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UNIT 2 - What is ICT?Hardware components

Software

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Electronic device: uses electronicsignals Input - entering data

Operation manipulating data

Output sending out/retrievinginformation

Input Operation Output

The computer processing

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Remember: stores data - facts or words,figures, numbers, pictures, sound digitally

Follow a set of instructions:- programme

Input CPUIM/PM Output

EM/SMThe computer system

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Input device: keyboardProcess: CPUMemory: store dataOutput device: monitor or

printer

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CPU or processor or microprocessor forms the brain of a computer:

Controls communication

Controls mathematical & logic instruction processesThe more powerful the CPU the more powerful the computer - speed

Megahertz (900 MHz or 2.2 GHz) the speedat which amicroprocessor executes instructions:

Pentium IV

Celeron

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Intel CPU (microprocessor)

Pentium IV or Newer and faster units

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Advanced Micro Devices (AMD): AMD Athlon 64 FX

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Stores programs (instructions) and datapermanentlyCauses the computer to operate (BIOS)

Nonvolatile storage medium

BIOS uses Flash memory, a type of ROM

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Loads files, programmes and data duringexecution from external media hard disk

Temporarystorage transfers data tosecondary memory

Volatile storage medium

More bytes- fasterprocessing

Bits - binary digit: basic storage units of data (0, 1)

8 BITS - 01000001 = 1 BYTE e.g. kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB)

[capacity of the memory]

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Byte (B) 8 bits

Kilobyte (KB) 1,000 bytes

Megabyte (MB) 1,000,000 bytes

Gigabyte (GB) 1,000,000,000 bytes

Terabyte (TB) 1,000,000,000,000 bytes

Yottabit (YB) 1024 bytes

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DisketteFlash drivesMemory sticks

Hard disk/driveDiscs CD

ROM

DVD

Blue ray

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DiskettesDiskettes

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Typically used in digitalcameras / Personal Digitalassistants (PDAs)

Different formats exist

Multi-purpose card readersavailable that readdifferent formats

Data can easily betransferred to computers

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Hard drivesHard drives

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/2_5_inch_hard_disk_P1160109.jpg

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CD-ROM: Compact Disk Read OnlyMemory

CD-R: CD RecordableCD-RW: CD ReWriteableDVD: Digital Versatile DiscBlue Ray

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CD-RW 700 MB,CD-RW 700 MB,

80 min. Rewritable disc80 min. Rewritable disc

CD-R 700 MB,CD-R 700 MB,

80 min.80 min.

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Secondary memory:

DVD-R 4.7 GB,DVD-R 4.7 GB,

240 min.240 min.

DVD-RW 4.7 GB,DVD-RW 4.7 GB,

240 min.240 min.

Rewritable discRewritable disc

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Secondary memory:

Blue ray (sl)Blue ray (sl)

25 GB25 GB

Blue ray (dl)Blue ray (dl)

50 GB50 GB

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Types of

media

Data capacity Type Portable

media

Diskette

(A drive)

1.44 MB or 1.20MB Magnetic Yes

Flash drives Up to 16 GB16 GB Digital Yes

Hard drive From 200 GB200 GB to . Magnetic Yes/No

CD-ROM 700 MB / 80 minutes audio Optical Yes

DVD 4.7 (sl) or 8.5 (dl) GB Optical Yes

Blue Ray 25 (sl) or 50 (dl) GB Optical Yes

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Keyboards Ergonomic keyboards Optical-mechanical mice Optical mice Cordless devices Laser miceTrackballsJoysticks

InterfacesTouchscreens

http://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Keyboards.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Ergonomic_keyboards.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Opto-mechanical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Optical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Cordless_devices.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Laser_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Trackballs.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Joysticks.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Interfaces.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Touchscreens.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Touchscreens.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Interfaces.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Joysticks.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Trackballs.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Laser_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Cordless_devices.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Optical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Opto-mechanical_mice.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Ergonomic_keyboards.htmhttp://www.pctechguide.com/51InputDevices_Keyboards.htm

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I t d i M

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Input device: Mouse

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Joyopis.svg

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Displays informationMonitors size is expressed in inchesPixels (picture elements) - resolution

of a monitor (640x480 pixels) Resolution- sharpness and clarity of an

image

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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://imall.ntu.edu.sg/pic/monitor--.jpg&imgrefurl=http://imall.ntu.edu.sg/Category.asp%3FCategoryName%3DMonitor%2B&h=1200&w=1488&sz=56&hl=en&start=131&sig2=1i2ciA5hmfmoR6VsQxyweg&um=1&tbnid=7z2nt183QVRX6M:&tbnh=121&tbnw=150&ei=QJiISJqZDqKg0QTCi8WUCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonitor%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sz-wholesale.com/uploadFiles/17%2520CRT%2520Monitor_558.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sz-wholesale.com/shenzhen_China_products/Computer-Monitor_1.htm&h=500&w=500&sz=29&hl=en&start=21&sig2=1dzflx0Q-ISSzmCFljuIFQ&um=1&tbnid=2tpopUSfELnnWM:&tbnh=130&tbnw=130&ei=85eISLnJNZPA0wSc6_ShCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonitor%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us%26sa%3DN

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Dot matrix: low quality, slow &noisy (metal pins + inked ribbon + paper)

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Inkjet: good quality, better than dotmatrix

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Laser: high quality, fast & quiet

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Personal Digital Assistant(hand-held device withmany characteristics of acomputer):

view & edit documents& spreadsheets, playmusic/games, diary,email, Internet

designed to complementa computer, and not tonot replace one

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Quality & cost

Performance

CPU Hard drive

Capacity (Memory: RAM)

Upgradeable