Critique inInternational Relations,Review of International Studies,26 (2000), 575-598.Dale Copeland, The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay,

International Security, 25:2 (Fall 2000), 187-212.

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