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TheCardiovascularSystem The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. In addition, blood contains cells that ght disease.

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Is a muscle about the size of your fist Weighs approximately one pound Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by a wall of tissue called the septum. Each side has an upper chamber, or atrium, and a lower chamber, or ventricle.

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As blood ows outof the heart andtoward thelungs, it passes through a valve like the one here.

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Two Loops Blood circulates through the body in two loops, with the heart at the center. In the rst loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns to the heart.

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Sequencing Pathway of Blood

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Introduction to Cardiovascular System Three Types of Blood Vessels Arteries Carry blood away from heart Veins Carry blood to heart Capillaries Networks between arteries and veins

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BloodVessels The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.

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Artery and Vein In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.

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Blood VesselFunctionStructure of Wall Comparing and Contrasting Compare and contrast the three kinds of blood vessels by completing a table like the one below. Artery Carries blood away from the heart Thick wall consisting of three cell layers with thick muscle in the middle layer Capillary Exchange of materials between the blood and body cells Thin walls consisting of one cell layer Vein Carries blood back to the heart Thick walls consisting of three cell layers with thin muscle in the middle layer - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels

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Blood Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cellsred blood cells, whiteblood cells, and platelets.

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Formed Elements of Blood

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Blood Types The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.

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Blood Typing Four Basic Blood Types A (surface antigen A) B (surface antigen B) AB (antigens A and B) O (neither A nor B)

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Blood Types and Cross Reactions Blood Plasma Antibodies Type A Type B antibodies Type B Type A antibodies Type O Both A and B antibodies Type AB Neither A nor B antibodies

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Blood Typing The Rh Factor Also called D antigen Either Rh positive (Rh + ) or Rh negative (Rh - ) Only sensitized Rh - blood has anti-Rh antibodies

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Blood Type Distribution The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population. What does each edge of the graph represent? The percentage of each blood type found in the United States population Rank the four major blood typesA, B, AB, and O from least common to most common. What is the percentage of each type? AB (4%),B (11%),A (40%),O (45%) According to the graph, what percentage of the population is Rh + ? What percentage is Rh - ? 84%; 16% What type of blood can someone who is B - (blood type B and Rh-) receive? What percentage of the population does that represent? O- or B- blood; 9% Use the data to make a table of the eight possible blood types. Include columns for the A, B, AB, and O blood types; Rh factor (positive or negative); and percentage of the population. The data should be arrangedin two columns and eight rows

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Graphic Organizer Loop Right side Loop One Loop Two Side of Heart Where Loop Starts Where Blood Flows to Where Blood Returns to Left side LungsLeft atrium BodyRight atrium

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Asking Questions What are some cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis and hypertension. How can a person keep healthy? Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and avoid smoking. QuestionAnswer Cardiovascular Health - Cardiovascular Health

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a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterolcholesterol

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Blood Supply To The Heart 2 coronary arteries branch from the main aorta just above the aortic valve. No larger than drinking straws, they carry out about 130 gallons of blood through the heart muscle daily.

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary artery disease is one of the most commonand serious eectsof aging. Fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood. The resulting condition, called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and heart attack.

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Signs and Symptoms None: This is referred to as silent ischemia. Blood to your heart may be restricted due to CAD, but you dont feel the effects Chest Pain: If your coronary arteries cant supply enough blood to meet the oxygen demands of your heart, the result may be chest pain called angina. Shortness of breath: Some people may not be aware they have CAD until they develop symptoms of congestive heart failure- extreme fatigue with exertion, shortness of breath and swelling in their feet and ankles. Heart attack: Results when an artery to your heart muscle becomes completely blocked and the party of your heart muscles fed by that artery dies.

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Risk Factors Uncontrollable Sex Heredity Race Age Controllable High Blood Pressure High Blood Cholesterol Smoking Physical Activity Obesity Diabetes Stress and anger