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THE WRITER’S
WORKSHOP Cause & Effect
YOU WILL … Write a paper explaining the causes and the effects of
the War of 1812
Nelson History Curriculum U.S. History through Reconstruction
NELSON HISTORY CURRICULUM 1
1 The Writer’s Workshop: Cause & Effect
Learning Target: I can write an essay explaining the causes and the effects of the War of 1812.
Directions: Answer the questions below in the space provided.
Think back to when we studied about the War of 1812 …
1. Identify events that created conflict between the United States and Great Britain.
2. Identify the effects of the War of 1812 on the United States.
Historians make sense of an event by considering why the event happened and what resulted
from it. Exploring causes and effects can provide a deeper understanding of historical events
and how they are connected. Read the passage below, then answer the questions that follow:
Yesterday, Marcus came rushing home, hoping to find a letter from Stanford University in his
mailbox. It was there. When he opened the letter, he jumped on the kitchen island and danced
around as his mother shouted, “Get down from there.” He jumped down, hugged her, and gave
her the news. “I’m in. I got in.”
Marcus’s acceptance into Stanford made excited him, but he quickly became nervous. Thoughts
of, “how to pay for Stanford?”, and “Will I get a scholarship?”, and “What if I can’t afford to go
there,” popped into his head. He was excited and nervous all night, and was unable to sleep.
He knows he must do his research on scholarships and continue to work hard to earn money for
college, but his family will be overjoyed with his acceptance and will likely help as much as they
can.
As you review the War of 1812, not all the details your read about will be causes or effects. Ask yourself
one of the following questions to help determine what is a cause and what is an effect …
Flashback
Preview
Determining Causes & Effects
Identify the Situation.
Identify a cause of the situation.
Identify an effect of the situation.
NELSON HISTORY CURRICULUM 3
3 The Writer’s Workshop: Cause & Effect
1. Cause: How did this action or situation contribute to the war?
2. Effect: How did the war lead to this event or situation?
Identifying Causes and Effects
A cause is an action or situation that makes something else happen. What happens is called an effect.
You should use an outline or a graphic organizer like the one below to organize your research.
Cause 1 Cause 2 The Event or Situation
Effect 1 Effect 2
Researching and Organizing
For this essay, you will write about the causes and effects of the War of 1812. Gather information from
Chapter 8 or other credible sources.
Look for three reasons (causes) the War of 1812 (the event of situation) occurred.
Look for three effects of the War of 1812.
Be sure to avoid false cause and effect relationships. Just because some happened before or after,
doesn’t mean it’s the cause or the effect of the event.
When organizing information, it’s best to organize by importance – from most important to least
important. Decide what causes and effects are the most important and the least important, and
organize them accordingly on your graphic organizer or outline.
Use the guide below to help you write a draft of your essay …
Introduction
Think of a creative way to begin. You can start with a quote or interesting fact. You can begin by
describing a scene or telling a story.
Be sure to identify the event you will discuss (The War of 1812).
Identify you will be discussing the causes and the effects.
Body
Present the causes in chronological order or order of importance.
Prewriting
Write a draft
NELSON HISTORY CURRICULUM 4
4 The Writer’s Workshop: Cause & Effect
Explain each cause in its own paragraph, providing support with facts and examples. Be sure to
cite your source.
Present the effects in chronological order or order of importance.
Explain each effect in its own paragraph, providing support with facts and examples. Be sure to
cite your source.
Conclusion
Summarize your ideas about the causes and effects of The War of 1812 by briefly restating the
causes and effects of the war.
Don’t forget to stay on topic
Each paragraph should have a topic sentence, normally the first sentence in the paragraph.
Evaluating: Using the questions below to evaluate your essay …
Does the introduction begin creatively?
Does the introduction identify the event and the causes and effects to be discussed?
Is each cause and effect explained in its own paragraph?
Do facts and examples help to explain each cause and effect and connect it to the event?
Are the causes and effects organized clearly – by chronological order or importance?
Does the conclusion summarize the causes and effects and their importance?
Revising
Make sure the connections between the war and its causes and effects are clear by sharing your paper
with a classmate. If your classmate is confused, add background information. If he or she disagrees with
your conclusions, add evidence or rethink your reasoning.
Proofreading
Some transitional words and phrases need to be set off from the sentence with commas. Here is an
example …
I wanted to know more about the work he did while in Europe. Therefore, I questioned him
about his time in France.
Some transitional words and phrases that show cause and effect relationships include: Because, as a
result, therefore, for, since, so, consequently, for this reason. You can also transition from one
paragraph to the next with transitional sentences at the end of paragraphs.
Be sure to include transitions, so your essay easily flows from one paragraph to the next. Also, check
your paper for spelling and grammatical mistakes.
Proofreading and Publishing
Evaluate and Revise
NELSON HISTORY CURRICULUM 5
5 The Writer’s Workshop: Cause & Effect
Publishing
Get together with a classmate and share your causes and effects, comparing your lists to see whether
you have identified different causes or effects. You can use this information to help finalize your essay.
Make all necessary changes and corrections to your paper and write your final draft. Be sure it’s
organized and error free. If you hand-write your essay, be sure to be neat and legible. If you type, be
sure to use a standard font and size.
Students’ explanations of causes or effects should …
Begin creatively
Cleary identify the topic
Accurately explain the causes and effects of the War of 1812
Provide a paragraph and support for each cause or effect
Following chronological order or order of importance
End with a clear summary
Use correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization
Complete your Essay
Rubric
NELSON HISTORY CURRICULUM 6
6 The Writer’s Workshop: Cause & Effect
The War of 1812: American Finds Itself
The lyrics of the Star Spangled Banner, “and our flag was
still there,” have continued to echo throughout our
history because of the War of 1812. The United States
stood tall following the war, which was due to ongoing
conflict with Great Britain. This conflict, and the effects of
the war, helped establish America’s place on the world
stage.
The War of 1812 was an unavoidable conflict
between the United States and Great Britain.
While many Americans resisted war, the War
Hawks of Congress advocated conflict. Conflict
with Great Britain, such as their interference with
American Shipping, aid to Native Americans, and
impressment of American sailors, brought the U.S. into
war with the British for the second time. However, this
war would prove to be a turning point for our nation.
Following the war, in which both sides claimed
victory, the United States had much to
celebrate. Americans felt an increased sense of
national pride, its manufacturing was boosted,
and the Native American resistance was weakened. As
was the case 36 years earlier, it was British actions that
strengthened a nation.
First, prior to the War of 1812, the British were interfering
with American shipping. Great Britain passed laws to
prevent trade and their navy captured many American
merchant ships. This action had an adverse effect on the
American economy. In addition, the British navy targeted
American ships while searching for British navy runaways.
At times, Americans were captured and forced into
service. This practice was known as impressment. Despite
American protests, the British did not stop this practice. Lastly, Great Britain gave aid to Native
Americans of the Western frontier, helping them fight against American settlers in an attempt
to stop the expansion of the U.S. These actions gave the War Hawks a loud voice in Congress,
which declared war for the first time in 1812.
ANNOTATED CAUSE & EFFECT ESSAY
The first paragraph contains a
creative opening sentence.
The first paragraph includes the
topic.
The first paragraph contains a
thesis statement.
The second paragraph gives us
an overview of the causes to be
discussed later in the paper.
The third paragraph gives us an
overview of the effects to be
discussed in the paper.
The fourth paragraph includes a
detailed account of the causes
of the war. It also includes
transitional words such as first
and lastly.
Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence
Transitional Sentence
Transitional Sentence
NELSON HISTORY CURRICULUM 7
7 The Writer’s Workshop: Cause & Effect
Even though it was the first time Congress had declared
war on a foreign country, it was not the first time the
United States would come out of war as a strong and
independent nation. Even though it wasn’t the decisive
victory of the American Revolution, the U.S. benefited
from the War of 1812.
Before the War, Americans identified mostly with regions
or states. Following the war, Americans were patriotic and
proud to call themselves, American. The national pride
was aided by the boost American businesses received
from the war. In the absence of British goods, Americans
realized they had relied too heavily on foreign goods and
began to ramp up their own manufacturing to meet the
demand. Now Americans could be proud of the products
they made, while enjoying the new profits. Finally, this
feeling of national pride had Americans sights set on the
West. The withdraw of the British army from the
Northwest Territory, which weakened Native American
resistance, allowed the U.S. to focus its efforts on
expanding the nation into new territories.
The War of 1812 helped America find its identity and
make itself self-sufficient. The impressment of sailors,
interference with shipping, and aid to Native Americans by
the British may have provoked war, but in the end, the
U.S. discovered its pride, economy, and future.
The fifth paragraph creates a
smooth transition from the
causes to the effects of the war.
The sixth paragraph includes a
detailed account of the effects
of the war.
In the concluding paragraph,
the causes and effects of the
war are restated without being
redundant.
Transitional Paragraph