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3/21/13
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Soul music in the 60’s
¡ The name for R&B in the 60’s ¡ A Sweet Soul business model
§ Pioneered by Atlantic, Leiber & stoller ¡ The big scenes:
§ Detroit: Motown § Memphis: Stax & Atlantic
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Hitsville USA makes “The Sound of Young America”
¡ Detroit label, managed by Berry Gordy ¡ Organized corporate model
§ House Band: The Funk Brothers § Songwriters, choreographers & etiquette coaches
¡ Producer / Songwriters: § Smokey Robinson § Holland, Dozier & Holland
¡ Hook: melody or lyric that “hooks” you in
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¡ Huge artist roster, sharing spirit ¡ Diverse styles
§ Gospel: Temptations, Vandellas § Gritty Power: Four Tops § Girl Groups: Mary Wells, Supremes § Sweet Soul: Miracles, Marvin Gaye § Early Funk: Stevie Wonder § Early Disco: Jackson 5, Diana Ross
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¡ The Supremes § Top 60’s Soul group ▪ Led by Diana Ross
§ A Girl Group, produced by HDH ▪ 1963 to 1967: 17 Top 10 hits, 10 #1’s
¡ The Jackson 5 § First 4 singles were #1 hits § Created the Boy Band model ▪ Teen Idol marketing ▪ TV shows and merchandising
§ Michael went solo in 1972
Hard, Southern Soul
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¡ Stax § Managed in Memphis by James Stewart § Loose structure, experimental sound § Hayes & Porter produced § House band: Booker T & the MGs
¡ Atlantic § Owned by Ahmet Ertegun & Jerry Wexler § 1965: partnered with Stax ▪ Distribution and sharing of artists
¡ At Stax: § Otis Redding, tragic Sweet Soul icon § Sam & Dave, powerhouse duo
¡ At Atlantic: § Wilson Pickett, roaring preacher § Aretha Franklin, the queen of soul ▪ Signed to Atlantic during a feud with Stax ▪ Jazz and Gospel background ▪ Most celebrated soul singer after Ray Charles
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“One thing that I found, I’ll still be diggin’ on James Brown.” -‐ Tower of Power
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¡ “The hardest working man in show business.” ¡ Dramatic stage shows
§ Would exit exhausted, then rush out full power § Band played with ferocious precision
¡ 60’s Hits: § “Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag” § “I Got You (I Feel Good)”
¡ A major 60’s civil rights voice § In Boston, Brown stopped riots over Dr. King’s assassination with a speech at a concert
¡ In the 70’s § Father of Funk ▪ A punchy, intense brand of soul ▪ Call and response ▪ Groove-‐driven repetition
§ 70’s hits: “Sex Machine”, “Super Bad”