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THEI (FRUITS) KUNG TIHPUN(PROPAGATION) DAN

INTRODUCTION :India ramah mihring pun chak avang leh hriselna

tur ngaihpawimawhna a lo zual telh telh avangin thei lehthlai hrisel mamawhna a sang zel a, chutih laiin thei lehthlai chinna hmun zauh belh erawh a tam lo hle.Chuvangin thei leh thlai tharchhuah hi mamawhna apunanga a tam ve zel theih nan productivity tihsan apawimawh hle a ni, chutih rualin a quality hi ngaihpawimawh ber fo tur a ni. Thei leh thlai tam tawktharchhuak tur a pawimawh hmasa ber chu a phun tur thaleh hrisel (quality planting materials) hman hi a ni a,kuthnathawktuten thei phun tur hrisel leh variety tha, thartam thei chi an neih ngei a ngai a ni.

Thei kung te hi kum tam daih an ni a, variety thathlan mai bakah a tihpun danah technology tha tak hmana tul hle a ni. Tun hma a thei huan siamtuten an hriatlohna avanga fimkhur tawk lova thei phun tur an thlan teleh enkawl dan thiam lohna te khan tun a thei tharchhuahahnasa takin nghawng a la nei a ni. Tunah pawh hian publicsector leh private sector a nursery siam tam takin tech-nology dik tak hmanga quality planting materials chauhsiam chhuah tumna an la nei chau hle niin a lang.Chuvangin nursery siamtuten hei hi hria a tan lak a tul hlea ni.Thei tam zawk thar turin - Quality Planting Materi-als : Thei kung tha tehfung ber chu a kung len lam te, apeng leh tang tam lam te leh a hnah buk lam te a ni. A

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kung buk dan erawh a awmna boruak leh nursery atangaenkawl danin a hril ber a, thei kung hrisel tha chuan hnahpawh a chhuah hnem a, a rah pawh a tam nge nge a ni.Eng vangin nge Quality Planting Materials chauh kanthlan ang ?

Quality Planting Materials hi hman anih loh chuan,technology tha ber ber pawh hmang mah ila, sawtna a neitlem em em a ni. Hmun tam zawk a Quality Planting Ma-terials siam chhuah te hi a hrisel lam leh a thei dik thlahchhawn ngei a ni em tih hriatchian loh te a tam hle a, avariety tha ngei a ni em tih pawh chiang lo a tam a ni.Thei chi hrang hrang a variety a zirin a rah a tam in a tlemthei a, a intui hleih thei a, a inlen hleih thei bawk a, natnado theih dan a inang lo bawk a, chuvangin a variety thaber (Tree of Outstanding Merit) thlan a, a mother treeatan hman a pawimawh hle.Quality planting materials tehfung pathum te :(1) Variety : Planting materials duhthusam- rah tam chi,

natna do thei chi leh variety tha lawr bik te nei turinImproved Planting Material/ variety te ngaihvenchak a, a tihpun chak dan ber technology hmangatih pun a tul a ni.

(2) A planting material len lam leh rualkhaingaihpawimawh.

(3) Natna laka fihlim leh rannung te khawih chhiat loh.Mother Plant thlan dan tur :

Mother Plant hi thei kung hrisel leh tha Scientificcriteria hrang hrang hmanga belhchian dawl tihpunna turbul anih avangin ngaihpawimawh hmasak ber tur a ni.1. Mother Plant chu kum engemaw zat a awmdan (per-

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formance) enchian tur a ni.2. Natna thlahchhawn theih engmah a nei tur a ni lova,

a hrisel ngei tur a ni.3. A variety dik leh tha a ni ngei em tih a rah len lamah

te, a pianhmang leh quality ah enchian tur a ni.MOTHER BLOCK

Nursery tha tak siam tur hian a hmasa in a scionlakna tur mother block, nursery bul velah siam tur a ni a,hmun hrang hrang atanga variety tha thlankhawm leh lo-cal-a a variety tha hriat chian sa te chauh phun nise. Tin, aspacing pawh a pangngai aiin a zing tur a ni. Mother Plantte hian peng tam tak, scion lakna tur a chhuah theih nanna taka prune thin tur a ni. Mother Block hi natna lehrannungin a khawih buai loh turin ngun lehzual a enkawltur a ni. A phun ni atangin leitha leh tui pek te, hnim samleh pruning te leh plant protection te ngaih pawimawhnghal ngei ngei tur a ni. Mother Block a variety hranghrang te Nursery Register ah fel taka chhinchhiah bakaha map siamin record vawn a tha hle.CLONAL ROOTSTOCK BANKS

Rootstock tha chi, thlah pawlh loh hman hianharsatna tam tak a pumpelh nghal thei a, clonal te thatbikna tam tak - boruak vawt lutuk leh lum lutuk tawrhtheihna te, lei ban leh al lutuk lo, lei ro leh huh lutuk tepawh a tuar thei a, natna leh tichhetu rannung te lakah achhel bik a ni. Rootstock hian thei kung buk that leh sanlam mai bakah a rah tam leh tam loh te, a rah that dan te anghawng theih avangin thei phunna tur hmunmila,rootstock tha thlan a pawimawh a ni. Rootstock tha,chi dik tak, virus leh natna laka fihlim, zung puak emaw

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a tang vih nun hmangin mother rootstock neih a tha hle ani.Thei hrang hrang clonal rootstock hman atana tha lehan nihphung te :

Thei hming

Rootstock An nihphung

Apple M9 A kung a tawi a, a rah hmaa,zing taka phun theih chi a ni.

M 7 and M M106

A kung tawi lutuk lo leh sanglutuk lo , zing taka phun theihleh woody apple aphid lakah afihlim a ni.

M M111 A kung tawi lo leh sang lutuklo , khaw thal tuar thei lehwoody apple aphid laka atawrh chhel a ni.

M M793 A kung chak tak, woody appleaphid leh co llar rot laka tawrhchhel a ni.

Crab apple Khawvawt tuar thei a ni.P ear BA 29 A kung hniam lo leh sanf lutuk

lo , crown galls leh nematodeslaka tawrh chhel a ni.

Quince A A kung chak tak, sang lutuk loa ni.

OHXF-230 A kung sang lutuk lo ,khawvawt leh canker tuar theitak leh collar rot leh crowngall laka tuar chhel a ni.

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Oregon – 260

A kung hniam chi, lei hnawnglutuk leh crown gall, collar rot,root lesion nematodes tuar theitak a ni.

Cherry Colt A kung sang lutuk lo, varietyhrang hrang nna zawm thieh,gummosis leh crown rot lakatuar chhel a ni.

Mazzard F 12/1

A kung sang vak lo a ni.

Charger A kung sang vak lo, varietyhrang hrang mil leh tihpun nanatha, bacterial canker lakatuarchhel a ni.

Weihroot 10 A kung chak ve tak, varietyhrang tam tak mil, khawvawtleh root rot laka tuarchhel a ni.

Gisela 10 A kung hniam, rah tam lehkhawvawt tuar thei a ni.

Plum Mirabi A kung hniam lutuk lo, tuitlingleh khaw ro tuar thei a ni.

Myrobalan 27

A kung chak tak, khawro tuarthei a ni.

Myrobalan GF 31

A kung chak tak, pung duh tak,variety mil ngah a ni.

Pixy A kung hniamSt. Julian

Hybrid No2A kung hniam lutuk lo, leihnawng lutuk lei al leh bacterial canker laka tuarchhel a ni.

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Mariama GF 8/1

A kung chak leh pung duh tak.

Damas GF 1869

Hniam vaklo, lei al ngam ta, tuitling leh bacterial cankerpawisa vak lo a ni.

Peach GF 557/677 A kung chak tak, lei ro lehhnawng tak leh al pawh tuarthei a ni a, a kung phunsawnpawh a nung tha thei a ni.

St. Julian Hybrid No 2

A kung hniam vaklo, lei al lehhnawng tak a tha thei, bacterialcanker pawisa vak lo a ni.

Marianna GF 8/1

A kung chak tak, rah tam, thangchak tak a ni a, tui tling, virusleh root knot nematode pawisavak lo a ni.

Cyberian C and Rubia

A kung hniam tak a ni.

Damas GF 1869

A kung hniam vak lo, lei al lehhnawng takah pawh tha thei,bacterial canker pawisa vak lo ani.

Almond GF 677 A kung chak tak, lei hnawngtak leh ro pawh tuar thei a ni.

Hansen 2168

A kung chak tak, rootknotnematode leh khawvawt takpawh tuar thei a ni.

Ishtara A kung hniam vak lo, thangchak tak leh rootknot nematodetuar thei a ni.

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Apricot Myrobalan GF 31

A kung chak tak, rah tam,variety mil ngah leh leihnawngtakah pawh tha thei a ni.

Mariana GF 8/1

A kung chak tak, rah tam lehthang chak, tui tlingah pawh thathei leh virus leh root knotnematode laka tuar thei a ni.

Walnut Paradox A kung chak tak, lei al leh roleh natna laka tuar thei a ni.

Pecan Nut

Carya acquiatica

Leilung chi hrang hrang a thahtei leh lei hnawng tak pawhpawisa lo a ni.

POLYEMBRYONIC ROOTSTOCK BANKPolyembryonic chu thei chi (seed) embryo pakhat aia

tam nei a ni a, embryo pakhat chu a nu leh a pa chi ina thlaha ni a, chu chu gametic embryo emaw sexual embryo an ti a.Embryo dang te erawh chu a pa chi thlah ni lo, nucellus cellsatanga insiam a ni. Ser lam ah hian nucellar embryo hi anhmang lar hle. Polyembryonic chu a awlsam zawngin thlaichi pakhat atanga pakhat aia tam lo tiak thei hi a ni.

Nucellar seedlings thlang chhak tur chuan Zygotic seed-lings te nursery atangin zawi zawi a paih tur a ni a. A thangduang lutuk bik te leh a chawrche te paih in, a that dan inrualtlang hote chu nucellar seedlings a ngaih a ni. A vawi khatnachu seedlings te kha 10 - 20cm a sang an nihin zygotic seed-lings te paih tur a ni a , a vawi hnihna chu budding leh graftingtih hunah emaw phun rual an nihin gametic seedlings te paihleh tur a ni. Theikung duhthusam ni turin a rootstock hmanina zir a ngai a, chuvangin rootstock tha leh hrisel ngei hmanginrootstock block siam tur a ni.

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Serthlum tana rootstock recommend te:-Rootstock Serthlum zawm tur te

1)     Rangpur lime Sweet orange leh khasimandarin

2)     Rough lemon Mandarin leh sweet orange3)     Cleopatra mandarin Mandarin leh Kinnow4)     Troyer citrange Kinnow5)     Volkamariano leh Sohmyndong

Khasi mandarin

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATIONEng thlai pawh a nu leh pa chi atanga siam nilova

tihpun hi vegetative emaw asexual Propagation tihna ani. Thlai tihpun chu ama nihphung (gene) tihdanglam miahloh, a nu (mother plant) ang chiah a thang a, rah leh a rahquality pawh inang chiah a ni.

Thei kung tihpun dawn chuan, a zung lam tur (root-stock) leh a chunglam tur scion thlan dik tur a ni. Graft-ing hlawhting taka ti tur chuan a rootstock leh scioninzawmna lai kha inrem chiah, vascular cambium (watersap leh nutrients kalkawng) insi thlap a zawm tur a ni.ROOTSTOCK SEEDLING RAISE DAN TUR

Rootstock chi te hi poly bag a kuitiah nghal hi azung tihchet loh/ tihchhiat loh a nih avangin a tha ber ani. A chi thenkhat chu a kawr a sak avangin a tiak har theihle a, chuvangin kui hmain tui a chiah a, poly bag a dahhnuah pawh polythene varin a tiah tan thleng a khuh hiana tiak hma a, a tiak a tam duh a ni.

Propagation technique leh rootstock hman tur recom-mend te :-

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Thei hming Tihpun dan tur Rootstock hman tur te

Almond T-budding leh loedge grafting

Open pollinated leh bitter almond tiak

Aonla Patch budding leh wedge grafting

Open pollinated tiak

Apple T-budding/tongue and wedge grafting

Clonal rootstock

Apricot T-Budding leh wedge grafting

Apricot/ Peach/ Plum Open pollinated seedlings

Avocado T-Budding leh Wedge grafting

Open Pollinated seedlings

Banana Suckers/ corn Natna kai lo leh variety tha

Cashew Soft wood grafting Open pollinated seedlings

Chery Tongue and wedge grafting

Clonal rootstock

Custard apple Wedge grafting Open pollinated seedlings

Date palm Sucker/ off shoot Natna kai lo leh rah tha chi

Fig Hard wood/ Semi hard wood cutting

Variety tha leh hrisel

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Grape Hard wood cutting and wedge grafting

Wedge grafting atan 110 R leh Dogridge leh Hard Wood cutting a tan mother plant hrisel leh rah quality tha.

Guava Wedge grafting Open pollinated seedlings

Gooseberry Hard wood/ Semi Hard wood cutting

Mother plant hrisel tha, a rah lian leh quality tha

Jackfruit Patch budding and soft wood cutting

Open pollinated seedlings

Khirnee Soft wood grafting Open pollinated seedlings

Kiwifruit Hard/ Semi har wood cutting and budding

Cutting atan Mother plant hrisel leh variety tha. Budding atan open pollinated seedlings.

Lemon &Lime

Cutting and budding

Cutting atan Mother plant hrisel natna kai lo leh rah tha. Budding atan open pollinated seedlings

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Litchi Kolawm leh wedge grafting

Grafting atan Open pollinated seedlings

Mahua Soft wood grafting Open pollinated Seedlings

Mandarin T-budding, wedge grafting and patch budding

Polyembryonic seedlings

Mango Soft wood, wedge and veneer grafting

Open pollinated seedlings and polyembryonic seedlings.

Peach T-budding, wedge and Tongue grafting

Clonal rootstock

Pear T-Budding, wedge and tongue grafting

Clonal rootstock

Pecan nut Patch budding and wedge grafting

Clonal rootstock

Plum T-Budding, tongue and wedge grafting

Clonal rootstock

Pomegranate Wedge grafting and air layering

Wedge grafting atan open pollinated seedlings. Kolawm atan mother plant hrisel leh variety tha.

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Raspberry lehBlackberry

Sucker Mother plant hrisel, rah lian chi leh quality tha.

Sapota Wedge grafting Khirnee seedlingsStrawberry Runner Mother plant hrisel

leh variety tha a rah lian leh tui.

Sweet orange T-Budding/ Wedge grafting

Polyembryonic

Wood apple Soft wood grafting Open pollinated seedlings.

Walnut Patch budding and wedge grafting

Wild seedlings and Paradox.

THEI KUNG TIHPUNNA TUR IN (Structure)Nursery atan Green House hi an hmang lar hle tawh

a, Green House technology a zir in nursery tha tak a siamtheih a ni. Green House chhung tihvawhna leh tihlumnate a thuam anih phei chuan theikung tihpun hi hun bikawm chuang lovin kumtluanin a tih theih a ni. Open air apropagation tih a nih chuan khawlum lutuk leh vawt lutukte, thli leh vur ten a tichhe nasa thei hle a ni. ChuvanginGreen House-ah chuan off season ah pawh propagationtih theih a, bud leh graft te pawh a chawrhma-in a thanpawh a tha ber a ni. Shade House a nursery siam pawhhian khawlum lutuk a tidai a, nipui lai a boruak hnawngtlemna hmunah te a tangkai hle a ni.PLANTING MATERIALS SIAM TUR A HRIATTURPAWIMAWH TE :1. Layering

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(i) Air Layering : Thei tang kumkhata upa, hrisel lehngil, tehkual a 2.5 - 4cm a lian leh a mit awm lohna laithlan tur a ni a, chutah chuan a kual chhuakin a kawr lakhnu-ah lungsam/thingsam (moss) leh lei chawhpawlh (2:1)bel a, polythene (200 - 400 gauge) a tuam tur a ni a, ahmawr lehlam lehlamah tawn phui tlat tur a ni. Moss aawm lo anih pawhin hnawng pai rei thei chi engpawh ahman theih. A tuam nana Polythene hman hian moisture achhuak thei lova, a hnu a tui pek a ngaih loh avangin thaa ngaih tlem phah a ni. Hetiang a kawlawm hi gooteemethod an ti bawk.

Kawlawm hi February - March leh July - August hia hun tha ber a ni a, kar tlem te hnu-ah zung a chhuah a,chumi hnu chuan a tang chu a chanve vel cut tur a ni a, ni15 hnuah a vaia cut in polybag ah phun phawt tur a ni a, akum lehah field ah a phun theih a ni.(ii) Trench Layering : Thei zar lei dep in daha, khur zimte laih a, chutah chuan a zar kha phum tur a ni. Zung achhuah hunah a kung atanga tan chum a, poly bag ah khawirih tur a ni.(iii) Mound Layering/ Stooling : He method ah hi chuanthei kung kha 20 - 30 cm a sangah a than thut lai (dormatseason) in tan tur a ni a. Thla hnih hnu-ah a peng tam taka lo chawr ang a, chung a chawrte chu a bul te ah a kawrvel a, rooting hormone diak (paste) a velna chung chiahahhnawih a, rooting hormone tam zawk a lakluh theih nannihnih chhung chu chutiang chuan dah tur a ni. Chumihnuah leihnawng tha tak bel tur a ni. Ni 30 hnu ah zung ainsiam tan anga, thla hnih hnuah a kung atanga lakhrantheih a, hei hi Nursery ah dah leh rih tur a ni.

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2. Budding : Budding ah chuan a mit pakhat chauhrootstock a bel a ni a, a than chawlh lai hi budding huntha ber a ni. A than chawlh lao hian a inzawm that tirtu(cambium) a thawk chak a, a inzawm tha duh bik a ni.(i) T-budding : Hei hi shield budding an ti bawk. Root-stock kha lei atanga 15 - 20 cm a sangah a chho zawngina hawng kha 2-3cm vel rinphel tur a ni a, a chung chiahah a tan zawngin a hawng kha tawite rinphel leh tur a nia, T shape angin kan rinphel tihna a nih chu. Chumi hnuaha scion mit thun theihna turin a kawr chu tih kau tur a nia. A bel tur scion mit chu a chung 1 cm leh a hnuai lam2.5 cm ah cut in pan taka a mit chu lak tur a ni. A mit churootstock T a zai kakah khan thun a, a mit lai chauh langa polyethylene emaw Parafilm hmang a nghet taka tuamtur a ni. T-budding hi chu engtik hunah pawh a tih theih ani.(ii) Patch Budding : Rootstock kum khat vel a upa, pen-cil tiat vel patch budding a tan a tawk a. Budwood lak turchu thla ruk atanga kum khat a upa, a mit vawng tha hmantur a ni. A mit chu a chung leh hnuai lam 1cm ve ve ahhleh thlak a, a rootstock lei atanga 15 cm a sangah chuana mit chu bel a, parafilm hmangin tui leh boruak lut theilo turin tuam tur a ni. Ni sawm hnu-ah a mit bel chu a nunleh nun loh a hriat theih nghal a ni. A mit lo chawr chu 10cm vel a than hnu-in, rootstock chu a mit belna atanga 2-3 cm a sangah cut tur a ni.3. Grafting(i) Veneer grafting : He method hi a awlsam a,amaherawhchu a scion upat leh len lam te, a graft hunte,a scion lak hmaa a hnah thawlh hunte hi a graft hlawhtlin

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nan a pawimawh hle a ni. Rootstock kum khat a upa, alen lam 1 cm a tawk a. A scion chu thla 4 - 6 a upa a ni tura ni. Graft hma ni 10 talah a hnah tihtlak a, a mit lo chawrtan dawn tak velah lak tur a ni. Rootstock chu lei atanga20 cm a sangah a sahthlau zawngin 3-4 cm a sei mam taka cut a, chutiang chen chiah chuan a scion chu rootstockcut laiah bel a, phui tak leh nghet takin polyethylene atuam tur a ni. A scion chu ni 10 hnuah pawh a la hrin chuana rootstock lam kha tan tawi hret hret tur a ni.(ii) Soft wood grafting : He grafting method-ah chuan atang chawr thar, a hnah pawh a la hring lo hman a ni a. Ascion lak hma ni 10 velah a hnah tihkawlh a, a rootstocktiat laoah cut a inmil tak a zawm tur a ni. A zawmna laichu Polethylene hmangin phui taka tuam tur a ni. Softwood grafting hi humidity san lai July - August thlaah tea hlawhtling ber.(iii) Tongue grafting/ whip grafting : He grafting methodhi apple leh pear ah te hman ani ber. A rootstock leh scionintiat chiah a ngai a, a scion chuan mit pahnih emawpathum emaw a nei tur a ni. A rootstock lam leh a scionchu a sahthlauvin a in ang chiah a cut a, alaiah 1 cm athukin zai kak v eve a, inmil chiah a zawm tur a ni.Polythylene in phui tak a tuam tur a ni. Tongu grafting hitlangsam leh hmun ro ah chuan March - April thla a tih atha ber a, hmun hniam lamah chuan February - Marchthla a tih a tha.(iv) Wedge grafting : Wedge grafting hi awlsam hlemahse a scion thlan dik a tul a ni. He grafting method hikumtluanin Green House ah leh open-ah a hman theih a,nursery siamten an hman lar ber pakhat a ni. A scion lak

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hnuah a rootstock chu 15 - 18cm a sangah cut a, a laitakah 4cm a thukin zai kak tur a ni. Tichuan a scion chu atawn tawnin 4 cm a sei suih zum a, rootstock zai kakahkhan nghet takin thlun a, polyethylene 150 guage a chhahin tuam tur a ni. Chu chu polybag sen 2.5 lang tlang theiin khuh a, a scion chi ni 9 - 12 velah a lo chawr tan anga,ni 25 hnuah a khuhna chu hlih tawh tur a ni. Chu chuopen ah emaw shade house ah hardening turin a dah theihtawh a ni. Grafting chu a hlawhtling lo a nih pawhin arootstock kha tan tawi lehin a zawm that leh theih a ni.Grafting a tihfuh loh awm thei te

Rootstock leh scion a inzawm fuh loh avangin ahlawhtling lo thei a, a chhan chu - A rootstock leh scion inmil loh vangin A inzawmna lai cut fuh loh vangin A inzawmna lao ro lutuk avangin A inzawmna tui emaw infection awm vangin Tui pek that loh vang a rootstock thih vangin Graft/ bud hma a a scion a lo ro/thih vangin Rootstock chhe tak hman vanginScion quality

Scion tha tak hmang/ thlang turin Scion chu Mother Plant hrisel tak, fungal, bacterial

leh viral natna kai lo leh rannung khawih leh chhiatloh, rah tha tak chhuah thin kung atanga lak tur a ni.

Scion chu a than chawlh lai (dormant) in lak tur. Scion chu a buk pawnlam ni leh eng hmu tha lai a

mi lak tur a ni. Scion chu a zar thangduang/ than tha atangin lak tur

a ni.

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Scion chu a zawmna tur rootstock tiat chiah lak tura ni.

Scion ah chuan a par a awm tur a ni lo. A mitt ha tak chauh scion-ah hman tur a ni. Scion hi hman hma in hmun dai leh hnawng a dahthat

tur a ni. Scion lak hnuah a rang thei ang bera hman nghal tur

a ni.Grafting a hriattur pawimawh te :- Rootstock leh scion a cambium ( a kawr leh a thing

inkar a cells awm cell thar siam a, tui leh nutrientssem kualtu a ni) layer te a in si thlap tur a ni.

A inzawmna lai tuam lohvin rei tak dah loh tur. Scion hrisel tha tuam lohvin rei tak dah loh tur. Scion hrisel tha chauh hman tur. Grafting hi a hun dik takah chauh tih tur. Grafting tihna hmanrua chu a hriam in a fai tur a ni. A inzawmna lai chu a ngheh hma chuan venhim that

tur. Graft zawh veleh a chawr hma theih nan polythene

a khuh tur.Grafted Plants enkawl dan tur A zawmna hliam dam hma a, a tuipai te chhuak thei

a siam loh tur a ni a, inzawm chian hma chuan borukhnawng a hma tha tur a ni. Green House chhungahchuan misting a tih theih a, open ah erawh chuanpolythene a khuh mai tur a ni.

A inzawm chian hma in a tuamna phelh loh tur a ni. Field a phun chhuah hma ngeiin a tul anih chuan

root pruning tih tur a ni.

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A zawmna lai tuamna phelh hnuah a rootstock lamhriathran theih nan a inzawmna laiah khan rawng achhinchhiah a tha. Phun hnuah pawh a rootstockatangin a chawr paih reng tur.

A zawmna kum vek a a lo par chuan, a par chu paihvek tur a ni.

Grafted plants te hi phun chhuah hnu-ah pawh ainzawmna lai a la chhiat theih avangin enkawl thattur a ni.

Propagation tihdan dangte1. Runners : Thlai thenkat zam chhuak chi an awm a.eg. Strawberry hian kungkhat atangin runners 7-10 a neia, enkawl that phei chuan 15 lai a nei thei. Strawberrychu a rah zawh hnuah runner a chhuah tan a, a runnerchuan lei a sik chuan zung a chhuah a, plant thar a loinsiam tihna a ni. Chu chu a kung atanga lak hran a phunleh zel theih a ni.2. Suckers : Balhla kung hian sucker chi hnih swordleh maidan a nei thin a, chung chu planting material atana tha v eve a ni. A sucker chu 0.5 - 1m a sang, a hnah seizet a neih lao a a bul nen lakhran tur a ni a, natna a kai lohnan damdawi hmanga treat hnuah phun nghal theih a ni.3. Cuttings : Thlai zung thlak hma chi ah te cutting hi tiha ni a, tihpun dan awlsam ber leh tlawm ber a ni. Hard woodcutting atan a tang kum khat vela upa a tawk a ni. Thlai hnahtlakawlh chi a nih chuan prune zawh ah a tang vih nun thin ani a. Thlai hnah tlakawlh ngai lo (evergreen) a nih chuan ruahtuitlak lai a atang vih nun tur a ni. A tang vih nun tur chu atlangpuiin mit 3 - 5 nei, 15 - 20 cm a sei hman thin a ni.

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Guidelines for labeling (chhinchhiahna) Planting Ma-terials Planting materials zawng zawng a nihna

chhinchhiahna tar vek tur a ni a, hetiangchhinchhiahna awm lo chu hralh phal a ni lo.

A label ah chuan tihsual a awm tur a nil ova, chhiarawlsam tak a ni tur a ni.

Label chu Hindi emaw, English emaw mahnitawngin a ziah theih.

Planting material hralh chhuah turah chuan officialmi rintlak a tul chuan a sign tur a ni.

Label size hi a tlangpuiin 12cm x6cm hman a ni.Label a ziah tur te :-Institution/Nursery hming leh a locationBatch No ________________ Tag No. _______________Thlai hming leh variety hmingGraft/ bud ni leh thaRootstock hmingScion laknaTreatment pek ni leh thlaNatna laka a fihlim dan

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Kawlthei Mother Block Serthlum Mother Block

Theihai Mother Block Green House chunga SerthlumMother Block

Clonal Rootstock Serthlum Nucellar Seedlings

Thei chi kui dan

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Propagation Structure

Green house (Forced ventilated with evaporative cooling system)

Naturally ventilated green house

Polycarbonate structure fitted with cooling, misting and heating system

Citrus rootstock Wallnut

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Thei tihpun dan (Propagation) chi hrang hrang

Kawlawm dan

Thei kawlawm zungthlak tawh

Trench layering Thei kawlawm phun tur

Mound layaring hmanga theitihpun

Patch Budding

Serthlum bud nun sa Veneer grafting

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Tongue grafting

Wedge grafting

Thei zawm hlim te polythene a khuh dan

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Thei tang vih nun dan T-Budding

Soft wood grafting

A peng (suckers)hmanga tihpun