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3/21/13 1 Soul music in the 60’s The name for R&B in the 60’s A Sweet Soul business model Pioneered by Atlantic, Leiber & stoller The big scenes: Detroit: Motown Memphis: Stax & Atlantic

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Page 1: The%name%forR&B%in%the%60’s% ASweetSoulbusinessmodel€¦ · 3/21/13 1 Soulmusicinthe60’s%! The%name%forR&B%in%the%60’s%! ASweetSoulbusinessmodel! Pioneered%by%Atlantic,%Leiber&stoller%!

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Soul  music  in  the  60’s  

¡  The  name  for  R&B  in  the  60’s  ¡  A  Sweet  Soul  business  model  

§  Pioneered  by  Atlantic,  Leiber  &  stoller  ¡  The  big  scenes:  

§  Detroit:  Motown  § Memphis:  Stax  &  Atlantic  

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Hitsville  USA  makes  “The  Sound  of  Young  America”  

¡  Detroit  label,  managed  by  Berry  Gordy  ¡  Organized  corporate  model  

§  House  Band:  The  Funk  Brothers  §  Songwriters,  choreographers  &  etiquette  coaches  

¡  Producer  /  Songwriters:  §  Smokey  Robinson  §  Holland,  Dozier  &  Holland  

¡  Hook:  melody  or  lyric  that  “hooks”  you  in  

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¡  Huge  artist  roster,  sharing  spirit  ¡  Diverse  styles  

§  Gospel:  Temptations,  Vandellas  §  Gritty  Power:  Four  Tops  §  Girl  Groups:  Mary  Wells,  Supremes  §  Sweet  Soul:  Miracles,  Marvin  Gaye  §  Early  Funk:  Stevie  Wonder  §  Early  Disco:  Jackson  5,  Diana  Ross  

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¡  The  Supremes  §  Top  60’s  Soul  group  ▪  Led  by  Diana  Ross  

§  A  Girl  Group,  produced  by  HDH  ▪  1963  to  1967:  17  Top  10  hits,  10  #1’s  

¡  The  Jackson  5  §  First  4  singles  were  #1  hits  §  Created  the  Boy  Band  model  ▪  Teen  Idol  marketing  ▪  TV  shows  and  merchandising  

§  Michael  went  solo  in  1972  

Hard,  Southern  Soul  

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¡  Stax  § Managed  in  Memphis  by  James  Stewart  §  Loose  structure,  experimental  sound  §  Hayes  &  Porter  produced  §  House  band:  Booker  T  &  the  MGs  

¡  Atlantic  §  Owned  by  Ahmet  Ertegun  &  Jerry  Wexler  §  1965:  partnered  with  Stax  ▪  Distribution  and  sharing  of  artists  

¡  At  Stax:  §  Otis  Redding,  tragic  Sweet  Soul  icon  §  Sam  &  Dave,  powerhouse  duo  

¡  At  Atlantic:  § Wilson  Pickett,  roaring  preacher  §  Aretha  Franklin,  the  queen  of  soul  ▪  Signed  to  Atlantic  during  a  feud  with  Stax  ▪  Jazz  and  Gospel  background  ▪  Most  celebrated  soul  singer  after  Ray  Charles  

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“One  thing  that  I  found,  I’ll  still  be  diggin’  on  James  Brown.”  -­‐  Tower  of  Power  

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¡  “The  hardest  working  man  in  show  business.”  ¡  Dramatic  stage  shows  

§ Would  exit  exhausted,  then  rush  out  full  power  §  Band  played  with  ferocious  precision  

¡  60’s  Hits:  §  “Papa’s  Got  a  Brand  New  Bag”  §  “I  Got  You  (I  Feel  Good)”  

¡  A  major  60’s  civil  rights  voice  §  In  Boston,  Brown  stopped  riots  over  Dr.  King’s  assassination  with  a  speech  at  a  concert  

¡  In  the  70’s  §  Father  of  Funk  ▪  A  punchy,  intense  brand  of  soul  ▪  Call  and  response  ▪  Groove-­‐driven  repetition  

§  70’s  hits:  “Sex  Machine”,  “Super  Bad”