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The World-Records of SiliconesInnovations powered by a unique elastomer
Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Dr. Markus Putzer, Oliver Franssen (speaker)
International Silicone Conference, April 10-11, 2018
The Structure of Silicone Elastomers
2 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Silicone crosslinker
-Si-O- building blocks:
Silicone polymer
Filler treatment
Other additives
Reinforcing filler
In May of 1940, GE research
chemist Eugene G. Rochow’s
monumental discovery of the
direct reaction process began the
journey of scientific innovation
that has led to the application of
silicones in thousands of products
that touch almost every aspect of
daily life.
Eugene Rochow‘s discovery
How It All Started
Ref.: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150512005230/en/Momentive-Celebrates-75-Years-Invention#.VhJqTOztlBc
3 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Müller-Rochow Synthesis And Polymerization
4 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
+
From sand and coal …
Si + CH3Cl (CH3)nSiCl4-n
Cu
(Metallic Silicon) (Methyl Chloride) (Methyl Chlorosilanes)
Typical Elastomer Ingredients
5 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
z
Polysiloxanes
z
R = -CH3, MQ
-CH=CH2, VMQ
-CH2-CH2-CF3, FMQ
- , PMQ
• Mechanical properties
• Media resistance
• Low temp. properties
Fumed Silica Filler SiO2
Si
O
• Composition
• Surface area
• Structure
• Surface treatment
• Reinforcement
• Hardness
• Tear Resistance
• Optical properties
Crosslinker
• Addition Cure
• UV Cure
• 1K-Addition Cure
• Peroxide Cure
• Curing temperature
• Curing speed
• Mechanical properties
e.g. Hardness
Additive Package
• Adhesion promoters• Metal oxides, salts,
Carbon black• Phenyl silicone oils• Colorants
• Adhesion to substrates• Heat resistance
• Tribology • Colour
Industry Leadership through 70 Years of Silicone Innovation
Innovations & Market “Firsts”
First “direct process”
for making
methylchlorosilanes
1940s
First silane coupling
agents for fiberglass
and composites
1950s
First non-
hydrolyzable silicone
surfactant for
polyurethane foams
1962
First construction
sealant that hardens
at room
temperature
1964
First man walks on
moon in silicone
boot soles enabled
by GE Silicones
1969
First true structural
silicone glazing for
architectural
applications
1974
First commercialized
silicone for 2-in-1
shampoo and
conditioner
1986
First silicone
polyethers
introduced for textile
treatment, laundry
softeners and
personal care
1996
First successful one-
part addition cure
technology for
adhesives and
pharmaceutical
tubing
2001
First introduction of
NXT* sulfur silane for
next generation
automobile tires
2004
First use of Silwet*
hydrolytically stable
super-spreader
silicones for in-can
pesticides
2008
75 Years of Silicone Innovation
*NXT and Silwet are trademarks of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
1943
Peroxide vulcanization of
silicone rubber
1979
Liquid silicone rubber
175-years of vulcanization (with sulfur invented by Goodyear)
6 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Total view / template
New Axis – Let’s Look At Silicones Differently
Copyright © 2017 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
0 cm
Highest
transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Lowest compression set
Connector seals
2 m
Best weather resistance
Insulators / HVI / Solar /
Street lighting
20 m
Highest heat
application
Heat shield
40 km
Lowest temperature
flexibility
Moon boot
384*103 km
Longest distance
travelled
Mars
228*106 km
Inert inorganic polymer:
UV – no absorption
O3 – no reaction
• Clean, formulated without plasticizer, tasteless
and odorless
• No reaction
• No additives/stabilizers needed
Regulatory compliance for food, water and medical applications
is possible, e.g. USP Class VI, FDA 21 CFR 177.2600, BfR XV.
8 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Highest Purity / Intrinsic Chemical Stability
-2 cm
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
Pictures: Momentive Performance Materials
• Open space in network /
compressibility
• High freedom of polymer chain
motion
• High solubility of penetrant
• High diffusivity of penetrant
=> High gas permeability
9
1) https://imageserv5.team-logic.com/mediaLibrary/99/D116_20Haibing_20Zhang_20et_20al.pdf; Haibing Zhang, Ph.D., Andy Cloud (2006)
2) http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/dtlgrp/papers/DL1.pdf; Rutherford et al. (2007); Polymer 48 (2007) 6719-6727
Picture: Momentive Performance Materials
Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Highest Permeability – Barrier Properties
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Material O2 Permeability
[Barrer]3
IIR (Butyl-rubber)1) 1.4
EPDM2) 8.8
NR1) 24
Nitrile-rubber1) 85
FVMQ1) 110
VMQ1) 6003) Barrer = 10-10 cm3*cm/(s*cm2*cm Hg) at 30 °C
10 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Highest Permeability – Application: Contact Lenses
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Pe
rme
ab
ility
Dk
% Siloxane
O2 Permeability vs Siloxane Content
Ref.: http://www.optometry.co.uk/uploads/articles/CET%20290110%202%20POINT.pdf
Gas permeable contact lenses
frequently contain silicone to impart
superior oxygen permeability.
• PDMS polymers are highly
transparent to visible light
• Pyrogenic silica with different RI
scatters light
• Other fillers found with same RI
Ultraclear elastomers possible
New application areas in
consumer goods and LED
11 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Highest Transparency
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Highest
transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Pictures: Cressi Sub, Momentive Performance Materials
Test data. Actual results may vary
Innovative lighting applications
need cutting edge materials.
• High Transparency over a wide range of wavelengths
• Isotropic optical properties, no birefringence
• Low chromatic aberration
• Low thermo-optical coefficient
• High resistance to micro-cracking
• Temperature resistance from -40 °C up to > 150 °C
• High resistance against rapid climatic changes
• High resistance against ozone and strong UV-light
• Freedom of design
• High-precision molding of microstructured surfaces
• Highly efficient and automated injection molding process
Objectives
12* Silopren is a trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc. and/or its affiliates.
Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Ultra Clear Silopren* Silicone Elastomers
Typical properties are average data and are not to be used as or to develop specifications.
• Very low intermolecular forces
• High flexibility of chains
• Selective linking of endgroups possible
• Chain extension option
Range of LSR Hardness: 5-90 Shore
Application example: coupling pad of
automotive driver assistance camera
13 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Lowest Hardness Without Plasticizer
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Picture: Kostal
Softest elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Rubber Hardness
NR 30-95
BR 45-80
SBR 30-95
HNBR 30-95
EP/EPDM 30-90
FKM 50-95
ACM 40-90Test data. Actual results may vary
• Very low viscosity with limited
temperature dependency
• Excellent pumpability of LSR
(optimized filler coating)
• Shear thinning, easier material flow
under stress
• Enables very long flow length and/or
thin wall thickness without scorch
• Application Example: Bottlenet “Ursula”
14 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Lowest Viscosity
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Pictures: CVA Silicone, Sigma Engineering, Momentive Performance Materials
15
Material Selection with Sigmasoft† Virtual Molding
Part fills completelyPart only fills to approx. 90%
Material 2: Silopren* LSR 2670Material 1: LSR 70 Shore A
† Sigmasoft is a trademark of MAGMA Gießereitechnologie GmbH.
Simulation data in cooperation with Sigma Engineering, CVA Silicone, Momentive Performance Materials
*Silopren is a trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
• Only low polarity side-groups (CH3) on
the surface
• Easy rearrangement of surface groups
after wetting
• Hydrophobicity transfer and recovery
• Typical contact angle of
silicone elastomers: >100 °
16 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Best Hydrophobicity
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest Viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Pictures: Momentive Performance Materials
Contact angle
Adhesiveness
Wettability
Solid surface free energy
θ θ
high
poor
poor
low
low
good
good
high
high
poor
poor
low
Hydrophobic Hydrophilic
Test data. Actual results may vary
17 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Lowest Compression Set
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest Viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Lowest compression set
Connector seals
2 m
Compression set scheme: http://korzet.info/2017/Compression-Set.html
Picture: Momentive Performance Materials
CS(%) = (H0 − H2)/(H0 −H1) × 100 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 500 1000
CS in
%
hours at 175 °C exposure
Compression set
Low CS LSR
Improved CS LSR
Ultra low CS LSRRubber at the free state Rubber compressed by 25% Resuming position of the elastomer
to the free state
18 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Best Weather Resistance
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
0 cm
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest Viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Lowest compression set
Connector seals
2 m 20 m
Test site: Atlas Materials Testing Technology LLC
• Avg. high temp.: 34°C (summer), 26°C (winter)
Avg. low temp.: 23°C (summer), 13°C (winter)
• Avg. rel. humidity: 78 %
• Total UV (295–385 nm): 280 MJ/m2
Best weather resistance
Insulators / HVI / Solar /
Street lighting
Overall durability ratings after 22 years of real Florida exposure1:
1) Errol D. Bull and Gary M. Lucas; Journal of ASTM International, Vol. 6, No. 4 Paper ID JAI101946, available online at www.astm.org
Ratings:
3 = Excellent
2 = Good
1 = Poor
19 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Best Weather Resistance
Test Conditions:
Xenon-arc weatherometer (XAW) with 0.55 W/m² at 340 nm (Volkswagen PV3930, 45,000 hrs corresponds to
approx. 28 year real Florida outdoor weathering). Measurement of Yellowing Index according to ASTM E313.
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 [h] at exposure
sample 1 Silicone
sample 2 Silicone
sample 1 EVA
sample 2 EVA
YI standardized laminate material between optiwhite glass after storage at Florida
conditions (thickness of material about 0,15 mm)
X (Delamination)
Test samples under accelerated weathering conditions:
Test data. Actual results may vary
• Heat shield sleeves for the two nozzles of the Ariane 5
boosters
• Gasket production using LSR injection molding
• External diameter of 1.75 meters / weight of almost 60 kg
• Has withstood temperatures of up to 3000 ºC for a period
of two minutes.
20 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Highest Heat Application
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm 0 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Pictures: Momentive Performance Materials, Arianespace
Ref: press release Momentive Leverkusen Oct 2007
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest Viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Lowest compression set
Connector seals
2 m
Best weather resistance
Insulators / HVI / Solar /
Street lighting
20 m
Highest heat
application
Heat shield
40 km
• Low rotational barrier of chains
• Remains elastic where organic
rubbers turn brittle
• Little change of physical properties
at low temperature
• Some grades perform below -100 °C
• NMR studies at -196 °C (liquid N2)
show clearly significant freedom of
rotation and vibration
Application example: moon boot
21
Lowest Temperature Flexibility
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
0 cm
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest Viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Lowest compression set
Connector seals
2 m
Best weather resistance
Insulators / HVI / Solar /
Street lighting
20 m
Highest heat
application
Heat shield
40 km
Lowest temperature
flexibility
Moon boot
384*103 km
Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Pictures: www.nasa.gov, GE Silicones, now part of Momentive
22 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
The Longest Distance Travelled
Highest purity
Baby pacifier
-2 cm
Highest permeability
Contact lenses
0 cm
Highest
Transparency
Diving goggle
2 cm
Softest Elastomer
Transparent sensor
coupling pad
0.5 m
Lowest Viscosity
Designer part
“Ursula”
0.7 m
Best hydrophobicity
Kitchenware
1 m
Lowest compression set
Connector seals
2 m
Best weatherability
Insulators / HVI /
Solar / Street lighting
20 m
Highest heat
application
Heat shield
40 km
Lowest temperature
flexibility
Moon boot
384*103 km
Longest distance
travelled
Mars
228*106 km
Pictures: www.nasa.gov
DISCLAIMER: THE MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES DOING BUSINESS
IN LOCAL JURISDICTIONS (COLLECTIVELY “SUPPLIERS”) ARE SOLD BY THE RESPECTIVE LEGAL ENTITY OF THE SUPPLIER SUBJECT TO SUPPLIERS’ STANDARD CONDITIONS
OF SALE, WHICH ARE INCLUDED IN THE APPLICABLE DISTRIBUTOR OR OTHER SALES AGREEMENT, PRINTED ON THE BACK OF ORDER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND
INVOICES, AND AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. ALTHOUGH ANY INFORMATION, RECOMMENDATIONS, OR ADVICE CONTAINED HEREIN IS GIVEN IN GOOD FAITH,
SUPPLIERS MAKE NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) THAT THE RESULTS DESCRIBED HEREIN WILL BE OBTAINED UNDER END-USE CONDITIONS,
OR (II) AS TO THE EFFECTIVENESS OR SAFETY OF ANY DESIGN INCORPORATING SUPPLIERS’ PRODUCTS, MATERIALS, SERVICES, RECOMMENDATIONS OR ADVICE.
AFOREMENTIONED EXCLUSIONS OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THE EXTENT THAT THE END-USE CONDITIONS AND/OR INCORPORATION
CONDITIONS CORRESPOND TO THE RECOMMENDED CONDITIONS OF USE AND/OR OF INCORPORATION AS DESCRIBED BY SUPPLIER IN ITS PRODUCT DATA SHEET
AND/OR PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUPPLIERS’ STANDARD CONDITIONS OF SALE, SUPPLIERS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES SHALL IN NO
EVENT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSS RESULTING FROM ANY USE OF ITS MATERIALS, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DESCRIBED HEREIN. Each user bears full responsibility
for making its own determination as to the suitability of Suppliers’ materials, services, recommendations, or advice for its own particular use. Each user must
identify and perform all tests and analyses necessary to assure that its finished parts incorporating Suppliers’ products, materials, or services will be safe and
suitable for use under end-use conditions. Nothing in this or any other document, nor any oral recommendation or advice, shall be deemed to alter, vary,
supersede, or waive any provision of Suppliers’ Standard Conditions of Sale or this Disclaimer, unless any such modification is specifically agreed to in a writing
signed by Suppliers. No statement contained herein concerning a possible or suggested use of any material, product, service or design is intended, or should
be construed, to grant any license under any patent or other intellectual property right of Suppliers or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates covering such use or
design, or as a recommendation for the use of such material, product, service or design in the infringement of any patent or other intellectual property right.
Momentive and the Momentive logo are trademarks of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
*NXT, Silwet and Silopren are trademarks of Momentive Performance Materials Inc. and/or its affiliates.
23 Copyright © 2018 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. All rights reserved.
Thank You – Time For Questions
Oliver Franssen
Global Marketing Director
Elastomers – Transportation
Momentive Performance Materials GmbH
Building R20
51368 Leverkusen
Germany
T +49 6187 932327
C +49 173 650 2386
F +49 6187 932328