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Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Presidents

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Progressivism: a cross party movement to make American wealth into prosperity for all

All levels of gov’t needed to respond to this problem

Understanding Check:

The primary group behind the organization of the Progressive Movement was the A.  Labor unions B.  Middle class C.  Upper Class D.  Immigrants

TR: Family Background • Born sickly to a NYC Knickerbocker family

• TR’s Dad forces him to live “the strenuous life”

• Father dies prematurely; spent rest of his life trying to live up to Father’s expectations

• Cattle Rancher in North Dakota

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3

Both Alice Roosevelts

Feb 14 1884: TR’s Mother and Alice Roosevelt die on the same day

Previous Experience: a Career of Reform

• NYC Police Commissioner

• Under Sec. Of Navy

• Rough Rider

• Governor of NY, “kicked upstairs” to Vice Presidency

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YOUR TURN: BEING A WAR HERO RELEVANT FOR THE

QUALIFICATIONS OF A POLITICIAN.

A: STRONGLY AGREE B: AGREE C: DISAGREE D: STRONGLY DISAGREE E: NOT SURE

The Square Deal: liberal conservatism • Promised to balance the

needs of big business with the needs of the average person

• Middle Ground of reform

A New Kind of Presidency • Presidential Power • Bully Pulpit • Go On the Road- speak to the American people • PR Man

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One editor wrote that "nuthing escapes Mr. Rucevelt. No subject is tu hi fr him to takl, nor tu lo fr him to notis."

Understanding Check: Theodore Roosevelt use the “bully pulpit” of the presidency for what purpose ? A.  Pressure Congress to pass his laws. B.  Appoint members of the Supreme Court C.  Influence the private behaviors of Americans D.  Raise campaign contributions E.  Influence the role the church played in American politics

Roosevelt: The Trust Buster • TR targets “bad” trusts

• 1st prez to enforce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

• Went after Northern Securities (own 3 NW railroads)Filed suit against 44 corporations for being “bad”

• Went after “communities of interest” heads of companies who fix prices

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Your Turn: In your opinion, is there such a

thing as a “good” trust? A: Yes B: No

C: Not Sure

Anthracite Coal Strike 1902

Heads of different companies the that meet to fix prices are known

as a A. Community of Interest

B. Trust C. Monopoly

D. Corporation

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Food Purity and Meat Inspections Acts

Hepburn Act of 1906

• Constitutionally debatable: uses right to regulate interstate commerce

• Railroads regulated to have “just and reasonable rates”

• Corporations must have “uniform system of accounting”

• Created the Depts. of Labor and Commerce

TR: The Real Environmental President

Newlands Act: Irrigates western farmland and uses proceeds to fund conservation

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Good Bye Bear, Hello Rat!

The Taft Presidency:Many Critics 1909-1913

• TR’s handpicked successor

• Not charismatic

• Passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff

•  Pinchot (forestry) - Ballinger (Interior)

• Supported Joe Cannon (head of the Old Guard) : Taft controlled too much by traditional republicans

Which statement about the environmental laws of the US do you

agree with MOST A. There are too many

environmental laws. B. The US does a poor job protecting

the environment. C. The US has quality environmental

laws and enforcement.

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The Taft Tub

Understanding Check: The Newlands Act was paid for

by: A. Higher Taxes

B. Bonds C. Wealthy Donations courtesy of

TR’s “bully pulpit.” D. Land sales

Bull Moose! • TR banned from Republican nat’l convention

• Forms Progressive (Bull Moose Party)

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TR’s Bull Moose Campaign 1912

The Election of 1912 • TR creates The New Nationalism: a more progressive form of the Square Deal

• Race between TR, NJ Progressive Gov.. Woodrow Wilson

• The Non Factors take votes from TR:

Eugene Debs (Socialist): Too Radical

Taft: Too Conservative

• Republican Split puts Wilson into Office

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TR justified the constitutionality of the Hepburn Act by saying that the authority to regulate the railroads was part of Congress’ right to A.  regulate interstate commerce B.  use the elastic clause C.  Powers as “commander in Chief” D.  use the 14th amendment check the power of the

executive branch

Woodrow Wilson: the Professor President

• Personal Qualities:

• The New Freedom: Promised to attack all monopolies not just “bad” ones

• Promised to attack “The Triple Wall of Privilege”: trusts, tariffs and banking

The Underwood-Simmons Act

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Federal Reserve Act

Keating-Owen Act

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

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Limits of Wilson • Supported continuing segregation in D.C. offices

• Did not support 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote

• Went after war protesters during WWI