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Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

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Progressive Era Presidents. Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson. Goals For Today. Understand how Teddy Roosevelt used his power as president to support progressive movement goals. improvement of conditions for workers and consumers (social welfare) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

Woodrow Wilson

Page 2: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Goals For Today• Understand how Teddy Roosevelt used his

power as president to support progressive movement goals.

• improvement of conditions for workers and consumers (social welfare)

• providing a more responsive and responsible government (economic/political reform)

• women gaining the right to vote and the outlawing of alcohol in the United States (moral welfare)

• Fostering efficiency

Page 3: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson
Page 4: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• 1902 Coal Strike:– Miners in PA

• 20% pay raise

• 9 hr. day

• union

– T.R. called both sides to White House to negotiate

– Threatened to take over mines– Legislation: none

Page 5: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Trusts:– “Good” v. “Bad” trusts– Filed suits under Sherman Antitrust Act

• Railroad, beef, oil, tobacco and others

– Ordered Justice Dept. to sue Northern Securities Company

• NSC est. monopoly over Northwestern Railroads

– Legislation: Sherman Antitrust Act– Trustbuster

Page 6: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Unregulated Big Business:– Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act– Fought for passage of :

• Elkins Act• Hepburn Act

– Legislation: Interstate Commerce Act, Elkins Act, and Hepburn Act

Page 7: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Dangerous Foods and Medicine:– Appointed a commission to study the

meatpacking industry.

– Legislation: • Meat Inspection Act

• Pure Food and Drug Act

Page 8: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Shrinking Wilderness and Natural Resources:– Promoted conservation of natural resources

– Set aside thousands of acres of forest reserves

– Water-power sites

– Wilderness sanctuaries

– National parks

– Pinchot to head U.S. Forest Services

– Irrigation projects

– Legislation: National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act)

Page 9: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Racial Discrimination:– Appointed an African American as head of

Charleston, SC– Customhouse– Refused to dismiss an African American

postmistress in Miss.– Invited Booker T. Washington to dinner– Legislation: None

Page 10: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

William Howard Taft

Page 11: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Progressivism Under Taft

• Support:– Conservatives

• Opposed progressivism

• Opposed Roosevelt

• Opposed low tariffs

• Favored business

Page 12: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Progressivism Under Taft

• Opposed:– Progressives opposed Taft b/c he:

• Signed and defended Payne-Aldrich Tariff

• Seemed to oppose conservation

• Supported conservative boss Joseph Cannon

Page 13: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Progressivism Under Taft

• Progressives:– Progressive or Bull Moose Party

• Conservatives:– Republican Party

Page 14: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Progressivism Under Taft

• Progressive- Theodore Roosevelt

• Republican- William Howard Taft

• Democratic- Woodrow Wilson

• Socialist- Eugene Debs

Page 15: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Progressivism Under Taft

• Progressive: Supported govt. action to supervise big business, but did not oppose all big business monopolies.

• Republican: Favored business, but fought to break up trusts.

• Democratic: Supported small business and free market competition; thought that all big business monopolies were evil.

• Socialist: Felt that big business was evil and that the solution involved doing away with capitalism and distributing wealth more equally among the people.

Page 16: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Progressivism Under Taft

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff:–Set of tax regulations (1909)

–Goal: Lower tariffs

–Failed to significantly reduce tariffs on manufactured goods

Page 17: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

Page 18: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

• Federal Trade Act:– Set up Federal Trade Commission w/

power to investigate both possible legal violations by corporations & unfair business practices

– Had power to issue orders to “cease and desist” unfair practices

Page 19: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

• Clayton Antitrust Act:– Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by

declaring certain business practices illegal

– Freed labor unions and farm organizations from antitrust laws

– Prohibited most injunctions against strikers

Page 20: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

• Underwood Tariff:– Substantially reduced tariff rates for

the first time since the Civil War

• Sixteenth Amendment:– Legalized a federal income tax

Page 21: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

• Federal Reserve Act:– Established the Federal Reserve

System • A decentralized private banking

system under federal control

Page 22: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

• Wilson Retreats on Civil Rights:– Opposed federal anti-lynching

legislation

– Appointed segregationists to his cabinet

– Failed to oppose the resegregation of federal offices

Page 23: Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s New Freedom

• New developments that brought success of female suffrage movement:– Increased activism of local and grass roots

groups– Use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm

for the movement– Regeneration of the national movement under

Carrie Chapman Catt