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THE WORLD WAR II ERA.
By: Rachel Smith & Courteney Fry
THESIS!
The World War II Era gave our nations and many other nations abroad a new group of challenges to conquer. The challenges we faced were war bound attacks that changed our government’s point of view drastically. This time changed the nation’s future.
THE RISE OF DICTATORS!
Josef Stalin (Soviet Union) Communism.
Benito Mussolini (Italy) Fascism.
Adolf Hitler (Germany) Nazism.
Axis Leaders Adolf Hitler & Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini meet in Munich Germany, 1940.
SOVIET COMMUNISM; JOSEF
STALIN.
1929: Sole Dictator of the Soviet UnionTotalitarian State…
Government-run farms…
In Office: April 3, 1922 – March 5, 1953
FASCISM IN ITALY;BENITO MUSSOLINI.
Economic Problems: After World War II Restore Order; Strong Leadership. October 1922, threatened to overthrow Italy’s elected government. In response, the King appointed Benito Prime Minister.
Superior Nation; with a glorious destiny. He thought superior nations had the right to conquer inferior nations.
Banned all political parties but, his own. Critics were jailed or murdered. Schools; recited the motto: “ Mussolini is always right”
NAZI GERMANY;ADOLF HITLER.
Extreme Nationalist.
By 1921, became leader of a small group… National Socialist or Nazi Party.
Nazism was a form of Fascism.
German’s were a “master race.”
Racial theories: Anti- Semitism.
Great Depression increased Hitler’s popularity.
Enforced Strict Loyalty.
MILITARY AGGRESSION!
Aggression: is a warlike act by one country against another without cause.
JAPAN ATTACKS CHINA!
1931 … seized Manchuria
After ,1937 … Japan stepped up it’s aggression in China.
Quarter of a million civilians & prisoners were massacred.
ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA!
Mussolini invaded Ethiopia.
Outdated Rifles & Calvary.
Haile Selassie; Emperor.
League of Nations; weak.
Ethiopia fell to the invaders.
GERMAN AGGRESSION!
Create an empire…
Defied the treaty of Versailles…
European Democracies …
France & Britain hoped to appease Hitler …
Neville Chamberlain…British Prime Minister
“ Peace for our time”
NEUTRALITY …
1935; Congress passed the Neutrality Act.
Keep the United States at peace.
No assistance; to Nations involved in war…
Good Neighbor Policy…
Withdrew American Troops from Haiti & Nicaragua.
WAR BEGINS IN EUROPE!
LEND- LEASE ACT! Roosevelt sympathized with the Allies. It allowed the United States to lend or
lease war supplies to countries fighting the Nazis.
They leant items such as: tanks, machine guns, and other war items.
Because the United States had good equipment that other countries didn’t have.
PEARL HARBOR!
December 7, 1941“A Day That Will Live in Infamy”
“
PEARL HARBOR!Japanese Bombers launched a surprise attack … American Naval, air, and ground forces … Pearl Harbor … Oahu, Hawaii 400 Military Aircraft 8 Battleships (Damaged) 2 beyond Repair … 2,400 Americans were killed… They didn’t suspect the attack to come as far… Later that day, Congress declared War on Japan … Germany & Italy Declared War on the USAgainst wishes … involved in another world war.
USS ARIZONA EXPLODING!
A GLOBAL CONFLICT!World War II … Global Conflict. Axis Powers …
Germany Italy Japan Six Other Nations
Allied Powers … Britain France Soviet Union United States China 45 other Nations
Total War; conflict involving not just armies entire nations.
EUROPE! 1942; bleak situation on all fronts. Germany controlled most of Western
Europe. Britain had not fallen. Powerless to challenge the Nazi’s. In the East, the Nazi’s advanced deep
into soviet territory. Soviet Losses Numbered in the millions. It began to swing in the Allie’s favor.
THE SOVIETS RESIST! Soviets to Collapse… quickly Assisted by the brutal Russian Winter
halted the German advance just miles from Moscow.
The Germans mounted another offensive in 1942.
Major Battle in Stalingrad. Months of bitter fighting, ended in clear
Soviet Victory. Soviets slowly drove the Germans back
westward.
ATOMIC BOMB President Truman made plans for invading Japan
in the autumn. Truman learned about a secret weapon-atomic
bomb Successfully tested in Mexico Desert Destroy a whole city August 6, 1945 atomic bomb struck Hiroshima
130,000 people Japan refused to surrender
August 9,1945 atomic bomb struck Nagasaki 35,000 instantly, radiation poisoning
August 14, 1945 emperor of Japan announced they would surrender
THE HOLOCAUST!
Bloodiest Conflict; took the lives of more than 60 million people.
400,000 Americans. Two Thirds were civilians. The full extent of the Nazi Brutality.
VICTIMS OF THE NAZIS. Nazism was based on racism & extreme
anti-semitism. Hitler moved beyond restrictions. “Final Solution to the Jewish Problem” 6 million Jews were murdered under the
Nazi’s. Mass Slaughter known as … the
Holocaust. New Term: Genocide … Other Groups Also became victims...
(Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, Communist, Disabled)
DEATH CAMPS! Efficient System of mass murder Six Death Camps in Poland Transported in Cattle Cars. Torture and Medical Experiments. Gas Chambers, Incinerators. Auschwitz; best known death camp.
When entering there was a German saying on the top of the gate that meant “work will set you free”
Liberated … piles of corpses. People that did survive were skeletons.
PICTURES.
WAR CRIMES. Definition: are wartime acts of cruelty
and brutality that are judged to be beyond the accepted rules of war and human behavior.
Nuremberg Trials; 1946; 12 defendants were sentenced to death by hanging
Similar Trials were held in Manila and Tokyo to try leaders of the Japanese War Machine.
WORKS CITED! Davidson, James West, and Michael B. Stoff.
America: History of Our Nation Civil War to Present. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
"World War 2 Timeline 1939-1945 - Worldwar-2.net." World War 2 Timeline 1939-1945 - Worldwar-2.net. 27 May 2009 <http://www.worldwar-2.net/>.
"World War 2 Timeline 1939-1945 - Worldwar-2.net." World War 2 Timeline 1939-1945 - Worldwar-2.net. 27 May 2009 <http://www.worldwar-2.net/>.
country. "The Holocaust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 27 May 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust
