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inpxvecormlNo.23

1April 10. 1975

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rINDOCHINA

THE IMPERIALIST

Liberation forces swrm the citadel in Hué.

M puppei president Lon No‘ Hus nca eh: Cambo-dian capital, wnrna Viberuncm is inanincrri. in Southviarnarn, in a period cf mice week: We Saigonarmy nas :oHapsed in the ccnrrai nignianar, in manarrnern provinces, and aiana ma cenmfl aaaamnc,ubondoningseverul nnarnanar afwiimuns av doflursworth of niimary equipmem ana inning scares armaaaanar ar men. The Hbermed zones have bgenVflflly extended ana new saver 75 percanr acsoarnVietnam, even according >0 Wenern ¢>ti’nmI

rmaca in ma liberated am; are the nuiar : esof the saw wan H-:2 cxccpnan an Sfligcn. Severn‘thousand people have risen up ar have iainaci inczones gr ma Provisions‘ Revamfiowry emrnnianr.in race of me rain ui mair rarcer, Washington andiv: Iaaai irarrannanrs have been struck by a pnra\y:'i:Mn! is rfisfiurbing m Ihase wna Have placed mairhupes ma unnaa Slates in the ‘

pa Iceman oi theinrpariaiirrwaria.“

in one mvmh, inc inaaaninaaa vevwlufiun has woncnrai‘|'“‘“aviarariar i'i.a'i'n.arE a aa“ai;iva‘m g {ainrin‘r'na—rc‘g“ianaTain.aiion. This mm 1: Opening me

DEBACLEby PIERRE ROUSSET

nriai phase ar Hue fight rar Me liberatinn af Indo-c ina from t c rnarican imperiu Tsi grip.The suddcnncsx and rapidity of the upbeuvifl thatnus iau cccurmd haw: sarprisea those wna naa notrecognized — ar aia not worn to recognize — Meaanrraaicnanr ma» wcrc pmglcssfvcly undermining«ii. popper vegim: iron. wirnin. Corwequemly, averhcbh: invernananai prcsx campaign, violanilyumitommu 5!, is aaina uvchexrmtedz nniaius see...:34: IS SUV »a be me mm‘! of the weakness amncr»icon and, Hanavr viubrion of H-we Paris uccmds,and inc comvmmlfi "xteummller" «ran. V1-id warm inFace ofwhich inc South viannarncrc pcpulnfion isFleeing, wanna rnair iacw againa» Mme redperil.n is not yer «inc Io draw an inrriai overufl balance-sheet of ma aircraiva rnw under way. The simanonremain: mo much in Flux. Bmsome pain‘: can bemade aaaar ma prucexses rnrarign which the arrpparcauapsc in Indochina ix accrrrring and a rexpomecan was be made Va ma pulwuous campaign beingwaged in ma Wefiem waria,

LNDOCHINA

The diimegrafion oi the131111391 “WWThere are raarewehhehws «ha: shed heat Ugh! ah thecharacter of the defeat cl me Suigan ahhy.

vcahhahy Io whur emasah sh waahshauah haye mea)0 make people aeueye, ch gr haw r Pbferr' or :he 3 ppel amyrahaha vamy aaaana tn

vhmof the heyam nary forces, Ih pahazpze, the

‘ ’99: Tu We nhah ahe

hm hm hheh (ah paper), me vhaha.vahaaa¢ a- Fave:hh Ne wana, a sahh:aaa\a mflfihme aha hye. fleet,aha urlmery unequaled ah me “other side," orcourse, ma Peop\e'x ranah Anhea Forces hayebeen able 5:: improve Meir hhauehel, especlufly h.we mulhcm hegzahs. Bu! ayeh aaaahazha in he :5-V'm\GVE$ of the cm, quoted by Ahenaah aahaheahheh,u.$. aid #0 ma. ahae rhc avahhha of the Pari uc—

cord: 11:» aeeh vwa m four times larger rhah >1-we a.aWe Demucmfic xaaahna of Vielnam has rcccivndnah. chzha aha ma ussx. Aha me rehmaah has an-nhhahexy ha in recogrfize Ihav ma sa;eah mazhmH43 H57 aeeh sivangk-d by a drop :h haheaax ahahhzmary supp|?e:, The aheaaa iah vha fiscal yeflf(aheaay approved by the Cangress] havc ha. yetaeeh used up aha me uvoflublc stocks of h.eI, ahh»hahmah, aha spar: parts war: rah hah. my annzea.(sea Le Figro, March 29-30, 1775.)

‘Them waa nut, aha were ha: 5 N ha» 5. been.ma amhsaya Sim! UK In may waged

r s-7zTTh“a+ wm a aahahax ana Vnvulv a eaehma farce; aha mgulm

aha haaehax brueps aaaha which saha aha hardeamea teak pklce. oahha the whmax phaseaf ma aahehr nahnha mahh the Mking as weahay;he:aI aaenar ac Wwo: azhh Tn Jdrwary kn

«ha mxzhg er B67! me Yhuo) sh March), ahryregional aha xaaax troops were am by the |ih—

ahanah forces h. Vhelr mflifl cmucks Danaeme yeccmd phase (aneh Thieu's deci ah wh hia-March to evucnafie me amea uf rhc cehharH;ah1ahaa, Vleflw, aha Konrum), reaalahas —

szaha phzyeu ah ocfive hexa sh vb: hmhehhprnvinccs aha alaha the coast. Bu! they hahavyhaa In fight! The sa:aeh haaaa assaahaaa whchthe iim slums were mea, Elf aah.ac;h.es §ImP[y

at ma Gnnaurvllemerfl that me naeraaah fortsv/we about Va UHTVG.

"iv was hhaa ahahahehah ufdisimegmflun of

‘NEW!VVETNAM

~5~*-’>55‘??§\\ *2,

Shaded angas slmn‘Ij‘lperated 7,une.~.

«hm ha eaaxa ha: hope rahah Uvcréflfiéd u_s_aahhhahheh». Aha the «away aah Ma Thus? 1‘-Iusrrmed the aahaeh that puppet awymaha hash.b2 cm an From rheTr FQUF areas aha rhah des-flayed. Thar haa H: be ayaxaea; troc;s haa toaa regrouped ;h areas hh wmah mesh waha ahawurer saeaxy Ishea could HOV be cu! are: mesouthern part of Mn aaahhy aha the noon.The hehaae was aapaaaaa Va sécp Were; tam sh

haamy, mar Velma? aeaahe hhe s;ghar rah a(DUI, a aahehhe he an me hhamahy Izxperfis ahaaayhaa.

‘The debacle as the Eugget ahhy is an we mare5 VCDVW ih «ha» "Tm/o‘ve: “elite” units, whhraggpe. ahhy r-hm uverluvned the aha ac

Vheman gehahar Hal Ir appears mm the

Tiah an rtfireut aha a reorgu nah ol hhahhrmahy system had aeaah to be <bnsIderud ha»SUWIIWEF. h. ahy case, «he decision M wilhdmw"QM the cehhar Haahrahas was hhaae ah MarchI4, eehhe ahy hew cities haa aeeh unuzked.rah Thieu, rhe camaeaaah anaanah aahnhheaA

as the B1195 ))-mi haa each ha\a;ha Quflng Tr? ahaHué aha were lam withdrawn 70 Do Nang: maHm narahhy mymah aha the Mavinex. As ha thepovuweopers, may haa aheaay eeeh whhahawh by

wea m pmlect me presidenfial pawaee from ehe—hhwea

. . . aha mehaa, Uwas me Imops vhurhudbeen aahaaehea xhe ahly "guud Ones“ — the ahryDue: rho! were supposedly we” .hahya~ea aha arcaa—

five — who robbed, Murdered, kidnapped she wfvesof mess emeee, and reeehs with each eshes seevacuate she shseesehee zehes es qerehly as eessaexe.The mm wm xn sheseeeh rim she was Wm able seseize eehszssesehse mimury shes hes ahsees, heseses,zm-soc essexesses and heheeesee wirh uH shezseesaeeseh», some es which hee bees. ssss she runwaysmsh MI eesehhe seeks, ready se sehe err.

The puppet army WES hes xeeeseh ones hesss seessxes

rh which she ehesenel xuperinrily es the adversaryhes nheuy dec c. Nobody med se eereha DuNehe, even ewes Meseh 2e, whess Yhieu zsseee cl

serehsss eesl se me rroaps so "hold an,“ Asse yes-would have been p<Is5?b‘e se hehe she .. Dweeg eenre V0 mHy esserae opsssesee_ whes heeeehee was sh

‘ad The esehresh ss

gssegsshess ss she?‘The regime Imdenninedfrom withinwsses seelm ve(y:Vr'sk\'ng seee

es she Vme of s gne hurry se eveesssseoeh seeehs se eeh polity, ees ed re do shss enes seeee-hazshe shes ‘us pr us xv-mbcgy of m ry eseeh.-neh hess failed. Thur seeeess es. vsserremeehseemo sees sseseszeseneh or we seseh-ehshae of Furzus‘sh shaeehvee, as me sehse szme, weshwheseh hee seee;es baxe es rho esseees regimeWefiznfiovv eeeesesesee by shqeeeeessel e ehe ms whne rhsess-s eVacked <:red'\bilTry.

the Ema} succexs er me EoU<:ies er “E: _ess On,“lforcid urbunT1u)ian," ehe “Viemamixmion, 5slrgxgth of she msmesx shzehs brwghr V0 bear agumslshe hseeehsheee eeeexee, ehe sheisefl me heehseesh -nee se sehrshssssse >uEEorl‘ se shmeees

.. ondilflllmrz ehe eehee ee PRG hem heirs

e,je'fi.es eeshe. We shes.eess :7?w‘h‘:eh Wesseee zssseenex had bcen H-wruwn

by «he sssseeue of she shsseehasseee eeeexes, mu :h—

sesher cuMvudTc?Tor\s er she Saigon seezshe, shessseheshehzhe es she Hbcmted zone: shes was madepa Ie by she halr er she eehssezssg, and WusMng-sehh zhseshessesser ssmaessmes combined he s rhe‘/Tefnflmeie, cehsbeewess, ehe Leoszeh revaluflumarlzxsh a Iuvomble pesirsee he be eele se do she. ssseh

was she fmmewark es struggle barn of she ssehaeeof she Paris accondx on January 27, um.Ir look Mu years for she process sheh X: mwficn

lo seeeh tnflmfily, 1.. sees, irwus e eeshehsereh ereseeessess e military pseeee combsrfing she waspolicies er “Fr\'IV:rnixaIiun"eee gmds/med sespehses;e eermeex eseeee cHuHengTng Thiesfs WQF eeney,ssehosssse-use repression, and shegeuee ses eemeesenerights; an eeeh - seeess uosmlerpoxing she recan-

and recexsion sh she e T25 hemeeessesseeessseesa on es she

er xlmgsfle for eeesseexe de.

- hele

sees e . tpured she way far sheshe army, ms in ssssh had reper-

which Wash ems. was hdxing Hxdf, mess zs hesessees s-h eessneh se semve. -

my alreadyhave has bags packed 1

hFDY seuesnhe

Lou New -shse exH ehh e ncw eeveemhehs h *

ume Thaeeh vice pheszeehs, only se disuppefrom she eensaeer xzene zh W7l, He as k »

his sssssslehs unticamvwnixm. He 75

wish sense eesseseh, e Fur ' esecease (nee veh Des. P"

ss Hun rs-eh,his eshesse Memrchy

Yngron (Bui D s, ees

men! wguirfit eesssses-seh.My be see se eeeees she rz—

e . r-October eesesse she cries er alarm vsemnghv-wing epeesmeh_ Today she geeesess, H-se

seeese, and she archbishop 07 seaeeh ese eshrssgFor she departure es she psseees pmsidanh

asss she shessees ces e "rhzee seeshe wifixmn Tmeu"am psesehny very sflm. me eeeeeshae recession hseaeeh has deepcred sharply. Panic e be hhsee Ioovertake eeeseeezs seles, wmcln are seesscsse For

eeseee. me sh Trury command eesssesesexy sc.r—

gflmxcd and she no s are probably demomlizeThe senezese eepee: ens are hes veuewahe sse rigm;

5

NDOCHINA

on rne oonoory, rney ore inokino ovenonee io rnePRG. me coo poi nieroiony, whose rooi cup-ital" is ioy Nini. (enoiioieo by rne Hbmulion iorccs),has advised me ioirnioi io remain neonoi in Mac

ngniino our ro stay whcrc riioy oie ono nor iiee ro—

ward soioon. senoior Vu von Mun, o ieeoer oi inBuddhixv organization Fame: or Norionoi Recon -

rion iiinkeo ro the An Quang pugnda], hm sroreoriioi hi: ioroei inovo iooon allowed ro keeo rneir oon.iviinees ooiivo in rne nowiy iioeroreo rerrhories.mooooo Ngo Ba Than, o ieooei oi rire “Mircl farce"ioooior Movomeor ior the Aooiioorion or Me ParkAeeoroe \\/ha was onee oioeeo under houxe nrresr,say: riior one dues nor inreeo In oorrie oore in rneoovernrnenrreoroonioorion, nor e 15 rine orioiror me “First ioooe, 'i no: is, rne soioon Fumes. F?-noiiy, eeneioi Minn, one orrne permnaliiiex Ines?oioyeo oo oy American Hbcruk, wno could try ropioyo Bonapunisi roie oeiween nine ioerioro oi rneooooiirion, ii . king e wait-<Irvd—see am ude andseem: nor ro know wnien bandwagon to iorno on.

Aoove oii, rne sgeiire weioiii oi me we has beeniy 'in<mnsod' Somh Vxein rn, To be sure,KWVRG km oeeiTieaTseii prepared io neoonoie,

oni anly oirer rke ovoiroroo or rne oreoenr reoinieono H: reoioeoneor by on oornirrmorion rnoi wouldagre: ro apply rne roiii dccmdx. ii iieonriooingrne vigoroos aflerisive, wiiieii makes ir probablemduy iiroi rno iibemied lanes nmv inoioae neoriynoir (or rnorei or rice papulatwn.

And the refugees?ls rnie onoiynii (aimed oy in iiionr oi rehxgeex onoihe scenes of panic Mimi rclevisieri crews have filmed’)No? at all. The ieai charucinr of ihc ' ht must beunderstood.

The March 27iorernoiionoi iieroio irioone, busingioeir on interviews roken ey reoeneo or rne NewVark Timex, rroooiineo one or io articles “Cowsof Refugee Exodu Paniz, Nor Politics.“ ine orrieionoreo that "in ri.e ceurs: cf ieeeni weeio correspon-oenn oi rne bk-w York Times nove iniervieweoi non-oreoi or refugees Flccing iron v ' us oorie oi rneccuntiy." io rho qw.-siimi, "Why oie yen nmnirig""mosir2spoIidn?d- “Bueusi: everyone is leaving.““Nubudy answered inoi H was because no orshenoieo cumriwriism or woo oiroio oi ii. Many wereorroio that rney wooio be expand ro decnh arvioeiooerion ii rnoyeioyeo oenino, . . _ reoroi Wee

unkriuwnseeim ro b: even gneoier. . . . For rkerieir. ono niiooie classes, tor iioe meichanls ono oneriessmflri, rnere is o speciai reason iorriign». . .

ine rxrneiiooio ono ike-r ooooere nove been ooie roeieore ooiieeiive panic in rnony cities. And poniehas omeiy been creuicd: by me non.ronoor.on in5

poor yeoo oi every oewiy iioeroieo zone or ioooinyinro o i-iiee VIM“ ono bomb 9 zone, by «ire reyoinen ;oi combo), oy oireoi ineirenenr. in Pleiku in wmioudxpeuker rroeki mgariized by me army rnor iooeneooii oonie oy orivino riooooii iiie eiiy screaming "Free,flee!" even riroogn no iionrino was going on-or ikerrn.e, in Hué moo-o ooio rs enrereo eoon bums,riiiei in i.ono, ie lame rne e oro In evacuate;oxinerwioe, rne soldiers said, rne oornoo ono rooriorwiHI<Hlyau.“{Ari1nhabihuniuHhe eiry whn eroyeobehind reooooieo mi; to rne NLF yvess agency. seeme Porio ooiiy Libéruiiori, April 2, i975.)

in Nhn irono, Agent: France-Presse ruporled, iri—

nooironn rook rerooe on o nearby oninnooireo Fsiandeorino il-e accupciiori or five oiry. iney were orroiaorroeken. oriere rieo ine gangs oi ooooei soidicrswho were oriiooino ooo mwdering. in oooirion, inepuisnrinus campaign was goino on we eornrnonisooiii pierce r-no nonoi oi oi: ymmg giris, ii ono in on.

The oonio ono exodus ore ii.o nnoi praducrs of rneAmerican amoeiioiiini ooroy or “forced urbaniza-rion." Bniwhile rney nove ooen ooie ro ineire oonio,rnoy nove noi orooreo oy inio neon; o brand andpapulurmcial base ioi rneir system in inoiooiiino.Ano wniie rnooe who ore Ieoving i'n ino eoiioerivemoves ore nor necessarily oniy ihosc wire fem repri—55‘: because ikey ccllaboruicd, Nrmrvd, mmderad,and oroiireo iioin rne prcsencc or no Amlzrizuris onorneir iienenrnen, ir must no» ‘no roroorion rnor mm!oi rne innooironio of these zmws novr.» rornoineo oe—

nioo, Of nove rntumed oireooy, or ore in orneeoorreioinino. Noi mus? ir be Fergaircn iiior rire iio.eitlviuri or ii.e chins was nooe pussibiz by rne com-bined oorion oi riie iioeroiion armed lame: and ri.eorganized working P°Pvirninn, ir was aim ior unis

reason «nor Hoe, Du Mono, and Niro Iiono ieiiwiinoor big rioinrino. Ano on-n Yea»/es mide rne rviu§>sivn oeiee on oi ine puppev orroy. IF this To noi ineooie, Inow i r ro oe exoioineo inoi iooooioreiyooon me onivoi or me iioerorion Forces iiie errieewere eoveieo wiin ine oonneo oi rko PM}? in theApril A Le Mnridc Jenn inorovoi wrore, on nine basisoi infovmoliuri received in Huiiair mu? iiinieroe oey—eioioo.eoi woik noo iooon oireeieo rowoio rne soori.Viemamexe masses, in ooriieoior ooring ine pus?yeoo, in many provincial capitals clandcsiinzHus _ . . oiooooiy oorne oor oi rno shadows io oiorne ermiori Anneo Foiccs." Moreover, me pressin Hariai nos reoorreo rnoi in no Nurig It won rnewarkers wno were me backbone oi Muse militias.Fiooiiy, iine okeroorooio coming From rno nowiyirioeroieo dries eeoier an‘ med nireen and notoeseneo and ernery byways.

one or me key: ro iire Arneiioon poiioy in regardio me Pnrix Accurds wcs rne esmblishmeril oi "iiiroe—

ded eeeeem coexistence." The failure er Mm pre—vious smalcgy cl exctflufian vequircd «ne reseenmoner the Peap|e's aeeeene M cmne. wn him, this r€:-egnmen required tbaf mnnerar mes me u tedSfiatu wau\d have to um in direct imervenfiun.The support Peking exvended »e N7Xnr\ euewed wesneinglon rd nepe me: me ?se|arTon er the vndeenaneserevoluliorvufie: would be such mm nney WOVH "mud—

crate‘ en umbifium.

But xne cmulyfis uf me .eg:dnex Ielflfiumhip of rereesg at me NM: 0! rne signing of me accords,

me :mlHpHc0IiDn of me dameemes Aneneen «rupe-nennn wes reeane bccausz: enne rwe es me clmssneegxe Tmerl-:urionnHy, end «ne econbrm: enseVhurwus on me agenda n.ede u edssnele re prediuMu! newnn al the Vnd wdejd neepen.

se3pc:TuHy ‘TU§9m:ad by me eyenqfdi thepas! sevt:rv\ momhx. We neye seen e eennmned ev-fensivc an ceneddve end Vicrnam, en uHen5Tve u -reesnee at >hc beginning of January. ay mgnlwdnnnethe Amensen pam‘ys\'s me Tmpending can dc FhrvamPenn, mp?-fly seen as irwvimhle, acted u: e csfiulywV0 the do:muraVTznV'mn dc me eepee» «mes. In likemanner, we soneese d; we poppc! army rn seemVTc:mm wm deer the coup dn grace to me Lon Nolregime.

Aheudy, me echo er the edyenee er tho Mdothinestneyemsen een be heard eeyend : nennen :17 meFormer Frcnch cuhmes. n e espee Ily perceptibleTn The land, wheve me (nenren eeyssnnnemec KukrhPrune; '\s asking Var me withdrawal e: we u.s, Vnrceseeeed ;n «ne eeenny end whevc ensen:e eeuneer Tn.nobility be: eeeceeded me previous um-Amerkannzmsny dzeneqesswe. me :nnees:ens«debeeIe inIndeenane wm eeeexenne me new rke er chi: X7rUfi<

91: throughout «ne region.

More profoundly, wndeemne, eienewryn me ArabEusr, has revealed me new waukntsscs oFAm:ricunimpeficfism en we Tmernufianel arena. The |neecn:—

nese revalunon nus most eenemy been me bridgebetween G»: seyeleneeesy weye Mu! lullawed mesesend wdnd war and N1: mvoluriunury weye mm.s iukingshape neeey.

The Indochinese socialistmnlutionIn December ‘V72, the Vnlermfional Execufive Com-minee (IEC) of five fourth lnrernariunm adopted araohnion on the Sigrfing of the Paris accords (whkhhad yet «e lake place at use »:ne>. Aher enexysnewe svrengrlu end weaknesses es >11: eesmes. of we

xndeemneee revofufinn and me namre er the emwncurds eezne negotiated, the use eeneweded thatH1: slgvfing or we accords would xnydxye "<3 wTVh-

drawn’ of u.s. enned Farce; from v;eyne.n end «ne

nemne er xeenewnd er me New» end Soufh, (whkzh)wau1dTn any event comfinnc e em in We se1enen—swe er forces in Favor of me Vhflnumex: seyexenen,. . .e.n seen <1 wnndnewe: weexd ne» an mew (gunkunfiee) ene »/Tclory do the perrncnem rdvohman in

see». vvunen. 1: would enly (nnely) me» Ike em.eess er mas seyenenen could develap wms e reduccé,bur no! ennnnenee, Fuvelgn ccunterrevohniorvflryfnleflerencc. “ we M0001 ¢dsee er me sneeele xeyTn me mmntcrvancc dn “s?muhan . . . m seen»wensen. . .erded\ pvwer «en, cap to bonam. . .em dual power mes nes not ye. eeen exrended mthe mnicr mes dc the eeenny “ 1» was en me basiser mas anulw/37$ Mm me resahnven pn¢dicr¢d Vhc

axis er me cnming snegdxes an Vietnam: deepeninguf me agrarian secenn, sneeexe er me cxp\o'x¢¢d

masses ;n defense or their nyzne smndurds, snegexeres we release o1pol'\Hcu\ pvisanevx and For sene-enme ngms. And n nlsu pre red Me pseeebxe re-sele or fihese sneegtes me “dwsinlegratiun es usepupper mflwqry end adm -eneuye uppumms underme cambhved Impucf er me procasses we have fundescribed.“ A» me same Hme, -n we stressed me»We essennex fenmm would ee me muimemmce endsrrenglhening of M: uymtd re.ees of Vhe pmleiaria)and peesenny.

Nbre men Mo yeen later, n een ee seae {HE} H-we

unalysk our movement mode er the reluiiunxhfp erForce! and we process er coming sneenwes nee beereennnnsd. TM: dees not wash Wat nee victory erthe perm0nL‘nV eeyelenen in vaemen. and ihraug‘-mu!tndeemne has already been eenexenszy ac}-wfeved.tne snuggle eees ens Bur me wndeemnese newsm-nee Has iU§7 taken a very bigstep ceewenx.

Thor is wrm we mes» ne. above em

FOR THE INDOCHKNESE SOCIALIST REVOLUWON!

Apri‘ 3, I975

WEST GER M A NY

ATURNING POINT

‘

FOR THEWORKING CLASS ?

hv WIINIRIED WOLF

During me pus? Icw mm, “‘m¢ernuI securfry, -‘ we"fighr agmnsr renmism, “ ha; becomn the numberone Hwema a.‘ he bumgeois press and ma par|uimen-Vary manna! .n .1... Federal Republic gr Germany.The pmex. 4... M: campaign was pruflded by mewnap 'ng ml Lorenz, we.» am... cnanmn D: .n.cnnr..r'.a.-Den.omn.cnc Umun (cum, which W.....>1=9e.ny ccvried Du! by an anarchkfi gmup. TheW... German bourgcokie has been abl: in nnk iv:

new “amilermi campaign" m M: eurfier, and effec-five, compo ans amng me wifi<:h—hunr agcinsf weRare Arms: Fmkfiun (RAF — Red Am Fnmion) andan Me uccasion o.‘ .1»: hnmgm smke of me RAF ;.n'.-one’: Ydufing «nun one comrade, Hvflger Mains,.4725‘).

me man. nu. gamed grmmd rn Wcsr Germany duringme my Few weeks. n has iorced "inmmol security“on me pubii: as ;. number one H-wemc, annougn msmeme is no) at an me mime 3... an the brow massesThe cermul qucsfiurs a7urcmpVuyn-new, xborr-timeWork, and ‘angry shuldowns haw: bath XL/c:essiuHysnuncea ro me background

Four central pointsIhu prcscn? new of me West German cYu55 strugglecan be ...n.n.ea up in am cennur poznn (r... cm W»0H esfirvxlfian gr me simuriun, see "The End 9; W557

Gcnmn snmw‘ Tn INPRECOR Na 5, ,Augw 3,W74):

1

. The sum: Damocrafic gevernmem Headed byChancfllur Hnlmw Stlwmidl nus prnven :4.=..\ For we3

baurgeoisie mg. mg cwveni ruyxdiriuns oi me alas:skuggle.

2 The sun... Fer the 5oz?uIdmvn\<ruHscHe mm;Deufischlunds (SPD — Soda‘ D:-mecmfc parry ofGermany? during mg mm panlzanunrany eVc:M'<ms

cnnfinued vmugum. V974 and the Hrs! quurrcr sf1973. Taken Vogeflwer, me clecfiiun resuhx refinerthe 50:! mm wnnc We spa :anfiinwes m n.u;n«...'nH: elecveml nose U191»: working :loss, a «Mainpun Dr me working flasx, gran; Wm» dTS?Hu enedmiddle xnym, ;. Iurrfing away Frum Hut Social De—

macmcy.

3 many um and me beginning :07 W75 Hw: openmu.-or berwecn wage-labor and caphal .e.n..:nea... .. mlrfrnum [wirh Me excepfion 94 me mm. orpuh”: mm. empbyeex Tn five swing). A. me mm:am, we employers mcesaea ;n pmhmg mnwgnrm. srrurcgy of smmng rn. hwden of five um. untome am or the wnrkmg class

A. we prospecr 3 im .. shurpgrfing or W»: cu... mg.972, Aspcdafly dufing mg aumr-nn ar V975 TH};

pcrspecfiva :. uhzady betonfing uppnrenl 'm We:nn:..r....9g1e. or perTpHém7 secbiuns of me warzng class and :n a «M Fucraries rhal have been arectly amma.rne my impression one gets Tn surveying me w...German .n....+'...n (espE:iaHy rnmugn Iollmving mebourgeok vvnxs media) appeals m cormndkr n-as

pesptcvivt Dr sharpened ac... muggxe. the ram...gg. rawurd me “strung me,-‘ represcnred abnve

allay rim Jwsel Sfimuss, leader al ma CHrTsr|?:|l\—

Suziale uaian (csu — Christian social uiilaa, Wit

Bavaflun aany linked la the cluul, and la; balmmaposlfiml Wilma Ihe cw/csu parliamciilaiy lia ion,have been strengthened. ma aaaliliaa guvermvlemar ma spa and We FD? (FreTe Demokmlische Par—>¢'l

_ riea Dlxmacrafic aany, a bourgeuls 1" mlaanyi, mm piaaiaa mm the (lam, Ts movingeven «mi... away «rain Us “refurwl piaaiam" llfd Ts

dnlng ever)/)"lir\g pas 2 M eialla up ma Tnsirurvlcrlts

eFbox/rgeais iepmiaa and to make UK! of répresslvtmeasures against Ihe radical lell. Nevertheless,mi vial Tmprasslun is a xupe al one. U fall: larake acaaam al ma sgecial sinm an that pmvidesma groundwolk ID! me pvesem rlghfist herds. And

ii laila Va take aaaaimi cf raalaa mm mi lie con-sidered Tn worklrlg out a perspecfive in mi; conflu-dlcmry xiluafiorl, laaiaa such as (he generally —

creased weight ar ma working sins: and ma madeunTor3 5Tnl:e lv.s9, ma accumulafiml ar iaaailaaiexperiences during one pcrkld of me rise oislrugglesvia... lvav la We beginning ai lvu, aria ma llmparriaalaxpciianm ll.al ma warkln alas; has Had sai-mg pox! months, Ill spT¢e ar me Lzuleécerlce of lhecluxs xnvslgle.

The economic cri isll is not necessary here In gu ma a duuiled accowllai H42 3 of\*/ex) German ccpibulkm, (F01 this,5:: we Relellve Slrangth or War German Capl-Vulism, INPRECOR, Na.Vé-I7, January IA.) weessenfial pain): are mesa:

‘As ma nilove-menlianed article has pledicnsd, Illa:

ecanonfic aims has cont ued lnm the may aaaileiof H715: Ir liia deepened W some seclols and on mewhale hm become gaaaiulszea, The appiaxcaialely2,000 million DM coniunctuml pmyum of ma laa—

aial gaverrlmem has up .a now prcvevl iiiallealm,me t(Onnm' gram. rate la. th: rim quurler ari975 is rlzgarlve.‘The persistent and sharpened imaimcianal crlsls:5 rlic aaamial Foclor in ma pelsixlem cii 3. WenGermany. Ilia inlermfionol arms has caaml masharpening of the CI ma W5) Gumurl aum—mobile irldusrry and has cauxed ecanomlc aiaaalmman are expcrV>Drlen¢ed and liaa pneviouxly be...spared, like the steel, aliamiaal, aaa elecificulivdus , N: be inmaszngly giippea by ilia HT

.(Th: DIW, German lmmiiie for Eaaaamia Reseurth,speak: in ii; Mulch IE, I975, analyxisalma "dru-lmlic dimemiom“ of ma inroads made by laiaiaiiuydelui"WTfih the passing of the N75 federal aiiagal aypailzaaieiilan March zl, i975, ma government pro-waea a waking example of ma vi: us aiiale M-la?

bwrgeols pe1' y Finds lvxelf aaiiaiii in during VH2

current periud: ma government's policy 0! economicpumrpriming Vhvoogh anlaiaaa slat: exptl-id?!-urswill ximlltuvleuusly cnufil a policy or renewedbooming or the stale mi and of lnflntiwn (an airml more of incleoxe ai me more debt of rvnre man12 percent, combined mm a plvhuble stagnational me 910“ anal mam and additional am;or 22,300 MI “ion DM accumulated ilmaaali aiaaiiborrwwlrvg.

WEST GERMANY

“Accoldlng re errlelel figures, rlre rrerrber er unem-bleyee er rbe ere er Febmalysmod er l .2 ml llerr,

mare rberr '?0D,DDO wbrbere were nnshorr r e llrefigures are expeeleel re rerrelrr er rlnis leyel Rx rberrerrlr er lzbrelr. Ar rbe same rlrrre, rrrere ere plumre rrrer dawn mm: leree Yaciories, rrerebly rrre well-knuwn vw/Arer-msu reerery lrr Neckunuim, w b

wlli erreer lD,0l)0 warkers elreerly and errbrber3u,oou rrrelreerly mere ere ebe elere lo closedown rbe verbeyyereer rererery Tn larbeselm

rrrzr rlrerr summary er rbe eeerrorrlc slreerlee T: orqreclr lrreerrerree lrr erelerererrrllrre rlre slum el rbewerr German class rrreeele, erpeelelly i were.-rler eerlrre lm and rbe lreelrrrrlrre er H775.

Stagnation of the class struggleIn relre e 1:: lrriflcl exglefiancex during rrre V9za9~

lm berlee, rbe weer German working clusx waxeer ereberee rer rrre nnrw rsrrrerlerr opened up by rrre

crlsix er lvu-75, Massive rrrrerrreleyrrerrrerre iac—

rery elrerrrg required responses ere lerrre er xl‘rug—

gle elllererrr lrerr mesa er the breeeelrre period.re rm; lr reerr elre he added:

‘Ural rlrx crisix occuvved under a seelel nerrreererleeeyerrrrrrerrr, rlrer is, underu guvemmem lee by rbeparry rrrer is errll scan by rlre rrrelerrry er rre weerGerman wurking elee er llrelr pa eel repmsel-lm~rlye;

"lber me 5ucTu| uereeererze geyerrrrrreer erre r‘rr_e

imde-union bureaucracy worked rogcrheras clvselyas passible rerrrlle erry eererrrlel rrrrrgglee and reeeeb rbreeerr rbe low wage agreements desired byme empkzyers Av rbe some rlrrre, rrre rrad=—lml'orl

bereeeereey rbrerrlee nppmifiurlul nlflufivlzs byrrrrrrrer reerrlerlre ?r<lde—url'lon eerrreereey,

‘Thur rbe employers intervened Tn rrre eerrrrerer bahrler lrr e eerrrrellzeel manner rbreeeb rlrelr eless er—

gcnizwiom, hurl rrre eerrer rbey bee e eleer shaheey, errllbe rbe Node rrecbre.

Today, a belerree-elreercan be drawn: The )md2—

errrer leeeerrbrb eeelreleree re rbe emphyels‘ cF~

ye ell rbe way down rare llrre, Given rrrelr eee—

sclmz suburdinmlon re rbe legic eleeelarre bour-eeele relerlerre re rlre crlsis, Hue rrudewnion Icadcrsbee re rell buck step lzyslegl and eeeepr err everyeeeerler. eerrrreerr home an rlre loves! pwsl on errbe “wage errleellres-l serrrbbee by rlre "exper¢s,“Even 2: El is acknowledged rlrel 7-his leeeeeme, ere errrr er rr (us in rrre case L7fS>eirlkI.'H2r, rbe leeeerer rlre ntmiworkcm union Tn Buden—Wl/niemberg),was prepared re rrreggle re e eerrelrr exrerrr, upt-elelly du ' 9 rlre rrreer recall blreee, erry rrreye re.ward sfruggle under rbeee conditions was doomed10

re lellrrre rrerrr lb: nuke): we rrerle-errlerrr leeeereship rree rrer ereeeree rrre working elesr rer seelrslrumles.

llre lrrelylerrel rregee in rlre eeelrelerierr er rlrerreee-rrrrlerr leeeerrlrlp were rlre autumn Iv/'4 earr-rreer rrr rrre rreel indnsrvy, rbe eerrrreer zrr rlre err-six-m:kcd eerbrrrrerlerr rrreeerry, rbe cwmutls lrrrrre rrrerels il-lduury, erre rrrrelly, Ilnl: eerrrreerr lrrrre eeblre services. (we rreel eerrrreer leak er.reeezel rlerrirreerree because lrr {Ms Tnduslrlcll brunch,wlrler er rrre rlrrre was errll err rlre eerwlrre, rlre em»elbyerel arguments eberr eeellrrlrre orders, xlnkingererrls, and rlr ererree errerreleyrrrerr were not rel:—yerrr, rhe rreee union neverrheless relrrrrrrree re rlre

wage dlclaras er rbe erebleyee l lrr ell rlrere EDVIV

rrucls, wilh rrre cxceprian errreel, rrerrrrrrel wagelrlcrtoyes were less lhun 7 eereerr.As re errerr in rbe past, rrre eerrrrel posTV'lurl lrr rm;vound elweee reeerzerlere was eeeeeleel by rlre

metals lrrrlesrry era by rlre eelrey bl rbe big metu|—wurkevx errlen, rlre lem (l.rrl.errle—eewerleelrelrMzmlll, which lr lee by Eugen beeleree, wbe Ilka:re beerr rleer be is rlre chairman er one er we mustpowerful rreee u brrr lr rbe capimfisrworld rbeereeleyere rrrlr nduflry lree e rbreesele rrrereeyrrrr.- led re e rrerrrrl‘ fig eereerrber eerr beye rrgrlrreerrr erreers Tn rrre rerer

l. lrr breerlee, rhc employers aucceeded rrr unclu-Eng rrrelr lerrb.reye_rrrr geel ere carlhal rerrlerrerr.(urrll rrrerr, rbe rreee more had errerrrbree wlrrsome su:<e§s re eerry eer e reererrel errrl brand-l—hused bblley errree er mtnlng re rbe workers‘ ud—

yerrege yerlerr-errr lrl rhc eeerrerrle sliuarlon and-re rbe waders‘ eblrrry re x:rug5\c.‘r seer.-ere e: rbe

eerrrrryyrlee errlry er rbe meials erreleyers, meeereemerrr eellrrre ler ea eereerrr wag: Tntrcoyzx,yylrlelr was .lerrerl in rlre erere er NeerbezrrwerrrellerrINRWJ, lee re ell erlrer eeeee rrere clr 1:3: rekrrreu_u rblr ugreemem, we lebeerrerl eyer l'n rbe Umer—

weserureus (Hanhwg, arerrerrr, wbere rbe pace isrer by rlre dacklng :rrrlerrry, wbeee ereer beele rerrl-e yeer have elreeey beerr filled; rlrrr, rlre err-eleyerr lrr rlre eree would have beerr ereeerelly rrereblr by e .-vlzluk rrrrke, because rrrey weele lrrrye

been ereble re rrreer rlellyery limes. This veprexemede polmcul y:erery rer rrre errreleyere.

2 rlre rerrre er rlre eerrrreer (rerrrlbel wage increase:er less rrrerr 7 eereerrr) rrreerr er leer» rr rreeze lr reelwages ere, ler e [urge pancF91we we ' e elers, elell lrr real wages, rer rlre lenerlerr rere LID re lirerlrre rlre eerrrreer we: slgrled rreee er e bereerrr,erre Tn rbe coming perlad lr w7H eerlelrrly reeerr 7bereerrr er rrrere. we is rbe r rlrrre rrr e longwblle rber reelr eereerrrerrrr lreye been rzgrrea rerbreee rrusxes el rlre warking alas:

It is nofiewurrhy, and aka unprecedented, mar rh:nude unicm naa vo aainaiaiaiy ubandan main inmaldemand: ca. Ii perznnr wage intremex and sen‘:for aainaming apamaaning H1: niviul aaaivian ac maannaiayaa. And mi; desphe ma fact ma~ ma votesai ma pur7ia\“ members efon arbitration boardhad beenexpected V0 gmnr a zonrmcr with 7 percentwage increaxes and some impcrrarw Tmprnvzmems,and dzxpile ma raai that ma trad:-urfion ieaaeaniato a aaea \a:V—minure token strike in NRW in

wnian several Mn: ar maaaanaa ac niaiaiwamanmm aan (purfiafly spunmneuuxly).

rnii aain» repaexemed an 'impar9uni aamiaai—ana—rmmi: yiaaiy can the emphyyers, a victory Haul wiiia..aaaa».a<y naya iaiaiary aiiaas an anarn mm; inma current ximuriun DFUTXTS and ongoing praaanesor raHarw:|Tzuh'onand aanaanmaiian.

3. The ampiayeis xucceedcd in Hocking ma quu['i-revive dtrvnnds OF ma nude unfcm, wnian ma miiansnaa been afiempfing ~a aam miaaaii ayai xince macancluflun of an agreement on wurking conduiurxsin Nerdbuden-Nordwdrlrenhzrg (ma “AweruH waaaaaiaanianwi. in Was: pluczs in which saan aa.aa—n-rem: wers renewed, ma rem“: war: weH aarawNM? of ma Nardbuden-Nardwumembzrgmndel.Whig has naw iaa m a dangerous xituofien in wl-fizlxma employer: in Baden-‘/VUrHemb¢rg miaaeen daringiaaa. aaniiian in maya ma factory M a nagian inwhich more rayanaaia cundmom ar caplfnfl invexV—

mem e><i's1 Fm ma ainpxayan.

main war: other asaaaa N the anaiay-na y Nry.ma demands ar ma «aaa union: for Vhe aaaiinanof Wag: Graup H in NRW (u aiaaiiiaanan Wu?

serves pcrficularly In nainiain iawan wage: For

wamen) were struck out; and me aannaimiy "insid-Ficiem train 9 cn:rvipemu71an can upprcnrfces wasm a aniy as peroenr iwnian entails a mamaaaiaiiamiian in pmcfice).

TH; vTc)oi-y of the enpiayan repreyenrs mi ?mpm—

mm xeibucl: For ma Pradewnicri mania, as maconfiemol these demandx, an» Forward under mademngugic but eflecfive ranniaiaa “Var 7mpra»/mgma aaamy ai Mia" and “'51 human warking condi-Vions, H had explosive powet, ana they were Musmama in ma xide or ma emfluyers.

New struggles11»: precelfirig year reprexamed an impcrlum rainingpain: in ma aayaiapnnanv ar a new vanguard al maWen German waking chm Ir Ts an ye! d mm?to defennine wnai cuncreie changes and awn winbe produced w Mn We working clan; and in five F<x:—

Vmiea ay flue admixture ofconhorimiion, zrkix, ..n-mnployngm, the SPD govunmem, and the fuiiurex

arm. Irod:~u n iaaaannip. Bur F7 dear ma»Vhix period, Ima the paiiaa anenaa in wav, mm-sent: a sign cant tkange.

There an already concrefie xigris that an ma anahand the genarcfl comb: my ai ma working c ias;has no? Fa|V2n ana an ma avnan hand, that newmania; and new 'armx ohlmggle are xshig. in.continued existence of gananai aembafi yy arnungthe working aim was prm/an by ma naaiiixaoianof ma memlwurkevs annng the «men mike in NRW[which uccurved Under Hue xmfuvarvblz condiviomara wage snuggle that naa in naaiiny aiiaaay beeniaai ana or !mde—um'on Iacfics ma: naa pneviuuflyaaniabiiizaa Ihe waiuan) and by ma mubmzavionsthat hum: occurred in case: anaia Factories direcflyaffecficd by shutdowns [vrw Fucker mid saiananaanin Speyer, DVA-Dmzkcrci in Swngan, umcmobfleworker; in Neckumflm).

~rnaia have naan demonsrmfionx aaainaa anan.aiay—men? by the anamaiayaa. Teachers ana \m'ix/ersirygruduumx, unemployed beouuxe ai a «ram an yobsin the aaaiia ianaai system, aiaa purviciwved inthese dcmonshulicns

‘in connetvion wim ma Supreme Court‘; iinai aia—Mbifiun afobnninri (even anning ma first mi-ananm; oF pregnancy), ma wum(n'x niayanan» hmexperienced a naw upswing Mai Hui led to manydamunslmfiaru and protest ucfiurix.

‘In wnyi in Kni'seysmH—Eaden ma pcptflmion wagaaa bTN¢r and mifimnr nmnrb-vlang snuggle uguinxrplans to construct an uremic reaclur. In xpfre ofamassive poVi'c2 cmcupaiicri, N-we consrrucrion shewas reiukeri ny mare man io,uoo dtmonsimrors an:75 mu being naia. A veiled aaan order In nan con-xfirucfion nnaanimaa the pre‘i'm'mdryvictory mm hasbeen wan.

E:peci’:||Vy naaninarai, naweyan, Dr! some klcmrystruggle: in which rhe Wexr Gzmmn wamina dos:has in ma new ram cf mania. in a SeI:eS aicwes maia naya been symbohb iaaiaiy aaaapa—Horn, and in an. case, ‘M ma Hm time, an occu-aanan was aaniaa our Q5 an QFFL-nsivc means ofsfivuggb uguimv iayaua: In snwma be? Yaderburn(in waananaiia) iso workeii ac a 1:21»-\enr—ma|<Tng

aanaany aaaaaiaa ma Vuclory an vaian in, uFu:rwiiiain 95 wuvkers were aaiiaa back and manmiiniawax ordered for ma vemdining watkcrs Ybc workersEiuilr a strike iaaaennia and aiicassea me siruofiuriin weekly aacniaiies M srrikus. may demanded an—zondirianol mainainn ar ma iayaira and aaaningas me :n:mpany‘x banks. The wurkers also managedrv make conrocv wim OM61 iaaianaa in snniza. shun-News 50 as In break aawn ma isolafiun nF man ma-aia

n

WEST GERMANY

me «enehwhg rwo «pe«p.e p.e worthy pw ..««e..«wp

rm, «he ep.e sec on er «he working zluss w.. «he

this-snuggle pe. eel eeh«ep php in «he hwg w..a.p-Vriuw «pe«p.wee p.e vivmully Waging pp emppwe. p«pww, zyeh w.. cans whe.e «he wankers p.e pw.ee«|ypr«ee«ee« by myerh me .«.e.« workweek: p. the acute«h.ep« e.« weyewce 67 Juan «whe, meh «ee«e.wee «wee2. .ewp«wyeIy .«w««wepw« N mphwwwze, (Examples or W;p.e provwded by Rol vpwg«wahae./ahwhpehwewe,vw «ee«e.wes.) Sezund, «he e.heh« rvew ehvssleepa being weep uhnrvc an by pehwphehew xecfiicmor «he wurkingclasx (. ...wp.p..«e, youth], php «he

HEW «me pw xtruggwe we heye .e«e..ep «p we emerg—

...p .......«.w« «pemzee wh «he pro 'nc=s.

Yhws peyewpphwem corresponds «p xom: pw «he feumras«hp« hep aka appeared pphwng «he wwz wave pw

wwIpep« xrrikes, ««e« abuve aH w« exhibits parawlelsww«h experiences wh p«he. West European counrrwes,

Social Democracy and tendencies(award the slmng stateu..up..e«epwy, «he Wen eemh spewpw ne...pe.peyhas hepe p Iv"! «p ««e .- h« under «he pressure p««he zmployes. A; mph: hp W «he. may wee «p hnhypepple, «he expwehe«:e.. For :« we ewhpwe; wh p perwudpmeg..p«we.h («F «he ewepe Mruggle, «he seewel De-mvtmcy

we pnwy «pe wwnwhg «e bww «.7 «he ehenepyew «he ehpwpyep n...w..p «he pus! ye... this he....peh« Mo «hwhg. we». wage eph«me«. and renresiionflgcinsi «he we««, ohwy a Hwubililfiiiun pw «he spa‘;Vflrl!<*Gfld~ we suppmiers phe ewee«e.ew bum, «hewphhzhg elm, wilw produce p zorrespending reflexah «he Social oe...pe.p«we parry, ppnwy wh «he sehhe« e. .hp.pehee« pmeee. ow‘ «ehhpw e e.e.««wp«weh,

Neyenhewep, «he FIIEXQFW pewwey er «he se««hwe«

ppye.h...eh« already her-uwds «we we of «he Sn)’;.wgh«w.« reveal, |whw«e «hp« EVE ee« by «he seewew

oehhpehpey-e ehwye re. pewrephe-ee.ye«we.h as a pp.«y.w«

eph gehemwwy be sa?d «he. w.. all «he ewee«:e.e aF

um php wp «hpee :9 «p. w.. W75 «he spa ha: ms-«ewhea hepyy defeats (losses beiween 2 End we per-cam); moreovsr, Hues: eeweep were pmpnrfionnfly...p.e xevere wh «he ew«wee. (lflstlmé cwfies, Wes!xaenwh for exehpwe, «he defects were pmponionallyeyeh hehe savere wh «he war .hg-eweee awx«.we«e.wAr «hp lean, «me MBQHS matoverawl ...ppa.««... «he

sm Omnrlg «he Whwhg erase waned («hp wax ex-plesxed wee«h wh ubwenfiorus and w.. ;hw««. «e we. pGv-«zeew; in mm: case; «he.e wee eyeh p 7urg€ sh.«« prbackward secliurs er «he working cwuss «mam «he

cuu/cw.the spa awe eyehy«hwhg «e epe«.wwe..«e «e peeewe«p«w..g«ha. process, hp«ehwy «h.e.._e,h :«e p.ee«weew pulwciex,pm pwep «hhpeph :«e whale phepegphee. Th: 5H:.2

rv(\/Er Nlmed «he real e..wp.w« er «he crisis, «he cupT—«ph'e« p.p«w« .y.«eh, find rhus eppwa be ruggtd byrighfisl Lkmtxgagy pp wpewr pewpp hpwhwy .e.pph.:«pweFor «he CY . n.«he., «he sm awe pww :« epewp «p

awyen e««eh=.eh from «he «h.ee« ew ..he.hpw_ey...eh«as«he hewp. «heme in «he ewee«wehe and weep rankAm «he favored «hem ..« the cnu/csu, -wwh«e.hew

-w with ma resuwt «hp« «he yp«e.e prelerred«p ep« «.7. «he cnu/csu, whaeh ollers ”z.e««e. gm.e..«eee" p« wh«e.hpw epeumy.

ww«h «he wewphpppwhg pw Wen Berlin cw chpwmehLp.e..e wwh whweh «he pp.« wpp«wph pr p.pvpep«ep..epmp. be ...wee« p.« m this «:me) p veady—made =x~mm: wm provided Vor wphwhp p «mhemep wh «he

sharpening p« represxwon, wh.p..phe.« «he precedingpenee, ppm wh «he pe«....w pewaey as «he govermnempha ah «he pa.Iwph.en«p«y eeppwe OW «he queslion pr“zhnemew securwvy, w- w« eeephe ewep. «hp. regurdkxsprpny awrremec. (me! p. rewehea‘. between «he

wye.h...e..« Dfld «he ep.epew«w...., «he.e was eeh....p..pg.ee...e..« mm hepheewye weewewpneh shouwd «.e

«peghehee (ww«h, emeeehhewe, mxvfcrinns OH eh:.wgh« «e ae...e.e«.e«e and «he .wgh« .e deFer\5L- wh

eeun, «he hphhwhg pr wwpweephap wh «uyp. pw «em.aha ywewehee"), «hp« «he ex«eh.wph aw «he state‘:represxivt power «heme ha eemwhpea («he pplwee,I!-re «eeemw border guard, «he ehhy), phe «he« «hepeppwe should becovm tlccuxmnmd «e wemew andeweepwhg mwds wwhe «heee e....wee« p..« in War Slrhnp««e. «he Lp.e... kwphpppwhg wh Tr: ppwehwp, «he

csu we..« pp «p. .e «p speak pw p so-ccned “hazycircie" DY Vevvorwsfis <.ep.eeeh«whp eh cspccio wwy pp..-gerous VErV0('w§m] «hm Tncludes «he eh«w«e Ierh eyehseclwom p« «he geye...-..eh« epewwhoh pm «me «hewe«« why; 9.‘ «he syn («he Voung Socwuwixvs) ehew «he

my me veehg ue...pe.e«ew.

We spa and «he can/csu are «enpwwhg e«w««e.eh.

«pen 3 under Vhese CTVCIINKIDHEES. whe sen and e.ee«wph p« «he cm are nressing ubuvu pu «he« "saw-wep.w«y pw eww dc-rnotvufis" T: necessary in «he p.e,e..«;w«..p«ip.. The h.pwe...«y es «he Cnu/csu .ewee«e «hpewweehphpewhg «eenwe wh «eye. ereh pne.hp« «e pweee«he «pwp...e ph «he yw|wpw..e er «he sm. rpwp.e« «His

phh, «he .w9h« WTHQ p« «he ch.:e«wph De...pe.pey,repvesenred by Strauss eha «he csu pupuwhe u....eh xharper «pene «he« e« he««e.h Ieprexems «he

nvutegy oiesrub ehwhg a wrong siufie Strauss‘:rroin pw «he.gh« FUHS as fowwaws:

w. "w pepehewwy hpye eeweheee «he view rharwx...e only p« «he hegwhhwhp pr «he ehwsp.

w

««.w..w. «h..««we ...;h p« .«p«e nhpheee w« eph«w....w..p ceuxelesxly.

. . whe ...w.. or «he hphe eep..p.hy eke pmceed-mg glep by .«ep, «he ....pH and hhweawe areas bewhg..-ee« svungly e«see«ee "

2, "rhe crisis hm «peemhe peep enough «he« ..he« wehpwe necessary we. «he cure em. begin ph .. pe««e.

yxychnlogiufl baxk man when ms»: today. Mm»pgople urn mu \/mg beyond men means. Sefiauxreadiness For belfiw gblening does not yer ex?s?,"

“There :5 no) the dighresi dfiferenae bemeen :nm~um gungskers ma pnvmcnv anex. meym :71 ofthem Vuwbrenkers And Ffwz understand rhktmdam up properly, none oF mg... mu day: «.7 openI|\27r mamk Tn Gnrmany for the (As? of mg century. "

3. "The n-gm mac fnday :5 only mamnunn andwomzngs, W nm nanmg any concrete Fanny} “

“Bette! a heavy vnnanan and a mung increase Tn

unenprnynm, never #0 wake a\|owan<es Far me

ruin of mm Finance «nan Va appxy mm we mm mbe cane necessary iomuflu , . . Things mus? gm»;-mnmuy worse before we haw me pruspezvcfi ourconceprs, warnings, and prcpcsnls bfing pomzmuymum. “

Them zxzerpfis nan rhe "Sonrha\‘:n-tr xpeech, “ whichnus xinm became Eamon: [or znmnom), xhaw mmStvuuss rs tomb‘: al aFFcrTng a dear pevxpecfivecm the am he rcpnscnh. an. man was givenre a closed mecfing aFC3U pamunen» nnnnben,bur in cement: became known fihrvugh anHon \ my ax» shww rim 5.. rv.'o|Ts!'\cuHy ussesxesme cuncnrsram of me overall rsbfiunship av fmcasTn sacicfiy and Mcrcforc propulex the Mark: or mungdash-ucrlvc crinsfsrm and »...—n Jyang in wan,Sfimuss knows Mai we Hme Ts nut ye? rT_ue cm theesmblfxhmenr Dr a ‘Wrong mm" wirh c mng exam-live, rnuzzhng or me parflamemory bauvgenfs uppmT-lion, sharp rtprcsfiun agazns» fine revohniunary um[\'nI:\ud'mg bars on ovganizurionx}, and, abuve an,a palpable wenkcning n+ rmawnzon ngnn. annu-worn, he mm; m renmn In ~n. wings as a candidatecan we chunceHm:Mp, and}?!-1:75 jean Va mna ofmg head u/H Mm: govemmanl, men he must playat bemg u Strauss rm He wmfld och/aUy wafer no?m bu.

While mg ovtrull nxmamnzp of force: stands Tn

n. way gr Ike ammnmen. of u Xivong me, n is

am am the pvaenv mmmon reprexems a threatm m. revulmimvary ‘eh, which 7: mn generallyTsehmd ivum me wurking cm

PerspectivesIawng as e um DUF rmegmng ana‘ysTs and Pb: shm;n the relufiunxhip of Farce; smce wsv genemHy;n «am or an; working chm, some of me perspec—five: ‘ur me coming pefiud can be enummled:

‘\n on snon run, we smgruufion of struggles by nn.cone section or the working arm mu continue. sx—

cannons .9 mg nu: win occur In the case: or work-

crx whuse guns are cuncmely lhrecnaned (pessawy\/W-Audi/NSU Neckunulm, iorexampln). meNay Day demoruvmfiorl WT“ in some wnmwe pm-yme an expression of VP»: extent .5 wM:h mg newmwnon nus cleared mg nmmy cor-mtmuxnessFor fresh ciamumggle respm-5:5 among mad sec—Mum qr me walking clam.

‘IF the expecred ecmvomic nub zulion extendsWong» -In: surmrer, struggles an a mm. levelare Hkuly this sun. A: Ohm H»-ne, bcginrfing Vrcm

u fcvorubb pnshinn of nrengrh, the warkevstry Va nuke up my the InsuFfl'ciencTa or the connmmsigned earlier.

-rn confirm! m 195?, lb: wade-union bureaucracymu 5; prepared for Mn srruggbx and under lamecTrr.umsbancex wu quiddy Mk: up mm xfruggkszn me unvm. wm. mas implies me dangr of mm5?rv§V& being czmnnexea, Hake neurvs H-mta newan berween the pan.-.y or Pl»: 59:79‘ Den-no:ravTcgoverrmlem and the pnrcy 5? me m=—un:nn ‘sud-elship wan upen up.

mnm ma» lime, me muvked developnenr of newstruggle: and new rm; fxrmggle Wm conlfnue.mg cur. comfiburc fign 'cnm|y Va HQW layers be 5,$uccexsfuHy drawn Tn by mg expected $1rugg7ex,pmymea Ham me Isaluflun emcn snuggle: is brokendown

"WT)h\'rI me Social Democracy, hue mu 5. aurengvhening or mndencies pursxflng n demagogk:pcfiry or u ckzs mnrmnmnnn, no) as the maul) DV

conzmve nruggles between wage-hbarund capnuv,um nmm in N15 form or nxznipubfing givtn eyenvs,a bum, etc. flue sm: h xalrecdy made a stun ;n

5 dimcrfarw mm. H: m umzun u1Srmuss's Sun-fhokner xpeech. Seen from rm; mnapoxny, h isplausible cnm the elecmra‘ ram 9? me sm rn thegown; elecfians an NRW, mg mus? huponunr mmD/Wen Germany, the (me mm the largest warkTng—

um bme, Wm be xelmiveiy small.

Fm mvolu nary Marxists in the prexem SM/avian,n is ofdec iv Tmpeviunca in mm nu we or ms"mm?ng p m' iluofiovv an M1: wmkzng am, mznmyene the eydsnng dais shuggks, and «a pm»pm: Far yn. amicipafed struggles.

March 25, 1975

xx

japan—

thepoliticalcrisisof thebourgeois regime

aetaa :a an Tnrcrvicw mm Co-Nada saw, 0 mcrvher ar M: PuHF:u\ Bureau at nna

Jcnan Reaawananary caynnmm League, Japanese section oi me saann VnV¢mm7ur\a\

Ahour ten days‘W65 chaser! as arnne rm'nT5?e' bv

rhu uamx Dcmucvcfi: parry Juw), av’ which heMu: enennan a- -ne nne Mi sannee nu gm/em—r-v‘n‘ an Deeenaa 9

man 50 mmcn? charge has a vexy impuh‘an’s\'gn'\‘-'v.'Incv Jr »ne pr<5enrJapv.1n:se simafion Tunuka*€mes=.w‘-.d We w7H Va ea uc me e><auns'mnT:fi

ae . y »nannaJ pve«/w'mJ1\y gnidtd nna aeva>epnan—av’ Jdvvweie cLm?'c|=3m To do VHV ne nae wedcedcut a anan 'Dr reccshng me eeananee sfirucrurv aiJnpan maaan wen ea, 5?; as W: many uNru—hvg‘\—

aneea rc1'\‘w-:yH'K': VS:-e Qt/wféme \ntemur'mnu\e,No M, Apm \5—Nay 1:, 19'/4\Bu! ma Mm aaaennnenn 15 ubundovfing VHS cxparu3'mw'x5r poH:y ma enanae ean aka be re‘? .n rneaa:-mea: avcnc \"/‘non Tarvuku was eVecred he wasVe'y unpuiav among me eaaawanan amen naa beenruken an ea my) anan He lea ane a= rhe mos:Tmplriam raenan; af ma LDP Mi : an we anne.nane, due: na~ represema naamananvyaannananvawe... an we Japanese bourgems puny He wasWe spukesmcn ’m a naanan man was a xv-nuH mTnor—

"y Ina: me LDP xnaa VD mm: mm prime mirfisficv-n sympmmaflc ac «ne dkinfiegruiiencf me relurianxMu? naa been mainimned bemoan me LDP ana megcvcmrmnf an lb: one nane and ma Japanese massesan «ne 00-were

The Tunaka eae;ne: w7H have been We last a; me

u

naama.naJ bowgr.-u'm gaaa.nn.ane, we wave 70 We

Mm govemmem vcpruenk a deep break W n 1!»:

nay naee 9‘ bourgeois _aeJ eax nave .n Japan,ck {hm reflecrs ma aaaaauan at me gene ar

maanan ar Jnpanem eapnauena and me Fmcvvsi :n—nan a: who cw ma av me L'xbcra1Dcmacro7i: par);/,ma cnly buwgenfj govevnrrem army ;n Japan.

wmzacox can you awe demiis an me cause; ananame ar M1: bvenk?

SAKAJ, me Jaaan .baanaaa-a;e is new Lunlron§c<l

awn rhyec essemiul pvvobbms:‘Hm eeanae Me? has cccurred :n M: jgncrcdsfmarinn an East Asia.

~1ne eeanaee who! have gone an an the Japawcsaeconomy;

‘A eea;nn:na of rhc aeaa fivnnsiavnafion cf thepu\'HI::|\srru<hJru V-H Japan,

As Var as me eeana c {motion :3 cancerncd, Japanhm Jen me aenaa Div-:ryr:I:nd gmwfi-1 mas champTevizcd une we ding dccudc n nae emenee a E-naaulslmv gravvh, ana V‘-0 wHo‘<> r‘cBnDm'\¢ maananTs aann“JnT‘reaby this quchlstive aemne in me growthmm. in am, For Vhc rm mne sanee ms, Japanms meanaeny gripped ay 'er.s5s1nrv. Aeeanavna 70

the Varesr figures, the gross nananav produci ranby v ,5 itrcenl zn rem‘ term). xaan-~ mean manythat we an’: heuafing into a period ameexzne, ea.n 75 cerium ¢na~ gmwih Wm be awaw.

A5 Jar as me neaaanal maanan is concerned, mepre\/Tau: eaamenann Hm aeen broken. W11; ea...na—

rrerrr had reme expecTuHy on the rrrmrery and eeneree: presence aFAmervcur1'm-:perTu\i§minEns? Asia(5n:ukhemVAsia and me For E437]. Mmrerzzy, Jeeeenexe Tmpeflulism is very weak. re \'nl=(v:nIion Tn

me re9Tun is eerrmrrea wirh me: ev me U,SeA r

Tokyo‘: presenzc is t554:nM'u“y ccononfic Dnd r‘man—

eaex. me mix}; es u.s. eerrrrrrerrer. in Easr Asia —iflusvrmed ey rrre rcurluvrufon of American d‘rp\u—

wucy -re vegavd re me People‘: reeeeerre DFCHHGere: rrre pmgrexx er me rreeerrrnesc rcyemerr — :5

eemrreenee re knuckfng eerrr Japanese TmperTaHSm

and me dictutorful regimes are me ree-rer. err balance.TH5 ls ozggrtwaved ey me economic cr 5 zreeu,

we» exphim, verexemexe, me an ‘mamas VIKH

rreye emerged in me r:\ah'L7ns eerweer. Tokyo eeeseem, enmeegre Wexe rehliorn rerrere aims.M 1: me combmmion or‘ me thongs; that rreye ee—

cured rr me eeerrerr:e and re-ereerweeer giwuriomMar :5 ereyeme e bfiginrvng ere ceneerremerchange :rr Jupanesc paliricul sfrucfinre,

sr-ree me Karean war, Jupnncse govern-v-sums meflwuys been guvarnnmnis rerre Erry, me uw,WMCFV :5 Me enzy beereeee goverrvnenf eerry. M

was mound rre eerry and rm Form er gavemmerfl»rer 7}-we Japanese eem;ee< eyere e 'ubHshed e cer-‘u'm xrabflny rrrerr rre meexe o‘ 'r~e ‘V505 re mewee-70 eerzee_ mer -re

ere er rhc meme! ereree-‘erkncs 9? Japcneié bowgems democracy.

TH; sh./clurc has now emz.-red rrre cxfsis, Ema ee .reel (fish, re such ee exrcm me: ere can say reerme M qorv:mvnem H be N): [am er the mepurfiz gavcrmvcnfis Yoda;/, n ‘cod 9 Ms,Er.-bare; ere eearrg err eeee: n mmrc “caolmcn guy-<'mmcru.“ In Fact, rem are ewmeey seem-remeeeer wrrer eeemaee gavcrnmcm ml! ee needed:ymh Mgfivvrocruhc seererer party res», a n'ghv—

ere sphfi From me seerex nerreereey\, Ware M:pe y~bm/rgeais Buddhfsr xerrrer perry, cvw\'Q‘\ cmcfiion es me seereuer eerry.

wmcox. ore e ‘be exerrexee you eeye er meflmngts rrrer have eeeerree in me regTov\aV shunx we dWTcu|h'cs war have emeee hvsrwcen Tokyourd Seoul, ceexe yee exexe-rr more preckcly me:..reree»:er, huvwcen we eeyeveereeer e: me 5TYuu—

(Tun: r-rr Scum Kmeu and JDDM7

SAKAL Um cuvrcvvsifiuaiimv rrr Keree has rmeerree.rree er m rer Japan. M reer, m View er VH2 rrre—

mu|:c{a1TonsHnl<iugNvc Ma counfifics, rhc >i|ua—Han in cash one Lanna? be eneryzee scparutcly.

we Sour}-w Kmeaa reerre er Puvk Chung nee rx baseder. rwe key -rrrrerrrerieren Fcamves: u,s. rrehrery

and eel Teal eemrrrenerr Tn me regier. and me eee-rremze inrervenifon or Japanese imperiolisrr.

re weer, r :5 :~n‘y We re,g?ona7 ereserree er u s.rrrreeraers r Ihar (Wow; Pear re eerry eer e sevnruLu-:1 ma§Tvc reereeererr eee- )a muzzle eey eeeeuerexpresfinn of ree eeerre es me masses re reervryKorea. we Park regime Wm an everrem Tn we Tmpe~rrexeo Xysfiem ahncd er isererieg «re P¢np|c‘: Repub—hr: of Chm and rhe Democuarit People‘: RepubH:er r<eree {Nonh r<eree>. Lrkewrm, rr was n12 /:7me cnunlfies er mm rruuas re seem Vfeirrumrrxeee rraapi e e u repwuan we eerey er rerrer,

. F\'nuHy, me Park Chung Hee regime was esfiabhxhedm direct and class re\ah'an mm Tckyc. xeverzereeerweee me two eeerrrrres were iormaHy nD'rm:HzedTn was, and errer ma me cxpon er Japanese cua—rm: reeeeee Mr. scape me r fimnsfnrwed vbe seer»Kervun economy rrrre err economy eareerxy dnpendcmerr Jupuneye (mpen'aVTsm.

Mu-rrerny and pD\'Hi<:uHy, rm Park regime dcpendser rrre um-ree Smrcx, e<onorm':aHy, Hdepends anJeeen.

we mm fmpasad on werweeree by me suzcexs 35me Index: mes: reyewerzerr irwolvcd me recogrlfioner hc People‘: Reeeexze ercmrre. Yhe Jupamscere me same erre,e1e e mm me Unhed Emmi,were ‘-rm: ‘reed eeeeem c<:e><'rs!ence~" amongcmee, vhc Sovier‘ ueee, and me Unfmd sreree.Obv'\uus\y, this rrew errerreoree deah e Xfiarp ereere me South Karvnn rag-me. xr ree re rry re reee-reerre puHcy -resr at e fin-re merr me Korean masses,eereezyr-rre the wcakrsss u‘ u . eerr-enrrrr mm!r,, rm Wltakrvcss es me Tnvernatlunul hacker er rrrereerrrre), eeeerr re move, Durfng W72, W73, and1974 me yeem, eeeye uH Ch: smdnnrs and imeHc:—reee, waged an -rrrree mm campaign eeesrer we re»gvmr and «er me vewv cufinn oF me eeerrry '54-4:

wwzscow, No. H, Ocrober H, um» Park was:DnvP¢Hcd h: engage simuhcmceusly .e u eeney errnrerrret rcereeeree and rerere - nu‘ reer; "ewe...rrr fan, hi: rcpre-senrafivc was :ompeHed re eeerrsrre rem communique war». we repvexemarivn e; r

-

Democrufic People‘: xeeeene on rrre very qucsfiinn0' me reunvficwion Hm: was being demanded by#56 rerereeee demonsfirufions rrr we seem.

we mpmssion eerraee Bu! by me sect:-Q eenee vrreKeree cerrrrer rereureenee Agency, KC1A)wa:

ed em. rre kidnuppfng in Japan err erKrrr nee Jung, e eeeereere rrr me ereezeeur-rex e\L-c-Hon; 9‘ ms, and we Vomed Harv’ r re Suulh Korea.Lrimwka, Mo Japanese, e iournalisv and e reeerrer,

em arvencd m seeex and accused er suppnrfmgme oppasincm re me rcgirmz. neeuy, on August ls,

-

tens

1974, an unsuccessful snack on rrre erererer ParkL5

Jgpanwas cam-ea Du? by mm Sc Kwarug, a Korean whohad lrequcnfly nyea in Japan. Thc guvemmem menorgunhcd enywepenese dcrrmvwmufiam in seam.

sznee Hm was: movemznr was deyewapang, we re—

quirtmems er pamveax reprexfinn TmEo§ed a dermi-oraflun in (he rekltians between the two governments;n questiun, a derefiumribn ma: neifihev guvemrramwants. Ac rne same rima, after me kidnapping MKim ne Jung, Korean rafldems in Japan be n toM967 1: a.-. supper? er me nayenen» nf oppox onta Vhc Seoul regime. (mm are Elbow? I menKorcens in Japan, the rum‘? ac an immigrufian manolmn leads to per unent refidency —— VNPRECOK.)F'JnaHy, this mub zanan a: me Karean immigrantcemmmiky an Japan Wm Tn mm direcfly znmeneeaby we devehpmem ar muss movemenrs Tn Japan ix-—

mu. So ye. ean see how Vhe verz fact er me in>:r~nc!-rafion of me Korean and Jupuncsa regimes and

eannnanmes yew is in five movement aw amifionta me Park dzenacnnmp becurmn ane ar me p¢rmu—nenc fuckers eoaw ‘mg Io snnprng the e mmFace av Juan. This is 1: new and very pormn!feature In me situation, even T! J» :5 am only em—

bryorfic.

Under rhese condhions, me Japanese guvernmemnew not eennnae Va su;>povtSeaul mo eaenry. AndPark Chung He: was in urgpm need nlecunomkeaeean nan me Japanese buuvgecflsic. He thereforeaaenaea a more uexzme paney, relnnxing we «weJapanese wna had been anenea and, n» we 2nd ofW74 and me begznnnng of 1975, ‘rceing some orMe parmear prixuners, umeng fhcm me pee» m

cm Ha. mg, iv nus» be srrcssed, was done undevme dime? meme er me ms mwvemerfi. In mgeemex», Tokyo and Sewl were ub\e Va reduce theirtactical canvrudicfionx and evenly naeyexap Jupo—

nexe poH\?:a\ and ecanumk sappan Fur Vuk ChungHue.

Neyenneiess, me 5

Fur me Sourh Kurean regrme cm Ha, me W-efic Jeeden, ena me other panneax prisoners wnanaye been relcasad are wegvng an aenye ¢am_uaTgnaguimfi pan ana are vT9orous‘y dnnouncing me inr-mres «ney were 5ub'JL-tied M :n prixon by Wu KCKA.The na:enn-ax For mobilifing npposhion re me regTmevs enormous; Tn mu, m eyen erreen the semen.Park ha: Wear in n-nncuver. Nevertheless, T T)

Ebisflfle ma: mfiwm be important polificflfi

gTpbdons er Ih-c shin ““‘egsrfa ng

me mung yea

wfi _,me Tmpdc? .n

JaEn was be y.n“ygem, n w za*‘eea hfidb ewfor me Japanese bnurg<a'JxJ'c.

TM: is an exempre er new we nencaloniul panay

«miki, on the amnot Ijepresent adommant curreJapanese bourg

6"’ "’ “”"‘ "““‘ . .4‘>Z3:‘23x«{§:x'§1C"{(<IIiIi

.W ‘

ii VNPRECO Law; 59 back :9 the guverrmvem polik. Em! MT 5 in Japan. Van mamianaa ma ways Tn

~ which Iaaaina circies wave posing ma quesiiun ofa aaaiinm. aayem...m. Bu! me some pressure mmaisa be weighing on lhe opp Hon iaiaaeiaas, a..aespec uy ma workers urgarfizafiuns. Who? Is thesiiaai n here”

,sAi<Ai. FT-sr u! an, we cuts! rem‘! the sfluclure ar

:7?!upanese walkers movement. There are we ma.» national m.\de—unTan Iederuiimu, The Den-vei, nam-~ wing, S based aaaa any on ma big companies

ma anyaiaaeamiy he So}-iyo, ian reiornfisi, is(; rmTn|y implunfed In ma public xetler (railroads,,,, Pm, Ielagruphs, and relephonns, lea:/1‘

so on).

y ma Demacrufic Suchlisfi puny is izakea to me Da—1 mg? The Sahyb nppdrmvx Ix iarae4y mnaiica byy the So: I pflriy. On me other hand, fin: s.v due:

no) reafly Hay. a Envy apperams or its own. A: carthe Japcnexe Communist party, it reprnserlfi a rathersiaaii am minamy in me Suhyo. Maren»/er, Tr mkexaayamaga of a ‘urge naficnul uppamms Va wage irsaiaaiami and parHai-nL-Mary campaigns.

we Democratic Socialist party is a very sun“ mi-§ aamy in parliament riiai aa asaai fen sears)m1d113?; my weak paimaaiiy. ma Sociulisr party has

,, chain a hundred members ar aaiiiami, wmai. is’«'

)cn rim 0: many as me Japanese Corwmmiit pdfly.A; far as me workers movemzm is concerned, H is

a the Socialisv party that has ma greakst porliamcnmryinfluence. But the 5» is a.yiaaa ay deep tendencysrwgglcx.

in main currems are emer g willfin the 5? andia yaaii. araaaiaanan on ma ques .a.. of in: compaaiiiaa ch: finale coalihon gavemmem. The JimT: we Kyakai (Sodufisv Sm ry) Fa or Kauvsky—ixr pamiasxaa, Tr IX dominant Tn me 1mde~unii:nup~

9 pflrvws, expecmlly in the post was and ma rfllI>

' ' mudx. rm; m:de—unTan burcaucmcy is under directy ’, pressure Yrvm ma mnkmnd ‘Vc workers in the pubH=' Secfiov. ma aaiaaama struggle aaaiaai ma cs» Tn

at in the : ma unions, but at Ihe same iime may arc prepflred‘

0 ' in amp: aaiiea Fronts Wm: the CF The Kyukui Fuc-

eotsparty» :;:.::::::‘‘;'ri “

Against rhe KyokaT facfion a bloc has been farmudrhcramnums lo the cmbryw ar a aaaaiaia aaam-ianVendency In ma SP. me No raadaa of mi; aiaa areKuzo Sumki and Subaru Eda. Eda represenis an openlyrighvwing w ma the aany. saxaki, on the amarhand, VS ONE ar ma reaaaa of the Ian fendency inme SP, a iendency man was Fumred aguTmI Eda; he

,,TX PVOVC ' 32. am now may are making a bra: to’oppmc a couli an mm ma cr and are seeking to

,, obtain a aa..»w-wan guvemmem. hsbauid be naiea17

JA PAV

Tj—?mar wemng bod supporwd H-we Tunuku gpyeranrenr(amen caused same Japunexe Maassa ra refuse inaayanae Hagan; eamne car me gDvemmcn\‘s ayer—#Hrow) ana roday would We ra see a ea..rer.Ieneeernan a+ rne LDP, whc Komel rxaaaanm), ana rnesw, am the cw extluded. rne Eda-Susaki map 75

yery weak .n rne rraae—..n'ran n.ayerner.r -rn rne p.1b—Ma stztuv. M rs new seeking ra dc»/clog Ms ;nuae..eeamong 0»: bureaucracy of me lradn-union movement:n rne puvcnesecmr (Mat ;s, among lhe r:gnrw-rngpr rne fir€Ide—urVon eppararas).

As for N1: Mne L7? ma canrrnanrsr parry, M has a c7cs—saeal papasanrraer o'w'cn¢ahun. M calls For rne 1ur—

na~;an er a ncI*?nna\ dcmncrufic eaamaan gox/nm—near. me ix rne way we cw re rcacfing In Ms ex—cluskln by me sw, rne Edu»5asul<'w wee, ana maKume' Ina premni pmpu5u\ of rho cw h for a cwe5P—Komm—DSP eayernnsenr. Hm M would uczcpr aplace for a b aears parry r'r. T95 sn—caH/:d spciafisreaawan govcrnmenr. Thm vs me gencrm x.ne errhu cw.

rnis arrenraraan nasr be aaaersreaa ;n rune Frame-wovkoFa pan-rpalarxy rranremne nverDH \

ne. The Jupa—ntse cw has drawn me ‘mien: er rune (wean eaaa'm the sauamng aay- rna army was pmvoked byrne "radTcn|Tmfion“ of rne Su<:in\'xsfi parry. canse.aaenny, rne 0

Y5

rnare and more earnrnnrea to da-r‘endFng use e-ryr-x order or aaaraaeas aenperaey. weprbivlennfic dowfinares we wnare aw ‘us pa .ey.Here are a my exarnpxee~|n rna rraea urfiuns me aer-ryny of rne Japanesecw ‘us rarrner new Vhan rnar ar me sw bvrcnucracyan we sanye. me bureaucracy is preaa.ee Io area-n- e sane rcunamk: smrgglr.-5, whrle rna CF15 vcryr. nr an rnr-s aa:n- During rne sprrna 1974 smkes,ma Sccialisr bureaucracy was speaking of a eaneraxsvrikc Ar me some Hrwe, rne cw was brealdng maswkn of rm. enep. xn aarng this rne cw explarneamar rlrn reeeryere are ear wnrkevs Him we amp,mar may are respanszme beForc ma masses, ana rMarrney how «a rake accmmr pr rne enuaren, me D<Ir—

ears, and me eannnranmes, ana rneracare eanna» 9aan strike Hke mm, vea :au\dn‘7 irvnginc a mareearaeryarrye M-ner M was new rar rne Japanese cw.

‘Another e><ump‘e' nre cw :s nvw waging a yeryvehemem aarnparan aaasnsr we Euruku L-rparavrLeague. nne aarawa are a lag rhavwus arrzr myexcluded rran Me easra syslcm wen ir was eraarsn'm preaapnansr Japan, They Hy: raaemer rn rnesame \/Wages and are eenrrnea In raps mar era con-sidered "Frvrpure“ ey saaamsm, such as work in run»neries. Vn spzre aw me dxssuhnion ar me cmrri aaaone raer mar ea ernnae ar renazaas amerenee sep—urures mern rrern errser Japanese, rna Bwukus remaina nrzaerny mar xuffers aaerwna..arr'er., appreesraa,ana superexplohnrian — INwr<EcoR,)us

ne Buruku movemem nae cremcd as own raaseavana aan.aar:ye wfng: Vhe Euruku Lib~:vurTon League.M has earrrea mu) many ucxioru aarzna rne pas! renar Hfmeu years, css=miaHy :n me rn..naa;paM-rzeeand Vuczflurets, the "cumrwn as rney are<aHsd Fm Japan. They have won mparmm sauces»simvx in rna..y mumcipclilies. nzeeenny, the mu»/e—

nenr rank an a rnmram churucmr, For Me er mreeyeaa the cw Mas been cunsrunfly Liencunfing arenpyernenr.

on seyera: ouasiom rne cw Mas a-ryzaea rne Leagueana nae cannea blocs ugamsr Tr wirh rraamanat aparegeek turrenk an Japan. raaay Mexpxarns rnar H11

Leuguc was rarrnea by a gang er adventurers, rnarM :s a yzexenraraapana nan re a\ae.na znaaeseHon me gems rhafi rne League naa pvevlausly wan:n we mvn\'c'\wuUHr:s, ms :Irn~/uked we remparuvybreakup cf vbe cwesw rnar.r*er*pa1eaaM- n an Tokyu,wnreh backs up we peasant aayarnar of the eaaaral,wypu-reM: Minohc. rnrs eaaM-nan has been rannarn Yokyo Far mghr years. Ms preamp mean! rne ax.mus! cerrara vlcrovy ar me canservufivex ;n ma ncxr‘elecriunsa M mok rne znreryanrran of Fvendw swreaaer wranpaa Minevmnd, wha eassea rnraaanJapan rnree weeks aaa, ra pwck up we pvecss aerhe nM raepxye rne basis arme araaxen w-rrauy,rn .rs pay.-rnnenr prcgrum «Me cw aaeeprs rna mnm—¢enov-mt a; me SeN—Dcr‘nn5e Fumes, aexs-rna wh'\c\»rne aaareaarere is rccamposmg Ms army, a-eaaneeaever H1 aecaar -rn rne second werxa war.

Av bonnm, an Mae er‘ the Qcenormc ana soon‘ zflsfxand ane eaneceaenr f'mun<w'u7 armaarraes ar me mu—nidpa‘ :es, the cw :5 uskvwg rne massbs re acccpva vcvFDnuHzuH'un pr rna cap'HuHs7 economy in as aerra praea ;n danger rne “national unlfly" of Me papa.\uN'on. The cw Mas dvcwn rne 'v\o5Vr1gH3§7oms'wb\eweaans «rpnr cnxe. we canernanpr parry rearmnpa serapas ubnazle ra rne eeepenrna a= rna eress srr,e—g\e In Japan.

mwnecow new does we (ervfing campaign of Hwy-g‘: Fm wage increases ‘oak Fur ms sprrnnw

SAKAK. In 19% rreuaren was rhc key qvrsnon tarthe Japunem werwna class. During rasr year‘: xpvlngwaaer eyrerrszya wc aaw a dc «aera general err-rue orseveral MHHOH warkcrs (we wwwgcon, No. 7,Seprtmber 5, mm reaay rne qmrsrion ac rne eea»ncmi: recessinn has been addcd re mar :5 Tnilulicn.unernawaynenr is aaaenrang nassaya. Accarding rap.rne:a\ “gums Vhcmselvcs, rr -rs reaemaaw nrameaand gomg even mener Mn Notch me name yrmrea:h1,?7D,UUO], me» a, ubour2 pe.ee..« errnework rarae. Ana Mrese npares eaneeai a very manreyer arareserenrpneyrnenr. 1.aaa—a an soumes put

.jeme number of unempbyad ar 2 rvuH'mn ene me num-ber er eenaeuy enenexeyee nr berween 2 and A

nm;e.n.

Luyufis and reducfiom er me wmkweek arc eeeyeen eneenne wenen, workers e: the rnee:-nnezeee‘admits, and «enneeneny wwken n me we een.ee—n=ee [in which neny workers ban: from me enn-e 1: er "er-wploymem «er H€e"\. Ova zne Hus eeenzhmhsmed, and me’ deck e sharp blow to wagesfilm? neye ewneeey eeee eroded ey inflafion.

The baurgtckie -e weexne e my huvd campaignagefrm we eenne mebF|'xzuVnr\: vn ee;enee er wagzs.And me cr is yenenenny eweewng me develupmemec Economic sivuggles The Vrud\'7iuv\u\ 7mde»um'onleudershxpx offer ne semen to we problem. rn meworking class, rne gtneval Vcnduncy :3 toward enIncrease m eemeenwy, Em Mere Ts ne ewuner-wenuh'anuV weeeeeme aneeeeneenrer ma 5?, 0-, or’DsI>. Tne bourgeoifie T5 exe*H'v5 prlssum N: makeme Nude-urfion uppcmzms accept the zondhforu InNuke me cL1p'x?aH:‘ eeeneny eremeewe, and me crhas ulveudy Folded. nne Sohw e new eneeenee eeeeeaex congress to dkcuxs the xprmg nrugg\5. Then:e we chuncc me: me bureaucracy wm ee cum-plzfieiy unified.

we have *0 help an vne development ev uncompro-nnmne struggles e ding! Ihe bankruptcy uf me nudi-nenex bureaucranzed weeeeemee ene uguirm wepopu\al—lmM une of me cp. An Tndepzndem qeneeeney has in ee weeeenee. we can predict me. melrude—um'on new w:ne wm znereeezeexy run Th

e- cumes, eyen ;n we bagkwavd xecbar, me prvote xecfiur. We mun we prepare an Tnfiervenvion'm we sector as wen.

n as dclkare .e try M ;Ir\=Jdin:7 when wm neeeee duhlung ewe nod spring campaign. Em wneo muvbenoted is mu! H-we eeneexge wiH mark we eeen-meer e new pcriud er worker: xlrvgglcs do»-v:'maved eyPM new neuenex and micmalianul econumh: xifimrnee. M T5 :n Hui; conrexv me: we mus? undevsrundme rT5Hfi‘\§?Cvo‘u4Iones the !ro:('Muna\ Ieeeeenaeeturd the impoduncc rnereeyewesee we sneeeneuguimf «ne are anemwhon and For me csrabIis>a—

mam ev en mdcpervdem eieewneeexe Ivzndcncy dw—

mg we nexV Ma er three yeee. Yhc eemneen eir—

cenennenen wnn Vrm wwfinzmg ciass :g going 79 :2c—

cclenave |_n Fact, we e.e ereeeesy enveting me eperee ev regroup cm ene reeennees: 'en er ewe

workers neyenen

we must inrervene Tn me in en eenye, polmccll,and anrerneueeemwey, nci eely wm. e View ~e

cennane e neneeex :76: -enegexe rervdcncy, burcflsoto clusdy nnkane we Hghiaf Kb: Japanese wuflxrtrsto me struggle eeaee waged eeesee: Japanese :nee—rvenem in me enme rrgion.

wwzecox. re conclude, could you MN m imme-

rmnfichew the work er one Jopanesz xecfian er meFaurth \nfiernuHn:nu‘?

SAKAI. vn e enen space Ir is ?mpo:sib\: Io describeen of our eenymee, which ere very nun-Cmus induyAnd

x

eeye bee-1 nu? er Japan emne the was! rtcenrucvicm we have weeea. am I

een ewe you en weeer we main themes of our Trwervemian

x

We saw:examples er our acm/wry Tn me lacmfie: and anunalysix elee. elecmru‘ campa7gn an yne lam TMer—

yxew zeee numcon, we. 7, Sspiemher 5, mm,in her: I ww mention some emen areas.

we aeye iusr Hnhx e ee..re.e e .,e;ry;ne me weerevuluiianary yam}-1 urgamzuvions me» had exixvedpr=vTDvx|y (sh.-dents, n;gn—eenee4ee, and youngworkers). Thurwus We Fmmding eeniereeee er me

cennwnm veer» League. (See "News e: we \4V|>rk-

ee Nnvemtm“ :e was ksue of rmwzzcoaz Var ee ee-caum of the mnfercncz-.)

we are also prcpaflng me Furrvvafiow af e new 5a—5755757 urgunTzm1e>-Var women. ae». me man andwomen n: fink of uur moverrem are eenymg encunxmnr and guxfing wed»: with wnmcn warkcrs andwhh huusewivex In me pupukir nfigkborhabdsy an73:: lu<:uHfic5, end an we enaene rn order to enuyHwefr meeexee Tn me some ewes; hunt.

we neye develuped Tmpurfunr wurk ;n wHdurF7y wirhme movement nguhvsv the Pen. dicramrship in seemKoren, And we weye begun work an eeueemy wmthe smiles ee;ne waged ey H-1: eeeesee ofSeurhca5rAsia agams! me neeeexen;e| regimm. (see wm.con, Ne. 2, Seprember W, 1974.) we are punk-zeenee especially .n we Inform n Ctmer en AsianPufincul Prisoners, wnne aka eennnmee our ewnL1nM'—7mpeH'I:H5fi work m East Awe.

Ukcwise, we are conr.1e¢e‘y manifesti nurse‘?-durivy with the Bwvku movemem, tsp:-cTuHy urovml7|-4 rn-e4 ev Kuzuo lsmkawu, e young Buraku y:ee-n.ized ey discximfmrory ‘“,emee“ ene semented [ivymdcurl-1, lave: in we imprkurvwam. on October31, 1974, mm er H-woummis er eeeexe massed inFran? er the town m were». we men was eeaee en.Var :e pen, the Japanese cw held W5 ewn neenne,e very enen ene, and refigsed in yean ‘m we wedemonsrruficn bccausu er we re}: eweyee ae ‘n bywe Bumku Liberation League, we av: eke eee~;n—

umg our eenyny ;n soHdurHy wm. the peusunvs evSanfixukd in «hex. dc:adc—Von9sVvuggle again! weeenmenen of the new invernaiicnal ewe rr '1)’:

wwye. [Sec INPRECOR, Na. 7,Sep!=mbir5,1‘?74e]

on Oclvbcr vo, W74, some 5,000 eeeexe respondedto me call of we Sanrizuka Peuwnl ue.en ene mmnee. the uirporv. we bmughtumund 900 nuwenw,me hrgcsrconvinugenlofany urgunizufion \'hTsas—sembly was e succesx; ns Funnrinn wax «e prepare

19

JAPAN

_jjj__ma cannnp confmmuliem ma. mu mke place :1ma pvermncnt was to Mar down we iower thatme peasants nay. pun: an the runway up preventme anpan ham being used. Some ofow mifiranrswere unexved dufing the demmvxvralian ma. ranaweamp assembly. We nww have exctlkrnt rnmmal re\u—iiaru mm the Sanrizuka Peaxumx unzan.

wa art aka Trvvcflved in anfimilhurist aamny, pannaazany aruund the max ac mp saiazaa who, abngwnn three mhers, wcre discharged rm. the uvmyfor dgrmuncing ma u.s. and Japonexe mflirary oc—cupalinn ofOkimwa n ma Ryukyu Islands, wereme Amcficurs nave pun. an Tmmcnst base). Th: de—ckion OD discharge ma mldkrs 7: being appealed 5::that may can zonlinuc N wok in the banuzks. Thiscampaign :5 not mains in pnnn. Park? propaganda;n ubo areaca section: of ma nude unions and n.p—am”; W0‘1<Er§.

Vn a ganpnax xensr, :mrsT\ut1:?un :5 apgcanypry ca.vmnble ~aa-ay. A: we end ov'W1e 19.56; mam Wenearly a dnzen rpnran groups. Bu! aunna mp yrars

vvzwa ma axpwanan of naaan» ucnvivicx died am,and so did ma aanyny at many am.’ guups — orM lecm may dezhned markedly. Some pnnp largexforgnniza ‘ans maryaa ;n was process an now an-gapad in Fmemetine anyaacar warfare — ma “uchchm," wmax. naua already <:\u\'mod many victim.

wa can my Mu? we are we anly for-Icy’! argansmnan mar ;; mnanan based and T5 yaauy «unman-Eng palmaan ;n onp prexenlsiruuvion. Tn; maresuh mu pmcesx ofdegerremfiun pr one Japanesean left w an we naua been owe to escape.wa are new Tn pmhfon «p tr to w7n \WcuH1e—aanan in vhe far eh during ma taming Mu ya’’maa‘Laa.s. AT »na'?.n= ¢Tn’a, cfirpraaass .5‘;ae—yafapzng au} urgunizalion n.ua~ he aamaa an in an'm7crrwh'am|\'s\ fashion. Thu: is whywe me man-svrywng oureNarrs tn parficxpme fufly ;n the bufld»zna ar um Fourth Vnferruafiuvva‘.

Pans, /Warih m, v97;

FOUNDINGOF THEJ/IPANCOMMUNISTYOUTHLEAGUE

The «panama znnfcvcnce ac the Japan ComnwnVuwh Laaaua was new :11 Yokyn January 37—FebvMary 1. Previously, were naa been Mree ypum angonuzurfnnx under me waaaaamp of ma Japan Rava-hmcnary Commurfisfi Laapaa URCL), Japanaa 5ec—nan ar ma raann lnverrlaflenuh ma |a:an.ananavlabor Camm?Hee, the lnternufiorxcfisl CorrvmumflSvudems League, and me Fran? of ImvrnufionafisrHighéchaolers. Far the pun savers‘ yaaa, theJapanesc Tmakyap had paan trying in lawn a single,um-«ad communist yaun. araanzzanan u! yauna wurk—

aa, smdems, and Mghscivoclers. The Iowvdmg atme Japan cannnnunm vaann League marked me sap.cesslu‘ auxnnznananat that amnnpe. up new orgi-Mzulion hm about I,ooo nembezx, pr wan papa»20

55% are youvag workers, 30% students, ans 3/. hwg.schemes.

we raanasnp tanferencc was mtervded by n.a.a manI00 aawapam and nany abscwsrs Corvfing nan rhirrycuties maagxnauu Japan. sanaamy rmtssuges We)!raaayaa «rpm ma comrade: of me upny CombumngEuHc)In Group mpna Kong), ma Voung SudulixtAmanaa [UnT9ed Srmes), and ma Ligue cannunmaRévoluliaimuiqe (France). rna cunkrnnze dixcusudand adapted on orgunizafinnal repufl, a aamzamrcpcn, and statutes. Ken wnan we: awama na.nana: chuhmun, Kenichf Okodo and Mason: vaka:wcv= elected nananax yraa—ana;nnen, and KarsuVasuda was elecrcd nufional secretary.

on February 2 a nae rally anenaea by l,Aoo pea-ple was nela la celebrate me saanalna of me newaraanvzanen. saealrars lnelaaea varlln lwasawu erthe Sunrixuka-Shlbuyal-no Paaeanl Un n Aaalnrrthe New lnrernananal Alrparr, Eiichi Ymrnnishi,We aleleal Trmxkylsfi cudn: Tn Japan, and aonarr.Kazan kl-fikawa, a Buraku youth wlra has been 'lm—

prisoncd lar many years, sen) a solidurhy mQ§dge.Cemrudc Jim miwara, a repvvsanmfive ar rneJapan Revolurlomvy Cumnlmist League, gave aspeeen enmlaa “Lew; claw raaerlner car aar warlarevalmien and rne cumnumixt future.“ ComradesArmar cnena ol Me Dally Cambaning aallerzn,lzleln Flnknl oF are ‘(sung saalalarmlllanaa, andLeanara ollaler ar me Laaae Commtmlsve RévolwNonnulre also spake la rlre rally. we final speakerwas carnraae |cMra znaa, rne JRCL candidate rar

Sen rnanielpal parllanrenr.

rne laaralna of rne new yearn araanlzanan muvks

a big rrep earaara rer rlne Japanese Tmtskyis) ma‘/e—

nenr, a cleurexpressbn ar the incl Vhm llre ;n>er—

nal mixes as the 19d); have been delinifively overcome. All #1: mar lanlere ana l=1V—oenirFx) len-aeneler and grows have pmven politically barlkruplin me walre ac are exploxiun of rraaenl raalaallza—Han al Ives-as. The Japanese secfion of me sparlnlnv-elnuliurvul, hurwcver, mode impressive aaln, be—

rween w7l ana W74, and me Japanese Yruukyislmnvemem has now enverea a new per;aa pl grawfiv.we ymmg wmkey, araaen», ana lrlanaalraal n. 1—

lanrr of me Japan Cam-tlunlst vaarn League wlllnan» la double and naple «re 5312 of ll-2'lr new orga-nixafion dudng me coming p=ri0d.I

{ AEINGINDEPENDENCE

wnsle Guirv:uABl5iau T5 lndcpendenl mduy, me CapeVerde Islands are anaepenaenr anly an paper. For

same rlnre, xhe Portuguese government exerearl prag-sure >0 rank: xure N-lul lfic uvcv lunzan ar llre Papa-lauenr of Cape Vevdc), a pappel gmup composedoFu Few naraaler and preparea ra uccep? lne splnulls! princiule a; a “Purmgucscspeul<7ng Arraaa, "

would ae repr§eMcd an the gnverrlmem ar me marestate. one cf me tonsequenccs cl «ne events arsep—Iember 29 in Paryagal was me disuppcal-once of spr:nala and with nlrn M5 elaarnr an cape Verde. Thearchipelago will anaan lrvdependencc an July 5, inwe rnean rrre, a guvernmeni ac lraraman has heenser ap compewd pl aaaal mpresenlakron «ran Panugulana are mac,ln :04-llurmiry wln are vlewpcln! ar rne mac, arepmnaxx nuw anrler way will lnelaae general eiefllorlsm a nareanal earamaer.» assembly.

Two main concerns are nnlmuiing me leaaerelllp alme me: during lwr pen-aa of me Final pnase ofculnrlialis la palmaal lrnplanlarsan ana me ara-aea as an; eanan wun Guineu—Bi§wu.we willsee further an haw mare rwu aaamanr ucmally en-compass llre debate: an me saznean and cape ver-diun raaelanar. as a whale.

rar a number at obj: Eve rcusom, me arrnea strug-ala ala nuldevelnp Tn lh: cape veraa lxlunds (lu-auxpi: us lerrazn, veprasslon, law papa lanan, largeemlgrufian, ebc.7. elm rne aaekarap ar rnere arr-naall aanalllpra, the wee lara lang rlrne arapea

by C. GABRIELwar a strategy lar rlre llaerauan pr lh: arelrapelaaa.Prepararzan lar a milibmy lnaarzan, elanaerllne rnarazlrzauan, and varlous other alternatives were =en~rlaerea.

ln face ar such aanrlarzanr, the l=Alsc Fuund ll vtryazmeall re aazn a base Tn cape verae aerara maaaarmraa er me Stlluxarist regarne an Aprll 25, 1974.This lam was lndlxxalubly lznlred la the raazal struc-rare of me islands and V: llne xmzfiegic respovlsex llralflawed lrarn lnal slraelare.

rne sac-ral rrmelare er Cape Verde 'a more l-leuvHyaarserennalea Ihun that as me calnaan ccwnrrysidc.(See INPRECOR, No. 14-15, neeernper l2, W74.)There Is a class ar laeal lanaea pmprielbrs, a mul-maae ar eernzpraleaarxanwzea small larrnen, anarnareerapaea, wna reprare... the maznriry al rlrepa.~ea..rn,. or 35,309 aarzeallaral eeraanrnnena,10,937 are worked by lnelr ownels, 3,325 are workedby lananr Farmers paying renr, and l.s,«>a7 are runbysharecrtvppen (N-we r-aa 5 are pre—Ap(?l 25;. In

am an, llrera are a sign um number ar agricul-mml wagewafkers an llre large cslules, ana mereare also |ange- uni xnlnllwcule lraaerr, a perrypaaraeame pared in aml xel-vice ana eaaearaan,a Nny rnalnlrzal pmlclurlul, and a very large layerar larnpea born In the buxom es ealanaal ranennera.

we bulk ar are praleraraal emigrated nan. capeVerde, gengmlly aasna Io rarlaarrl, wlnera thereare now Inns of maraaaas pr Cape Vel-dim: workers.

71

CAPE VERDF

siren e saaiai siraenne made very hazardous rnesaris ai precepts advanced by We PAIGC In eaineaaaaaraina to which saaiai differemiufioriswere .n—sufficient in ‘‘speak‘‘ of class siraaaie.

ma PAIGC, wnn i'rs muhklws concepfiom, op>paaiea aellenien ra me ‘Wailers ai me eaanirysideand me eiiies, xtudems, iandawnen, Jawwrs, «ane-iianaries aad employces in earnnme, docmn, en—aineen, ieaeners and iivsfruclors in mg. aeiiaais.-‘Tire symbolic airirniarian me: we idea iaeianae rarnase wna .

I ii“ We xwamped .e an appeal ie an-‘man iaaerianaries and weH—mdn ianreis and ner»chants, ‘- who hm’: "me duly my ia sewn our pee-eia, rne narnaie, anonymous Cape veraian, aarbrother.“ irrarn inc co}! in arrrrad xvvugglc in Capeverde isxued daring are r Vfaw nmrirlis ar M59.)Mare raeaarly, in me reeari on me iiiaarian inca_ee vcrae" prcsemed to me uaired Notions byihi: PAIGC in March ivn, nareierenae is nraae rarne quesrian ar an eienmai redisrriiaaiiae er iandam-r independencc.

The PAIGC and the mass movememina ereseni siiaarian near mas be viewed nnraagiaina piisrri er rie narienaiisi aeiirieai line ar mei>Ai<3c, ina eanerraanie eaanania simurieri ai meisianas Vwhich are peinunenrl rhremerwtd by Farmine), and iiia spurwarieuux spirit ai ine nae mm/:4nienr,

Airer April 25, I974, in. mac wa5 faced warnma irviptmrive neeassin, ay iupidly gaining po\'ir'ir.a!kegcmony aaainsi rne righi—w7ng sainansi curmms,Wham iarariie iaaaiaaieai weapon was denanaiarian0F “Guinean impr:riaHsm" on we Txlnnds. say an evi'—

dcnze, me PAKGC was victorious an rhis neia aeaiareed me Parluguese army ra pm a Hap rd rne :ub—vcrsive aei. mar the SpinolTs>gn:up7ei3. Todaythe pahricul neaernany aw the PAIGC on me Mandyis an aaeanieiisned iaer, airneaan ii Is usxened an—sraeaiy.

rne Tsland ai sanriaae is esaeeiauy well :cmm:Hedand caruvimies rne nucleus umurd wiiian me weai rna puny rnraaanaai rne islands T: organized.However, sane island: where ind PAKGC saerre iasswcH urgzrfized, Séa vineenre Farcxurripie, havebenaiiiea From a rnare rapid rise of ma mess move-rrear because of one mciuY problems ll-int are posediinre. nre movemem nas raisen me most diverseiarns an we various island in Sunfiugu land hasbeen uccu d; in Saim Nicoiaii sire cusmrvix andaaiiae arirees haw been occupied, in Sumo Arminrne iaeai aiiiees ai ma aaininisrrarerwere seizedand Wansformw inraa :ré:l’v:; in sea vinaenie aprivate radia sturiori was aaeapied.

in mi; Frarmwurk, me ralarians btrweeri me PAIGCand the Purmglejc iaraea wirnin the aaai an awarnrranr are dererniirred by We reiaiians berweenrne PAIGC and the max! mcvemem. oaes the PAIGCseek )0 ssrenaiiien ma rna n ai rne nisasex,polificize ii, and provide it wirn aniiaapiiaiiir ma.ieaie aaieerivei, or, an me eihzr nand, does it ‘-in—

xtrvmeniufize" one mcvememby rerainina ine idaaas “nnrienal rccunci er a" n order ED ariiize riiemovemem mciicaily aaainsi rna parmaaesea

ii definitely seers mar rne iaaaersiiia ai ine Miscnas enaian rne secord anirada. For rne most part,)he "AIGC .5 reiasina ia eaanceraase Tvsclf to riiamobilization Lf rna masses, because es:aaiisninerne reiariarenia ai iarees in warm ia achieve aeiaraJuly 5 can be earried aai saeeessiaily only by gain»ina a ma aapaiar base iar the party. Eu! aha iaribe rnaar POM, rire was is msigriing a narrow func-rian re riiis naaiiiaaiian. ra "saaearr me parry. “

Ar nee sai airaarr, iar Example, rne puriy prnpuxcdand organized penp\c‘s comic! 0! mngolng Vmveiensa as to prevent the main at aarreney. H was aisean rne araeesai as ina parry rnai ine saa vineanieradia srarian was uccupled and that the darker; merearaaniaed vigilance pickers. sarwnen rne workelsai a <am!rucIion iaai rirrn warired ia 947 an strike,me leadeiship of me PAIGC asked men in give uprna -niea because rne gavcrruwni eaaid nai wrisfyrre request iar wage inzrexex. in iaer, eaia iisn.nae: eeiaaiianed curioux eanrraen aerwun rne siareand me awneramiis Facmry. hwusaripuiared nearin rna even! or wage increase: aeina granied meworkers, me public weuswy and nor ind ernaiayarwaald pay me eaaaieneniary wag-: aiii. rne aniiademkan by me parry was ear ia denounce r earnraer,ia aaen rne company‘: books, and M: aananaiiae rneenlerprisc i? the owner refused ra pay up. H areiarredra guararwee Hnariarrai reeanai mien“ by aaarrinarne srrizsa.

Conrradicfioryrelulienshipsbeiwecri me mass rlnx/e—nrenrarrd me leudenhip ai me mac have alsog!OWlI up around me agrarian question, A iinaaana.. agrarian raiarni araiaer srin awairea, one masseshave in. Tamil a i-nuvemem ulactupulian ai iands,sewn; up eleeied eamnrnees charged wirn sbotirigaar rariaamrraiieas. L H: a, iime in aasiaaaareas rhcrt nas spread a reiasai ra pay renr in kind«a me “Morgudus" (lcvge ianaea pmpvieters}. memac, iiaaaears, ha: sapparied ana em ieainese movemems. Iv iaanerrea rna beginning ai apurge by cu”irig rer ine imp rimevil av smut rea<:—riaaaries. For exaniaie, in the Santa Cruz regionei saniiaaa me isanana aianiaiiaa av Almeida Hen—

nques, a Pnrmguese, was aeaaaied, and HL-miqucswas rnrawn inn primn. aar Ihc max: muvemenf didnar ai an step in inidsrrearn, one Jug: aaerida, alurg: landed pmpvitmrand ianner leader ai the

FAIGC beime Aarn 25, was his aaiyarran ra thernreryenrren ar rne PMGC narwanal reaaersma.

FinaHy, in aerra-rn area, like Orgoos (5anfiagu),rrre aeaaanr rmsses are mere backward ana Tmpmea more Flexible aprnaaerr en rne PAKGC nrmranra.Barrararx rnar, rnera is na :oherenVPAlGC policybasing hseli an rne slagun eran agrarwaa rerarrn rnar

am ar arawzna me aayerryearreken petmznl rmssesTwo a xodnl rnyar n. In rne absence of such avine, rne aarey-e navzey renrazra enameal, nnarzaareaay Iacficul cumldemfianx, and very arren nerere-geneuu: aeaenarna an rne raaar “s¢nxTbHTNex" orme exisfing nrraarares. Inn rs rrae Tn reaara ra flue

aararzan quesfian curd rhc aaearzan a5 ceananna de—

yeuaannenr us wen.

Economic aidIn iaae er rue earaarraanra eaanarnia snaarzan, rnereaaersnza er rue rwec rraa rraa :e scrric anwn rea rwarela xask. duvelopmg an emergency nran arFinurm'uV and food and, and aeyeraazna a nran Fur'mdusvria|Txufiion Tn rne nee-ran. rerrn.

Pormgal 2: exvvermly relaeranr ra aid Cape veraewnne r-ra awn aaranea of payments 7: alreaay gmsslyanaaraneaa, rne aareerran of rne anrernarranal rarna:symn:a Daluz In Cape va.ae has been ra dir/er—xify a:a saareaa ana ra knock an an aya-rxaaxe dams.

u ri‘.nnTn5 to be seen whar impficmians rnn ufd wwnaya an rna -rnaeaenaenee of rne rarara caaa Vcrdiunregime. Fund ar-a From vmper Hsv eaanrrzee 7; knownre raaiaxy aeeane an erream weapon Usefi raaenaaye rne gear at puHM'cuV ana econanfi: aannna-rran. one can quorc, rar example, rne anearer arnne Fund ran Peat: program, wne shared rrar Ikeraara arrTvu\ ol Arnen'ean prance loaded wavrar rne curlhquuk: disnstcr an cnne Tn mo and

more ran relufionx aerweea cwe ana rra un-rreaSkate: rnan any arnar Amcrhzon acfiun ruken aarrngreeenr yams." For Vhe Amevimn udm axsrranan,rnere is a eararanr ana aenaerare vnranr re um raaaMd as a vehide rer :ammercic\ aenenarran. "Thosewe aid reaay am he ear eaararnea rarnarrew, “ 507d

Nn:Govers, arreerar cl raaa yar Peaea in mo andwax.

Arrrraaan rne emergency aran T: aneazraare, aaa ar—

rnaaarr ara rnasr be rcqueucd rrarn anyane, evenrran. rne aeyu nanaerr, :r T: nenernexea rranae rasee the leadership er the msc asking rar TmperT-ulisv ara ar me xume WM G; :r is resalarery (E) nan-ananea. “Nmvahgnnre has neyer areyenrea rnecconumk: raw; cl rne nneerrauer marker yran. e><en—Trvg rnenaeryen anerau rne eaanaaaa ru a; a N-rm—

xmuml econmny enrerazna «rear earaaaa nrn and de—v97d ufu real anrraarmarzer program.

me Cape veraaan nation, rake nae eaznean nalinn,is reaay rne raraer ar rne mas! sordid bluakmafl.AH xidex, wnerner in be rne SmVinFs£ leadership; orme Imperfulkr stares, are rrrrawzaa rnernseryen imornyana :e rake udvumuge ac rne d'\FFiI:u1!ies er me

mac in araer ra block any araeea er mdicoIizc-rzen. The Arab ci\—pr'Jducing Coumrirx are prapaarnasnare arl percenr Truervsr — ear rney are aanranaxnara knew Tn advance rne eeanernze ar irxdusvfiai pru—ieer howuvd wman rrre a wm ya. orrrer pmpusulsnaye come «ran rne Unhed Shares, rranae, Japan,Wes! cernaay, and even saarn Amea. TH: aelaaanPetroiina company Han: proposed a reranery var saavrneenre, warn rna ear. r¢ceTr/M510 aereenr araraaaerran ana nayrna ra purchase an Iz<ld'm'on<I1 toaereenr. rn-naaraenenr Tswuifing re be nanea,but ir had arreaay been concluded were Aann 25— wzrn rne oviunhl regime.

This sun?’ avchipemgu is confinuing re :9 ulaheTmperia raapemea. Irs aeagraamaaa gmxirron as

at mp zrnaerranee For NAYO. aar rne flakes an wenbeyond rne arrarease rale ar rs. Sal arraarr. In Fact;Tn rna uneven develepmen? uf rne libemfiun snag-gle in Cape Verde and Gu‘m=uvBTxsuu, 'rr has be»eene uhvhux rrrar aarwng rna pear raw nearra rnervnsxex at Cape venae naae been nblo ra rcp\'d\yearen up ya, and eaen go beyond, me ‘eve! ar A-.o~

bilkaficln, and above an rrra Ieaex of cnnscim.-5ne§£,ar rna sanean moxses. saen a turn ;; explainedbnrh by rne such‘ structure ar caae varae and ayrne essential contribulion made by the mpw'd poUr—Tcizulinn cf Cape veraran yearn, esp=cr'aHy rneparry-raeareean -nnenearaat yaarn rnar arrenaeaanryerszraee in Pormgul. Ina Ts verydiffcrcrw narnthe maarran arayamna Tn zsarnea, where the parrynaa N: bum e5xevvM'uHy amung peaaanr music; Duhside me urban centers.

The question of unificationTh new uneven dewelopmem ar rne paHr\'cu| pre-eea zn rne rwa eaanrrzes has In a certain sense brawnaway rne fog and rnaa eanrerrea ea rne Cape Verdemane; a rale than is rnaan nare aea TV: rnan rnaraanrarrea en rnen ST!-nply ay rnear raaa .an in rneAnanna oaean_ Consequently, H is we develop-nrenr o7sfimgg\ex and aeaarea an rne parry in Capeverae mar wan rebound an rne Garnean simafionand rnarwan aarr-rauy errenr rne unlalding areyenrain rne tanareaanny. mix 3: aaxre important vn

araaamna rne quesfimw ac urfiiy between caae veraeand <3a:nea—a:ssaa.

rar a whole pen-aa rne ms: Jeaaeanra was con-renr Ia r-aarny rae goal or anrry eatery on rne ha '5

arrne raraear helwean rne Mu populufions,espe:iaHy rrre rm aeaexaaaa Tn the pm-:25: ar rnesmlggle waged by an mac iraev. W175 is aerrearly

23

AN ATTEMPTED COUP IN GUINEA§'\x reams of curfew have enabled me me: in srop an attempted cuup orgunizud by agmup of former amaaa uF ma Amaan can-xmandm, NnnueV Gnrdere [U Furrntr GA,-Tnvandepuiy), and Fernando Lurn (Furmev pre-flnlenfi as ma cavnaan :u‘uniu\ \egis1mTvr* assem-my).Vn wmzzcoa Na, H/I5 we wm! Thus: who wele 'm VH9 Parmguexe mamary have beendknrmed and sent back In man ncmve vinflges. ma aay may Had been gTven (up fihmugkDecember] conmrwcx a man a- :2 of caplml that Wm nHow H-wem ta wake up ugricu\—mre aaaza. Nayansaxaaa, may are a porerma‘ counrerrcvulm awry earae that mun nu!be Tgnored." rn vaaa uf H-«ass dangers, we counicrpwsed In W: moo; “mlierul n::I:n-I:Hiu?Tnn“ a class cmcllysk of urban <3 neun saamy u-vd ma naaaany Iura popaflar mobi-Hzufion nraurd :|NTcupTlu7TxVobyecfivcs.mm :3 naming N: be gained fmm mama humma rmsses ma fact than the coHohommv aany bvurgeokie Wm yemfln a veucficnury sa-azawarca ‘urn sang pefiod; r it is Mdden, mm vs a mu that the maize; Wm no: wakein ma mm when ma tonfruntufiors Wm ruacficm come.And yer, aH ma seem: Io usmnlsh vxacar Mama saaaa, who stated m Dakar on Notch 24:“ n Scptenber, whnn me woe took aaasasazaa ar ma zones War had not yer been underza cuntml, n decfdcd nor .a mazaaaao a genera‘ panay as uurgcs and M exclude ma.su|:—Tn arder n. movc m H): cfimcfon afnu)Tonalre:anr.iHav1on. Yn ma long mm,such a aanay am zaayuaawy creme mm: Drublenu."

yam and mus? cammuvn ma pr'wn:ipu\ argumcn).Ncvenhelass, flu respond in rxlcfiunary maneuversaimed M txacevba 9 mm arayaawm berwecnma Ma pepuiufions n is not :uWc?en>5?mp|y toHarp an Parruguescapcuking unity and unify Tn maaany.

ram a'an, ;» must be rezognized ma: a a-gamaampan n 0F ma puny bourgeaifie ar ma camaanmwn: :5 Cups Vercflan arid that the axaaazan aran —Cupc Verdiun racism agazan we» a T5

nccevsury to nan. par!TuHy mask on apaa: an to anraaaa rayaa among ma puvem/—s\ricken pcpubfion.on rhc other sT<le, ;: would be a sefious mmaka fluignom the Cape varazan mriorwl aaasnaa. may :5

why u :5 quTr¢ aaamya Hm? some leaders cl marwsc have for xome munvhs aaalzaxy umrmcd VI-:2

axmanaa M Ma mama and Ificir respective rig}-«Is

-a sc\F-deierrvuncmon In deciding the question ara..:»y.

The only way In block impevTuHsm's urvempl: )0 sawmy Tan is M take Cape Verdiun nananal righrs macunxidcmviun w mm the comexl ofcduca a mamasses Tn nternarnonalism. TH: Tmplies tukhg macunxiderufion ma Tnrerars as ma Guinean and CapeVerdhm popzflur masses, and not uIaH ma interest:a: “all uaaaa and lnyerx." uamaanan mus? nu) ulvlow a Cape Verdiun mama": M axplan ma workersof Bissau wha» we want .a speak about is an war-nuflonelvsr anmaanan an ma Owo pcopies in smugglu.Eu! ca fivuvevenf, it i: pussiblc more Mundfaquepeasant :a northern Guinea mu not uudersfund why24

he is being spoken Iv aaam ma cumman {Mavens)-2 has mm :5. Cape Vcrd:un peusum W‘u e he :5

we? bcmg spoken m uhour ms Mandhque cousinwho Hvcx uniy Hfrcun am; away on We ether sidca; the Seneguhsc border.

In anmaa a aamal response Va ma quexfion at am-naanan, ma FAIGC 75 ovaiding ma qucsfian :nfs7m—regic task: :a raga a to ma wwa Afrkan r¢voVuHun.ma pmcess of MI aanan as H-«es: Mo caunfificsmust be sahned — aa: mmaa» blurring PM aaemav

- ma iso\an<m of ma Guinean reyawanan due:aaaxag Ibo Tsuhfion

depends an the sfimggles av ma whale reg: n.

ma: 9: why u ‘-5 perfe rreipcnsible av ma we:as 5 n a can-wmuniqué Wm. ma Senclgalese regime;a which ma rwo aanaaa . . aamaaar fiber mereare no maamamax yeusmvs U} iamryzaa a differentin1emuriona[;ue\?cyfun!he Mo counlries, especiuflyin ma Alrican xphere.“ ma Mo counrfias being"conxcious of ma respumibi Hrics Tncumhent an man.in ma rrufinlcnunce of peace and security in aanvwrmfy am. ma prhvciples ar ma charter: ar we namedNations and ma Oryrfizminn cl African Unny.“(Bissau, January <7.)

Funher, n is vmpermnr nm «I have any ma omaaaa: W: sauany av unhy btvween Gama -Fssuuand Cape Verdz 7.. ma framework ava nananasrum almaay marked by rh: mama D1 bureuucrcrismand in may ma most divans tendencies are weby we moving reward confmnmfiun.

The qnexfion n; nnzmnnnn 1: also oi grew? TmpnrkanceTn stub? Hzing the uuvhoviry of the Banupormv staverhav is now Iakfng xmpe. Since A xTgn'wh'conr par! ofthe nananul |nac'ersh?p uf the PAIGC Ts vi CapeVerdfun at} n, :n and-nn:my among me whenn-asses of G.fir\eu—Eissou requires H-war um?-CapeV:-vde chaufimsr preiucflces be braken down.

In Cape Verde, Tv Wm be vvecexmry M a e weVype ulurmy my mu be :5? up; x'wmHur aennmanW”! be naednd kn th: nmcnng of a mag‘ Tan

mm/emem. n. mme ym be Wu: an amnnznzngwnemen the nude unkurvs mu be Tndependem of mu

parry and me mm. unacyn-ng Gumea and CapeVerde Wm be all me nm «mum «on We \eodcr—

mg as me mac Tn W the trade-union mavemanlsit‘ an Pwa counrrias have enmned diflerem degree:of argunizufimv and independcnce of the me anperurus. H mm be necessary m chunsc kefweevx nu.Iowang one n, be “r.un#am'maIed“by me other av

frying Va 501:: one vu retreat in the 1m: of meorhcr.

we po cal ‘TF2 D; we max in Cape Verde umnnxy be very airmen» from N5 pnmzcuw Me ‘m

Gnfineu-BTssuu. Th: pnlhiml mnlenk B? one youngpeHy—buuvgeois eiemervs we went anynrmgneseunT\/erslfius, where they have Had tonlucr wnh Pmmgn=;= revalufiiaravy youlk, has been broadened:ensTdemb\y. They have m reconcile their anach-menmna dzvmian )0 mg nmianansn. of me macwith a search iarumwens to po|'m'cu| quesfionsraked wmnn the workevs rocvemenv. Such a needcan may lead to pnrcnsnese nflrucvkuns — a puffy-bourgeois am-ucrian :n Me vicrmies ar the Chinesemyolmian over underdevelopmem. am Mn a path,which makes great concessiam In gmawlm concep-

Hons, adapts n7, rather than conrfinn, me _urE\Tug rufiunafism.

‘NarrvTn§ have already appeared Tn me me: bul-1cvTns pub!‘ had in fihe Cape Varda Vxlandx ugflimvMen and r by ovpurmnkm"; there hm aka been‘bngdisserfiu om explavfing that the dtmand For

5-eup\e's powur can only mean siwngthening at heparty.

Them wrn be imperTDHsV plan ugchur me nannnaus.Cap-: vm n znnaenmp. There mu be many mmHnnory ?MrTguex med ar 5wc:pTng KM: un:Mpek.\guback Into me camp of neur.o‘on|€.\|Tsm. Prepumlianto nneeuncn rm; cunnnt be nude by mnnmuymnxpunnng the mass muvemcnl; mm, prcpum_lion must be mm by sysV¢maricuHy eeycwomng andpowancmng an moss movcmcnr, by pnnzng an endin the my :1 or nmaonnr recon znnnn, by Fcrmu\av—Eng an unhcapx'ruH5r prugram .n ma rnmwnm 0F nn:n»egmn;a uramgy for me clan swuggk‘. awn who‘:regmn.

Em Me ms: nrmnay snnngty tom-nified Iowbm mans "nmxagnneny, “ and for many rmmhsAlrkun amonucy has been waiving Tl: nu, «menTrig the nnn of rhv: stmngcxi inclinurion or me mac-5nnnnnansnn. apporlunism

n I: very Tmporrom rm .m\m;o..ary Marxists Va

FoHow me mnmnn in Cape Verde and GuinezrBissau, lar the prublems mm are posed there, Wequefiiun or wufioufiun, Vor example, mm be n?We cenveferawwn pomacav swmegy :n »n. Ancan confluent.

February 5, W525

MOROCCO

IHE PALACEE4CES

A CRISIShy ABBAS TARIQ

Response of the refnrmistsrrr Mmocco, Amhke a number avomer colcvviul andmrmar.:us cmmfirics, pnpular muhifizafiuns wtrcnever taken avev by rm se-:cH:d Dpp<K7u7n par-ties. Nosczrur 477 7}»: bourgcokie Br me man:bourgeois}: was zven Tn posifion rs am a: u Imm-mkxion bar for Wu: demands cf the mm cu in pressthe dynamic gr Mess mobmznfiam through 9:: meend. H .s u lwisrcrical rm mm the bourgeokfe arrm culomfl counrfivs vs mcupobic Dr \euHy andcompletely {any .9 nu: ma baurgcms-democrat}:rmks o’ nufiona\ crurinrvr my me Moraccun sm-geuiswe was ncvnr even In power‘ The stufie powerrrr Nomcca is no? the exptcxsien Dr E bchncc among

, Ming dasscs [Mu vevry bourgeoisie and malebaurgeokin), rm ramcr :5 a mwurcky ma? has up.5 nvw been absahfie. Hence, we bourgeo?s-derwu-mm; and mramrm movcmrznl, even Waugh hyhfid7n chaructew, 1-usxcughrsincc Mm (when VomalTndepemlentc was won) We awry; a pmgmm orbourgcafs pc7iWr.uV independence and mdcr wirhinme ¢rar.¢war« of me We 'msM'm 'ens of me muna(—cm rugi 5!.

um, 'm >be cases of mg \sHqFu:\ pony, we uwrv,and evun me 975, u Wm not anly mar filmy vevricredrvremrm Va u YeguHsm burdefing on {car and oprpor7un7Sm, my aka mam srcfle rreararrarr mt. We

crown in order 10 orfive m the applicuiian ac thebourfiok program necessary var five hrslnfic amrap.men1ufFHeFmL‘rt5VS as me bourgeoisie and H5

umts.25

AM #91259 rormnorr; vegard rhc nrmwx arm cfthe vegimc as an appormnny «.7 mine M3 perspe<:—five Tn me mm mm, nrcrr response ro «M "operk

gs“ of rkc regfme could ovfly be pos?VTvc' rrmruras me regime 15 prepared N mregmte mm powEcully, r-r regroupml.-Hr an me basis ur a rrmrrrmpmgmm an we homework or a humagenccn/5 nafionulfrnm is for merr me am way In achieve Vbe pro—grass?»/Q demnr.vuFzaH:n .7; the reghwc.

L x» is m ~53 gcncrvl 'mmework ihur rim IsH3Kuu\

fly held 793 rfimh cangress, me resnhfions D7

which mflccmd rhc changs mar have occurred,These vesolufionx ;aHed «or.

"Th: Hbcrv) n M ;uhmdered verrivnry; demacrucyand egafimvvurfism."NuviLma\ my around a common Program.‘Popular suvcveigmy, sepuva on of powers, dc—

.rr.mnor of respvnsibxmicxr'Demucrmic rights.'S1idTngs:alc ‘D1 wages um‘ prices; Insmufion 57

a Vuw on the conVrnV oi the amasshwg of wealth.'Aru Von, Arab unity.

And, in Wt’ econumic fieki, the conference de—

rmnded"NmFonqHzunen of the banks, ‘murmurs: compa—rfiej, man agencies, and mm}, mining. and phar-n-uczuficui Frvdusmes.*A pk-.m cf indusvriafizanon, cnrmundgfinvenr, andugraflan minim.

In man, the aaasmem program of a aauonal bour-gee la that Favors We comfimtien ofan amHulls? navienul ‘mm l.. ma wen l-mdman of maLam. American bourgeois movemem: ac ma Pen-msand the Bcluumcs.

2. The Sm sls echoed mas program when, an me

acts: on or VH2 legflizerian cl lbefr party, thePPS, wmal. wank la be “a aayalmlanary vanguardparfiy or me working dais, ” may mode paw; vi-leTr

awn demarldx. The PPS, wmle aalllng la, the l:la.ya—

nan and recovery al alumlaaaa errlrory, wm Wk“Var respect Far ma righrs al C! zerls, the cxpurrdon ol democrat Ms, we release oil:Hpo1‘llcal prisuners, and ma remmofullcxiles, Na»Hunulizuliar. wf ma lacy secrovs vi the ccclnemy, avml induxrrinfizollan program. modemlzorlon altagriculture, and an agmvlun refarm. ma amlaals.»agalml EnF|=r'l=n, lusflsc, and inequu ry, Mame-zulfizalitm, Arubizafion ard gerlemllza n a; edu-nulian, ml ma establishment a; a van aaalal pm-gmm. ma PPS aaapana the Pafcsfi an, Arab, Arn-can, and lmamananal struggles.

ms, ma vvs vervlnlrls 5ul'mF.v\ la ma Una al mala-rlan bysmgex and lrltcxtlass alllancaa AH valahad clearlysaid so a lung ago as I958, when bean: . "In the prexem phase oF Hm loaaanau ar ma

slum and al nufilmul society, we mm comidcr mayma mnwfidufion ar lnaaaaaaam and why lakespnamy over any emu cmlcem and men we pres-llga ar ma sovemlgn is nww ma bcxl glaomnmc afaam. Hence lwrsuprpnfl, wmal. I: based on a com-maany af ammo and ab-leanyaa mm munarchlsland bourgeois nuilorulism. caawal la; a Msmrir.mla Va play in aw zauniry

‘-

laaay, nearly Ywmwy ycals lam, gl'\/en ma laalmal Me demucrmlc tasks have mil um bgen curriedowl, ma Smllniss cunrlal aa: coaswaw am. morer-my ma» aapnal and the manayaxy yal have a

I-lisrmir. lalc in play‘ Their rcspanse to the am;Fully in cumammte wilb bureuucmfic lagla: a

nauaual «ram and u cummcn progam of governrrcnf.

3. Belwcen the baurgeuk pale rcprlnvznved by malsnqlaul aany land, «aawly, by W: new Progres—give Llbcrul party, a slmcmre that males mchno-cmfis, lnduslriui munagerx, and shopkeepers) andma slalmn-lalanaaal pal: represented by me PPS,mam :a ma perry-bourgeok pale al ma UNFP. umFurmafiun, whlch emergd aw cf ma lwalaraaanaaaarvurlonufisv magma al me $9505, grew up wiihll-. ma1: laal petty and la» VET: aany along Wm maporfiwrs al the mass movement av Ban Bafim, Ab—

dullah llnamm, and Bouabld. Tl: chuvteruflheUNFP, wrlflen 7” I959, usseflst “Were are nu con-naawulans among the lalaaasla al ma mrlaus so

1

luyus ol ma Moroccan male, anly their whycan dcfncr me ulmx aw ma hvlperiulists and assurelhn red‘ mien ar the naiienal aayaamas,"

we UNFP mmaimd W Win the Hams of a beurgcnispmqrvm, uhhougl-l ‘ll brake Wm. me p la ar thelsnqlual party and developed a genume mus: baseamong Hwe won-keys, pcummx, and petty buuvgeuisle(xmuH lancvlonamas, mEdd!e—]evei nllunugersy lam.-ea, prarcxm, smdcnts). Excevkdmltlg a Weft“plasa opened an Nby um by Ben Barkn, whu waslarlaeaaaa by me Castmlsr currcnl v’u pm. ihurwas brnughfi la a quick end], the UNFP has con ;—

laally been racked by many cumrud M, mar.um chow: all ma expm n ac ma vu us currerlfis

mm" 1!.

ma UNFP went moag» a number av ma ranging

rm me -waaa” aaasplmcy to ma lagalls» man: asma Nalaanal Oppaslfiun mm mm II-la Vsriqlclal

parly; Tl was under constant cams: pvexxure fromlls mam ranks‘ Finally, 2.. Ju‘y1977the aanybmkz aala Mo wing: llla Rabat walla», led byBouabid, WHEEH is new Ike USFP, and ma Cusu—

TABLE OF DRGAMZATIONS

UNFP Union Nallaaala de; Forces Populuires mananal Unlurl ar Papalar Forces),rexuh uf a aplsl from me lsriqlnm pamy. lmnalaal leader. Ibrahim

USFP Union Soda ' «a des Forces Popuhshex <sa - Ts! Urfion of Popular Force),araaa in W72 from the Robot branch of ma uwrv, Prl'n:'lpa| Veadzr: laaaaw

um um" Mavuculne du Yravuil (Nlmuccml Unlon or Labor), made union whoseuppurums ls under me Tnfluence as the UNFP. vnaalaal leader law Sedik.

Pl Yam lsriqlual Ilndcpcrvdcncc parry).

PLS ram all mg»: or du saaallm lrany av Progress and Saclallsm, lramarlyma Czmlmlmixi puny). l- ncipul leader: A Yam.

.=m:¢.-momyemm -— m .\_-M»; No occur: v‘V‘\M>xv‘ y-H’ ans.Manna brunch, led L1;/Ab<lullah nbmmm and BenSedik, which mu cunlmk mg nude-uniun apparatusD: the uw. Both wings mam aH gimme Vo sum-»:n=mm;m_ The um, me Tr: awv1Tm-pose and n H!-wing orient: n, stares: "Th: oc-rive prexencz arm organ aficn and m gyowfivgcumbafivily me mud: n we prTn:ipa7 partner mWm» flu: rcgimc has recoum: in mung rm dia—Iogue every time n has re mnrmm crises." (amma.)The dTu|n9:e is open and its backdrop :5 known.

mg um has chosen me PPS as as Special perrner,without always caumng rhe PPS completely Uspol ml myapla Nmnmreu, me ussv, :on—sfious or Me cum: of Imperialism, dues no! at u7|wk out a mud amzmpved coup by the my.For Me mammal, me muggy or me usrv is mmeaaround fibe nation a! tumble un:m1dir7on<Ilr»egoIio-noy. mm Hm: regime along mm Ike arher no mlForces, bulshoulri the process oraemmevz ..be aborted, mama thinks, ~11. army may wen wokeme vs us of puwer, "no! necssarfly Tn order m haldovum n, " he says, "for there are also 'PurIup1=5e‘Tn me Nnraccun army."

A. As far (he urw, because of us prolemrian bust:(Fr: the umn n .5 Seeking N capture me rudI<:uVTzu-Hun nfu number av seams by making use a? memag-y..:m. upparalw za commands; hence TI: dTr—

rem. mm rm one other palmcur currenlx,

W1: UNFP praem: Nself, or Me: In prvxenl mew,as an ahemulive maimr pale mm, while. u nemuimwnmn 2h: homework 0! me negofiu Ion: mrw gahvg23

on, dues nu? wan? N became me goat or me «meby placing Tvxell compmery in five my a; the bow‘wuTsTe(theVs1Tqlau|parry). In me km imam,everylhing WH‘ depend on me .¢rm:o..smp of «mmbetween mg clam. A «mmme relafionship ofForces could accelerate the mqtmvmry dynamic,in H1: even? as 5 mm rm me mm movement, anunsaymmle relufiumhip gr (area could assure memuimenance B; the mmmmu azmnmmp and usbcurgeek and peny- surgeons allicx.

Today, rcgpndless cl me ¢u:>icu\ rfivergences amongthe various pulivfcul romanm, all er mm, «mmme lsfiqlcul way M me UNFP m the usrv lo wePPS, are azmang ur gm rug access in gayemmm

Has. The possibfllly al me po|TrTcul par-ing gm a::css mm; mm. the element

described in um um pan of mu arficle. me du-sacu: bpfionerm of the regrme, represenred by Vhweponiei, are now trying «mug» me cmdesi and mmdzmagogh: behavior in misc mmexm ulxwe merealify ml the duss xrruggle and m speak Tn fhename or me mm» Moroccan “nation. "

Thus, me me of Vhse puriies today is rho? urncumflbufing Farce, a “constructive oppos'mn' cf»faring advice and Imam; xuppar? co mg "positiveaspects“ af mg gavernmem‘: pn|Tcy, trimming onthe analysis of me periud, Tmpefiufism, and H1:character nf me regime. Class coflabmufian andwprznczpiea ulhanges are me gifls mes: parfiesare ufleving rm regime in exchange my Meh em-namic and Palmer imegmricm Tnte me sum up»parului. None ur Maw poli ml Fonnufiom msinmmea any prucess of mm mebv zmion orde-

mundd ch: raromfian of demmzru ' fights. A5

purudvxird as it may seem, the rule 73 PI-war ofHcmuu anhe royal power; rhay portray KingHanan a rha thampian of me "national" cause,the chmvuian of dcmocruri: fighvsr I! ix 5 sad m:xs—

aaeraae rl-at onlysncngvhem the rolfcn regime andmncfirus E): puficy of their. cxplcmufian, and r:-presxiou.

Response of the revolutionariesand its limitsThe reaarrraereraamernr arr vhc o<)\Lmiul vevamfiun<v:arr-mr, valernrra, rhe Arab-Pzrsiun om), rhe

Currvm are oF revohtfiuvv rrr ma world, and vhe err-rsr

er Siwlirusm eer-rpaerraaa by «he arms or «he warmrnpi7a['u'sy:fierv\, have har yawea re have effectsea rdimlixed youth hr Mnmcoo. Iha new wen :h

Momcoa mrerged ah rhe aarrrexr ar rha fix: ar rhaAraa revulnfion and rha development av rhe _:n‘e orrmraeraar. mmfinned a, she rawarnrriarr re§Ts¢on4:e.Having gone rhreagh rhc experience araaa Havingarrae pcfid fihe pficc var succcsfve behayah by «he

resarmzra a1 ma UNFP and are srohrrasrs, rarre mm-mm: hmke zaaaaegaauy aha pehtmclly wnh rharevwa rerraeearae and ran rha UNFP and rha CF Tn

W6‘? arra mo :a wgrrfize eherrrrrrver sh rhe P.'vgr¢s-Aiv: Front.

TH: A/un(€5V~Len'\n\'5V ravawmaaary wen har exp ssedrrrexraarrrzhaaw an rhe field avraewax and pan aa

rrragata Mr «he. arr emergznce, aarrraanarnyrhrarah rhe vemcles 01 are Mo aemrrrawh organzarrerrrr AUGI-Amcm(Forwnr\'1), whaeh urvse amhe cw, and me March 23 Movemenf (named anerme Nhrch 23 mm: rh rhe UNFP). The earaerraar rha revuluriovvary weer Ts ra frunflurm i1se\f arma revohificrxzry arrrrrurrrerrr, which rhe working Maxie:now luck. The c><Tslen<c er rh:r revn\ul'mnury Force,its analyser «rd ra vrugglc, Tlluxlrurts me grgahv;yup bum bevwecn vhc masses aha rha ragrrre aha ba~tween rha mussts aha man: who iubaly arena klreprmrenr rherrr.

The reareazah rhar Ts rrmara thew mvolmiunaryrhmrarra :5 easier :'ur rhe regvme ra carry an! Tn rharIv cames al a «me when wanarrrrx urrzrr," sacredurfion, :3 eegahhrhg ra aeearrra rhe warchwmd. therevoluflanary Ian has r. aauraaaaarwy a r meaarzarran ehawwrr pcsi ah er rhe aarrraeaar, peth/~buurgeais, ard Sfiafinkl parties Div the aaeerwar ac.r.e'sahr.ra_ n har paged Vb: araaxerrr n1"Spunixh“sahara and its xolubion in rha rrameweru of she com-rrah rrrrragxa ar rha Mon-accun rwusus and rerara ofthe Sahara ugoinsv barh the rheharehy aha divccr orraazrear eaxahza m aha For hauerrax and reasonhbemfiun. The utlver, no Dcss rrhporraar, orperrarthe rrrrraara or this ~r.r,r;rr—Leh;hrrr Ian K3 are (rawaaaxrar me ch: cellubomvio rr pahcy ar the pur-ner rharelaxrrr ra be 77: apposlnun ra rhe aalaae.

Farm, Me revul ' nary Nurxins of Moraaaa, «rra

emergence of ma Ievolufionnry rarae 7: rr Mstvfizevent rharwe sahrra; its rrraggle is am and we Wmwark dd: by sTde to lay rhe real preararrrrrane poHveal bases nczessury var five earrsrraervah are revo|u—Hanury pufly. wa can say rrghr HOW rhea whmzvzrerhar rmarerrrar may seaarare us, no progress canbe made zrr ma raarrrr at deve lephg o svrmegy messir FuH.s whhin rhe strategic Yrumework as he Ambrevehniuvv. Our pragrarrrr-ma, srrareawa, and luc-vicol ma ves rharrhs rraree earrnrrea in rhe narrowframework of rha “Momccan state," aar rhaara rheybe oriented 5u\e\y rwara the ccmiruafion ofu aa—fiiannl raerrreerana arrra popular "/\/nm:cun“ reaarrra,

Arab Trotsk rr rruararra }-ave dmwn rhe lessons e:are Awgarr n and Paxerrmarr mvoiu N. there T5

ha bourgeome rhreaghau me Araa cuunmes rhar"xx 'm rrarmerr re lzad a bau(gecTs—democmHcvevo—mzarr :h each cuumry er aaeh stale. u rhe demo—

crane and bourgeois ruskx have her yet been carfledout (ugvufian rerarm, rrrmehal ah ufian, con5Ts—

rehraar rraaerwanrr :r’mggVe}, IE1: does nor meanrhar rhere mus? ae a dislmcf smge er rhe rcvohmondevofied Io rha aaaarhanirhrrehr af vhexc ask: ahadT\/arued rm 0 seccnd, roazaurr stage. Theve :r alink befwecn rha bourgenis and democratic lushand «rra se:TaHst tasks, her they are rrar ar an ;apa—rarea er. nrra, nor rr rlncm any rreeaesrry to rarrr ah"uifinnce an awerarrr Eflocs." For us, rcvchafiarvaryMsrxisvs, where Vmla are rrar ehxy rrar rrrmea m rhebvrders al a rzhgwe Arab coumry, rhey are aha mun-rermzara av me form cf aarrrararzah inperTuHsm

exerts over rha Arab peoples Ufld rhe bnuxgeufskprererrrxy r'h

War. This poses rhe necenhy av v\'ew—Tug the raanzanar. cl rhe aerrraararza tasks mrmr.rhe ararau xnuregy ar rha Araa raaraurr Vex/o\uh'Dn,whose raear «area; we and win rarrraah the pm‘:-raraar named to rrre pear pearaarry. xrr our Area-macrrraregra aahaaaraarr rhzr rs earrerenzea fivruugh rhesatrhewk slogan of he aremarrma VF rha aralararzar.

For an the Arab peapres, rhe only anerhrmve in

he en: ac TmpcrTuH5m remu . :ac?oh's) mvolufiunar garma raamrarshap. n r; wzrhia rha ccnie><§ av

IN: xirafeqh: rm; rhur she unity ac rha Arab rrahahaah ae arraarrea, which raara rhe rmmaarrah errha Araa marker by rranahahzzrra uH rarezar tradeaha eehrrauzara bufion and by earr ng ama radmul aararrarr rererrh boxed ah ha rraa Tzutmnof he nusiei cl pour paasams.

The Area revohniun Wm be sad ar rhare w7H

be NO Amb revnhzfion. M will mumph rhraaahaerrhe whore Arab reaaarr by rrruyxha rha araar gec—araehzeax unils er rhe Araa not :1 Nu Nnglveb,rhe Arab Ens), rhe we valley» whhin me fivmcvwork era mciufisfi reaerrrx Arab npubfic. it :5 :rrrhir fraruwerk arra amund rhrr pmgmm mm theMoroccan minraaa are sVruggling.I

29

REVOLUTIONARY MARXISTJOURNAL INHUNGARIAN. . .For the Hm Hme, u rvvolufiomry Mnyxisr pubrzcanun has begun Yo appear Tn Hungafiun.

M T: cuHed Lcvegafi mm‘ mm appear in me Farm L71 reguhrly pubfished callecrfons.me Hm we Ts devared m dcmumcnis rdared m we Decembcr 1970 wfkes af me Pohkhworkers ;n me Bumc parts and to Me up»/ememo7 Pom mam; rn me. The "openWetter“ of Km" and Mmzelewskx was aka published in Hue mm me.

U.S.A.

c

, ‘ . ~ V

, ,The AFL—CIO has culbd u mnanwaae “Rally far The run Hm we maeflanay xeummp 9! me ,.._Job: Naw“ to be held Tn wosmngnon an Apm 26. nmv trade-Amien federation am called Fm workersThe row :3 being wonsarzd by We ‘V-dUW7=‘ WW Va demorsrrah-2 Tn warge numbers tcxrifies to me aepmDeaunmen» of me lobar fedemflan, u wbdivixiun of anger dcvebping :.. me American wurktng armsma: inckldcs Hfly-eTgN AFL-CK) Mam mm mm .1; a ram ac mo Ming urtemp\o\/«vent. omcaux EM.six milliun workers. we rally ix me fim ma mm. e,,.",,,,W,;,,; which ,,,,d,_.,,,u,¢ me we m.prams on a normal we by me AFL—c:o. mm:,z,, pm. unemployment G. W. than 5%,so

U. S. A.~——_——

wrrn mere wadmr: lkled as unemployed men at mynrne since «.1930: — 7.5 rnmien. u mu: also rn-cludes ran. whacye nor counted‘ me guvemmenl‘s

mus Ia —v-oder: who enn enly find permarrework mi wuvktfl are geyernnenr eresevm as havingsrnpped 'ucOivu|y" ‘DDkFng tor work — me romlnumber er.,r.e.ne:eyea 75 TH (ht muse of I2-I3 rn:

Hon. Arr! are pnepeereheea T3 not very hapeiulzFwd‘; eyn budget foresees en aWrcTu| unemploynenrrare uveIvgin5B.\% ;n 1975 and 7.9% :n me.Only by 1990 is T9 pregeeree re Full m 19/, — aweyex eenrreeny acceptable re rre m W3 elee.And M -u en nptimisvis ereyceuonz

The max) expsenee sec tovs er me wovking c ‘as; —

Wcmtn and oppressed nerrenemzee —— have beenhurdcxr nzr by unernpreyrnenr. The enernexeynenrmic for week wurken 15 Mice as as For whhts.Among Black managers, rne afFicTuV unemploymentrah: wards er rrerre rnen 35v/e — and 0 Ts eyen h herTn same em!‘Nnlkerx ;n mu: sna.nrr:cs sud! us cumrrucfion andmzmmcbile rnenereemrzng have ulsa been errecreeFur rnere man we uvemge. In camfmsficn, me un-empioyngm mm :5 mar: men vsvye. ln Derrah,where 300,000 workers are ernpmyee Tn enrerr-owervuznuiucmring in peak perms, me emeaex enern—pbyrwerw mic has reeesee 23%. He merren an

nerrnn Ms aka affected Black workers e§pe:TaHyseveuely, fince rney curnprixe e reVo7ive\y men provporH'nn ofmnumobile workers Tn the city, wn mm:mam nl me Blu:k :ommuniry "m D:-trait unemploy-nenr hm reached weyexs er seam.In rm. xilunvion derrvonsvtufians eenenerne geee neyeeeen new ;r. severe‘ cfiiex under me auspices av me

Irudz nnzere. In New Yark crry some 12,000 engrycanslmcfiun werkcvs nrerenee en cxry Hull on Fcb—

wary 27. (Om DF v5,uou mcvrbers or me e..rmng—

nods uniuns in New York, runere art 2! mo unevvrflayed.) n wu e vevy mmrenr aenrensrnmen, eee—

pile Ob: uflewrpi by the urfiun bureau.-cmls Va dampenwe pun

‘ ies Var me warkers re express rrrear rage.wn Cu rennin, wnere e rnzmen wcrkels ere unemvplnyud, me CaHferm'a Labor reeerenen (AFL—C\O)

sponsored a watch er 2,000 people on me flute cup-nel Tn Sacramento on Norah 3. And en Ftbruary 5,cheer m,o00 unemployed enre workers rnurerree enWashington demanding me."995: demcrmraviunx, ahhougk sr-«EH Tn cempurisonwuh vhe potential, mvertbelexx represem e pcxifivestep .n beginning re reuy the rremcrdous nrengener me urgunizcd Irude—un?ou rneyernenr in e new«er iabs. 5:: kw, rne rmdewnion bureaucrats haveheshnled re mu rer muss neraens, er naye organizedsuch ucfiuns an a yery -nae seenzen. am 1; any se-rious errerr at nu were per snre rne Anrn 2a mHy,mere wenm be we rrenme in gernenne e crowduf5U,flD0 re nu are sent: er Kennedy sreernrn zn

Wnshinglen. wnerner rm: effort wil\ be made re—

muhvs vo be seen serne ‘urge urficnx, such as theVnfernuficrul unznn emeerrzm Wwrknrsund meArreraean reeerersen er Stare, Ceunry and MenrapexErvrployaes, ere ergenmne buses in several driesre bx/Md rne n:Hy, wn New York Chy, scvcrul unkznsthat had uheudy been p\annTng «er a nruren on Wash-zngren have rnrewn vnezr effarvs bah: rne Aprv 25<51‘ and are exeeeree la eenrrrbnre xign eenrxy rewe mmom The wee gmn reny has also reeezyeavke enrhusiamc endenemen: er nre ceemen erLubuv Urfinn warren and me Cuulifinn er men». rreeeUnTL7m'§fis.

Peler cnnrere and wame Nae Reid, 5u<:7uH5V Work—

ee perry eenazenres «er ere n! and vic=~pvesTdentwn um, ixsued u smenen» gwmg am svppurne Aeru 21: nHy Fm |obs. my eenee rer-perudcniucfion by me labor rncvcmenr, mob ZaneTn a vast sneyr emrenerrr, re fmck vhe eeyernnenrre en, Aern 25 can be the negrnnine. " Tne swphm rneen rnec nr lav [abs e nerer rnerne er in prep-agunda eernpevgn, Papulufly wrmen cumpaTgn 1»Mature — eerueruerxy “A am or Rights ser WorkingPeople“ and "Why can» Everybody mm a Job?"— 7: be?ng .1-rsrrnenree en e wide scale. Among arekey demands being «fixed Tn rm; cumpifign are eensVar e shorter wmkweek whh no reiutfion zn pay, amasxive pnbne warks progmm by rne seeernx gI:vurn-warn, and nnzeneeexe wugex «er aH enenpxeyeewarkeml

31