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Theology: Faith seeking understanding.

Philosophy: The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence.

Faith: Ultimate concern, radical trust in something, a gift considered from both subjective and

objective poles.

Worldview: Basic lens through which our encounter with the world is interpreted, how ones

faith broadly interprets their world.

Religion: A community formed around a shared ultimate concern, great love, vision of eternity,

view of ultimate reality or God.

God: The object of faith or the culminating focus of some worldview

Christianity: A religion that centers around Jesus of Nazareth. A relationship with and faith in

God through the work of Jesus, called Christ and the Spirit of God.

Judaism: a religion with a belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham,

Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and

rabbinic traditions

Modernity: Takes enlightenment ideals and applies it to theology. Secularism. Rational.

Postmodernity: (Liberal Christianity) experimental, internet, coding, images

Revelation: An esoteric, prophetic-apocalyptic text.

Gospel: Greek for good news, provides identifying descriptions of the person Jesus. Longversions of how to ID Jesus, by those that believe in him.

Believer: One who has faith

Scripture (Old Testaments) : aka Hebrew Bible, First Testament, Scriptures of Israel. TANAKH

(Torah (teaching), Neviim (Prophets) and Ketuvim (Writings). Central event is Exodus from

Egypt and the disclosure of Torah under Moses. Narration of Origins and Israels ancestors.

Exodus-Moses. Leviticus-Living Commands, worship. Numbers- Journey, Deuteronomy:

Reprise of story. Six major themes: God, Israel, Covenant, Land, Commandment, Creation.

Neviim:Prophets (National History) Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings. Three main roles: Prophet,

Priest & King. Prophetic Themes: Unfaithfulness, Call to Repentance, A Remnant Preserved,

Restoration, Messianic, Reorientation of Israels hope, Social Justice

Ketuvim: Catch-all. Psalms (Israels prayer book), Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Job, Song of Songs,

Ruth, Ester,

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Scripture (New Testament): 4 Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John), An interpretive early

Church history (Acts), Personal Letters to early Christian communities: Apostles: Romans,

Corinthians, James, Timothy. Coalesces around the event of Jesus of Nazareth, his crucifixion

and proclaimed resurrection.

Pantheism: God is everywhere.

Deism: Belief in a creator that does not intervene in the universe.

YHWH: aka Yahweh, god of Israel.

Israel:Northern kingdom of Hebrews, a group considered by its members to be Gods chosen

people.

Creation: YHWH responsible. Creation myth.

Abraham and SarahBiological parents of Jews, father of Judaism, One who makes the

covenant with God

Ethical monotheism: Belief in one God who guides humanity through ethical principles. God

typically is Jewish/Christian God.

Moses: Hebrew prophet and lawgiver who led the Israelites out of Egypt

Temple of JerusalemPrimary center of worship, built by Solomon, destroyed byNebuchadnezzar in 586BC.

Babylonian Exile: Jews captives of Babylonia. Punishment for idolatry and disobedience to

Yahweh. Last of biblical prophecy by Ezekiel.

Roman Destruction of the Second Temple: Caused by Jewish rebellion against the Roman

Empire. Destroyed in 70 CE.

Crucifixion: Jesus is sentenced by Pontius Pilate, a knowing and willing sacrifice. Notable for his

resurrection three days later.

Resurrection: Jesus comes back from the dead.

Apostle Paul: Zealously persecuted early followers of Christianity, but has vision from God on

the road to Damascus, changing him from ardent persecutor to fervent supporter.

Pentecost: Feast of Weeks, celebrating giving of Law on Sinai for the Jews, and the descent of

the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles.

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Holy Spirit: Third hypostasis of the Trinity, the triune God manifested as Father, Son and Holy

Spirit.

Ignatius of Antioch: En route to Rome, met martyrdom by being fed to wild beasts.

Bishop- Ordained member of Christian clergy

Orthodoxy-straight opinion What is and what is not part of the Christian belief

Heresy: a choice that diverges from straight opinion

Gnosticism: Religion that held that good souls had become entrapped in a cycle of rebirths in

evil bodies. Bodies and all material world are evil or illusory. Denied that Christ had a physical

body.

Marcionism: Two Gods. Good god had no relationship with us or anything else in the world until

he sent Christ his Son. God offers undeserved salvation out of pure love.

Perpetua and Felicitas: Christian martyrs of the 3rd

century. Notable for being female martyrs,

example of the extent to which early Christians would go for their faith.

Martyrdom: Someone who suffers persecution and death for refusing to renounce a belief or

cause.

Platonism: Theory of forms, world of eternal, unchanging forms. Turn away from the passions

and distractions of our bodies and the physical world.

Stoicism: A rational principle guides the whole universe. Human beings are all related, because

we all share in the same universal Logos.

Epicureanism: A philosophy that pleasure is the greatest good, achievement of which leads to a

state of tranquility and freedom from fear.

Justin Martyr: Early Christian apologist. Presented Christianity as the best of philosophies.

Attacked by both philosophers and Christians for oversimplification of Platonism or modifying

faith to suit philosophy.

Logos: The word of God, A spark or seed of cosmic rationality.

Origen of Alexandria: Exerted huge influence on Greek-speaking Christianity. All souls achieve

salvation in the end led to attacks against him. Accepted Platos view that our souls are our real

selves and that we are born in new bodies again and again.

Allegorical sense of scripture: Bible has various levels of meaning and tends to focus on the

spiritual sense

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Tertullian: Thought Christians should have little to do with the society around them. Faith needs

no help from Philosophy

Athanasius: Defender of orthodoxy. Son was of the same substance (homoousios) with father.

Council of Nicaea leads to Nicene Creed.

The Divine Dilemma: How Christ is both Human and Divine.

Emperor Constantine I: First emperor to convert to Christianity. Called the Council of Nicaea.

Arius: Only father is eternal, son was created at some point in time. Argued against Athanasius/

Council of Nicaea: Condemned Arians, and declared Christ begotten, not created, of the same

substance as the father.

Homoousious: greek for of the same substance

Trinity: God is one ousia, but three hypostaseis. Hypostaseis always act in perfect accord. Father,son, and Holy Spirit.

Council of Chalcedon: Two natures, human and divine coexist in one person, and the oneness of

the person makes it appropriate to apply the predicates of either nature to the other.

Leo I: Use of his letter at council led to prestige of the bishop of Rome, and papal authority.

Theotokos: Greek title of Mary, the mother of Jesus used in the Eastern Orthodox. Literally

translated to God-bearer

DivineHumanity:

Divinization: to become more divine, more like God, or take upon a divine nature.

First, Second, Third Rome: Ancient Rome-> Byzantine Empire->Russian

Augustine of Hippo: Developed Catholic Church as spiritual City of God. Argued against

Donatists with arguments and force. Doctrine of predestination.

Donatism: Christian sect that believed that a traitor could not be a priest, and sacraments

performed would be invalid.

Pelagianism: Original sin did not taint human nature and that mortal will is still capable of

choosing good or evil without special divine aid

Conversion:

Julian of Norwich: Person who had intense visions of Jesus Christ. Known as spiritual authority.

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Mystical (negative) theology: Branch of theology which focuses on experiences or states of the

soul which cannot be produced by human effort

God as mother:

Monasticism: Way of life where one renounces worldly pursuits to devote life to spiritual work.

Saints: A person acknowledge as holy or virtuous and typically regarded as being in heaven after

death

Scholasticism: System of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities.

Theistic arguments:

Anselm of Canterbury: Ontological arguments for existence of god.

Aristotelianism: is a tradition of philosophy that takes its defining inspiration from the work ofAristotle.

Islam: monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Quran.

Mendicant orders (friars): Wandering poor monks organized by Francis.

Franciscans: A group of friars traveling around the countryside begging for food and preaching

faith in Christ. Spiritual successors try to overthrow church.

Dominicans: Order of preachers that secured a good education and traveled about the world

preaching.

Thomas Aquinas: Some truths are available through both reason and revelation. Distinguishment

from what we can know by reason from what we can know by revelation. Grace does not destroy

nature, but perfects it.

The five ways: unmoved mover, first cause, argument from contingency, argument from degree,

and teleological argument.

Subalternate Science: accepts faith on principle

Bonaventure: Aristotle wrong, all creation emanates from and gradually returns to God.

Great schism: excommunication by pope and the patriarch of Constantinople

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1800 BCE (c.): Abraham & Sarah [if historical]

1250 (c.): Moses & the Exodus

1200-1030 (c.): Judges of Israel

1010-970: Reign of David

970-933: Reign of Solomon

950: Construction of First Temple

931: Divided Kingdom

750-450 (c.): Classical Age of the Prophets

722: Assyrian Conquest of Israel

622: Reformation of King Josiah

586: Babylonian Conquest of Judah, Fall of Temple

538: Persian Ascendency; Cyrus facilitates return of the Jews

520 (c.): Dedication of second temple

450: Reform of Ezra

331: Conquest of Palestine by Greeks under Alexander the Great

165-140: Maccabeean Revolt against Antiochus IV, Greeks

63: Conquest of Palestine by Romans under Pompey

37: Rule of Herod called Great

33 CE (c.): Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth

70 CE: Destruction of the Temple ; End of Second Temple Period

63 BCE: Roman Empire under Pompey conquers Judea

37-4: Rule of Herod called Great

20: Herod renovates the Temple at Jerusalem

6 BCE (c.): Birth of Jesus of Nazareth

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18-37 CE: Caiaphas High Priest of Jerusalem

26-36: Pontius Pilate prefect of Judea

30 or 33: Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth

31 or 34: Conversion of Paul of Tarsus

35: fragments of Jesus tradition circulating

49: Expulsion of Jews from Rome

50: Apostolic Conference at Jerusalem (Acts 15)

54-68: Nero Emperor of Rome, Neronian persecution

62: Apostles Paul & Peter in Rome

66-74: First Jewish Revolt against Rome

68: Qumran Community destroyed

70: Destruction of the Temple (end of Second Temple Period)

90 (c.): JosephusAntiquities of the Jews

95: Domitians persecution

110 (c.): Pliny the Youngers,Epistulaeon Christianity

130 (c.): earliest extant Gospel fragments

132-135: Second Jewish War, Bar Kochba Revolt

130-250 Christian Apologists (Justin Martyr)

223 Terullian

250 Origen,

312 Constantine Conversion

325 Council of Nicaea

381 Council of Constantinople: Nicene Creed

431 Council of Ephesus: Mary is God-Bearer

435 Chalcedon: Two natures, one single unified person.